Nope, yoiu don't have to be afraid, S-Video and ADB cables are exactly the same. I've used S-Video cables as ADB, and vice versa many times before, without a problem.

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Using an ADB cable for S-Video may lead to a degraded picture as they often don't have as good shielding, etc. However, S-Video cables can be used instead of ADB ones to connect peripherals to a computer without any problem, as you said.