Have you tested for continuity as 0.07 Ohm is very low for such a low capacity capacitor ?
Given the age, one would expect much higher readings, so the capacitor can be shorted.
Given the age of the original C1 capacitor and because it's an electrolyte one, it's better to replace it just to make sure.
Actually recapping the complete analog board is always the best solution in the long term.
As for the loose clip with the screw. Make sure the red wire going to the anode cap is stripped for about 10mm. Then screw the clip back in the holder with the red wire firmly below the clip. When done, pull the red wire while holding the anaode cap just to make sure it's not loose as this is a high voltage lead from the flyback: you don't want that loose.