Actually the 280c compares rather well with the 540c speed-wise. The 270c is a much slower animal, and by this I mean in terms of user experience rather than the artificial benchmarks (yes, the 280c is faster there too, for what benchmarks are worth), but admittedly the 270c is a rather elegant machine. I especially like the power-saving features of the 68030, and the math co-processor (the Duodock II's math coprocessor will therefore not work with the 270c either, as the machine already has one). In terms of speed, the 270/270c is very comparable to the 180/180c, and the 280c to a 540c, at least in broad terms. I have actually read in some Mac literature of the early 90s that the 280c was faster than the 540c, but I have found them round about the same.
As for the 2300c, like all its 603 cousins, it is a dog in daily use by comparison with the 280c in particular, and I have one with 48MB of RAM, 7.6.1 and Speed Doubler installed on which to base the comparison. It has a slightly larger screen, of course, and one which uses different technology, but its great advantage is that it has a very usable keyboard. (The older keyboards do "soften up" and improve with a day or so of use, by the way.)
In terms of power usage and battery life, the 270c wins hands down. Next comes the 280c, and finally the 2300c. I know this from trying the same battery in each model. You get nearly an hour more out of my one good Duo battery in a 270c than you do in a 2300c, and 30 mins or so more in the 270c than in a 280c.