Hmmm...

Well I am not sure why anyone would remove the serial and FCC label. The FCC label I can see happening for some reason. But the serial. Its not easy to remove without residue since its like a paper.

The analog was not changed, so not sure on the cardboard. I can only think a shield was not handy or it was tossed.

Your pictures are too poor for me to tell, but what is the copper etched part number on the motherboard? Near the RAM on the edge.