Yes, you can, as far as i can remember you should find two black wires for ground (on the left) rest are + 5v / +12v / -5v
Never tried myself, but probably a way to use a modern PSU (PC one) just for a test.
The floppy drive has no door on the LC (except if it was change for the manual inject type)
I wasn't either, but are easy to work at and useful to make floppy discs copies...
You probably can clean the board with a contact cleaner first.