can a 68882 FPU be placed into the empty socket of a PDS ethernet card without issue?
Yes, as long as it is rated for the speed of the host machine or faster.
Also, is there additional software required to utilise the FPU?
I don't believe so. You may need to re-install the OS, but TBH I'm not sure if that's even necessary. Benchmark your Mac on floating point operations before and after installing the FPU - if there's no improvement, then try a re-install.
Can I put any 50mhz 68882 FPU into the socket of the Diimo without issue?
Yes.