Apple 2000 Vol 2 No. 5 1987 10 BASUG GB

p) NATIONAL APPLE USERS GROUP OCTOBER 1987 . “chee oe ecning file The hard disk you put in your pocket - oO: 3? Great Jasmine announce the first successful, reliable, affordable combination of hard disk speed : va Cr - . (s O) « S23 ee — and the endless expansion and [o Pe os) ene security of a removable floppy. Reliable because MegaDrive is extremely crash- resistant, unlike previous attempts to achieve the clusive goal. Fast because you get SCSI performance. Expandable because each floppy is a rugged 10MB disk, toughened to protect your data against extreme mishandling, yet light enough to carry around or post Affordable because MegaDrive is just £875. MegaDrive possibilities are limitless: lawyers, doctors, designers, artists, business users, accountants -everyone- can guarantee data security by removing their when they quit And occasional users, such as students, each unable to justify his own hard di share a drive without clogging up costly online disk space. With MegaDrive, your data library expands inexpensively. 10MB floppies allow endless storage of data, high-res scanned images, clip-art, and archived material at a far lower cost/MB than hard disks without crificing speed of operation or involving you in a confusing jumble of 800K disks. And 10MB is a sensible size to ensure against the soft floppy shuffle whilst > you're working. MegaDrive makes a superb backup device for your i hard disks. Faster and cheaper than tape when you consider your backup device is a production device, too. isks m Macturope > with JustTest This aé prepared MegaDrive from ms QV MacEurop e’s MegaDrive For many, security will be @ key reason to choose MegaDrive. Sharing disk space always involves the risk of deliberate or accidental exposure, modification or total loss through reinitialization. MegaDrive offers the ultimate in security: the drive doesn’t exist which can read data riding around in your pocket or locked in your safe. For everyone, MacEurope’s MegaDrive from Jasmine offers high performance in a compact package half the height of Apple's hard disk, with the same footprint. Careful design ensures protection extends to isolating your data from power surges, by providing full protection on all 3 power lines. And there's excellent resilience to physical shock. Every single unit is tested with real time diagnostics prior to shipping, unlike manufacturers who cut costs by testing random samples. MegaDrive is a great solution to your storage problems, It’s only available from MacEurope, Jasmine’s partners in Europe, who provide all the sales and engineering support you expect from a major manufacturer. Give Colette Fanning a ring on (01) 965 6905 for a data sheet and the nearest MacEurope dealer to you with MegaDrive to demonstrate. Demand for this successful drive is very high, so please do not delay seeing for yourself how your system can benefit from MegaDrive, Crown House, Abbeydale Rd, London NW10 7PN, England Tel: (01) 965 6905 Telex 265871 Ref 72:MAG20278 Apple2000 CONTENTS The Editorial Team | VOLUME 2__ISSUE5 OCTOBER 1987 Editor or 2 Jim Panks | Club News 3 Macintosh Sub-Editor | 7 . Norah Amold Local Group News 4 Assistant Editor | News Bytes Jim Panks 6 Graham Attwood | Document Checker Nigel Bradley 11 GS Tips Graham Attwood 12 Photography | Multiscribe GS Graham Attwood 13 Tips & Techniques 14 Advertising —— = Julie Panks Fortran Dave Miller 18 BEES SS 7a P 5 Warship Tom Wright 22 Adertiisivals Ll = Me L peer eaionion - Gai Sa aus Computer Eyes __ Dave Ward 24 Hotline | Cirtech CP/M Plus Dave Ward 26 Dave Ward - Giii#s 2182 PinPoint ToolKit Nigel Bradle’ 32 Monday - Friday 1900-2100 hours | er reey. SS BABBSSst=~=~=S=~S A £500 Hard Disk Dougal Hendry 34 Tony Game - (fii f MAC2000 _ Norah Arnold 36 EE Welcome to MacWorld _Irene Flaxman 38 Apple2000™ Is a trading name of BASUG | - — Ltd, a non-profit making independent Why Desktop Publishing Lawrence Miller 42 company limited by guarantee. a s The contents of this journal are Ready Set Go 3 Dougal Hendry 44 copyright of BASUG Ltd and/or the ices ai —————————_— respective authors. Permission is granted | Laser Paint Norah Arnold 46 for non-commercial reproduction ee ————— —= — ae providing the author and source are Keynote Speeches Peter Olsen 51 properly credited and a copy of the See ae me nen — relevant journal is sent. The opinions and | PowerDisk Keith Chamberlain 58 views expressed are those of the various ———— — — —$——__—_—_—_— contributors, and are not necessarily MacLibrary Norah Arnold 59 supported by BASUG. a =e cal This journal is published bimonthly by | Art at the Expo Irene Flaxman 62 BASUG Ltd as a benefit of membership in _———— _ Fobruary, April, June, August, October Network News 63 and December. The copy date Is the 5th sons ————— = oo — day of the month preceding publica Lightspeed Pascal John Arnold 65 tion. Advertising rates are available on — ———— — ——$$———_— request. Typesetting with Textures Sak Wathanasin 68 Apple™ and the Apple logo are pa = trademarks of Appie Computer Inc. Arabic by Computer A. Bracket M. Al-Helaly 73 Macintosh™ is a trademark of Mcintosh Laboratory inc and used with the express permission of the owner Telecom Gola™ is a trademark of British Telecom PLC. The FORCE™ and Appie2000™ are trademarks of BASUG aaa SSeS Apple2000 P.O.Box 3, Liverpool, L21 8PY & (|| @2) 4/412 (Answerphone) Be S| Printers: Beckenham Print Finishers 01 659 8617 | Editorial | | | | | | | | Derry Thompson/J. Panks 76 Page | EDITORIAL The last two years have flown by and I now find myself entering the third year as editor/compiler, the challenge is still there, new products and new techniques arrive by the bucket full and I intend that your journal will change for the better. The last six months have been traumatic for the Apple Il user, it appears that Apple UK have almost given up on this front. Many dealers now find it hard to explain what an Apple IIGS is, let alone stock such a rare beast. Sadly this attitude is spreading very fast and the Macintosh seems the only interest to many in the trade. This attitude has in the past killed off some really good machines, the Apple III was an exceptional machine but was not supported in this country and hence died very quickly. My main concern is with the amount of Apple II articles being submitted - if you wish to keep the machine alive as USERS you will have to start contributing - do not expect Apple or any _ other organisation to help, WE have to do it ourselves and that means all interested parties making sure that they contribute something. So come on all you Apple II Page 2 USERS send an article, tip or anything useful for inclusion in your journal. I hear that the management at Apple are changing and that David Hancock the M.D. is being promoted to Apple Inc with responsibility for the Pacific region. We wish him well in his new post. The MacUser Show will be upon us shortly and I expect many of you will attend - but I would just like to give you a warning - your presence is not really wanted - you see apparently USER GROUP members are not the market the organisers are after. You will get your free ticket in this issue - butitis notreally free because the group has been forced to pay commercial rates for astand at this USER's Show. The massive advertising campaign in this journal to get you to attend proves the point above! On to better things - I was invited to represent the group at the MacSeptember event organised by the East Midlands Macintosh Group and MacTel at Nottingham University. The event was exceptional, the lectures were informative and the company great. The only thing missing was the MUG or to be precise the man who runs that organisation. I hear that the organisers could not afford his fee! I hope to have a full report of the event with pictures in the next issue! Thanks to David and David for the first of many USER EVENTS. Right off we jolly well go - If any of you would like to help us on the stand at MacUser please drop a line and let us know what day or part day you could help. It is important that we gain as much from this show as possible and your help would be welcomed. _—_ O Jim Panks Chairman/Editor P.S. I have just had news that we can offer 3.5 inch disks at £15 inclusive of VAT and P&P. The disks are Double Sided Sony unbranded and come in a FREE plastic box. I suppose I had better get some money out ! Club News TIPS FROM THE HOT LINE o Anumber of parameters associated with Dos 3.3 are set toa maximum of 32767 bytes for some unkown rea- son. For instance you may only BLOAD a file which is no longer than 32767 ($7FFF) bytes long when there seems no reason why longer files should not be supported. In fact Dos 3.3 maintains a table of maximum sizes and amending the appropriate one will allow you to BLOAD larger files. When in the Applesoft prompt | just type the following: POKE 43364,255 ® A similar problem occurs with the BYTE offset keyword when you are accessing te ies. This has a maxi- mum of 32767 bytes too, Peter Ed- wards found this a problem but changing the maximum value in the table of maximum sizes in Dos 3.3 from 32767 ($7FFF) to 65535 ($FFFF) appears to have solved his problem. Here's how it is done :- When the Applesoft prompt appears type :- POKE 43372,255 33) As discussed last time Applewriter ProDOS versions 2.0 and 2.1 work just fine with the Apple IIGS except that the program hangs when at- tempts are made to print through the printer port. Many callers have com- mented upon this problem and until recently the only way was to use a printer card! That position has now, however, changed. Don Lancaster. one of the foremost Applewriter experts, has published a patch in the July 1987 edition of Call- A.P.P.L.E magazine. Many readers will no doubt know that that maga- zine is published by an Apple users group which is a little larger than Apple 2000! The problem occurs be- cause Applewriter attempts to set serial data values in a non-existent 6551 chip!! The following program, based upon Don Lancaster's article should do the trick for version 2.0. 10 HOME + PRINT CHR$ (4) "BLOAD AWD. SYS, A$2000, TSYS” : POKE 19888, 96 : POKE 20327,16 : POKE 20334,19 20 PRINT CHR$(4)”UNLOCK AWD.SYS” : PRINT CHR$ (4) “BSAVE, AWD .S¥S, TSYS,A$2000,1§6020" : PRINT CHR$(4) LOCK AWD.SYS” 30 HOME : VIAB 10 : HTAB 10 : PRINT “DONE! !“CHR$ (7) The patch for version 2.1 is a little different but I have left that out since I believe that it was not published in the UK. < GOLD CHARGES SCHEDULE The following changes to the Telecom Gold Charges Schedule will be implemented with effect from Ist October 1987, CONNECT CHARGE Charges for the connection for any purpose to the Service. Standard Rate - 6.5p per minute 4p per 512 characters Cheap Rate - 2p per minute 1p per 512 characters Note: The character charge is the sum of the number of characters passed to and from the user's termi- naland the system. The character count is rounded up to the nearest multiple of 512 characters for each connection. DATABASE SERVICES Infocheck 300 pence per minute or part. SUBSCRIPTION All accounts will be subject to an additional subscription of £5 per month per mailbox. In the past five years the service has undergone considerable develop- ments and the facilities available to users are now much more extensive. Telecom Gold have found itnecessary to make the above revisions to the charges and will continue toenhance and improve the service. The NEW charges and the FORCE. We now have the new charges from BTG and we can tell you the Good News as well as the not so good news in detail. First the Good News .. as you know BTG have decided to surcharge every box by a standing charge once per month. We are pleased to announce that we shall only pass on to you £2 of the new £5 charge. This will be added to your present standing rate of £3 making a standing charge of £5 per month on each box. This charge will take effect from 1st October. We hope we can maintain it at this rate for some time to come, but as we are only just covering the actual system costs, we may have to review this in time. The charging structure is to be changed. At present you pay a time charge which depends on the time of day you access the Force From Ist October this Will change to a split charge, a reduced time charge and a character charge for all data trans- mitted. BTG waive the first 512 characters which copes with the lo- gon and headers and notices that they put up themselves! For those who only send an odd mailbox .. or are slow typists, the new chars may actually mean their monthly bills are less, for the others, there will be an increase depending on the kind of access they use, we can do nothing about those increases. | Full details of ALL the new BT GOLD charges can be found on the FORCE in the FORCE NEWS area. If you use the FORCE please download the charges so that you are aware and do not geta | sudden shock ! Page 3 Local APPLE DEDICATED GROUPS STARTING-UP DONCASTER - SOUTH YORKSHIRE Colin Withington, a Mac User in the Doncaster Area is interested in helping to start a User Group. ie, san Saga IEEE, ih Heat IBN ca DORCHESTER CONTACT Ron Hoare Tel :(jsilin: dita wa 11 Redbridge Road, Crossways, Dorchester, et. POOLE MACINTOSH USER GROUP CONTACT Apple Dealer - Poole, Dorset SOUTHAMPTON CONTACT Geoff Parson Tel : 1rfiituty)iitit (yeti Seem en ee ee Sauna) HEHE HL ACTIVE APPLE DEDICATED GROUPS APPLE Il PROGRAMMERS CLUB CONTACT Philip Dixon TEL : latins tility) VENUE — None — operates as a postal group via a monthly newsletter BENTWATERS APPLE USER GROUP _ CONTACT John Thomas Tel : Wii: Si7iuMll VENUE RAF. Woodbridge MEETS 7.00pm first Tuesday of each month BRISTOL GROUP ( B.A.U.D) CONTACT MIKE FARMER Tel : (iiiPiiitislivtr VENUE — Decimal Business Machines, Three Queens Lano, Redcliffe MEETS — 7th of each month, or the Friday nearest if the 7th falls on @ weekend, CAMBRIDGE APPLE USERS GROUP 7 CONTACT lan Archibald Ts aN VENUE Varies, Isons Cycle shop, 72, Chesterton Ra,, Cambridge, MEETS — Fortnightly (CROYDON APPLE USERS GROUP CONTACT Graham Attwood Tol : ii) stills VENUE 515, Limpfield Road, Warlingham, Surrey MEETS — 7.30pm on the third Thursday EAST MIDLANDS MAC USER GROUP CONTACT Nick Helm Tol: jist VENUE" Wiloré Creat & Rugty Cb, Notingham EETS 8.00pm on the first and third Wednesday . EDINBURGH GROUP CONTACT Adam Gilinsky Tel : jiit\ aisiiintt) VENUE — Proteus Micro Systems, 55, Frederick Street, Edinburgh, EH21LH MEETS — Monthly, check with Adam, Page 4 roup News ESSEX GROUP CONTACT Pat Bormingham Tol : iti ite VENUE The Y.M.C.A., Victoria Road, Chelmsford MEETS Third Friday of every month GATEWAY COMPUTER CLUB - CONTACT Robert D Hall Tel : iiiiili VENUE Bob Hope Recreation Centro, RAF Mildenhall MEETS Normally meets at weekend ,check with Bob botore going along, GLASGOW GROUP CONTACT Donald Davidson Tol 21) abt fit) VENUE Proteus Micro Systems, 17, Park Circus Place, Glasgow MEETS 3-4 times per year, check with Donald HANTS & BERKS GROUP - CONTACT Mike Holiyfiold Tol :/f/?iii tilts VENUE — Thames Valley Systems , 128 High Street, Maidenhead, Berkshire, SL6 1PT MEETS 7.00pm on the second Monday. HERTS & BEDS GROUP Street Village, St Albans, Herts MEETS — 8.00pm on the first Tuesday. KENT GROUP CONTACT Richard Daniols Tol tii VENUE cael; 5-11, London Road, MEETS TSopm on on last Monday of each month. LONDON APPLE Il COMPUTER CLUB CONTACT Chris Williams Tol ; ff} sittiielitiity VENUE Studio 8, Wharledale Projects, 47, Wharfedale Road, London, Ni 9SE MEETS 6.00pm, first Wodnesday of every month. LONDON MACINTOSH GROUP CONTACT Maureon do Saxe Tol :/{})-aihattitl VENUE — Room 683, London University Institute of Education, Bedford Way, London, WC1 MEETS — 6.00pm on the second Tuesday. MACINTOSH USER GROUP (CAMBRIDGE) CONTACT Patrick Winterson Tel : lillie anfite VENUE MEETS MACTAFF « SOUTH WALES MAC gle Apple Centre South Wales, in ross Coun, 47 Newport Road, Carait 7.00pm on the frst Thursday Formal venue now estabiished. Every three months, MEETS MIDAPPLE CONTACT Tom Wright Tol :{iii#? itr VENUE — LT.E.., Tildasley Street, West Bromwich MEETS —7.00pm'on the second Friday SOUTH EAST ESSEX MAC GROUP CONTACT Mick Foy — Tol : Vr/iietiititi VENUE —DP.S., Acorn House, Little Oaks, Basildon, Essex. MEETS First Monday of every month THE MIDLAND MAC GROUP CONTACT Wan Knezovich Tel : ittiist/Hiith VENUE — Spring Grove House, West Midland Safari Park, Bewdley, Worcestershire, MEETS — 7.00pm on the first Tuesday . THE NORTH EAST APPLE USER GROUP CONTACT Philip Dixon Tel : ‘ities atti) VENUE —AppleCenwe North East, Ponteland Road, Ponteland, Newcastie-upon- Tyne MEETS First Wednesday of every month THE NORTH WEST APPLE COMPUTER CLUB CONTACT Jim Rosco Tel - iii ait) VENUE Horse & Jockey Pub,, Winwick Road, Warrington MEETS First Monday of every month MULTI-INTEREST GROUPS WITH APPLE USERS AMONG THE MEMBERSHIP CREWE COMPUTER USERS CLUB CONTACT Paul Edmonds iff (Shaw ‘Prste(Biive, aay CHa WAY (HA VENUE — Christ Church Hall, Crewe MEETS — Fortnighty, Fridays, 7.30pm to 10.00pm LEICESTER GROUP CONTACT Bob Bown Tel {iiiiiisjfigiiifi VENUE — Shakespeare Pub, Braunstone Lane, Leicester MEETS — 7.30pm to 10.0pm on first Wednesday . ‘THE NORTH WEST APPLE USERS GROUP CONTACT Max Parrot Tel : ify) fitii4iis))\ cat atte i Hn AYER AREY ge VENUE Staff House ( 2nd floor ), University of Manchester Institute of Science & Technology, P.O Box 88, ‘Sackville Street, Manchester, M60 10D MEETS — 8.00pm on the last Thursday. WEST MIDLANDS AMATEUR com CLUB CONTACT John Tracey Tel : ‘itt ‘iii? VENUE _ Hill Crost School, Simms Lano, Netherton, Near Dudley. MEETS —7,00pm on the 2nd & 4th Thursday. APPLE DEDICATED GROUPS IRREGULAR ACTIVITY FURNESS AREA CONTACT Alan Curtiss Tel ; {uit ati)i(i NOTE There has been more activily in this area recently, | have been unabie to contact Alan for some time so check with him yourself, APPLE USERS IN CONTACT NO ORGANIZED GROUP HARROGATE AREA CONTACT Peter Sutton Tel :\ialisisititytairn A number of keen Apple users in contact with each other. LIVERPOOL GROUP CONTACT Irene Flaxman Tol (fff) 4fitii iit MEETS —_No regular meetings being held. GENERAL INTEREST CLUBS NO APPLE MEMBERS BRIGHTON, HOVE & DISTRICT COMPUTER CLUB CONTACT - George Seears [iil tit fiiatity) NOTE There are no Apple members in this club at present but they welcome users of all machines. If you're in that area you can at least enjoy the companionship and help of othor micro users. The Apple Directors Chair -just one of the superb items available in The Appl¢ Collection. Apple are pleased to announce the launch of The Apple Collection, a special range of items designed with the needs of Apple enthusiasts in mind, each one carrying the Apple name as a guarantee of the highest quality. The Apple Collection is available exclusively through Authorised Apple Dealers, so for full details of the Collection range and how you can order your items, pull up a chair at your nearest Apple dealer now, Take your Pick from The Apple Collection . Apple and Apple logo are trademarks of Apple Computer Inc. ©1987 Apple Computer UK. Lid. @ Compiled by Jim Panks @ APPLE ANNOUNCE PRODUCTS Apple Computer Inc announced new software and hardware products for the Macintosh and Apple II range. HyperCard. HyperCard is a tool that Iets people use information in new and original ways. A personal toolkit that allows Macintosh users to access, customise and create new information of many types, such as text, graphics, video, music, voice and animation. In addi- tion, it offers an easy-to-use English based scripting language called Hy- perTalk which enables users to write their own programs if they so wish. HyperCard lets users work with in- formation the way they think - by as sociation and context as well as hier- archy. Its unique navigational method lets people browse and search quickly through large amounts of information, making it a vital tool with the advent of mass storage optical media technologies. HyperCard is based on a simple idea - a stack of cards, each contain- ing information, The number of cards, each of which is created with the familiar Macintosh point and click technique, is limited only by the storage capacity of the user's disk Users can browse, sort. make notes, type or draw on these cards.. One of the most powerful features of HyperCard is the ability to create ‘buttons’ by pointing and clicking the mouse. Buttons can be activated to link one card to many others, either in the same stack or different ones. Welcome to HyperCard What is Hypertord? Using HyperTalk, a button can launch an € file tan Go Tool Dotions Patterns ‘Selects application directly @ = fashosbeuleia aa from HyperCard, or [acy pilot Tip Gi, perform a wide range | ,,., [rover OFF Invert of tasks such as driv- Matias = ing external devices | C.J (All Wrswemed tiinten ey <u like optical disks or a PrograawersSej Trace Edges by ine ay CD-ROM, sorting a | Q Bl Retatntelt stack or performing a " Flip Vertical | iss aemanstration of the vay ie calculation, according Flip Horizontat ard ate inten to the user's require- a i Gpeque feretmreanvamanaer ments. : 1 Transporent [- ee HyperCard - the — culmination of a three [.7n, CMa (i Uiverpont (21 PY year team effort led by Bill Atkinson, Apple Fellow and developer of QuickDraw and MacPaint - is software which Apple considers to be a fundamental building block of Macintosh technol- ogy. StackWare’ is the category of appli- cations that Apple expects to emerge from HyperCard technology, al- though unlike other software applica- tions, the quality of the ‘StackWare' will depend more on the author's ability to create content than the author's proficiency with computer code. John Sculley said “HyperCard is the foundation for what we belicve could be a new HyperCard application in- dustry, built on the expertise of both commercial developers and special- ists in certain flelds”. As an example, a television pro- ducer with no previous programming experience has created a multi-media electronic atlas, which combines thousands of photos, maps, charts, sounds, and film clips from around the world, allowing users to easily scan and select visual in- formation about life on Earth. HyperCard's case- of-use and extreme flexibility will give it a broad range of appli- cations, including business and govern- ment, education and training, and per- sonal use. In a corporation, for example, Hyper- Card is an ideal front end to large databases, or asa presen- tation medium for interactive training courses. In education, scholars in all disci- plines can use HyperCard to develop course materials. StackWare can then be purchased or created for inte- gration into the curriculum, with an unlimited potential to customise in- formation as required. HyperCard comes on three disks plus a back-up. You will get an online Help facility, a diary, an address file and a ‘to do' list. Also provided are nu- merous examples of card, button and stack ideas. HyperCard runs on Macintosh Plus. SE and II with a minimum two 800k drives although a hard disk is recommended. HyperCard will be provided with all new Macintoshes after October 87. Other users will be able to purchase it for an undisclosed fee. (We have been lead to believe that it will be around the £50 mark. See the next magazine). - MultiFinder MultiFinder is the first generation multi-tasking operating system for the Macintosh family of computers. This powerful enhancement of the Macintosh operating system offers fast switching between applications, allows other tasks to be performed while printing, and provides a plat form for the creation of applications that can perform tasks in the back- ground - full multi-tasking. MultiFinder allows users to view multiple applications concurrent and to move quickly between them. It also allows for rapid cut, copy and paste between these applications, whilst retaining the look and feel of the Macintosh and the same ease of use found in all Macintosh products. Users can benefit from MultiFin ders multi-tasking capabilities in a number of ways. For example, at the start of the day, they can open all the applications they typically use so that they have instant access to all their key productivity tools. This saves time and enhances system utility. MultiFinder provides a variety of ways to switch between applications, either by scectne from active appli- cations listed in the ‘Apple’ menu, by clicking in the desired applications window, or double-clicking its icon on the desktop. A small icon in the upper right corner of the screen indicates the application which is currently . File Edit About DAs... Alarm Clock Calculator Camera Chooser Control Panel Find File Untith example, with the Mac 286 card from AST, Macintosh II users can run Lo- tus 1-2-3 under MS-DOS ina Macin tosh, window and copy and paste information directly into a Macintosh application with a few clicks of the mouse. Developers can now create applica- tions that take advantage of MuliFin- ders ability to perform multiple tasks concurrently, such as file processing, electronic mail, terminal emulation, disk backup, data recalculation and data analysis. MultiFinder is compatible with the Macintosh Plus, SE and Macintosh II, as well as the majority of existing Macintosh applications. MultiFinder will be available in the U.K. during the Autumn, and is an integral part of the Macintosh System Software Update which will be in- cluded in all new Macintosh comput- ers from that time. MultiFinder will also be available to existing users . ica MultiFinder J tem 527K in disk 254 Too! MULTIFINOER SYSTEM AS ie) lard Disk T Untitled! Key Caps i Scrapbook L ere. | MICROSOFT WORD 3.4 @ Word 3.03 MMi cricket Drew FR 4 & Finder b| && PageMaker 2.0 }| 4 About MultiFinder [| 4 Tie 4 Cricket Draw I) rash elAsh71 being used. Amaximum of 30 applications can be open simultaneously. limited by the amount of memory available. For optimal use and planning, the Macin- tosh Finder displays the amount of memory used by each application. The ability to concurrently view documents from different applica- tions is particularly useful in desktop publishing where items copied from other applications can be edited by simply moving back to the program that created them. For instance, a graphic pasted into MacWrite can be altered quickly by copying it into an open MacDraw window - without quitting the application. With the appropriate hardware, MultiFinder also makes it possible to concurrently work in and integrate information between different operat- ing systems, such as MS-DOS, For through Apple dealers. Its price will be announced shortly. The System Sofiware Update will include the latest version of the Macintosh System, Finder, MultiFin- der, Apple File Exchange, and new Macintosh utilities and complete documentation, é ImageWriter LQ Apple Computer have announced the ImageWriter LQ, a 27 pin, letter- quality, wide-carriage dot-matrix printer offering versatile paper han- dling to satisfy a broad range of ollice printing needs. The ImageWriter LQ. compatible with Macintosh and Apple II comput ers, rsponds to a demand from busi- ness and education users for a high- quality dot-matrix printer with di- verse paper handling capabilities for such tasks as processing multiple- part forms, printing labels, address- ing envelopes and producing colour- enhanced text and graphics. Its 15- inch carriage can handle full sized spreadsheets and wide forms. The ImageWriter LQ’s 27-pin print head produces letter-quality text and graphics at 216 x 216 dots per inch. It has double the dot density of the ImageWriter II and prints in three modes: draft, near letter-quality and letter-quality. The impact print technology of the ImageWriter LQ accepts multiple- layer forms of up to five pages. Its paper handling capabilities include push tractor and pull tractor mode and bottom feed, which allows pin- feed paper and multiple-part forms to be processed directly beneath the printer, preventing jamming associ- ated with top-through feed. An AppleTalk option allows the Im- ageWriter LQ to be a shared printing device on an AppleTalk network. The ImageWriter LQ can also be config- ured with an optional expandable cut-sheet feeder, enabling unat- tended sheet feeding while operating on a network. The feeder can have up to three bins, allowing a variety of paper to be used, and it has an op- Uonal envelope attachment. Like the ImageWriter II and Laser- Writer, the ImageWriter LQ offers users great flexibility with standard features such as automatic page size reduction, vertical or horizontal ori- entations and cut-sheet feeder bin selection. The ImageWriter LQ also offers a se- lection of Macintosh fonts: Times, Helvetica, Symbol and Courier. Resi- dent, fixed and proportional fonts offer Apple Il owners a variety of styles. Colour printing ts available from Apple II and Macintosh prod- ucts using an optional four-colour ribbon. The ImageWriter LQ will be avial able in the U.K. from November, and fill details of pricing will be an- nounced shortly (A LITTLE FAIRY SAID IT WILL BE AROUND £1000). It will replace the ImageWriter 15". « COMMUNICATIONS Apple Computer has extended the Macintosh computer's communica- tions capabilities with the introduc- tion of three desktop communica- tions products. The Macintosh II EtherTalk Interface Card, Ap- pleShare PC and Apple File Exchange oller integration into other computing environments and allow alternate systems to take advantage of Macin- Page 7 tosh capabilities. EtherTalk Interface Card. The EtherTalk Interface Card pro- vides the Macintosh II with a direct connection to existing Ethernet- based networks, It extends the func- tonality of the AppleTalk architec- ture network by providing a higher- speed alternative cabling system. The EtherTalk Interface Card gives Macintosh II users access to the 10- megabit-per-second Ethernetwork for higher data throughput capabili- tues in data-intensive applications such as transaction processing, data- base processing and technical engi- neering applications. Large workgroups can be accomodated on a single network - up to 254-nodes and 1,000 meters of cabling. An onboard transceiver offers optional use of thin Ethernet coaxial cabling. This product should be shipping by the end of 1987. Price TBA « AppleShare PC When used with the AppleTalk PC Card, AppleShare PC software lets IBM PCs or compatibles share or gain information stored in the AppleShare File Server. Information from the Macintosh and the MS-DOS environ- ments can now be transparently shared, allowing users to integrate MS-DOS documents into Macintosh applications, such as desktop pub- lishing, productivity, and business management. Through AppleShare PC, IBM users can transparently use files from the AppleShare File Server as though they were on local disk. IBM PC users gain access to the AppleShare File Server by using a pop-up menu modeled after a Macin- tosh desk accessory. The memory- resident pop-up window can be opened bu using a ‘hot’ key from within any application, or it can be executed from the command line in the same manner as other MS-DOS applications. A non-windowing com- mand-line interface is also provided. AppleShare PC requires an IBM PC or compatible with a minimum of 384 kilobytes of RAM, MS-DOS version 3.1 or greater, an AppleTalk PC Card and an AppleTalk Connector Kit. This product will be shipping dur. ing the autumn. Price TBA s Apple File Exchange. Apple File Exchange translates files or documents created by an applica- tlon into the format required Be an- other application and gives Macin- Page 8 tosh users the ability to transfer and translate documents created in MS DOS and Apple II Pro-DOSS environ- ments. For example. a document created in DisplayWrite, an MS-DOS application. can be translated into a format that can be used with Mac- Write. Apple File Exchange transfers and translates between Macintosh and MS-DOS environments using the Apple PC 5.25 inch drive or between Macintosh and Apple II Pro-DOS environments eee the Macintosh 3.5 inch (800K floppy), offering greater flexibility in data sharing. It can also be used with the data files transferred to the Macintosh via net- works such as AppleTalk and Ap- pleShare or other communications links, such as modems. Apple File Exchange includes three of the most common translators. The text translator translates bidirection- ally between plain text formats (AS- Cll) of MS-DOS, Pro-DOS and Macin. tosh; binary Is primarily used for transferring documents without modification and allowing them to be imported directly into another appli- cation: and DCA-RFT/MacWrite translator translates bidirectionally between IBM Document Content Architecture / Revisable Form Text - commonly used in the MS-DOS envi- ronment - and MacWrite. Apple File Exchange allows transla- tor configurations to be saved for cus- tomizing the conversion proccess for commonly exchanged documents, and it offers batch translation. which automates the translation of large numbers of files or documents from different applications. Apple File Exchange provides the platform on which third-party devel- opers can build translators. One such translator is MacLink Plus Transla- tors from DataViz Inc., which pro- videws translations from popular MS. DOS word processing, spread sheets, and database programs. The stan- dard architecture provided by Apple File Exchange assures users com- patibility with other translators de- veloped for the Macintosh, Apple File Exchange requires a Macintosh 512k/800, Macintosh Plus, Macintosh SE or Macintosh I. Apple File Exchange, projected for delivery in the autumn, will be in- cluded in the system software of all new Macintosh computers. The in- stalled user base can purchase it as part of a SYSTEM SOFTWARE UP- DATE. Price TBA s The Apple Collection. Following the successful US range of Apple branded products, a selec tion of items including directors chairs and sweatshirts, mugs. disk holders and Filofaxes are now avail- able in the UK through authorised Apple Dealers. « The Chinese Macintosh. Apple Computer International has announced the introduction of Zhongwen Talk, an say aie Chi- nese operating system for the Macin- tosh family. Apple now produces Macintosh in 22 localised versions, including all major European languages, Arabic and Japenese. From its inception, the Macintosh was designed with the international markets in mind. Its unique interface and graphics capa- bilities facilitate the development of software in a variety of languages. “The Chinese Macintosh reinforces Apple's commitment to make tech- nology accessible to individuals around the world,” said Michael Rashkin, general manager of Apple Computer International Ltd in Hong Kong. “the operating system makes the translation of third-party software fast, effortless and inexpensive and it provides an environment for the de- velopement of specific Chinese soft- ware products, It is the most sophis- ticated and flexible Chinese solution on the market today.” Zhongwen Talk allows for input and output in Chinese on any Macintosh personal computer. It offers users the choice of several input methods, in cluding the standard Pin Yin phonetic method as wellas stroke ordering and coding systems, which take full ad- vantage of the intuitive Macintosh user interface. Zhongwen Talk also features a built in dictionary of 6,763 Chinese characters and the potential for users to create thousands more. The Zhongwen Talk operating system is available in both simplified (mod- ern) and standard (traditional) char- acter versions. « Gassee on the way UP! Apple Computer Inc have promoted Jean-Louis Gassee from vice-presi- WS BYTES NE- WWO DT dent of product developement to sen ior vice-president of research and development. To coincide with the promotion, the company has made organisational changes to combine it’s advanced technology and product developement groups under Gassee's leadership. 2 An Optomistic Outlook Apple chairman and chief executive officer, John Sculley told security analysts that he expects revenues for the company's fourth fiscal quarter, which will end on 25th September 1987, to be in the range of between $725 million and $750 million, an increase of over 40 per cent over the same quarter a year ago. Speaking at the company’s quarterly review meet- ing with analysts in Palo Alto, Califor- nia, Sculley said he expected “good profits” for the fourth quarter. He said his outlook for 1988 was Papeete OTHER NEWS Database goes USA bound. Database Software has announced a deal with ShareData, pioncers of budget software in the States, to pro- mote the best of British and European software developments in the USA market. « SMARTPAD from Blyth Blyth have introduced a new desk accessory for the Mac which stores and retreives textual data in a note pee form. Each SmartPad page can jave up to 32000 characters, and a fast search routine finds all pages containing the words or strings you specify. This makes it ideal asa jotter, diary, database, reference book or whatever you want it to be. It will be on sale at £49.00, « Lode RunnerScreens Disk MGA Micro Systems of Tenterden now have in stock a Screens Disk for Apple // Lode Runner and Champi onship Load Runner containing 150 user-created screens to bring new variety to this splendid game. Price is £6.95 inclusive of VAT and pp. Levco & SuperMac Merge LeveoInc., a developer of Macintosh enhancement products, has been aquired by Scientific Micro Systems, and will merge its product line with their SuperMac Technology division. Levco are well known for their mem- ory and upgrade boards for the Mac, and SuperMac manufacture the large screen colour monitor for the Mac II, and the DataFrame hard disk sys- tems. @ Computer Images Show On October 14th the Film Festival will be held at the Wembley Confer- ence Centre to find the best in com puter-animaled images and effects. Entrics from nine countries will com- pete ina total ofeight different catego- ries and will be judged by an interna- tional panel. é DeskTop Publishing Show The Business Design Centre, Isling ton will stage the Desktop Publishing Show from 15 to 17th October. All the major forces in DTP will be repre- sented including Apple, IBM, Lino- type, McQueens and Heyden & Sons. A full programme of seminars will be run during the period of the show. e OMNIS Express Blyth have released Omnis Ex press, a program to make the creation of new Omnis 3 Plus applications much simpler for the user. The pro- gram automatically creates file for- mats, entry layouts and reports, and claims (o cut by half the time spent in production, and is a valuable help to the newcomer to Omnis 3 program- ming. The price is £49.00 to regis- tered Omnis 3 Plus users. s Crossword Puzzles Solve some of the original cross- words from The New York Times with this program for the Apple // ma- chines. Available from MGA Micro Systems it has a ‘special clues’ func- tion to help you, and built-in word checker, Price is £19.99 plus VAT. DTP Show is a free copy of the Desk- top Publishing Yearbook containing practical articles, and information on all the latest hardware and software in the DTP market. The book will be available from booksellers at FM, DTE takes off. DeskTop Engineering Systems, the first third-party company to deal exclusively in Macintosh engineering solutions has been set up by the Stanhope Group. The company has already secured the exclusive rights to a number of DeskTop Engineering products now available. These in- clude, MGM Station CAD, MGM Sta- tion CADCAM, ArchiCAD, Dimen- sions, McCAD Schematics, MCAD SMT/PCB Design, Simul and Pa- rameter Manager Plus. For further details contact DeskTop Engineering Systems. Tel (0895) 637037 Ready, Set, Go 4. Letraset UK have announced they will release Ready Sct Go 4 at the DeskTop Publishing Show in Octo- ber. It has over eighty new features and these include Hi-Resolution Graph- ics, bigger pages (up to 99 x 99 inches), and style sheets. Some of the poor features of RSG 3 have been improved. There are new Tab facilities, facing pages and glos saries. You will be able to view this en- hanced software at the DTP Show. é ImageStudio ImageStudio is designated as an Image Processing System which goes far beyond the normal ‘paint’ type programs in manipulationg images produced by scanners, ImageStudio gives the user camera- ready art work from scanned images and will be launched at the DTP Show in October. DTP Yearbook One of the benefits of going to the | Dealers/Distributors - send any news to the P.O.Box. Enclose any graphic/ picture for added exposure of your news or new products. Page 9 High Level Communications Macintosh to IBM / VAX / Other networks. Interested? Why not come along to our FREE seminar? Andy Seymore of Apple Computer will be givin, a lecture on this highly complex subject. It wil include a formal afternoon session and two informal sessions where YOU can find out abouth this important subject. FRIDAY 27th November 1987 The AppleCentre - Business Design Centre Islington, London. Time Informal Sessions 1000-1200 & 1700-1900 Formal Session at 1400 First Come First Served - Book now at the PO. Box or by phone m= VMACTEL = THE EUROPEAN BBS FOR MACINTOSH USERS: NOW MULTI-USER V21/22/22bis/23 | 8 BIT - NO PARITY - 1 STOP - FULL WASTE: Hj GR eiaeia “SPECTRAGRAM” — INTELLIGENT RGB COLOUR CARD FOR APPLE II & Ie 255 user — definable colours ~ 16 text/foreground colours 16 full flood background colours — reduces or removes colour anomalies — colour under full software control — commands in programs can change colour while running — simple pseudo- animation of graphics by changing colours without re-plotting — included monitor cable and demonstration disc with utility programs to control colours — extensive manuals explains I prooramirns, animation, true 3D pictures. Now only £75 | RGB COLOUR CONVERTER FOR Ile & Ic (TTL OR LINEAR) | Plug in module for /e connects to slot of the mother board OR | plugs to video socket of IIc — no additional power supply required — XR XG XB X4 TTL available - SOFTWARE | TRANSPARENT - high definition, saturation & sharpness 240 useful combinations of colours — switch selectable functions: 16 foreground/text colours : 16 full flood background colours - DUOCHROME - cleans up fuzzy hi-res | text — solid or striped video reduces fringes. | Reduced to £65 Prices are exclusive of VAT (Postage £1.50) KEYZONE LTD aunt me toe Gate caw | U14, Acton Business Centre, PRE Bab School Road, Park Royal, London NW10 6TD Kavzene Tel: (1-965 1684/1804 Tix: 8813271 J Adobe Illustrator £454.25 Works £230.50 Witness £32.99 Basic Compiler £165.00 Write Now £145.03 Wordstar Pro lle £438.90 Basic Interpreter £82.50 Balance of Power £29.65 Wordstar 3.33 CP/M Ile £324.50 Copy Il Mac £44.85 Bureaucracy £38.49 Zork 1 £32.99 Double Helix £544.25 Colossus Chess £32.95 Accelerator - Titan Tech £224.25 Excel £285.23 Copy Il Plus £55.00 Accelerator - Transwarp £286.35 Flight Simulator Il £39.10 Cut-throats £32.99 AST 2000 20MB+29MB biu Hard = £2,194.50 Fontastic £43.95 Dazzle Draw £55.00 16K Buffer - Orange Micro £16.50 Fontastic Plus £82.45 —F-15 Strike Eagle £24.15 Champ Parallel Printer Card £53.90 Fontographer £378.35 Hacker £32.99 CPIM Plus System - Cirtech lle £132.00 Fullpaint £108.90 —_Hitch-Hickers Guide £32.99 CP/M Program Pack lle Cirtech £97.90 Jazz-Lotus £316.25 Multi-plan V1.7 £104.50 CPM llc Cirtech £132.00 Just Text £224.25 — Multi-Scribe GS £108.90 CPM Program Pack Cirtech £97.90 Lightspeed C £165.50 — Multi-Scribe 2.0 £75.90 CP/M Plus Wordstar/lic Cirtech £308.00 Lightspeed Pascal £121.00 Paintworks Plus GS £38.25 Grappler llc - Orange Micro £119.90 Mac 3-D Ver 2 £217.55 Print Shop £43.99 Microstar 10MB b/u - AST £1,650.00 MacPalette £53.90 Shanghai £27.49 Plusram 256K RAM Cirtech £94.30 Paintworks £38.45 — Skyfox £19.75 Plusram Extra 1MB RAM Cirtech £188.60 PictureBase £48.30 Solo Flight £21.95 280 Card Il+ Cintech £49.50 Quark Express £684.25 — Spellbreaker £32.99 780 Card Ile Cirtech £49.50 Reflex £72.45 TASS Times - GS £27.49 780 Card + CP/M lle/+/GS £143.75 Sargon 3 £44.00 USAAF. £32.99 Nightingale Modem V21/23 £96.53 Silicon Press £82.45 — Vicom-Comms Software £86.25 Linnet Modem Auto D/A V21/23 £136.00 ‘Super Paint £87.02 VIP Professional cle £218.90 Pace Series 4 M.2123S/V21/23 £261.33 Text Effects £1044.50 VIP Professional GS £251.85 Pace Series 4 M.1200S/V21/2/3 £411.14 Thunderscan Digitizer £273.90 Visualiser ce £86.90 Pace 4 M.2400S V21/3/2/2Bis £514.18 Vicom V2.4 £155.25 Visualiser GS £97.90 Data Highway V2.0 £67.85 Word Version 3 £290.95 — Wishbringer £32.99 Mastercard II £79.35 Prestel Colour Palette £79.35 RADCOM SYSTEMS 10 Gedge Close, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk IP33 2HD Tel: 0284 704923 (24 hrs) —- _ | Page 10 Doc u mM e nt ‘The best to spellt = iB to spell Checker Nigel Bradley tears up his dictionary and goes electronic with the latest Spell Checker from Pinpoint. DOCUMENT CHECKER comple- ments PINPOINT Desktop Accesso- ries (reviewed in this issue) . It is a stand alone program as opposed to being an accessory accessed via the PINPOINT menu. The package includes a small but comprehensive manual and a double sided disk. One side holds the main program whilst the other side holds the dictionaries. The dictionaries are the same ones as used by the PINPOINT SPELLING CHECKER reviewed in the August 87 edition of Apple 2000 magazine.. The DOCUMENT CHECKER can carry out individual or batch checks on AppleWorks word processing files, AppleWriter text files or ASCII text files of any size. After booting the disk a main menu appears from which four options are available. * View/check documents * Other activities * Set configuration defaults . Quit Use the up/down arrow keys or press the initial letter of an option to select that option. CONFIGURATION DEFAULTS This allows the user to set the de- fault directory of the dictionaries by either slot and drive number or by ProDOS pathname. You can aslo set the following par. ametres: * The name of the auxiliary dictionary. ¢ The marking character (see later) * The omit line character (see later) * Duplicate word checking on or off * Interactive document checking on or off OTHER ACTIVITIES This allows the user to set the de- fault directory of the documents. * — List files in current directory ¢ List all volumes on line * Delete files from the disk VIEW/CHECK DOCUMENTS This is where the real work is done. Another menu allows selection of Checking a document, Viewing a document or Examining the word cache contents. Selection of Check a document pro vides a catalog of the disk containing the documents. Assuming that Inter- active checking is ON then a display will show: Document check in prog- ress (interactive mode), the number of files to check and the amount of the file to check in percentage. As the document checker finds incorrect words the user has the op- tions of adding the word to the auxil- jary dictionary, ignoring the word, editing the word or accepting a word that has been suggested. Apart from the obvious words it will suggest words with the first two characters reversed or words that it suspects should be split. e.g if it finds a word like ‘pathname’ it will put a space between ‘path’ and ‘name’ and sug- gest this spelling. If Duplicate word check’ is ON then DOCUMENT CHECKER will also show duplicate words as suspected errors, 1.e. Apple 2000 is is the best ever Apple mag. (I[can'tremember how many times I've done this). When the document has been checked, a summary for the docu- ment appears. This summary shows the following: How many lines checked, how many words checked, how many suspect words found, how many correct words found, how many words learned, how many words ig- nored, how many corrections made and finally how many words in the vocabulary. At this time the opportunity to save any corrections is given; should the user choose SAVE then the corrected documentis saved to the disk with the same name as the original unchecked document and the original un- checked document will have a '.B’ appended to it. At this time a warnin, is given that the document may nee reformatting. (see later) Assuming that interactive checking is OFF then the DOCUMENT CHECKER will check the document as above but will not stop on any €rrors encountered. At the end of the document check, a file called DOCUMENT.LOG is saved to the disk. This file is an ASCII text file and contains a list of words that DOCU- MENT CHECKER suspects are er- rors. This file can be viewed from the View a document option on the menu or can be converted to an AppleWorks word processor file and the errors can then be manually corrected. If this file contains no valid errors then of course no further action is necessary. If it contains valid errors then check the document again with interactive checking switched ON. This non interactive checking is a useful feature when batch checking files (batch checking of up to 20 files is possible). You can even go and have a quick pint and check the DOCUMENT.LOG file when you come back! Each file checked will produce a new heading surrounded by **** ‘s in the DOCUMENT.LOG file so it is easy to see which errors belong to which document. REFORMATTING. The reformatting of a document is due to the fact that DOCUMENT CHECKER adds a ‘marking’ charac- ter into the checked file at the place where the correction was made. It ts very casy to reformat the document, go back to AppleWorks and replace the ‘marking’ character with ‘noth- ing’. The standard ‘marking’ characteris ‘~' TILDE (the funny squiggly line to the leftof the ‘RETURN’ key). . The only other character which has a special meaning to DOCUMENT CHECKER is the full stop. This is termed the ‘omit line’ character. When a full stop is placed at the beginning of a line of text this forces DOCUMENT CHECKER to ignore this line . Quite handy when using AppleWriter printer commands or when a line of text contains initials or hexadecimal numbers which will be flagged as errors when in fact they are correct. SPEED. DOCUMENT CHECKER will check atarate of 20 words per second (that's slow I hear you gasp) . But this rate it is claimed will be uprated to 150 words per second (PHEW!!!) due to the word cache. Whilst checking a document, the word cache (empty at the start) is filling up with all the words in the document and therefore DOCUMENT CHECKER “remembers” every word in the document. This increases the speed of checking files because DOCUMENT CHECKER looks at the word cache before looking at the dic- tionaries to check words. Each document checked during a session will keep adding words to the cache and therefore the more docu- ments checked the larger the cache and the faster the checking. Page 11 CONCLUSIONS This isavery handy program indeed for anyone who writes lots of letters or management reports etc. (You don't want the boss to find out that youcan’t spell) . ‘The main problem with this pack- age is the Main dictionary file. It is the same one that {s used with the PIN- POINT SPELLING CHECKER and is full of American spellings which causes valid English spellings to be flagged as errors and therefore slows down the document checking until all English spellings are learned and added to the Auxiliary dictionary. PINPOINT please note:— It is about time that an English dictionary be made available or at least the facility to modify the existing Main dictionary. To get full benefit from this program I would suggest that a RAM drive is needed and that the program should be called up from the PINPOINT RUNRUN Desktop Manager (see Pin- point Toolkit review) to facilitate fast switching from AppleWorks to DOCUMENT CHECKER then back to AppleWorks for printing the corrected document. All in all another very good PIN: POINT product, SUMMARY The summary produced by DOCU- MENT CHECKER for this review was as follows: *® 157 lines checked. 1160 words checked. 5 suspect words found. 1152 words correct. 0 words learned. 6 words ignored. 2 words corrected. 365 words in vocabulary. The check time was 1 minute and 8 seconds The words ignored were ...-uprated, squiggly, reformat, mag, phew, and reformatting. The words corrected were Sits eee a missed an ‘n') and don't (I forgot the apostrophe) Asecond check was made after the word cache had collected the words from this document and the check time was 24 seconds. (that's fast) According to AppleWorks this docu- ment is 9k in size. Obviously this summary was not included in the check. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS You will require one of the following machines to run this program and as indicated above it is desirable to have extra RAM fitted. e = APPLE //e Enhanced. * APPLE //c. «APPLE IIGS. ‘ Ed's Note: The ‘summary’ details are for normal Apple II output. Page 12 GS TIPS by Graham Attwood WHERE’S THAT DRIVE GONE? Normally the 3.5" drives (daisy chained to the drive port) are to be found as Slot 5 Drive 1 and Slot 5 Drive 2. However, when you set up a /RAM drive from the Control Panel this puts itself in the Slot 5 Drive 2 position and becomes /RAM5. Your second 3.5” drive which is often used as a data disk is now to be found in Slot 2 Drive 1, which may not be where your software expects it find it. Pascal for instance will not see Slot 2 as a disk drive. The moral is to set the RAM disk to zero if it is not needed for an application, or to refer toa volume by pathname rather than by its ap parent physical slot location. WATCH OUT Keep your eyes open for some new software for the GS to be available following release at AppleFest in San Francisco during September. Highly recommended is Mean 18, which Is a golf game like MacGolf but in colour and with sound - very de- manding but great fun. Also expected soon are Silent Service and Gunship for the games enthusiast. There are even rumours that the GS Finder will be around soon - don't hold your breath, it may just be a rumour! APPLE II/PC Applied Engineering are launching their PC Transporter card (afterall the ‘Little Blue’ rumours it is actually info Product: Document Checker Publisher: Pinpoint Available from: Bidmuthin Technologies. P O Box 264 Harrow Middx HA3 SAY Price: £69:00 Value : ddddd Performance : Pitty Documentation : éddd happening), which puts a 7.2MHz MSDOS processor into the Apple // machine. The card includes both 3.5” and 5.25" drive controllers, 640K RAM and CGA hardware, with a socket for a maths coprocessor. Now you can run IBM software on the Apple, and with the right drives move data from one format to the other. The price in the States will be around $500, which I guess will be £550 by the time it gets here. UPGRADES FOR THE GS Owners of earlier IIGS machines should by now have been advised by Apple of two free upgrades available from any Apple dealer. The ROM upgrade corrects some minor bugs and gives some extra features for future software releases, A new Video Graphic Controller chip (VGC) has been needed to cure display problems in text and double hi-res modes. That pink fringing effect on Mousedesk and other programs should be gone forever. If you have not been notified of the upgrade and have not had a recent motherboard swop contact your Apple dealer quoting your machine serial number. He will tell you if the upgrade is required. KEY COMBINATIONS From the frequent discussions I have with new owners of GS machines, I find there is a lot of confusion over the accessing of the control panels and other functions from the keyboard, Here are some of the common ones - Control Panel O-Apple + Ctrl + press Esc Change slots, display, clock, /RAM etc. Master Control Panel Master Control Option + Ctrl + hold down and release Reset. Reset system to default settings. Self Test Option + O-Apple + Ctrl + hold/re- lease Reset. Tests machine routine , RAM and screens. Cold Boot O-Apple + Ctrl + hold down and re- lease Reset Restart and reboot. Warm Boot Ctrl + hold down and release Reset Halt program and usually quits to Basic. MultiScribe GS Graham Attwood asks —‘is this MacWrite for the Apple IlIGS?’ When the Macintosh first came out, one if the few programs that were provided with it was a word- processing package called MacWrite. It did not claim to do anything spec- tacular in terms of wordprocessing, but it made the most of all the advan- tages of the Mac environment - true WYSIWYG on screen, mouse control, icons and pull down menus. The fact that it was easy to learn and to use, has kept It as one of the Mac programs still in regular use. and often reverted to when one of the latest fancy pack- ages seems too complex for simple text preparation or letter writing. With the advent of the new GS machine with its Mac-like screen handling and mouse operation, there was pbuously an opening for a Mac- Write type of wordprocessor to do a similar Job for the GS. MultiScribe Styleware having successfully pro- moted their MultiScribe program for the Apple // took up the challenge of designing a similar product for the GS. Their Apple // version was proba- bly the first wordprocessor on the // machines to give a true WYSIWYG display on the screen, and with its wide range of fonts and mouse con- trol, it left behind the Apple Writer and AppleWorks types of programs with their embedded text formattin; commands and awkward keyboa: editing. Dave Ward reviewed the //e version of MultiScribe in the June edition, so here I will try to outline the similari- ties and differences of the GS version, Screen layout The screen is arranged like the Mac witha menu bar along the top, ascroll bar on the right, and the document taking the rest of the space. You can resize the document area by clicking on the bottom righthand corner and dragging the document to a new size. This only becomes necessary when you want more than one document in view on the desktop to take informa- tion from one and copy it into another. Editing Almost all text manipulations are done with the mouse, for example, by positioning the input cursor and clicking the button you can start text entry from that point. You make changes to existing text by Selecting the relevant letter/word/paragraph by dragging the cursor (with mouse button down) across the parts to be changed, and once selected, altera tions can be made to the font type, size, colour or style. Selected text can be cut, copied and pasted to and from the clipboard. The find/replace option allows you to make changes selectively” or throughout the whole document, and can be set to take account of upper/ lower case letters. Formatting The format of the text is controlled by the settings on a Ruler and affects tabs, indents for paragraphs, justifi- cation and line spacing. A ruler changes the settings for all text up to the next ruler. If part way through a document a new ruler is inserted then later you want to revert to the earlier settings, the simplest way is to Copy the original ruler and paste it into the new position which saves having to recreate all the tab settings again. Working with a document which has several rulers tends to restrict the amount of text space on the screen because each ruler is quite large. A menu option lets you display all rul- ers or hide them all from view; unfor- tunately you cannot have some on and some off. Fonts-types-sizes The Font menu lists 10 different fonts, and the Size menu shows sizes from 8 to 24 points, but the actual number of useable font/size combi- nations is limited to 24 because onl certain sizes are available in eac! font. For some strange reason, when a passage of text is selected and the size menu opened, all of the point sizes appear to be available t.e. show in black whereas non-existent sizes should be dimmed. Also the current font should be ‘ticked’ in the font menu but it is left blank. This makes itdifficult to find out what the current settings are and whether the changes you are making are having an effect. Once the text is deselected both these menus work fine. | must admit that this fault is mentioned by Styleware in the fly-sheet they included in the manual, but they do not say why it is so - apparently all will be OK on the new version when that comes out. There is no font editor as there is on the Apple // version, which ts a great pity. No doubt someone will come up with a font building utility for the GS, and | believe there will be ways to convert fonts from other applications and put them on the GS, but thatisin the future. Style - Colour ‘Text can be shown in colour on the screen, and printed in colour on an ImageWriter II. Your choice is limited toa menu of 8 colours; even so, some of these do not not show up very easily on the white background, so it is best to stick to the darker colours. There are three style enhancements tothe gtandare fonts that can be used to make the text more prominent - Bold, Italics, and tiidadine Two other styles - Shadow and Outline - which featured on MacWrite and Multiscribe // are missing, which again is disappointing and suggests they have had problems with the fonts for the GS. Multiple Windows You can have up to 12 documents open at one time but they normally lay one on top of another so that those other than the current one are hidden from sight. Fortunately there is a command available under the Op- tions menu to'stack' the windows to reveal those underneath. Any select- ed document automatically comes to the top of the stack. Saving - Loading You save a document to disk in el- ther of two types of file - formatted and plain ASCII. You would normally save as a MultiScribe file since you would want to retain the formatted setting and font selections. The alternative save as ASCII text produces a file which can be read by other GS pro- g ‘ams e.g. AppleWorks, or can be sent y electronic mail via a communica- tions program. Printing Ofcourse the most important aspect of any wordprocessor is how it pres- ents the output on paper; after all, the ually of the printed result Is usually one of the main objectives of using a computer for the job. MultiScribe GS has two potential output devices, the Imagewriter and the Laserwriter. Output is automati- cally directed to the built-in serial port, and there is no option toaddress a slot resident card or non-Apple printers. The Imagewriter II print quality is Page 13 good for a dot matrix printer, and quite acceptable for normal corre- spondence, but ifa better standard is required, for instance ifthe document is to be subsequently printed for pub- lication, then the extra quality of 300 dpion the Laserwriter is what is need- ed. Unfortunately, the Laserwriter driv- ers were not activated on the version Being distributed at the time of writ ing this review, so the performance in this area could not be judged, but there is no reason to think that it would be other than indistinguish- able from that of MacWrite. Clock A clock desk accessory is included on the program disk and can be called up by clicking on the apple symbol on the menu bar. The time and date are picked up from the GS on-board clock and being interupt driven are con- tinuously updated unless another activity, e.g. the mouse, is using the interupt. The only problem with the clock is that it behaves as if it were a window and gets covered up as soon as an- other text window is selected - the current window is always brought to the front of the desktop stack. If you want it visible you have to resize the current document leaving a space for the clock; it would have been nicer if you could pop it out of the way on the unused end of the menu bar. Version 2.0 Since the distributed version is ad- mitted by StyleWare to be less than perfect, they offer a free upgrade to version 2.0 which will have, the proper printer drivers, a few bugs eliminated, and I hope a better method of launching the program. The drivers are rumoured to be near to release so it should not be too long before the new version is around: in the meantime, if you have an Image- writer then the program Is quite use- able, Conclusion Some of the "Undocumented Fea- tures’ (a polite way of saying ‘bugs’) 1 have come across are, firstly, when two lines of text were of different sizes. the ‘leading’ (the space between them) should be determined by the first line. I found the reverse to be true. giving a wider than expected gap between lines. Another problem concerned zenaing in ASCII text files created on another program leWorks). I was amazed to see ries capital I's were missing - nothing else, just the I's. MultiScribe GS looks very Mac-like in use, and has most of the features of MacWrite. The new version 2.0 should put right the deficiencies in the current release, and since this will be free there is no reason to defer buy- ing the program which in other re- spects works well. ‘ Page 14 Tips & Techniques A selection of tips to help the Apple Il User. Apple Ile Technical Manual If you are trying to move an area of memory between the primary 64k and the 64k on the memory card you should be aware that the location stated by the manual ts wrong. The manual states that AUXMOVE starts at location C311, but the location is actually C312. Thanks to Bob Platt of WAP. Checking the BASIC language version If you are working in machine code and you need to check from within the program to see which version of BASIC is in motherboard ROM, sim- ply add the following code to your program: STA $C080 ; to access the moth erboard LDA $E000 Integer BASIC ts in ROM if the accu. mulator equals $20, Applesoft is in ROM if the accumulator equals oa. eeeeeeseeeeeeeee info Product : Multiscribe GS Publisher: — StyleWare Inc Available from: MGA MicroSystems Bidmuthin Technologies Apple Dealers £89.99 Price: dada eee éddd Value : Performance : Documentation : Self test on the Apple IIGS Control-Option-Open_Apple-N Try the above key combination when you have the ‘rolling apple’ on the screen (Check Startup Device!) Spreadsheet tip To calculate the number of weekdays between two dates, you will probably want to set aside a couple of cells in your spreadsheet. It is calculated as follows: Weeks = INT((date2 - date1)/7) DoW1 = MAX(MOD(datel - 1,7),2) DoW2 = MIN(MOD(date2 - 3),7),4)+2 DoWDiff = IF(DoW1 < DoW2, DoW2 - DoW1, 5 - (DoW1 - Dow2)) WecekDays = 5 * Weeks + DoWDiff A couple of comments are in order, Weeks is simply the number of full weeks between the two dates. There will be 5 weekdays in each of these weeks. The Day of Week numbers are calcu- lated on the scale O = Saturday 1 junday 2 = Monday é= Friday so the calculation for DoW1 pushes the day up to Monday if it falls on a weekend. Likewise the DoW2 pushes it down to a Friday for weekend days. At this point you have two days of the week between Monday and Friday. If they are in the same week (DoW1 < DoW2) you compute the difference. If they are in adjacent weeks, you com- pute the complement of the differ- ence. These formulae need to be modified slightly if you want the cal- culation to include the final day (the version above excludes it). Members Tips Wanted We welcome members tips - send details in so that other can bencfit. Best Tip received by October 3lst wins a £10 voucher for Shop2000 items. 3.5 Inch, 800K Drives ONLY £195 FOR MACINTOSH £269 FOR APPLE //E Compatible with Macintosh, IIcs, //e and Laser 128! Now you can add 800K of Apple compatible storage to your Mac or Apple Il at an affordable price. These 3.5 inch drives are func- tionally identical to Apple's 3.5 half as much! Works with a Macintosh: These 3.5 inch drives directly connect to a Mac SE, Mac Plus or Mac 512 enhanced computer through the external drive port. No interface card is necessary. Ideal Drives for an Apple II: Our 3.5 inch drives connect to an Apple //e, Apple II Plus, Apple llcs, or Laser 128 via our “Universal Disk Controller” This remarkable interface card allows you to connect two 3.5 inch drives for a total of 1.6 mega- bytes of Apple Unidisk 3.5 compatible disk storage. Works with a IIGs Using our Universal Disk Controller, connect two of these 3.5 inch drives to your Ilas at a savings of over $300! and Macintosh drives but cost __ Now super quiet—includes LED “in-use” light! Available Now! Call today and order your 3.5 inch disk drives. Find out just how inexpensive it can be to add an 800K disk to your Apple! MGA MICROSYSTEMS IG T . ane Ral Eh TN30 6HT ENGLAND TEL; 05806-4278 TLX: 8950511 ONEONE G (BOX 13311001) COMPUTER SOFTWARE & ACCESSORIES 3.5" 800K DISK DRIVES Drive only (for Mac) £195.00 Universal Disk Controller £95.00 Drive plus card £269.00 10 blank 3.5 DS disks £16.99 Copy Hl Plus (smart filer) £34.99 UniDOS Plus (DOS 3.3) £27.99 UniMate (CP/M & Pascal) £27.99 Central Point Software INCORPORATED COPY n PLUS y BARGAIN _COMBOs Drive plus card with Copy Il Plus £289- Two drive plus card 439- Two drives plus card with Copy II Plus & 20 blank disks (prices exclude p&p/VAT) 489- eg Page 15 Apple 2000 LocahGroup Update Our August issue listed twenty eight groups/clubs, this issue lists thirty one. Two of the latest additions are in process of forming and the third one as apparently been established for some time. O.K. greed (in my case) knows no bounds, lets find or start some more! New Groups The club which is already in exis- tence is based on the Apple dealer in Poole (Dorset), at time of writing have not been able to obtain an accurate address or contact for this group but we shall have them available by the next issue. The Poole group is appar- ently a Macintosh one which may be a sign of it being dealer originated. I should be able to call in and find out during September, meanwhile don't delay folks, I've visited the Poole dealer before and they were a friendly bunch. Dorset Apple users who don’t want Macintosh oriented groups need not despair however, Ron Hoare is an Apple IIc user in Dorchester who wants to start a user group in that area, There must be more Apple users in that area, some years ago I used to spend time in an Apple deal ers premises in Weymouth during my holidays. Alas that dealer was not to be found during recent years but they sold some machines while they were there and they can't all have van- ished. Apple users of Dorset unite, you have nothing to lose but your isolation, and a lot to gain by ex- change of information as well as good companionship. Don't forget that we don't transport people these days, even if they are Apple users from qlee! Ron Hoare will be pleased to discuss Apple matters with anyone who cares to telephone or write to Page 16 By Tom Wright him. Count two for Dorset. Southampton is another area where I had not previously been able to find anyone running a group. Geoff Parsons is interested in starting a Macintosh group in the Southampton area and already has two other con- tacts. Geoff is a consultant Psycholo- pet and is therefore well qualified to eep an eye on any of the more ex- treme Apple related oddities that may manifest themselves. Geoff already has premises available for meetings so everybody who contacts him can look forward to a fairly easy start to the group. Geoff also has some expe- rience of clubs from when he was in New Zealand which will be a great help. | suggest that users of Apples other than Macintosh derivatives contact Geoff as he sound keen enough to encourage ALL Apple us- ers. All Change ! For the next issue I hope to rear- range the group list of contacts to reflect the difference between Apple anything groups, Mac groups, Apple II groups and multiple interest groups. As well as list even more orchards for all Apple2000 friends convenience. My notes about newsletters in the last issue prompted some enquiries which have led to my provision of the following brief notes. User group members generally comprise a very mixed range of interests. Hobbyists are often the largest pro- portion of a group but “business” users appear to be increasing in pro- portion. Apart from the hobbyist/ business user interest ranges there are other significant differences which have to be catered for in a successful group. Long established groups sometimes forget that some of their members have only just started out with their Apples, their require- ments are those “basic things” thatwe all take for granted after the first few months (eg what is/are D.O.S and ProDOS? What is hex? Why is there more than one programming lan- guage? etc. etc). Some people have no interest at all in programming, they simply want to learn about commer- cial application packages. Many us- ers have no interest in games and are unlikely to return to a group where games are the main activity. A small number of users are very interested in music via computers, a larger num- ber are interested in graphics, anda very small minority are interested in so called Communications. The number of group members who are genuincly very advanced in terms of machine language programming etc. appears to be fairly small. When plan- ning your group's timetable don't fall into the trap of pleasing a small num- ber of people most of the time. Of course there is always the problem of finding out what the members want from the group, but thats a story in intself and there is no easy answer to that problem. I seem to have been almost totally occupied with work of one kind or another during the last few months and as a result have not been able to contact many groups, hopefully I can remedy this state of affairs soon. Enjoy your groups and don't forget that they represent the cheapest form of user training and help that you are likely to find anywhere. « Let Tom know of your local group activities. if you want to start a new local group Tom can help you - give him a ring p him a line. Telephone (iii2#F Fit MICROSERVE (047 485) 4311 | (FAULT CALL HOTLINE) MICROCOMPUTER ENGINEERING. FORMAT - 80 : ENHANCED WORD PROCESSING SO ADVANCED ANYONE CAN USE IT FORMAT - 80: SCIENTIFIC 2 le (a-B) (a+B) Ny 2 N, ————<—_———_ 9x | Yan+x True scientific word processing on //e, //c, //GS. Supports Ima- geWriter, Spinwriter and Epson compatible printers. MULTILINGUAL FORMAT - 80 aatall gl cls epqaailll Leila FORMAT - PC The logical choice if you choose an IBM compatible. All the sim- plicity of FORMAT - 80 with even more power, £245 A discount off this price is of- fered to FORMAT - 80 users and a data transfer service is available. ELITE SOFTWARE COMPANY 4 Hawthyland Drive Hailsham East Sussex BN27 1HE Telephone: (0323) 845898 Page 17 FORTRAN In the second part of this series we look at the oldest and most long-lived of languages. The name FORTRAN derives from the phrase ‘formula translation’. FOR- TRAN was developed in 1955 by IBM as a means of allowing mathemati- cians to formulate problems without resorting to assembly code. As the name suggests it translates these specially-coded formulae into the required machine code. Although originally a mathematical language. FORTRAN is the first main- stream general purpose language to be implemented on a computer. Its main applications, though, still lie in the mathematical fleld. Most large mathematical software is written in FORTRAN along with much numeri cal modelling systems and virtually all large graphics packages. The more unkind amongst us maintain that FORTRAN allows mathematicians to screw up the computer in a way previously pos- sible only with the most devious of assembly code. I think that this is rather unfair. FORTRAN, like some of the other ‘more mature’ languages, has been under some quite consider- able criticism recently. Possibly this is because it is no longer the newest. most ‘gee-whizz’, language with the most bells and whistles. I am sure, though, that after some of these wonder-languages have been forgot- ten, FORTRAN will still be with us- not least because it has such a huge user-base. The cost of throwing out all the millions of FORTRAN applica- tions would be astronomical. In its history FORTRAN has under- gone four major revisions. The origi- nal FORTRAN was standardised into FORTRAN-II and then FORTRAN-IV in the 1960s (I don’t know what hap- pened to FORTRAN-III). In 1966 FOR- TAN-66 was defined. This is based upon FORTRAN-IV but included character handling. Until recently F -66 was the most common version. In 1977 the International Standards Organisation issued the latest standard for FORTRAN: FOR- TRAN-77 which introduced a stan- dard method of file handling and other advances. There Is talk of the newest version of FORTRAN: FOR- TRAN-8X but it looks as ff it will not appear before the turn of the decade. Originally FORTRAN was entered via punched cards. This fs still evi- dent in its source code format shown in table 1. Column six is used to Page 18 indicate a continuation line should a acy statement be too long for one line. This is done by inserting a non- space or non-zero character in this position on the continuation line or lines. A comment is indicated by an alphabetic character, usually C, in column one. cause I don't know either. Double precision variables are twice as long as their normal forms thus increasing their resolution. FORTRAN is very flexible in defining the lengths of variables: the program- mer is free to define the actual lengths of variables in byte-sized increments thus: CHARACTER*80 CHARSO INTEGER*2 INTEGER2BYTE LOGICAL*1 LOGICALIBYTE REAL*S REALSBYTE FORTRAN can have arrays of any of the above types. Because there are so many types, special declarative statements, like those above, must be included in the code to tell the compiler what vari- ables are of what type. This is called EXPLICIT TYPING. FORTRAN also has a form of IMPLICIT TYPING, Un- less otherwise stated FORTRAN will assume that all new variables begin- columns: 1-5 6 labels use: line continuation A FORTRAN program is split into segments. Each segment contains a subprogram which can either be a subroutine or a function. The vari- ables in each subprogram arc local to that subprogram: there are no such things as true global variables. There are two ways which data can be ex- changed between subprograms: parameters and ‘common blocks'- more about these later. Segmentation Is a very useful fea- ture because various segments can be in seperate source files. FORTRAN allows them to be compiled seperately and linked together at a later time. It allows for libraries of FORTRAN sub- routines to be easily built up. This is the first example of a ‘modular pro- 7-72 73+ program comments statements Table 1 ning with I to N are integer and all other variables are real. Implicit typ- ing can be spread to other variable Eee as well. This has one major raw-back: unless implicit typing has been disabled, any new variable will automatically be created and typed depending upon the first letter of its name. Many a bug has been caused by a careless programmer mistyping a variable’s name. Unfor- tunately many FORTRAN compilers have not the facility for disabling implicit typing. FORTRAN has six basic types of statement: 1. The declarative statement such as: PROGRAM FRED INTEGER VAL c Num is a real array dimensioned from 1 to 9 and NUM2 is c a two dimensional array dimensioned from 1, -4 to 10, 5 REAL © NUM (9), NUM2 (10, -4: 5) c L0G is a logical array dimensioned from -4 to 7 LOGICAL LOG (-4: 7) gramming environment’ although itis rather crude when compared to some of the more modern lanuages. FORTRAN has seven basic types of variables: integer, real, double preci- sion real, logical, character, complex and double precision complex. Lesical variables have two possible values: . TRUE. and .FALSE. Complex variables are two real vari- ables which represent a complex number, the first value is the real part and the second ts the imaginary part such that the complex number ts equivalent to A + square root of -1 B, “What is a complex number?" I hear youask, Well, for the answer I suggest that you ask a mathematician be- These statements do not produce any code: they give the compiler extra In- formation. 2. The assignment statement: Is2 c SIN and COS are functions S = SIN (X) * COS (¥) 3. The GOTO statement. This Is the simplest method of jumping to an- other part of the program although the destination statement must be in the same program segment. The des- tination statement is marked with a LABEL, This is a decimal number from 1 to 99999 placed in columns 1- 5: GOTO 99 99 D=1.2 4. The CALL statement. This calls a subroutine with an optional parame ter list: CALL SUBROUTINE (X, Y, 2) FORTRAN always attemps torcturn any new values set to parameters in- side the subroutine. So if the above subroutine set the third parameter to 0, then Z would also be set to zero. Obviously this can not happen if a constant were specified such as: CALL SUBROUTINE (X, Y, 4) Most FORTRAN compilers (but, un- fortunately not all) are smart enough to cope with this by ignoring the as- signment. 5. The IF statement. This has three main forms: The oldest form is now seldom used: it is the ARITHMETIC IF- the given NUMERIC expression is evaluated and ifit be negative then the first label is jumped to, if it be zero the second label is jumped to and if it be positive then the third label is jumped to: Some compilers use a modified, non- standard, version of the DO state- ment which does not require that the last statement of the loop be marked with a label: stUM = 0 poI=1, SUM = END DO 5 SUM + ARRAY (I) The DO WHILE statement. a non- standard feature often supported by compilers, allows statements to be executed while a condition remains true: guage in supporting device independ- ence: exactly the same I/O functions and formats can be applied to virtu- ally all I/O devices (within reason though: you can not read from a card punch or write to a keyboard no matter how hard you try). FORTRAN provides two very power- ful data handling features. One is the common block. This defines a group of common data which can be ac- cessed by more than one subroutine. A program can have many common blocks. The useful feature here is that whole packages can maintain their global variables in common blocks c Process data until an end of file condition ENDOFFILE = .FALSE. DO WHILE (.NOT. ENDOFFILE) CALL PROCESS (ENDOFFILE) END DO FORTRAN also has many input and output statements. Fora language so old itis suprising to note thatits input and output features are still regared as being very comprehensive. Most have been In the language in a stan- dard form since the days of FOR- ‘TRAN-IV. FORTRAN generally uses record- based I/O (that is whole groups of data are read/written at once as opposed to single characters). The precise format of the data can be c Evaluate the absolute value of a variable c (note the use of the dummy C statement CONTINUE) IF (I) 10, 20, 20 10 I=-t 20 CONTINUE The LOGICAL IF ts far more common: specified using special format state- Cc Test for I being > 3 and < 5 and then set I to -9 if so IF (I .GT. 3 .-AND. I .LT. 5) 1 =-9 The BLOCK IF is the newest form (introduced in FORTRAN-77) and al- lows several statements to be exe- cuted in one group. It also allows the | use of ELSE IF and and ments which are associated with ei- ther a single 1/O statement or can refer to many statements. They take the form of special character strings which are inserted into the code and actually interpreted when the pro- c Test the value of I and if it be 1 then call R1, if I be c 2 then call R2 otherwise call RREST IF (I .EQ. 1) THEN PRINT *, ‘I equals 1’ CALL R1 ELSE IF (I .EQ. 2) THEN PRINT *, ‘I equals 2’ CALL R2 ELSE PRINT *, CALL RREST END IF 5, The DO statement. This ts the main method of controlled looping (short of using GOTO): ‘I is neither 1 nor 2’ gram is execuling- a sort of low-level 1/O minilanguage! FORTRAN is unusual foran old lan- c Calculate the sum of the five elements of an array SUM = 0 polo r=1, 5 SUM = SUM + ARRAY (I) 10 CONTINUE which the application programmer never has to know about. They live in their own common blocks and, pro- viding that the programmer does not redefine a common block by mistake, are quite safe and independent from anything done in the application pro- gram. The other feature is that variables can be overlaid via the EQUIVA- LENCE statement. Originally this was used to save storage space but it is useful since It allows often quite complicated data handling. One use is to access the elements of an array explicitly as opposed to the usual method of supplying the array name and subscript. This is done by over- laying a series of single variables over the array allowing FORTRAN to simu- late some of the more fancy features of later languages such as Pascal's rec- ords. Variables can also be preset with an initial value via the DATA statement, All in all FORTRAN is a well sup- ported, and comparitively uniform language. It is THE language for mathematical work: it has amassed a host of standard external functions and routines to provide various mathematical functions and. be- cause itis relatively simple, compilers are fairly quick and produce quite efficient machine code. Its inbuilt support of library routines makes the task of producing packages very easy: you just write your procedures and then compile them all. All the applica- tion programmer has to do is to com- pile his/her program and then link the produced object code with the package's object files. On the minus side, FORTRAN is very loose: it allows the sloppy pro- arenes to get away with murder althougn in my experience, if the pro- grammer is determined enough. even the most structured language can be coaxed (o produce absolutely appall- ing code), FORTRAN, though, often seems to go out of ils way to cause trouble. For instance it does not check that parameter lists are equiva- lent. Obviously if the subprogram is external (i.e. already compiled and Page 19 waiting to be linked into the program later) then the parameter list can not be compared. That is no excuse not to check the parameter lists of those routines actually defined in the pro- gram. Another fault is that it will happily define new variables for you when really you have mistyped a variable's name in a statement. Its loose typing of variables and implicit typing causcs much trouble. For instance examine the following statement: VAL1 = NUMB / NUMC What if VAL] should have been VALI (the I and 1 look similar) or if VAL1 and NUMC are defined as real but NUMB is not defined at all? In the latter case NUMB will automaticalh be defined as an integer which will cause a slightly odd answer to result. Also FORTRAN's punched card- based format (FIXED FORMAT, as it is called) is an irritation, Conclussion Generally FORTRAN provides a useful tool suited for numerical and mathematical applications even though it is somewhat dangerous in the hands of a careless and sloppy programmer. It is here to stay. though, if for no other reason than because of the volume of existing FORTRAN software. Example FORTRAN Program This program reads in an integer number from the user and then prints out the following information: its sign, its factorial value and whether it be even or odd. Processing continues untila non-numeric value be entered. é SSS ESSE Part three in the December issue will look at: COBOL the language that was to make bus!- ness computing a practical possibil ity. Page 20 PROGRAM NUMBERS TUFF SEVEN or odd © Read in the nunber- Lf it be non-numer 100 PRINT READ ease enter ERR = 900) » PRINT 30, NUMBER, FACTORIAL (NUMBER) 30 FORMAT (* The factorial value of %, 1 ND IF € Determine whether the number be even via a call to the subroutine EVEK CALL EVEN (SEVEN, NUMBER) If (TSEVEN) THEN PRINT 60, NUMRER 0 FORMAT (* The number *, 14, * ts even’) LSE NT 30, NUMBER 30 AMAT (* The number %, 14, * Ls odd’) exo IF © Do gain coro 100 © End message (note the 900 PRINT *, ‘That’/s all folks’ STOP EXD LOGICAL FUNCTION ISMINUS (NUMBER) € Function to deter! INTECER NUMBER EVEN (ISEVEN, NUMBER) mine whether the number b BQ. NUMBzR) THEN RETURN END INTEGER FUNCTION FACTORIAL (NUMBER) © Function to return the factoriai o INTEGER NUMBER, FACT, I FACT = 1 poiot=1 PACT ~ 10° CONTINUE FACTORIAL = FACT RETURN enn 4 in a number and print out its sign, f then label 900 Le jumped to teger number (anything else to end)’ ‘14 * de posted od of including a quote e whether the nunber be -ve of fe passed nunber APPLEWORKS 2 EXPANDER | APpLeworKs | [BIDMUTHIN Technologies AND IGS implementing your ideas The Appleworks 2 Expander is an enhancement program for Appleworks 2 which lenhances and expands Appleworks 2 when used with certain memory cards. Tanne Here's alist of the AppleWorks enhancements created by the AppleWorks 2 xpander when used with GS-RAM Plus cards on the IIGS: 9 — Word Processor and database Clipboard expanded to 2,042 lines (versus 250) 1% — Up to 22,600 lines in the Word Processor (versus 7,250 lines) 5% Up to 22,600 records in the Data Base (versus 6,50 records) Variable size printer buffer || On-screen time display 1 ae ba * Automatic time/date entry into the database Print-fle cache (2. ALL of AppleWorks is loaded into memory - $0 doesn't access the disk to print) Expander options menu Multiple disk file-saving capability | AppleWorks Desktop expansion to 8 Meg _Jother features: GS-RAM and GS-RAM Plus are totally compatible with and sur- | {pass the Applo GS Memory card standard. "|The AppleWorks 2 expander is supplied FREE with GS-RAM and GS-RAM Plus. [Prices (excluding VAT) | |GS-RAM 256K £169.00 | 1GS-RAM 512K £209.00 | |GS-RAM 1 Mog £269.00 | |GS-RAM 1.5 Meg £319.00 IGS-RAM Plus | Meg £399.00 IGS-RAM Plus 2 Meg £629.00 IGS-RAM Plus 3 Meg £849.00 IGS-RAM Plus 4 Mog £1059.00 IGS-RAM Plus 5 Meg £1259,00 | |GS-RAM Plus 6 Mog £1419.00 | 1GS-RAM Plus 7-8 Meg SCALL £40.00 £240.00 | |The AppleWorks 2 Expander also works with, and is supplied FREE with these . Jotier memory cards: | tor tic | (Z-RAM Ultra 2 - 256K £269.00 }]Z-RAM Ultra 2 - 512K £309.00 | (Z-RAM Ultra 2-1 Meg £380.00 Z-RAM Ulta 3 - 256K £329.00 _|Z-RAM Ulta 3 - 512K £369.00 | |Z-RAM Ultra 3 - 1 Meg £449.00 “1650816 16 Bit Option £79.00 Enhancements as for GS-RAM and GS-RAM Plus but maximum dosktop is 727K (1 Meg Z-RAM Ultra) and printer buffer is fixed at 64K. The in-built clock also provides filo datetime stamping as well as other time options. AppleWorks is lier vorsions of AppleWorks, | Other facilities: 16: Bit Option, clock "Z-RAM Ultra 3 includes 2-80 co-processor and CP/M. - Htor lle -1256K Ramworks Ill £199.00 {512K Ramworks Il £239.00 -|1 Mog Ramworks I £319.00 | 11.5 Meg Ramworks Ill £469.00 | 3 Meg Ramworks Ill £1,299.00 __Ennancements as for Z-RAM Utra, but separate cock (e.g. TimeMasiar or SerialPro) required for tma/éate features and printer butter only works with Super Serial Card (or SerialPro). '4Other features: 80 column display built in, (Replaces 80 col card). RGB option, for ite 256K RamFactor £239.00 512K RamFactor £269.00 1 Meg RamFactor £319.00 RamCharger Battory Back-Up £179.00 = fully pre-loaded into RAM. Also provides most of the enhancements for ALL ear- : OTHER HARDWARE Heavy Duty Power Supply (e/+) £75.00 lic System Clock (c) £49.00 IPhasor Music/Speech Synthesizer (a/+/GS) £179.00 Pinpoint Apple lle Enhancement Kit (a) £29.00 |Pro-Apple 20 Mb Hard Disk (IIo/GS/e,Mac Mac+) £995.00 'SerialPro - Serial Card + Clock (e/+/GS) £139.00 TimeMaster II H.0. Clock (0/+) £99.00 TransWarp Accelerator (Iie/+) £279.00 Viewmaster 80 (80 cols on II+) £139.00 7-80 + Card inc. CP/M(GSSie/+) £139.00 IGS SOFTWARE |AutoWorks 2.09 - Macros etc. (GS/e/c) £49.00 |DazzleDraw - dole hi-res graphics (a/c) £69.00 Document Checker - fast spall chacker (GS/e/c) £69.00 IFontWorks - for AppleWorks (GS/e/c) £49.00 InfoMarge - for AppleWorks (e.c) £29.00 :{Keyplayer Macros (reqs Pinpoint)(GS/e/c) £49.00 IMultiScribe - GS Wordprocessor (GS) £99.00 = {MultiSenibe 2.9 Wordprocossor (e/c) £69.00 PinPoint 2.0 - Desktop accessories (GS/e/c) £89.00 PinPoint Toolkit (inc RunRun)(GS/ekc) £69.00 Point-to-Point - Communcations (GS/e/c) £99.00 "| ProBasic w. Program Writer (GS/e/c) £49.00 ©. {ProFiler - Database (GS/e/c) £99.00 Quark Catalyst 3.0 - Mac-like Desktop mgr (0.¢) £49.00 RamDrive (Dos3.3/ProDos/Pascal/CP/M) each (e/c) £29.00 Ram EnhancemenManagement Kit (@/c) £29.00 [RunRun - Desktop Manager (e/c) £49.00 Spelling Checker (rags Pinpoint) (GS/e/c) £69.00 +1 TopDraw - Graphics for GS (links w. MultiScribe) £99.00 VIP Professional - (e/c) (Lotus 123 on e/c) £199.00 VIP Professional - GS (Lotus/Excel on GS) £249.00 Visicale Expander Disk (e/c) £29.00 Visualiser - e/¢ - Graphs AppleWorks (a/c) £79.00 cS Enhancements as for GS-RAM but no printer buffer and separate clock (e.g TimeMaster or SerialPro) required for time/date features. Max desktop 1 Mog. |Other features: Allows AppleWorks V1.3 to run on Il+, Also enhances [AppleWorks V1.3 on lle. Battery back-up option for permanent data storage, can boot from RamFactor, on-board partitioning firmware. Functions as full RamDisk jon GS,e & +. All products are also available from your local dealer. All products carry a ten-day no-quibble “money back if not delight- ed” promise plus a one year guarantee. Ordering information: Add £1.00 P&P per order + VAT @15% technologies P.O.Box 264, Harrow. Middlesex, HA3 9AY Tel: 01-907-8516. | Telex: 8950511 ONEONE G (Ref:22554001) Page 21 WARSHIP Tom Wright dons his life jacket and takes his Apple )( to sea ! Warship is a tactical game of naval combat from Strategic Simulations Inc., who are well known for their series of strategic and tactical war- games. The game is supplied in an A4 size box and contains a 5.25" disk, an advertising booklet for SSI games, and a very well presented manual. My only previous venture into naval games was with Computer Bismarck, my memories of various attempts to sink the Bismarck mainly consisting of many hours of increasing confu- sion while attempting to coordinate the movements of various naval and air units in the search for the Bis- marck, usually to find them being disposed of piecemeal by the Bis- marck units which were controlled by my computer opponent. Fortunately, Warship Is a different kind of game, four different scenarios are available each with different numbers/types of ship available to the opposing sides. The variety of choice available is illustrated by the fact that the manual lists 79 different vessels! The manual is excellent and suff- ciently detailed to enable a newcomer to this type of game to quickly become sufficiently competent to enjoy play- ing, of course it doesn’t win games for you and it Is easy to fight your way to the sort of game end that leaves you with no ships! The copy supplied for review was suitable for Apple Il, II+, Ile and IIc, (there are versions for other machines including the Atari and C-64). An Apple II Europlus was used for the reviews. 1 found that the selection for the computer to play both sides resulted in normal entry into a game in which I was to control the allied fleet. After five attempts I decided that at least the review copy of this game doesn't enable the player to select computer to play both sides, a pity as ncwcom- ers to wargames would find a com- puter demonstration very helpful. For descriptive purposes I'll con- centrate on the SAN BERNADINO scenario. After setting the HANDICAP LEVEL to 5 (well you have to give yourself a bit of an edge don't you ?), 1 set the DELAY LENGTH to 1, se- lected SAN BERNADINO and then pressed the <SPC> bar. This left me in command of an Page 22 American fleet. The VISIBILITY rating of 34 indicated excellent visibility, a rating of 1 would be very poor visibil- ity. SSI games usually play toa prede- termined end date or time but I have to confess that I couldn't find a refer- ence to this in the manual and am unable to say what significance the date has. On Page 8 the manual states that the San Bernadino sce- nario has a “two-hour game length”, have I got news for the author of that statement. I bear the scars to prove that this scenario can take 5+ hours to play and it still wasn't finished at that stage ! The manual also states that the battle represents a hypo- thetical engagement during the Leyte invasion. Action screen displays during the game consist of basic plan views of the various ships, perhaps silhouette is a more accurate description than plan, there are very minor differences in size and shape between the various vessels but in conjunction with the text displays available they are adequate. Aithe bottom L.H corner of the display is (O)RDERS while the bottom R.H corner displays the time (eg 1732). A cursor moves round each of the American ships as the default orders are executed. Each ship will be moved in compliance with the default speed and course, default gunnery control for all American ships is HOLD FIRE. After a couple of moves the message ENEMY SHIPS DETECTED will ap- pear briefly at the bottom of the screen. Continuing to do nothing will fairly quickly result in your ships coming under fire from the Japanese fleet which is not yet visible on screen. As each ship comes under fire addi- tional tempor: information dis- plays report as follows: DD UNDER FIRE FROM 8/50 GUNS ACCURACY 1/54 PEN 3 3. This display will vary dependent on the type of target ship (DD = Destroyer), the type of gun firing (8/50 = 8" SO calibre gun), accu- racy of the fire (1/54 is a calculated hit probability which is affected by speed and rate of turn of the two ships, visibility, whether or not the gun is under radar direction, and whether or not the gun is already ranged-in and/or other ships are fir- ing at the same target). Damage capa- bility of the shells is indicated by PEN (PEN 33 indicates that the shells have vertical and horizontal penetration capabilities of 3). Actual impact of the shells is indicated by another tempo- rary display which can include any of the following: NEAR MISS, SUPER- STRUCTURE HIT, BELT HIT, DECK HIT, PRIMARY TURRET HIT, TERTI- ARY TURRET HIT, SECONDARY GUN MOUNT HIT, TORPEDO MOUNT HIT. Any of these messages may be accom- panied by an asterisk which indicates that the shell penetrated the target, a double asterisk indicates that floata- tion damage was inflicted. Pretty comprehensive that lot and itappears to result in fairly realistic effects on the targets in terms of inflicted dam- age. Damage is cumulative in effect until either the disappearance of the ship is accompanied by the message “DD SINKS”, or the ships damage control has effected repairs. The fact that repairs are possible causes some headaches in terms of deciding how long you can afford to ignore a dam- aged ship before it becomes danger ous again. You can't simply decide to sink all ships that you engage before moving on, Yamato for instance is so powerful that I began to wonder if Christmas would arrive before I could achieve the “BB SINKS” message. Each game move begins with artil- lery and/or torpedo fire and ends with execution of movement orders during which stage you can elect to enter the ship control menu by pressing ‘O’ . From this position you can