Apple 2000 Vol 4 No. 4 1989 08 BASUG GB

a THE NATIONAL APPLE USERS GROUP oe AUGUST 1989 _¢ VOLUME 4(4) CONTECH, The sparkling new storage solution — Diamo Diamond high capacity SCSI hard disk drives have been developed by Cirtech especially for the Mac and Apple II computers. These super slim, fast drives are supplied ready formatted for immediate use and give you the top performance and value you’ve come to expect from Cirtech. Their stylish good looks in colour-keyed platinum grey prefectly complement your system. * Available in two sizes — 32 and 48 Megabytes * High performance drive system — 28 mS average access time * Dual SCSI connectors for simple daisy chaining of other SCSI devices Supplied complete with fully shielded SCSI cable Slimline case is fully screened for minimum radio interference Has the same footprint as the Mac SE and Plus Whisper quiet drive system with very low power consumption Mac Versions: Apple II Versions: Connects directly to the SCSI Supplied pre-formatted and complete port on the Mac SE, Plus or II. with a Cirtech SCSI interface for use Supplied ready formatted for on the IIGS, He or 11+ . Support soft- instant use. ware included for up to four SCSI devices. Fully compatible with GSOS ProDOS, DOS 3.3, Pascal and CP/M. (Tee ht Ae Diamond drives for flawless performance! 32 Megabytes 48 Megabytes Mac £475.00 £545.00 Apple Il (including SCSI interface) £520.00 £590.00 (Prices quoted exclude VAT) Check your Apple 2000 Catalogue for details of special members offers CIRTECH (UK) LTD, Currie Road Industrial Estate, GALASHIELS Selkirkshire, TD1 2BP, Scotland Telephone: (0896) 57790 Telex: 9312130256 (CI G) Mailboxes: 84:CPDO01 (Telecom Gold) AAH555 (Source) N= Apple2000 The All Apple User Group Committed to All Apple Users including Macintosh August 1989 Apple2000 P.O.Box 3, Liverpool, 121 8PY asa Pm ches Fax. #51 $29 G34)? CONTENTS Chairmans's Corner Letter Box Medley - A review AppleWorks 3.0 - A preview Hotline News SoftCat Comer Merlin 16+ - A review Applied Apple Spreadsheeting Diamond Hard Disk - A review MacroMate - A review Ilgs Battery - Handy Tip ProSel 16 - A review cupaeae 3a - Handy Hatchet Pascal pro; ming example Apple II Library News The Nibbler Force Special - Online Databases Apple/Mac Show News MacChat System 7.0 Fontsizer Z88-to-Mac - A review Studio/1 Nossous - Multilingual footnoting SICIONE Si3033 Accelerator ExpressWrite - A review Harrier Strike, Mission II - A review The Future for Macintosh Development Network News Character Map and Folder Locker TN # 234 NuBus Physical Designs TN # 244 Color Cursor Cursing ScanMan - A review Diamond Hard Disk - A review Confessions of a Computer Caprice MacLibrary Local Groups Members’ Small Ads. Adobe Announces New Software Advertisers' Index Ewen Wannop 2 3 Dr Peter Stark 6 A2-Central 8 Dave Ward 14 Jon Gurr 15 Dave Ward 16 Paul McMullin 18 Dave Ward 21 Dr Peter Stark 22 Sedalia AUG 23 Dave Ward 24 Harry K Sugar 27 Dave Miller 28 30 32 34 38 Norah Arnold 42 Apple Computer Inc. 44 46 Dave Durling 46 47 Ahmad Ubaydli 48 49 Geoff Wood 50 Ceri Fisher 54 Randy Leonard 56 60 MacLibrary 64 66 68 Keith Chamberlain 69 Ewen Wannop 72 John Jotting 73 76 78 80 80 80 There are a number of ways to contact Apple2000. Force users who have a query about the service can contact the adminis- trator, John Lee, directly for help and advice. Call him on the number opposite or send a message to his box on the Force, If you wish to order goods or services from Apple2000, call Irene on (iiSil iG 44S or (during office hours) call Alison on (if 7404 1 Both have Ansafones, in case they're not around. Alternatively you can Fax. to (ifsil Gaim (fiat write to the PO Box or (if you use comms) you can leave orders on TABBS addressed to the SYSOP. If you are experiencing problems with Apple hardware or software Dave Ward and Tony Dart run the Hotlines and will try and help you. We are very interested in the activities of local user groups, and if you have any information which you would like publicised John Lee would like to hear from you. Moans and Groans - We don't get many of these, but the Editors have broad shoulders, so send these to them via the PO Box. A little praise for a few of our authors wouldn't go amiss. Send all comments, and contributions, via the PO box, especially suggestions about what you would like to see in your magazine. ((appiez000 supports users ») ol all the Apple computers. The ITT 2020, I, Il, +, //e, //c, //c+, Ugs, ///, Lisa, XL, Mac 128, 512 MacPlus, SE, SE/30, Mac Il, Ilcx and IIx Contributions and articles for the magazine are always welcome, We can handle any disk size or format. Please send to the PO Box, L21 8PY. NOTE: In general the front half of the magazine is for the Apple II, Apple IIgs and Apple 1 The back half for the Macin- tosh and Lisa. Look out for the descriptive page icons. Key: Apple II, //e and //c Apple /// Apple IIgs Macintosh, Lisa Macintosh II \S ( Contact Points The Force and Local Groups John Lee Voice (iit Administration Irene Flaxman OU Siem HUE Fak Ol See GOT Adverts / Admin. Alison Davies GFHE Famed Apple Il Hotline PB Se Ward Cra SAB USD Mon-Fri 1900-2100 Macintosh Hotline Tony Dart (Ee Rui) Mon-Fri 0900-17.00 1900-2100 TABBS Ewen Wannop - SYSOP Modem (iit Baar & poep IX cay Va August 1989 Apple2000 Chairman's Corner Q Apple are not in the habit of an- nouncing new products before they are ready. but every so often they feel that they are working on something so important that they want the world to know about it as soon as possible. By doing this, they give not only their hand- picked software developers, but all the other developers as well, the chance to input ideas to the project. One of these rare occasions has just happened with the an- nouncement of System 7.0 for the Macintosh, This product is not due to be released till next year, but we have been told now what it will contain, so we can plan ahead for its far reaching implications. Advance notice of System 7.0 in the computer press has concen- trated on the speculation that only the ‘X’ series of Macintosh computers are to be supported from now on. This is incorrect. Itis true that System 7.0 will only show its true paces on the Mac IIx, IIcx and SE/30, but it will run on the other machines, even the Mac H Plus, albeit without the full power. Why System 7.0 is so important to us is the philosophy embodied in its development. Macintosh users are quite used to being on the leading edge of computer development. It is quite unthink- able for us to work under any- thing but the friendly Macintosh environment. However, there are some serious limitations at pres- ent in what a computer can do. We all accept these limitations as we know no other way. The new- comer to computing often asks: ‘Why if things work logically on the Macintosh can you not do...” It is these areas that Apple is now attacking with System 7.0. The goal is that the Macintosh will truly work instinctively and logi- cally with everything doing as you would expect and no less. With the Macintosh came the concept of WYSIWYG, but as all who have attempted desktop pub- lishing know, it is not so much WYSIWYG but WYGIBTWYS (What You Get Is Better Than What You See). The new Macin- tosh outline fonts will try to ad- dress this problem. It will still not be a true Postscript display on screen, but very nearly so. Gone will be the ‘jaggies’ associated with a 60 point text display! For those working with spread- sheet programs, how many have cut and pasted a selection of cells to a word processor, only to find they wished to alter a value on the spreadsheet? Active cut and paste under MultiFinder will update the product if the source is altered. One of the major problems that we all find these days is that pro- grams seem to get larger and larger. It is impossible now for a complete program to be held in memory, and soit is usual to layer it in as needed. In desktop pub- lishing it is also usual to layer the working document to disk as well. However some programs simply cannot work in this way, and require a large memory space to work. System 7.0 will use spare disk capacity as ‘virtual’ memory, thus expanding the workspace available to a program to the size of the hard disk. Things might work a little slowly under this method, but they will work! Connectivity is the byword these days from Apple. and Sys- tem 7.0 intends to make this even more transparent between sys- tems than it is now. All in all System 7.0 is a most exciting development. Further details will be found in the Macin- tosh pages of this magazine. Ewen Wannop a Annual subscription rates are £25.00 for UK residents, The Editorial team is: é >) £30.00 for E.E.C. residents and £35.00 for other overseas members. Apple2000™ is a trading name of BASUG Ltd, a non- profit making independent company limited by guarantee. The contents of this journal are copyright of BASUG Ltd and/or the respective authors. Permission is granted for non- commercial reproduction providing the author and source are properly credited and a copy of the relevant journal ts sent. The opinions and views expressed are those of the vari- ous contributors, and are not necessarily supported by BASUG Ltd. This journal 1s published bi-monthly by BASUG Ltd as a benefit of membership in February, April, June, August, October and December. The copy date is the Ist day of the month preceding publication. Advertising rates are available on request. Apple™ and the Apple logo are trademarks of Apple Computer Inc. Macintosh™ is a trademark of Macintosh Laboratory Inc and used with the express permission of the owner. Telecom Gold™ is a trademark of British Telecom ple. ae FORCE™ and Apple2000™ are trademarks of BASUG % Apple Il Macintosh Ewen Wannop Norah Amold Irene Flaxman Many thanks to all those who work behind the scenes and who receive no personal credit. These people are the stalwarts of Apple2000. Additional thanks to Walter Lewis of Old Roan Press (051-227-4818) for our printing service. and to lan Sharp of Sharp Studios (05 1-227-2788) for ourcover design. (Graphics for the cover design supplied by Apple Computer UK Ltd, Adobe Systems Inc., Cricket Software.) Apple2000 are Founder Members and Wholehearted Supporters of the Apple User Group Council Z 2 Apple2000 August 1989 APPLE Il LETTERBOX Mill Hill London Dear Sirs, As someone who Moy rape become an owner of an ‘e computer could you please aAvise on:- {a) How to connect it to a conven- tional TV set (b) What are some recommended printers, dot matrix types? (c) How does one increase Ram from 48k to say 96k (d@) Can a hard disk drive be added on? If it’s a lot of trouble to answer these questions don't worry because the Manuals may help. V Harwood Qltis no trouble to answer your ques- tions and in any case I doubi if the manuals would help you answer all of them. (a) Nearly all the //e computers found in the UK have PAL video out- put from the phono line socket. If you have a video recorder, then you only need to connect the two line sockets together to display colour on your TV screen. Without a line input, you will need to fit a small modulator to brin, the signal up to Radio Frequency leve at the ‘Aerial socket of your TV. (b) The recommended printer for all Apple computers is the ImageWriter driven by the Apple Super Serial Card. More software supports this combination than any other printer. The ImageWriter can be easily ob- tained secondhand these days. Alter- natively you could use an Epson MX80 or compatible printer driven from a parallel printer card. There are many other printers that emulate the Epson stan s. (c) The Basic //e comes with 64k of Ram on board. You will need to adda //e 80 column card to allow many programs to work. There are quite a few 80 column cards on the market, and nearly all have an extra 64k of Ram on board. Get one of these cards to extend your memory to the full 128k. This will allow you to use not only 80 column text but double-hires graphics as well. Cirtech make sucha card and this is readily available from Apple II dealers. If you wish to extend memory even further, then you need to look at Ram cards that follow the Apple Peripheral Device protocols. These usually start at 256k and can be as big as 16 megabyte and are commonly known as Ram Disks. Typically a 1 mb card should cost around £200. (d) It is as easy to add a hard disc as to add a Ram Disk. You must have a SCSI card in one of your Slots, usually Slot 7, and then you add any SCSI hard drive. For the //e you can choose between the Apple, Cirtech or CMS SCSI cards. Choose any SCSI hard drive you like with a maximum capacity of 32 mb. Ifyou buy a normal drive it will come ready formatted, probably for the Macintosh, all you need to do then Is go to a disk utility proj and ask it to Format the drive in that Slot for ProDOS. If you are building your own drive (see the articles by Ewen Wannop in recent issues of Apple2000), then you will need to low-level format the drive as well. The routines to do this are currently on TABBS and in the IIgs library, they will soon appear in the Apple Il ProDOS library as well. The Boffin MACINTOSH LETTERBOX Romford Essex Dear Sirs. Iam not sure whether my problem requires me to re-install and re-for- mat my drives. However, I would like acopy of “SF&I* at hand in case! need it. Since I am not currently equipped to use Bulletin Boards, including TABBS, can I obtain “SF&l” on disk, through the Apple2000 MacLibrary? My problems concenr a pair of Seagate ST-251N drives, in a third- party cabinet with power supply, very much along the lines of the Computer Shopper articles. The drives were formatted by the firm that sold them to me, and boot up when run one at a time. However. if] boot up the Mac SE from a floppy, the hard disk icon does not appear on the desk-top. This, of course, precludes opening the hard disk, in particular for any operations on the hard disk System file. The hard disk is visible to “Disk First Aid", however, this reckons “rey not ulred*. The hard disk formatting soltware is by Fractal. Partly because of the initial discounted price of the drives (ghostly laughter sundry Apple Centres!!??) and partly as a legacy of some other problems which occurred along the way, I do not feel able to seek advice from the firm who sold me the drives. I would like more information about SCSI Tape Streamers and the need for a SCSI Bus Test-Set. PC Weedon OFirst ofall, SF&I is available on disk 188 in the Mac Library. Concerning your hard drives, as- suming that each hasa different SCSI priority, have you perhaps put a Sys- tem Folder onto each drive? The Mac does not like more than one System around, and tends to ignore the sec- ond drive if it has a System installed. To see another drive with a System on it, you will need one of the ‘Mount All’ type pro; . or the CDev ‘SCSI Tools’. This small proj allows the mounting of any SCSI device from the Control el. It is available for a nominal price from: P. Mercer, 681 East Seneca Turnpike, #A4, Syracuse, NY 13205. Phone: (315) 492-3348, The way that SCSI drives operate on a Macintosh is quite complex. Each drive has a small ‘hidden’ boot file that was laid down when it was low- level formatted. When the Mac is switched on, it interrogates the SCSI bus and loads any rs on any drives that it sees. These drivers are then used to access the drives later. HDFormat from Apple will only see drives that Apple themselves use, it is for this reason that you would need SF&I to low-level format any other make or type of drive. Somehow there is an interaction when more than one System is pres ent, and only one drive is mounted and seen. However, the various SCSI utilities will of course see these drives, and mount them if necessary. At the moment there are only a few ‘Tape Streamers available for the Mac. There are quite a few SCSI streamers around for the IBM however, but there is little in the way of software Please submit all letters and articles to the magazine on disk wherever possible. The disks will be returned to you when the magazine is published. If you have a modem, send us letters, articles and Public Domain programs either to BSG005 or to TABBS ((iiits PAH*S7), August 1989 Apple2000 Beem 3 that can see and use tape drives. This is a situation that may well change, and we all need to keep an eye out for general purpose programs that can access industry standard Tape Streamers on the SCSI bus. 1 do not know of any SCSI Bus Test- sets. Perhaps someone else could help us with this? I would suspect your bus is fine though if you are managing to mount the drives, albeit one at a time. The Boffin é ligs FONT LETTERBOX Edinbur Scotlan . Dear Ewen, As an enthusiastic IIgs and Apple- Works user, I ordered GS Works as soon as I saw it mentioned in A+ ¢ last summer. Claris took over Styleware and, in an amazing piece of doublethink, wrote to me in Scotland offering an upgrade to Ap- pleWorks GS from AppleWorks at a reduced price. The catch was that I had to Pay in US funds (no Credit Cards) and have it delivered toa US address. So I ordered it from Pro- Plus in Connecticut and re- ceived it 4 days later. I cannot recom- mend Pro; is Plus highly enough. They are cheap, quick and efficient. As an accountant, I soon noticed the lack of & signs. Although clients seemed to understand when | sent them a bill marked 100.00 and sent pounds rather than chickens or car- rots. I felt that it would look much nicer if I could ask for £100.00. I pored over any and every reference in A+ or A2 Central to fonts or font editing. At last, the March issue of A2 Central was devoted almost entirely to fonts. Better yet, it contained an offer of a Shareware Font Editor (Font Doctor) which was duly sent for. At about the same time, Apple2000 brought out a new PD disk in the GS library, Disk 12, containing both Font Docotr and a pro; switching ASCII characters within a font. Font Doctor allows the editing of characters, but this entails drawing your new character: while this may not be too difficult a task, why bother when the character you need may already be present within the font and simply need to be switched into the set of characters used by your pro- gram. In most fonts the & sign is present as ASCII character 163, while the useless “hash” ts ASCII 35. A simple switch, using the Character Switching program should suffice. I say should because this is where 1 almost came unstuck. My first mis- take was to try to alter New York, the font which | normally use for corre- spondence and fee notes. Unfortu- nately, New York in 10 and 12 point is used by AppleWorks (as are Shaston and Geneva and Monaco) so 1g to alter it caused problems with both Font Doctor and Font Switcher. Even renaming the font did not seem to help, perhaps because each font has a specific fe number. I therefore inged tack. Firstly I icked a font, Willowdale, which I found pleasant looking. which con- tained a £& sign at ASCII 163 and which was unused by the AppleWorks GS system, Using the Font Switching program, I switched the relevant characters, saved the changed font and re-booted so that the font list was updated. No luck! I could see the £on screen, but paatng resulted in the return of the hash. A quick phone call to Dave Ward on the HotLine: he suggested that all the font sizes pres- ent in the Fonts directory might need to be changed. In fact, I simply re- moved the other sizes and rebooted. Success! I then switched the hash and pound signs in all the sizes of the font and reloaded them. Finally, | loaded up Font Doctor and changed the name of the font from Willowdale to Pounder. also changed the font family to 8190, I'm not too clear whether this is nec- essary, but it would prevent the 2 fonts from clashing if they were in the same subdirectory. A2 Central sets out font family numbers in its font issue, and I picked a number which appeared to be available. I'm also none too sure of the copy- right law on fonts. Are they in Public Domain? Can I simply change a font slightly and rename it? Does anyone care? At least until Claris officially re- leases a British version of Apple- Works GS, my clients have no excuse in paying me in peanuts rather than &s. John R Beattie Q Thanks for that tale of font lore! A2 Central is trying to sort out the jungle of families and numbering and have published a central register of fonts. Talso am none too sure of the copy- right law either. The policy that we have taken over the publication of fonts for the IIgs and the Apple II, is to use Macintosh screen fonts converted to the ProDOS environment. Laser poe would be quite another matter! eel. The Pounder font referred to by John Beattie is available on TABBS for downloading in the Apple II Font Ubrary. (7 The Apple2000 Bulletin Board System ‘The TABBS message system is more than just a Bulletin Board. With a shopping mall where you can browse the Apple2000 catalogues and order the goods you require; a library containing over 1000 programs for the Apple II, Ilgs and Macintosh; news files update twice weekly bringing you the latest in world computer news and of course NewsBytes™; a private and public E-mail service; file transfers that can be enclosed in private or public mail; message areas covering many topics including the Apple II, the IIgs and Macintosh; Xmodem, 1k Xmodem and Ymodem file transfers; multi-speed access at all common speeds; 24 hour operation; and much, much more make TABBS the premier Apple Bulletin Board serving Europe. Give TABBS a call today. Ring TABBS on (iie28)F49997 at any speed through V21, V22, V23 to V22bis 8N1 TABBS is available 24 hours a day Ewen Wannop a (trTIT A BBBB BEBB 3559) | PA dabaB Bs T A ABBEB BEBB SSSS T AAAAAB BBB s T A ABBBB BBBB ssss THE APPLE 2000 USER GROUP BULLETIN BOARD SYSTEM v21, V22, V22BIS, V23 24 HOURS 8-N-1 <1> Apple }[ folder <2> Apple IIgs folder <3> Macintosh folder <4> Apple2000 folder <5> Developers folder <6> Public areas <D>ownload Libraries <Mailbox <tPews Colums <S>hopping Mall <Weekly Update \ <Pelp files for TABBS y) & 4 8 Apple2000 August 1989 Bidmuthin Technologies Ltd. Best for Apple The official UK agent for Applied Engineering - to expand AppleWorks - with AppleWorks Desk Accessories - with MS-Dos on the Apple II - with SCSI drives for the Apple II - to expand the //e - with AppleWorks GS - with IIGS Accelerator - with IIGS Networking B - Best for Hardware = I - Best for Software - Best for Advice = YEP M U rs - Best for Support ae I N SANCNIN - Best for Service = - Sometimes, even the best prices = Y STILL AVAILABLE A wide range of products for //e, GS & II+, including: TransWarp GS - more than doubles the speed of the IIGS Brent House, 214 Kenton Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA3 8BT TransWarp' The'RELIABLE Tel. (01) 907 8516 Fax. (01) 907 4398 accelerator for the //e & II+ August1989 Apple2000 Medle Dr Peter Stark takes a look at Desk Top Publishing on the Ilgs Introduction Medley is a powerful desktop pub- lishing program for the Apple IIGS. It combines facilities for word process- ing. page layout, and graphics. and has a lot of useful (and sometimes unusual) features. With Medley, the mouse is used a good deal, to pull menus down and to make selections. The main menu headings are: ‘Apple’; File; Edit; Search; Areas; Font; Format; Special Effects; and Shortcuts. Most of the options under these headings are easy to apply, though you will need to refer to the manual in your early stages of getting acquainted with Medley if you want to benefit from its full range of features. The various ‘Help’ screens are easy to access via an option available under the ‘Apple’ menu. There are keystroke equiva- lents to many of the mouse opera- tions, and you can choose whichever alternative you prefer. What is needed, and what is sup- plied To use Medley, you need an Apple IIGS with a mouse and at least 1.25 Megabytes of RAM. It's best to have two 3.5" disk drives, but you can manage with only one 3.5" drive - though this is less convenient as you will need to swap disks more often. Medley is supplied as four non-pro- tected disks: a Startup disk. a Pro- gram disk, a Dictionary disk (needed when you use the spelling checker or the thesaurus), and a Clip Art disk. These come with a large and well- written manual. Setting up, closing, and saving documents Starting a new document from scratch is straightforward. Alterna- tively, AppleWorks word processing files can be imported directly into Medley, and most of the AppleWorks. formatting is preserved. This is a process which works well but has the disadvantage of being rather sak (Just for instance: I originally pr pared this review using ‘AppleWorks: it then took over three minutes to transfer the file into Medley!). With other Apple II word processors, you would need to save your work to disk as a Text (ASCII) file. and then import this into Medley for further treatment. This too is a fairly slow operation. Up to ten different document files can be on the desktop ata time, and it is easy to switch from the current active document toanother. The procedures for closing files down, and saving them to disk, are simple. Word Processing As with any good word processor, it is easy to type text into Medley. The maximum length that any document can be is 32 pages. Instructions are given about how to proceed when importing text files that are longer than this. Blocks of text can be se- lected, and then modified in many ways. Different fonts, type styles. and type sizes can be chosen, and many combinations of these can be used within your document ifyou wish. By the way: the font files are stored on the Medley Startup disk. All this works well, except that there Is an odd limi- tation with underlined text: with cer- tain fonts, no underscore is shown on the screen when the underline option has been chosen. In such cases, the underscore does however appear in the final printed copy - except when the ‘better color’ mode is chosen as a printing option! The available type styles are: plain; bold: underline: italic; outline; and shadow, You can have superscripts and subscripts if you need these. Many other editing features are available with Medley. These include: ‘sticky spaces’; cut, copy, and paste; find; replace; hy- phenation (manual or auto; the whole document, or selected sections of text. or just individual words); kerning; and leading (line or para- graph spacing). The Undo command is also very useful, as it allows you to cancel up to 10 of the last changes which you made to the document (there is also a ‘Redo’ option). If you wish, horizontal and vertical rulers can be shown on screen. Four differ- ent types of tab stop can be set, andin unlimited numbers. Another inter- esting function is Tab Leaders’, which inserts a series of dots or dashes or a solid line between the point of insertion and the tab marker. Text can be made to wrap cither ver- tically (as is usual with word proces- sors) or horizontally. Horizontal word wrapping is useful ifyou want to wrap text across art areas so as to sur- round them and be readable across them. However, there seems to be no simple way of arranging for text to continue from one page (or page part) to another page which is separated and comes later. You can choose among ‘eft’, ‘right’, ‘centered’, and ‘full’ justification of text. Page num- bers (if wanted) can be located on pages in various positions and in several different styles. With the Dictionary disk in one of the drives, the spell checker or the thesaurus can be used; these both work powerfully and easily. The spell checker suggests alternative spell- ings for misspelled words. You can add words to an Auxillary Dictionary, or else to a Document dictionary which ts specific to the document on which you are working. The thesau- rus is another powerful feature: it provides definitions and shows syno- nyms for the various meanings and parts of speech which the selected word could take, To see a reduced-size representa- tion of your document (up to two pages ata time), you need to select the ‘Show This Page’ command from the Special Effects menu. However, no changes can be made while this is on screen. Page Layout Medley allows you to create ‘art areas’ in your documents; any text then flows round these automati- cally. An unusual and attractive fea- ture is that these ‘areas’ can be ofany shape you like - such as ovals, and all sorts of polygons, as well as rec- tangles. These ‘areas’ can be moved and/or changed in size, and can even be converted from one shape type into another without losing the art inside them. Borders can either be shown (and printed out) or turned off (and not printed out). If you wish. you can create ‘global art’ (art areas which appear in the same places on all pages of your document). Also extremely interesting and use- ful is the fact that any ‘art area’ can be changed so that it holds text instead of art. Such text areas then behave as miniature pages, or ‘Page Parts’. Text will flow from one ‘Page Part’ to an- other. in the order in which they were created. As you will probably have realized already, by using these facilities it is easy to divide the text on any page into 6 Apple2000 August 1989 two or more columns. Graphics can be imported into art areas in Medley documents - either from the clip art disk which is sup- plied with Medley. or from other sources (if the files are of types “CO” or “Cl*). Full details are given in the manual. Once art areas have been created, their contents can also be modified by making use of the Paint Tools facility. Several paint tools of the usual types are available (brush, fill, spray, text, pencil, straight line, ‘Magnifying Glass’, eraser, and vari- ous filled or unfilled shapes), as are various colours and patterns. Pat- terns can be edited, colours changed, and selected art flipped horizontally or vertically. There are also a Lasso and a Selection Box, which can be used much as with other paint pro- grams. However, the Selection Box can also be used to shrink or expand chosen items of art if you wish - another nice example of the versatil- ity of Medley. Printing Many of the printing options with Medley are similar to those of other IIGS-type word processors. ImageWriter printers are supported, as are LaserWriters. When using an ImageWriter and printing under the Better Text option, it is best to use a font such that a menu selection exists that is twice the size as is actually to be used in the printed document. For example: ifa given fontwere shownon the menu as being selectable at sizes 12 and 24, creation of the document using that font at size 12 would give the best printing resolution. The Manual The manual supplied with Medley is some 250 pages long, clearly written, and informative. It includes an intro- ductory ‘Quick Tour’, detailed de- scriptions of the individual features of Medley, and then a useful reference section followed by pictures showing the contents of the Clip Art disk. I found all the descriptions easy to fol- low. Without the manual. it would have been much harder going, and I would certainly have missed many of the useful possibilities that Medley offers. Overall Comments Medley (from Milliken Publishing Company) is a powerful desktop pub- lishing program, which has a lot of good features and which I neverthe- less found really quite easy to use. Its ability to create ‘Art Areas’ (and text ‘Page Parts’) of almost any required shape is particularly striking. The printed output from Medley is of an acceptable and often attractive qual- ity, especially with careful choice of fonts and their sizes, and its speed of printing is reasonable, even when several fonts etc. are involved. Having spoken warmly about Med- ley so far, I ought also to mention its less attractive complexion: Medley is rather on the slow side. Many of its operations (text or art display; text redistribution after a change, etc.) take several seconds, and one some- times has to wait longer. A peculiar feature is that residual fragments or text or art area occasionally linger on screen after some element of your document has been changed. How- ever, to be fair 1 should add that I quickly got used to Medley’s relative lack of speed, and was soon using the program quite happily. Its slowness is more a matter of needing to exercise mild patience than a real irritation. If you have an Apple IGS with enough memory, and are interested in desktop publishing, Medley is cer- tainly worth consideration. It’s far from being the most instantaneous of programs, bul this disadvantage is offset by a range of good features such as word wrapping round (or inside!) areas of any shape, an excellent the- saurus and a good word checker, and a neat combination of word process- ing. drawing, and graphics. You could well feel that its capabilities make Medley an interesting possibility. Peter Stark é Footnote: This review first apeared in a recent issue of The Gateway Gazette (pub- lished by the Gateway Computer Club, Mildenhall, Suffolk). myo Product : Medley Publisher : Milliken Publishing Available from : MGA Softcat Pear Tree Appledore Kent TN26 2AR (0233) 83571 Price : £147.95 inc VAT ddd dee édde Value : Performance : Documentation : FREEZE Capture any screen in any application and make the most of your Apple IIGS" Press the Fingerprint button, instantly freeze the screen and enter the GSi desktop without ‘exiting from the application. Instantly dump screens to the printer, to disk, or re-load captured screens into other applications, Press the escape key and return to the application where you left off. In the GSi desktop, screens can be cropped, rotated, stretched, inverted, repositioned, and enlarged up to eight times original size. You can position output, set line width, automati- cally print page numbers, page headers, specify multiple copies, change fonts, styles, and sizes as well as image colors, and contro! other special printer effects. All features are available in pull-down menus. Desk accessories in the GSi desktop include a typewriter (to type labels and add text to captured screens); a calendar with past, pre- sent and future dates; and a calculator. The Fingerprint® GSi multifunction card plugs directly into slot 3 (or any other open slot) and is ready to use immediately. The GSi man- ages the two GS serial ports and an auxiliary Fingerprint serial or parallel card. The GSi will not interfere with the operation of any soft- ware or operating systems. Fingerprint mod- els are available for the Apple Ile, llc, and I+. At £99.00, the Fingerprint GSi gives your IIGS the magic touch affordably. MGA SoftCat PEAR TREE APPLEDORE, KENT TN26 2AR ENGLAND £3 THIRDWARE TEL: (0233) 83571 sages aa ee Come ne Pigeon Tirepewcerannun shee tne me August 1989 Apple2000 AppleWorks 3.0 Claris announce a major upgrade of their best selling program (From the July 89 issue of A2-Central) We are ting tn full the article on 's 3.0 from the July edition of A2-Central. AppleWorks is the single most im- program for the Apple II series. Version 3.0 is a major based on actual users ‘wishlists’. This article ts reprinted with the kind Fen ge of our friends at A2-Cen- tr AppleWorks 3.0 a Blockbuster it ¢ what would happen if Claris asked Beagle Bros to make all the enhancements to AppleWorks that users had ever dreamed of. Now stop imagining. It's reality. Claris announced AppleWorks 3.0 at the National Educational Comput- ing Conference in Boston on June 20. Alan Bird, originator of Beagle Bros’ TimeOut utilities and author of Time- Out QuickSpell, Randy Brandt, au- thor of TimeOut UltraMacros, and Rob Renstrom, author of TimeOut Graph, have been at work on the AppleWorks 3.0 project since last summer. Sacnisa Imagine a 16,000-line word proces- sor with a new, Tiareaeniod ver- sion of QuickSpell built-in; with real tabs and multiple tab rulers; with multi-line headers and footers: with more control-key commands (such as control C for center); with the ability rint a specified range of pages: the ability to print date and time aes (in a selection of formats); with right-justification; and with six new printer codes you can use to take advantage of whatever special fea- tures your printer supports. Imagine a 16,000-record data base with horizontal scrolling in multiple- record layout; with multiple catego) sorts; with single category finds; wi one-key entry of the current date and time; with 20 report formats per file that include new abilities such as multiple labels across a page and the ability to create multiple-record screen formats from report formats and vice-versa. Imagine a 9,999 row by 127 column spi sheet that is smart enough to determine whether a cell being refer- enced is a label or a value and act ac- cordingly. Put (A2) in a cell and it will display “1” ifthat's what's in cell A2 or itwill Idisplay “Wow!” ifthat’s what's in cell A2. I ine being able to tum numeric scores into letter grades and numeric cross-checks into verbal error messages. ine five new arithmetic functions @LOG and @MOD, nine new trigonometric func- tions like @SIN and @ACOS, six new financial functions like @PV and @IRR, and six new logical functions like @TRUE and @ISERROR. Imagine @IF(@ISBLANK(A2),"You must fill in cell A2","*), to say nothing of the abil- ity to copy and move blocks of cells to and from the clipboard. Imagine a clipboard with no size limit other than the amount of mem- ory you have. Imagine a clipboard with the ability to automatically for- mat the data it contains for any Apple- Works module. Yes, you can move data from any module to any other module— from the spreadsheet to the word processor, for example—with- out first printing it to the clipboard or a . on Go rain Data able to select subdi- tess ies, as well as files, using point- and-shoot rather than try-and-re- member— even when accessing ASCII text files. Imagine being able to switch drives and to dive into and back out of subdirectories by pressing keys while the current file listing is on the screen. Imagine up to three custom print- ers, not just one, and built-in support for Brother, Epson, Juki, Okidata, and Panasonic printers, to say noth- ing of the ImageWriter II and the ImageWriter LQ. Imagine automatic support of aux- slot type memory cards (in addition to current support for standard-slotand pee mena ey alot cards). Imagine no retail price increase. Imagine an uper grade price of $79 and a special Claris program whereby A2-Central subscribers who don't have an older copy of AppleWorks to upgrade from can get Ap) oe 3.0 directly from Claris for (NAUG rani may also take advantage of this offer. In both cases payment must be accompanied by the coupon inserted in the July editions of A2-Central or AppleWorks Forum. The list price of AppleWorks 3.0 is $249. No announcement from Claris UK has been made yet of the price or availability in the UK. Ed.) APPLEWORKS 3.0 STILL WORKS ON 128K MACHINES, however, as before. it works better on machines with additional memory. Desktop size on 128K machines is now about 40K instead of 56K. ack leWorks 3.0 comes on two le-sided 5.25 disks or one 3.5 Sisk. Side 1 of the 5.25 startup disk includes PRODOS, APLWORKS.SYSTEM. four files for various kinds of memory expansion cards, a configuration file, a printer information file. and the SANE mathematics file. Side 2 of the 5.25 disk set includes the word processor and data base segments. Side 3 has the spreadsheet. Side 4 has the main and custom dictionaries for the spell- ing checker. Sides 1, 2, and 3 also all have a file called SEG.AW, which holds the desktop and main menu segments. Here's a complete list of the Apple- Works 3.0 program files: filename description size (blocks) PRODOS: 32 disk operating system APLWORKS . SYSTEM 26 main program file SEG.00 9 memory segment for 128K SEG.AM 9 for aux-slot memory SEG.XM 9 for std-slot memory SEG.RM 9 for IIgs memory SEG.EL 12 SANE elementary math functions SEG.ER Configuration file SEG.PR 9 Printer information SEG.AW 97 Desktop Interface and Main Menu SEG.WP 87 word processor SEG.DB 86 data base SEG.SS 76 spreadsheet MAIN. DICTIONARY (5.25 version is 254 blocks) CUST DICTIONARY + (expands as you add words) It's possible to create minimum- configuration disks that don't include all of these files. You need only the one memory segment file (SEG.00, SEG.AM, SEG.XM, or SEG.RM) that will be used by your machine. If you don't use the spreadsheet, you don't need SEG.SS; the data base, SEG.DB; the word processor, SEG.WP nor the dictionaries. And after you've configured your printers you no longer need SEG.PR. (Under AppleWorks 3.0, SEG.PR contains the list of supported printers, as dis- 402 8 &@ Apple2000 August 1989 played when you adda printer, and all the printer control codes and se- quences for those printers. Unlike earlier versions, it doesn't contain any variable configuration informa- tion about printers—that's been moved to the new SEG.ER, along with other configuration information. Third parties can now construct spe- cial SEG.PR files holding information for additional printers.) Desktop Enhancements AppleWorks 3.0 now has a single saneara interface for dealing with files on disks, which has the following features. Whenever a list of disk files is displayed on the screen (except when selecting custom dictionaries, which must be at the same directory path as the AppleWorks program files), the folk keys can be used to navigate thro directories (“OA" ier hold down the open-apple ™=B AppleWorks reads and displays the root directory of the next drive Ca-. (note: unshifted OQA->) adds highlighted subdirec- tory to pathname and displays the subdirectory’s contents (same as Return). GA-, (note: unshifted OA-<) deletes last subdirectory from pathname and displays prior subdirectory. Beeps in root di- rectory. OA-RETORN Selects current pathname and returns to previous menu. ESCAPE Returns to previ- ous menu without changing pathname. RETURN With files se- lected: loads selected files. With no files selected: File highlighted: loads the file. Subdirectory highlighted: same as OA-. Right/Left Select and dese~ lect files as before; beep if on subdirectory. Up/Down Move cursor up and down through directory listing, as before. QA-Up/Down Page up, page down. QA-1/0A-9 Top of list, bottom of list (OA-2 through OA- 8 do nothing). There are seven ways to display lists of files on disk from within Apple- Works 3.0. No matter what order the files are actually in on the disk, in the AppleWorks file listing they are grouped in the following order: word processor files, data base files. spreadsheet files, text files (well, text es are listed first when you “Make a new file” from a text file or a DIF file), other files, and subdirectories. Within groups the files are listed al- phabetically. All six of files are displayed when you “List all files on the current disk ” or “Delete files from disk” (Other Activities menu), when you “Make a new file from a DIF file” (data base and spreadsheet), and when you “Make a new file from a text (ASCII) file” (word processor and data base— as with earlier versions of Apple- Works, you can actually use this command to load any type of file into AppleWorks, not just text files, but you can only load one file at a time). When you “Get files from the cur- rent disk", only AppleWorks files and subdirectories are displayed. When you select a custom dictionary, only text files are displayed (the dictionar- jes have to be at the same pathname as the rest of the AppleWorks pro- gram). When you “Change Current Disk” using “ProDOS directory”, only subdirectories are displayed (if you insist. you can also in pa- thnames the old way sele “ProDOS directory* with OA-Return). AppleWorks 3.0 no longer supports “Make anew file from a Quick File file” (data base) or “Make a new file from a VisiCalc file” (spreadsheet). With the new commands, there's almost no reason to ever use choice 2 from the “Add files" menu (“Get files from a different disk"). Always select “The current disk” and if it's not the one you really want, use Tab to quickly display the one you do. Enhanced text file importing/ex- porting. Now that the word processor supports true tabs, more options are available for importing and exporting files. When you import a text file to the word processor, any embedded tabs (Control-Is) will be converted to Ap- pleWorks tabs. When you import a text file to the data base, AppleWorks 3.0 asks: Does the text (ASCII) file have: 1. Tabs between categories, Re- turns between records 2. Return after each category Ifyou select 2, AppleWorks will ask how many categories there are per record, Just as it does now. If me select 1, however, AppleWorks will be able to determine that itself and will skip the question. When printing toa text file from the word processor, the following menu appears: Should the text (ASCII) file have: 1. Standard text format with Tabs 2. Spaces substituted for tab stops 3. Returns after each line Option 3 is the equlvalent ofthe way current versions of AppleWorks print text files. Option 3 gives youa Return at the end of each line and embedded spaces rather than tabs. It's ideal for creating text files you intend to upload to an online service. Options | and 2, on the other hand, don't add Returns to the file. Returns appear only where they are in the oneal fe, which ts sully only at the end of paragraphs (this 1s how early versions of AppleWorks printed text files). Option 1 puts control-Is in the file; option 2 puts the correct number of spaces. Which is better depends on whether the software you're sending the text file to recog- nizes control-Is or not. When printing to a text file from the data base, the following menu ap- pears: Should the text (ASCII) file have: 1. Tabs between categories, Re- turns between records 2. Return after each category And when printing toa text file from the spreadsheet, you'll see: Should the text (ASCII) file have: 1. Tabs between columns, Returns between rows 2. Return after each cell (The AppleWorks 3.0 specifications also say that new subdirectories and exported text and DIF files will be created in the current data disk loca- tion unless the user enters a complete pathname. In previous versions, the user was forced to enter a complete pathname—a partial pathname wouldn't do. Based on the pre-release version of 3.0 Claris gave me to look at, this new feature wasn't imple- mented.) Smart Save Command When an AppleWorks file (but not a text or DIF file) is loaded from disk, AppleWorks will remember the pa- thname the file was in. OA-S still saves a file to the current disk loca- tion, as before, however, OA-Control- Snow sets the current disk location to the file's original pathname and then saves the file. When you use the main menu's Save Files option, AppleWorks 3.0 gives you a third option in addition to “Save the file on the current disk” and “First change to a different disk or directory”. That option is “Save the file to its original directory.” If the original directory can't be found because the user has switched disks, the “Gettin, errors trying to write at...” filecard appear. It allows the user to insert the correct disk and then “Try again” or to “Try a different location.” Clipboard Enhancements Three enhancements were made to the AppleWorks 3.0 clipboard. First, the only limit on the size of the clip- board is the amount of available memory. Second, you can now copy and move spreadsheet columns and blocks to and from the cljj (formerly you could only deal with entire rows). When co} or moving spreadsheet data back into a spread- sheet, the data on the clipboard over- August 1989 Apple2000 Be s writes pre-existing data. ‘The third clipboard enhancement allows you to use the clipboard to transfer data directly between the word processor, data base, and spreadsheet. When transferring data between the spreadsheet and the data base, 5) \isheet rows are equiva- lent todata base records and columns are equivalent to categories. When copying or moving data base or word processor data from the clip- board to the s| sheet, new rows are inserted for each record or line. The data will start in column A If there are no Tabs in word processor text, each whole line will be placed in a single cell in column A. If there are Tabs, additional cells will be used for each Tab. Numbers in data base cate- gories or between word processor Tabs will be converted to numeric val- ues. When co] or moving spread- sheet pagent 2 heacaata from the clipboard to the data base, new rec- ords are inserted for each row or line. The data starts in the first category. If there are more columns/Tabs than categories, the excess will be ignored: if less, the remaining categories will be blank. When copying or moving spread- sheet or data base data from the clip- board to the word processor, Tabs are automati inserted into the text to separate columns/categories. Re- turns at the end of each line separate rows/records. Other Desktop Changes Some other changes in AppleWorks 3.0 include the following: the program no longer asks the user to press the space after display of the title/ co} it screen during startup. If the system has a clock, AppleWorks 3.0 will read the system date during startup and not ask the user to enter the date. OA-Delete now deletes the charac- ter the cursor is on (or gobbles char- acters to the right of the cursor) in all parts of the program. Delete alone works as before. OA-right-arrow and OA-left-arrow move the cursor to the aaa of the aes word, right or in parts of the 5 When Control-Reset is pap: pleWorks 3.0 tries to return to the main menu rather than dropping into the Monitor. “Thermometers” similar to the one displayed while GS/OS is booting are used in leWorks 3.0 to indicate how quic! time-intensive tasks such as preloading files, sorting, printing. and searching dictionaries are moving along. A warning message appears whenever a duplicate file- name is added to the desktop (the Dineen appears in current versions only when adding a new file from disk: ler 3.0 it also appear when making a new file from scratch or when renaming a file.) Users can now print up to 255 copies ofa file. And the OA-H{ardcopy) command now issues a form feed to advance the paper after printing what's on the screen. Word Processor Enhancements Spellinmg Checker The new built-in spelling checker is accessed by pressing OA-V(erify spelling). This brings up the following one-line menu at the bottom of the screen: Verify spelling? All Word Block Dictionary Options “All” checks the spelling of the en- tire document. “Word” checks the spelling of the word the cursor is on, or the word to the left of the cursor if it's between words. “Block” allows the user to select a block of text and then checks the spelling of all the words in that block. “Dictionary” brings up a second menu that looks like this: Custom Dictionary? Get existing Create new Each time you start up AppleWorks 3.0, the configuration file is used to determine the name of the default custom dictionary. The first option allows you to switch from,the default custom dictionary to another one. The second option allows you to cre- ate a new, empty, custom dictionary and start using it. Dictionaries se- lected using the “Dictionary” option remain in use through the current session. The next time the user runs AppleWorks, however, the custom dictio: listed in the configuration file, es we'll look at later, is rese- cted. In addition, each time you start up AppleWorks 3.0, the cor tion file is used to determine whether you want to check spelling “in context” or “from a list", to determine whether you want a summary of the spelling changes you've made, and to deter- mine whether you want your sum- mary displayed on the screen or placed on the clipboard. (You can also choose to get the summary only with- out stopping to correct anything; this option was added so that teachers could quickly check homework-on- disk.) The “Options” selection in the “Ver- ify spelling?” menu allows you to se- lect the alternate checking method or alternate summary options for the current spell-check. (Your method/ summary selections are good one- time only and only ifyou select “All” or “Block” immediately after making the selection. Escape back to your docu- ment and you'll lose the selection. “Word” verifications are always in context and never include a sum- mary) en you verify spelling in context, AppleWorks proceeds nice the document stopping at each unknown word in the order in which they occur. ‘The document will be displayed on the screen with the unknown word highlighted in approximately the center of the screen. At the bottom of the screen you'll see the following menu: Unknown word? Replace Add to dic- tionary Ignore Skip Get sugges tions “Replace” allows you to type in a correction. First you'll have to specify whether the correction applies only to that instance or to all occurrences of the unknown word. “Add to diction- ary” adds the unknown word to the current custom dictionary. “Ignore” skips all occurrences of the unknown word. “Skip” skips just that one in- stance of the unknown word. “Get suggestions” brings up a list of pos- sible correct spellings for the un- known word. You can scroll through this list and replace the unknown word with the highlighted word by pressing Return. When you verify spelling from a list instead of in context, you are pre- sented an alphabetical list of all the unknown words in the document. You can use the four arrow keys to scroll through and select some or all of the wo in this list. Selected words can be added to the dictionary (OA-A). ignored (OA-D). or replaced by typing ina correction (OA-R). You can c to'correct selected words in context (OA-C), which is how you get the program to give you suggested spellings for the unknown words in the list. No matter which method you use, after you've dealt with all the un- known words, you'll be presented with an in-context display of all double double word pairs and you'll be hairs an opportunity to removeone ofthe duplicates. When verifying from a list. you can delete double words anytime by pressing OA-D. Looking only at spell-checking methods, AppleWorks 3.0’s built-in spelling checker is almost a twin of TimeOut Quickspell. The spelling summary, on the other hand, isanew feature that TimeOut QuickSpell doesn't have. The spelling summary is displayed on the screen or placed on the clip- board after you've finished checking a document. Here's a summary for file “Tax Estimtr.Doc,” which is a sample file from the National Apple- Works User Group that’s included on the AppleWorks 3.0 disk: Total words: 648 Unknown words: 5 Corrections made: 1 Unknown word CorrectionCount 2a 2 2b 2 documention documentation 1 estimator’ 89 1 vincenti <ADDED TO DICI> 1 10 @&e Apple2000 August 1989 “Total words” is a count of all the words in the document. Words that appear more than once are counted each time they appear. “Unknown words” shows how many unique, unknown words are in the document (this time words that appear more than once are counted just once); a list of these words and what action was taken with each follows. “Correc- tions made” shows how many of the unknown words were corrected. The list that follows shows each unknown word; whether it was corrected, added to the dictionary, or ignored/skipped; and a count of how many times it occurred in the document. As mentioned earlier, you can con- figure pe LaNio Mu skip the sum- mary completely, ive it on the acieen or to have it puaced ont the clipboard. And you can also configure it to immediately display the sum- on the screen without stopping to allow you to make corrections. As shipped, AppleWorks 3.0 is config- ul for no summary. in context checking, and a supplied custom dictiona: called CUST.DICTIONARY. OA-Options Menu; Control-Key Commands While the addition of a spelling checker ts significant in itself,a num- ber of other enhancements were also made to the word r. An extra line was added to the already crowded OA-O(ptions) menu, which allowed the addition of four new options. The added options are RJ (right justifica- tion), PD (print date), PT (print time), and SC to code). The addition of right justification finally gives AppleWorks a complete set of justification options. The others are (unjusti or left justifica- tion), JU (full justification), and CN (centered). In “addition, all four of these options can be inserted in a document with control-key com- mands: control-N (normal or left jus- tification), control-F (full justifica- tion). control-R (right justification). and control-C (center). Two additional control-key com- mands have been added to Apple- Works 3.0 (beyond control-B for bold- face on/off and control-L for under- line on/off, which are in current ver- sions). are control-P ( break). which has the same effect as the NP (new page) printer option and control-A (add-on), which inserts a ikipear token that can be used by add-on soi such as the TimeOut series. The following chart shows the complete list of AppleWorks 3.0 word processor control- commands: control-B boldface on/off control-L underline on/off control-N normal (left) justifi- cation control-F full justification control-R right justification control-C center control-P page break control-A add-on token The print date and print time op- tions insert the current date or time into a document as it is being printed. They work in much the same way as the PP (print fe number) printer option. Like PP, they are displayed as carets on the screen. The format of dates and times its configurable within AppleWorks 3.0, as we'll see in detail later: these options print the user-selected format, The SC (special code) option allows you to insert one of six user-defined printer codes into a document. These are also displayed as carets on the screen, As in current versions of AppleWorks, a description of what a caret represents appears in the center of the bottom line of the screen when the cursor is on a caret. Even this de- scription is user-definable for the six special codes. The codes can be used to turn on features some printers may have that AppleWorks doesn't other- wise support, such as alternate char- acter ists ee te fore : lan- guages). Or they can for ac- cents (for example, define a special code as “control-H “*—control-H ts the backspace command for most printers—and use {t to put a caret over the preceding letter} Real Tabs The addition ofreal tabs to the word processor has allowed a number of enhancements to AppleWorks 3.0, as seen earlier in the discussion of text file import and export options. More- over, “real tabs” mean that pressing the Tab key no longer inserts spaces into a document; it now inserts a “tab token”. When you adjust tab settings, the position of tabbed text in your document changes to match the new tab settings. This allows you to move whole columns of text right or left simply and easily. It also means the Tab can now reposition text rather than just reposition the cur- sor. (OA-Tab in the word processor works like Tab alone did in previous versions. There is now no way to back- tab In the word processor.) Different parts of a document are allowed to have different tab settings through the use of tab “rulers”. When you press OA-T{abs), you get a new prompt that looks like this: Tab ruler? Modify current Create new The “Modify current" choice allows you to change tab stops on the cur- rentruler asin current versions of Ap- pleWorks. The “Create New” choice gives you a new ruler, which initially has the same stops as the current ruler, and then allows you to modify oe stone oe you like. Amulet is in effect from the para, followin; the ruler until ayer few ruler is defined or the end of the document. The tabdisplay at the topofthe screen always shows the settings of the cur- rent ruler—as you move the cursor through a document the ai play wt change when you pass rulers, which, if you use OA-Z(oom), look like this: ——Tab Ruler Like any other printer option token, tab ruler tokens can be copied, moved, or deleted. However, the first tab ruler in a document doesn't have a token. To copy the first ruler you have to make a duplicate of it by pressing OA-1 to go to the top of the document, OA-Tiabs), “Create New”. and Escape. This creates a copyable token of the first tab ruler. Four kinds of tab stops are avail- able: left, center, right, and decimal. A normal, left-justified tab appears in the tab cere a the top of the screen asa“<*, Think of the point of the less- than sign as representing the tab stop and the arms as representing where the characters will go. A centered tab appears as “A. A right-justified tab appears as “>”, Adecimal tab ap, as “."; decimal tabs line up a column of numbers on the decimal point, as shown in the following table: symbol kind effect < left <stop is here x center text centers > right stop is here> . decimal $99.95 ‘When a new word processor file is created from scratch or a file from an older version of AppleWorks is added to the desktop, initial tab stops ap- pear every five spaces. All are left justified. Multi-Line Header and Footers The OA-O(ption) HE (page header) and FO (page footer) commands now insert two printer codes each into your document, a begin code and an end code. Any printer options or text entered between the codes will be used as the header or footer. Headers and footers can have any reasonable number of lines (more than half a page isn't reasonable). When copying, moving, or deleting headers they must be treated as a block, however, users can copy/move/delete parts of text and formatting that is between begin and end markers. Other Enhancements ‘The print menu now looks like this: Print from? Beginning This page Cursor Page to page Ifyou select the new “Page to page” option, you'll next be asked to select a printer. After that you'll be asked for beginning and ending page numbers. You'll know what page numbers you want to print, of course, because erty be smart enough to OA- {alculate page numbers) and see before you try to print. August 1989 Apple2000 @&Beiiu DA Zoom), pass been hanged sl so that printer options, aeaiag headers, footers, and most carets, are hidden in zoom-out mode. Zoom-in shows everything, as before. Placing a Boldface Begin or Under- line Begin at the beginning of a docu- ment and not matching it with a Bold- face End or Underline End will bold- face or underline the entire docu- ment. When using the Copy and Move commands, line numbers are no longer removed from the bottom ofthe screen. On machines with more than 256K of memory, the maximum number of lines in a word processor document is more than 16,000. As mentioned earlier, OA-Delete removes the character the cursor is on. OA-right/left arrow moves the cursor to the first character of the next word to the right or left. In addi- tion, the unshifted forms of OA-< and OA-> (actually OA-, and OA-.) move the cursor to the beginning and end of the current line. Data Base Enhancements The Multiple-Record Layout in the AppleWorks data base has been greatly enhanced by adding horizon- tal scrolling, left-side titles, and se- lectable user-defined layouts. The multiple-record layout now scrolls horizontally much like the spreadsheet. The unshifted forms of OA-< and OA-> move the cursor to the left and it edge of the document. OA-right /left-arrow move the cursor to the left and right edge of the screen. (The functioning of these key combi- nations in the spreadsheet and word processor is identical, with the excep- tion that in the word processor OA- right/left-arrow moves the cursor one word at a time rather than one screen at a time.) As in the spreadsheet, you can force the left-most categories to stay on the screen during horizontal scrolling by setting titles. The com- mand for this is OA-T(itles). When you press OA-T, the cursor must be to the right of (rather than on top of) the categories you want stuck on the screen. When you press OA-L{ayout) froma multiple-record layout, you get a new menu that looks like this: 1. Change the existing record layout 2. Get a layout from a report format (If no report formats have been de- fined, this menu doesn’t appear.) If you choose to get a layout from a report format, you're next presented a list of available formats. Select one, tell AppleWorks whetheryou want the cursor to go down or across when you press Return, and your multiple-rec- ord display changes to match that of the report format. This gives you an easy way to flip between different multiple-record “views” of your data. Likewise, when you tell AppleWorks you want to create a new “tables” report format for printing, you'll see a new menu that asks: Create a new “tables” format: 1. From scratch 2. From the current record layout If you select 2, all the layout work you've done in multiple-record format will be transferred to your new report format. Further modifications are possible if you desire. You can now have up to 20 report formats per file, instead of just 8 as before. If you are working with a la- bels-style format, the OA-O(ptions) command in the data base now in- cludes an item called “columns” at the bottom of the “left and right margins” section. This allows you to print sev- eral labels across a page. You can specify any number between 1 and 24, although svt over 5 makes for a very narrow label. The OA-Flind) command now dis- plays the following menu: Find text? Anywhere In a specific category “Anywhere” produces a search just like the one current versions atAShie: Works do. If you select “In a specific category”, you'll be presented a list of categories in the file and allowed to select just one. This allows you to find bad clients named “Smith” without ding your clients who live on “Blacksmith Road”, or who live in “Smithsville*, or who work for the “Smithsonian”. The OA-A(rrange) command now displays the following menu: Arrange (sort) on? Category (nnnnnnnn) Several categories In the position where I put “nnnnnnnn” in this example you'll actually see the name of the category the cursor was on when you pressed OA-A. Selecting that produces a sort you'll recognize from current versions of AppleWorks. If you select “Several categories” instead, you can select up to three and an arrangement order for each. The screen resembles the OA- Record select) screen while you do this. As you would expect, the sorts are done in reverse order from the way you select them, so that the last sort is done on the first category se- lect. For example, if you select the “city” category and then the “last name” category from a mailing list data base, final arrangement will be by city, with records sorted by name within the city groups. Other Enhancements After pressing OA-L{ayout) in single-record format, you can now press OA-Tiitles) to make category names appear in inverse. Ifyou enter a “@" in a date fleld ora time fleld and press Return, Apple- Works will replace it with the current date or time. On machines with more than 256K of memory, the maximum number of records in a data base document is now more than 16,000. Spreadsheet Enhancements The two primary enhancements to the spreadsheet in AppleWorks 3.0 are the addition of a fe number of new functions and the ability to refer- ence text in formulas. There are 26 new spreadsheet func- tons. Here's a complete list: Arithmetic functions @MOD (number, divisor) Returns the remainder of: number divided by divisor. @Pr Returns 3.1415927 GEXP (number) Returns e raised to the power of number @LN (number) Returns the natural logarithm of number @LOG (number) Returns the base 10 logarithm of number, called @L0G10 by some other spreadsheets. Trigonometric functions @DEG (number) Converts number, which is an angle in radians, to degrees. @RAD (number) Converts number, which is an angle in degrees, to radians. &COS (number) Returns the cosine of number, which is an angle in radians. @ACOS (number) Returns the angle in radians whose cosine is number. @SIN (number) Returns the sine of number, which is an angle in radians. @ASIN (number) Returns the angle in radians whose sine is number. @TAN (number) Returns the tangent of number, which is an angle in radians. @ATAN (number) Returns the angle in radians whose tangent is number. @ATAN2 (x-number, y-number) Returns the angle in radians whose x and y coordinates are x-number and y-number. Logical functions @TRUE Returns the value true (1) @FALSE Returns the value false (0) @NOT (number) Returns false if number is true and vice-versa 12 2 8 Apple2000 August 1989 @ISBLANK (ref) Returns true if cell (ref) is empty, else false @ISERROR (ref) Returns true if cell (ref) is “ERROR”, else false @ISNA (ref) Returns true if cell (ref) is “NA”, else false Financial functions @TRR (range, guess) Returns the internal rate of xeturn of the cash flow in range. @IRR uses iteration. It repeats the calculation until the values converge. If they don’t converge after 20 iterations the function returns an error. In this case, try a different value for the guess parameter. @FV (rate, term, pmt [, pv, type] ) Returns the Future Value of a series of equal payments when the interest rate per period, number of periods, and payment are known. The optional pv parameter in brackets allows you to give a beginning value to the cash flow (defaults to zero if not specified). The optional type parameter specifies whether payments occur at the beginning (1) or end (0) of the period (defaults to zero). @PV (rate, tern, pmt [, fv, type) ) @TERM (rate, pmt, pv[, fv, type] ) @PMT (rate, term, pv[, fv, type]) These functions return Present Value, Term, and Payment of a series of equal payments. You must know the interest rate per period and two of the values to calculate the third. The optional fv parameter allows you to give an ending value to the cash flow. See @FV for an explanation of the type parameter. @RATE (term, pv, fv) Calculates the interest rate of a lump sum transaction when the Term, Present Value, and Future Value are known. The Term, Present Value, and Future Value of lump sum transactions can be calculated using the other financial functions with Payment set to zero. The interest rate of a transaction involving a series of payments can’t be determined by formla— don’t try to use this function to do it. Ifyou're interested in more informa- tion on how the financial functions wok a sy book a Your Best interest, urs: , 1s a great place to learn ($9.95: }-00 1). Other Enhancements As mentioned in the section on the clipboard, blocks of spreadsheet data can be copied and moved to and from the clipboard with AppleWorks 3.0. Print All now prints as many columns as it can on the first page, then prints the next group of columns, then the next group of columns, until all col- umns are printed. In earlier versions, printing stopped after the first group of columns. When copying thin worksheet”, the user can press OA- Return to select either “No change” or “Relative” and pepe will copy all subsequent cell references in that manner without as! again. OA-N or OA-R also work for this. The maxi- mum number of rows in the spread- sheet is 9.999 on machines with 256K of memory or more. New Configuration Menu In earlier versions of AppleWorks, items 6 and 7 on the Other Activities menu were “Select standard location of data disk” and * information about your printer(s)". In AppleWorks 3.0 these have been replaced by an item that reads, “Select standard settings for AppleWorks". The “Standard Settings” file card includes the following items: 1. Change preloading 2. Select standard Spelling Checker settings 3. Change date format 4. Change time format S. Select standard location of data disk 6. Specify information about your printer (s) Item 1 allows the user to select which modules (word processor, data base, spreadsheet, none, any two, or all) will be loaded into memory when AppleWorks starts up. The more modules preload, the longer it takes and the more eokton memory you use up. On the other id, you can switch from one preloaded mod- ule to another very quickly. The de- fault preload for 5.25 disks is “none” and for 3.5 disks it's “all.” Item 2 allows you to configure the spelling checker. There are three configuration options— name of the custom dictionary, standard spellin; method (“In context” or “From a list"), and standard summary setting (“No summary", “Put summary on clip- board", “Put summary on screen”, and “Screen si only; don't correct spelling”). Defaul its are CUST.DICTIONARY, “in context”, and “No summary". Item 3 allows you to select a date format that will be used throughout AppleWorks. Here's the date selection menu: 1. Mon DD, YYYY (April 11, 1988) 2. MM/DD/YY (4/11/88) 3. DD Mon YYyY (11 April, 1988) 4. DD/MM/YY (11/4/88) With the options that spell out the month name (1 and 3) the year won't be displayed if it hasn't been speci- fied. Snr eie dates a eee year— the current year none is specified. In data base date fields, month names are abbreviated to three characters no matter which format you choose here. However, items 1 and 2 put the month first in data base date flelds, items 3 and 4 put the day first. The default setting is number 1. Item 4 allows you to select a time format. The default is AM/PM format. Here's the time selection menu: 1. AM/PM twelve hour format 2. Twenty-four hour format Item 5, “Select standard location of data disk", is unchan, from cur- rent versions of AppleWorks. Item 6, “Specify information about ur printer(s)", works much like Tess but includes several new op- tions. As mentioned earlier, the SEG.PR file that comes with Apple- Works 3.0 contains information for more printers, Here's a complete list: Apple Daisy Wheel, Dot Matrix, ImageWriter, ImageWriter II, ImageWriter LQ, Scribe, Silentype Brother HR1O, HR20, HR2S, HR3S Epson MX, MX/Graftraxt, FX, RX Juki 5500 series, 6300, 6500 Okidata 192, 193, 82A, 83A, 84, 92, 93 Panasonic 1080, 1091, 1092 6100, 6200, Sprint 5, Sprint 11 If this list isn't long enough, Apple- Works 3.0 allows you tS hate three custom printers, not one as in earlier versions. But even better than that, 3.0 allows you to customize the codes of built-in printers, as well. This means you could add an ImageWriter Il to your list of printers and then change just the codes for boldface begin and end. You wouldn't need to enter a long list of new codes for your custom printer's other options as you do with cone Mapas But beyond even it, you now get six Special Printer Codes. These codes are selected in the word proces- sor using the new OA-O(ptions) SC (special code) feature mentioned ear- lier. Six distinct special codes can be saved for each printer, however, only one set of names for the codes can be saved, The names appear at the bot- tom of the word processor screen when you put the cursor on a Special Codes caret. Using the Special Codes, you no longer have to give up boldface August 1989 Apple2000 ae 13 to get italics, and so on. AppleWorks 3.0’s underlining pow- ers have been strengthened. It can send the correct underlining codes to any printer that has underlining abilities. When entering printer codes, the “end of code” key is now OA-Return instead of the caret. This means all 128 ASCII characters can now be entered and used as printer codes. New File Formats AppleWorks 3.0 can read and write files created on earlier versions of Ap- pleWorks. However, because of the new features in AppleWorks 3.0, older versions of Works will not be able to read created by Apple- Works 3.0 if new features are used. If new features are not used, however, AppleWorks 3.0 saves files in the old si ard format. Files will be saved in the new format when the following features are used: Word Processor One or more tab characters Any type of tab other than left justified Multiple tab rulers Headers or Footers Any of the new OA-O(ptions) Right Justify Print Date Print Time Special Codes More than 7,250 lines Data Base Using more than 8 report formats More than 6,350 records Spreadsheet Any new function Any formla that retums a label The use of literal strings (“for example”) in functions Data below row 999 The new file formats will be made available to developers. Claris reports that more than 750,000 copies of AppleWorks have been sold and that AppleWorks and AppleWorks GS own 40 per cent of the market share for integrated microcomputer software. «¢ We have reviews of AppleWorks 3.0 organised, and shall be bringing you these reviews as soon as possible. At the time of Gays Absa os 3.0 has not yet been shipped. Owners of TimeOut utilities will require an wu) le to AppleWorks 3.0. They should get this from their local Beagle Buddy. MGA in Kent is our local Buddy for the UK. and you should contact Jon Gurr in due course, le Brothers have also acquired the rights to all the old leWare products except for AppleWorks GS of course. will re-released shortly in fie packaging. Ed « Assemblers Members from time to time request information on assemblers for the Apple // family and books on assem- bly language to assist them. For Apple llgs users this m: ine contains a review of the latest version of Merlin which is now in the Merlin 8/16 pack- age and titles Merlin 16+. Merlin 16+ runs under GSOS and ProDOS 16. Assemblers for the Apple }{ com- puter were available virtually from the inception of the machine; indeed it came with its own, courtesy of Steve Wozniak, ‘mini assembler’ in ROM. I acti still use the ‘mini assembler’ in the ROM of my Apple Ilgs for writing very small programs and | am sure that many others do, too. The ‘mini assembler’ isn't a real assembler since you can't use labels. Real assemblers for the Apple ][ computer followed the ‘boot-strap’ course. The first were written in Inte- ger BASIC and later these assemblers would be used to re-write themselves to give, mainly, a 5) advantage. One of the first of these assemblers was Merlin, written by Glen Bredon, published by Roger Wagner's com- pany. This original Merlin is still available and is the only one of the Merlin family that will work on the Apple }{ plus computer and will still work on all later Apple // computers, ve This version ae ana by MGA licrosystems at .95 + postage. Another assembler for the Apple }[ plus is the Microsparc assembler by Alan and Valeric Flocter and available from MGA at £49.95. Microsparc is the software arm of Nibble magazine. ‘There were many other assemblers available during the day of the Ere ]{ plus but I couldn't find any of them still in publication, now. Books that might help Over the years many good books on saverbly sAnguage ps ‘i ame and rogramming the ve ben published. Some specialist ines have become available, too; in icular one by Bob Sander Cedelof author of the assembler which ts available to purchasers of his assembler. Most assemblers come with a manual that, hopefully, de- scribes the use of the product but does not give pus mate on rogram! . Here, then isa ist of | books Svailabbie with some com- ments:- Programming the 6502 — by pcg fern} This k describes, in quite some detail, the ‘instruction set and ad- dressing modes of the 6502 micro- processor in all classical Apple / computers’. The last half of the book is used to describe sub-routines that many users might require. There are many other similar books by other authors. faa Ron Lichty Da’ iJ Ron Lic! Like theabove this ac eacribes the full instruction set of the 65816 but includes the 65802, 65C02 and 6502 which use a subset of the 65816 instruction set. Sample sub-routines and the code for a debugger are in- cluded. 65816/65802 Assembly Language programming — by Michacl Fischer This book is somewhat similar to the above in that it covers the instruc- ton set and addressing modes of the two microprocessors. Many pro; - ming sub-routines are included. All these books are very good refer- ences and conveniently contain dif- ferent sub-routine examples. Books aimed to teach beginners the art of Assembly language program- ming are not so common. The two main ones are:- 1) Assembly lines by Roger Wagner which is a compilation of articles by the author in Soft Talk magazine. This book and the articles excellent reading for all classic Apple // users: even Apple IIgs users benefit. 2) Apple Ilgs Machine Language for beginners jer Wagner. A review of this hej gig peices else- where in this magazine. This list cannot hope to be complete and any feedback from members would be welcomed. Making it all work Hang ups! When your program unexpectedly ‘hangs’ check your printer first. Quite often hangin, Programs will be waiting for a hand- s) from your printer and as no message appears printer problems are not always obvious. This problem occurs quite often even with pro- that you wouldn't expect to be trying to access the printer! No program can be sure of being free from bugs when you first run it. Get to think laterally, it will never be the obvious that is the cause of a persistent bug. The most common problem is overlapping variables, Be careful and do not use offsets from a single variable unless you keep care- ful track of what you have done. Add copious remarks to your as- sembly listings, this way you will remember what you did when you look at the listings later. Dave Ward € 4 @ G@ Apple2000 August 1989 i” SoftCat Corner aa PRICING REGULATIONS Vernon Quaintance's letter on page 3 of the June issue of Apple2000 regarding consumer pricing is apt on! MGA SoftCat pioneered truly-inclusive pricing policies in the Apple II market back in ‘87 with the inception of “WYSIWYP" - an acronym meaning “What You See Is What You Pay”, (with acknowledgement to Iain McHugh for helping me smooth the expression into a more familiar- sounding word). I think companies selling to the public, (as most do), should consider being more realistic. After all; it's all very well offering a product at £859.57 + VAT (excluding delivery), but the truth for consumers is actu- ally £1000.00 (after adding £10.00 delivery and 15% VAT). FOREIGN FONTS (ad infinitum/ad nauseam) June Baker's letter (pp3/4) prompts me to advise that foreign fonts do exist for Print Magic. MGA have available over 150 additional fonts for PM including “Print Magic FontPak Vol.4* which includes ARABIC, CYRILLIC, EU- ROPEAN, HEBREW, HIRAGANA. KATAKANA, RUSSIAN. and SANSKRIT. Price is £19.99, and the disk is compatible with Print Magic, Fontrix, as well as Printrix. As far as Print Shop is concerned, the problem here is that PS doesn't use a complete character set, so there is simply no room to include special foreign characters. Having said that; we do offer a couple of disks which include Cyrillic & Hebrew fonts, although these, of course, are no toJune. (Currently: MGA have ten additional Font Libraries available for PS, each costing just £3.99). On the MultiScribe front, however; users of this excel- lent program should be aware of “MultiScribe FontPak 6” which contains the following foreign fonts:- ARABIC, HEBREW, POLISH, CHEKHOV, TOLSTOY, GERMAN, SPANISH, PORTUGUESE. SWEDISH. DANISH. ITALIAN. NORWEGIAN, and FRENCH, for just £19.95. (Eight FontPaks are now available for MultiScribe). VT-52 TERMINAL EMULATION Should Malcolm have contacted MGA. (see pp5). he would have been advised that the ideal piece of software would have been “ProTERM™ from CheckMate. ProTERM. supports both VT-52 as well as VT-100. costs £99.99 (just over £10 more than Gazelle), and requires a IIGS, //c, or enhanced //e. (budget //e enhancement kits are cur- rently available from MGA for just £39.95). PRINT MAGIC / PRINT SHOP BORDERS Cameo Entertainments brought up the age-old problem (pp5) of incompatibilities between competing vendors of Apple Hi graphics software. Print Shop Graphics are indeed compatible with Print Magic, but not vice-versa. PS bor- ders are uniquely formatted and will not work with any other non-Broderbund program. My personal solution to this is to use PS to printa bunch ofsheets with the required border. rewind the continuous paper, (make sure to switch off your Prntet to avoid possible damage), then use PM (without border) to produce your masterpiece. Incidentally. MGA have 5 additional disks containing extra borders for PS, each priced at just £3.99. APPLE II PRESTEL/VIEWDATA Following Stuart Aitken’s (pp6) letter, it seems relevant to mention a little Apple }[ history regarding the (strange) 23 1200/75bps standard. In the past there were many options open to the II user wishing to connect to a 1200/ 75 system. Latterly, however; the on! to do this, (as most available serial cards would not support split baud rates), was to use a combo of Data Way / Mastercard / Nightingale (or other V23 modem). Since both Data HighWay and MasterCard were discontinued, users have been forced to source second-user cards as well as soft- ware in order to use 1200/75. When the cards became almost unobtainable, the only solution was to fund an expensive modem which offered speed-buffering, (such as a Miracle WS-4000). Now, however; the situation has eased, and the ae n user may breathe more easily. Pace have made all their Linnet modems eminently suitable with the addition of speed-buffe: on all models. This means that you no iongee have to a card that supports split baud rates, and indeed; //c and IIgs users may use the built-in ports. Although mentioned earlier that Data HighWay has been discontinued: it has been resurrected in the form of “Antelope”, (available through Apple 2000), and this is the ideal ViewData comms vehicle for }[+ users. The Antelope supports the //c port but not the IIgs port, but IIgs users may use the excellent “Gazelle” software to the same effect. ANTELOPE £25.00 (ex APPLE 2000) GAZELLE £74.95 (ex MGA SoftCat) SUPER SERIAL compatible 259.95 (ex MGA SoftCat) LINNET V21/V23 £175.00 (ex MGA SoftCat) LINNET V21/V23/V22 £239.95 (ex MGA SoftCat) Jon Gurr (Apple II Product Manager, MGA SoftCat) A nibble Best Seller .... The NIDDI@ Investor speats tor seu. With GRAPHICS! Hi-Low-Close Price 13 Week Moving Avg. 52 Week Moving Avg. Price Strength Average Volume Average Price Quick Portfolio Analysis Portfolio List Yield Analysis Market Gain/Loss Sales Gain/Loss And Comprehensive Reports! Master Market and Sales Gain/Loss Reports ee rmsTEn 8 ConnDgT reerT <comission ace To cost) tere 8 aT Wr mT anvons + CONT CUR PR CUR Um AT WS CRILOSS BL x BL Neat & wae si Wenee bee F terse con m3 tear. tone) we news On con se res Ta ee OnT To GADN/LOBEY (oe) Tom caters: Bonus! The Personal Investor disk also includes Bond Manager for powerful analysis of yields on Bond investments, and The Investor Price File Editor, a utility to let you add and delete records in the Nibble Investor's price files. Order The Investor now for £29.95 MGA SoftCat PEAR TREE é APPLEDORE, KENT ™ TN26 2AR ENGLAND TEL: (0233) 83571 FAX: 83561 TELEX: 94070358 PEAR G rensonal Cousuttn BOrTmanL b ACCES HOMES August 1989 Appie2000 Qe is Merlin 16+ Dave Ward looks a t Glen Bredon's Grand Daddy of the Ilgs Assemblers When I reviewed Merlin 8/16 in Apple 2000 magazine April 1988 pp44 I expected that the program would remain much the same with slight improvements from time to time. Glen Bredon the author of Merlin ts a pro- lific programmer and has almost to- tally re-written Merlin 16 so that it operates under GSOS and ProDOS 16 version 1,6, and added a great deal extra too. Merlin has been around a long time and has roots from the original TED le TED Ey wasn ay any Apple Computer Inc. and A Seed pro; in Integer BASIC. Glen Brecon based his Merlin on TED II+ but wrote it in machine code; Roger Wagner publishing, then South- western Data Systems, marketed the product in November 1981. A little later Merlin appeared under the brand-name Big Mac from the CALL A.P.P.L.E for its members, only. Merlin- 16+ is available to owners of Merlin 8/16 as an upgrade consisting of two 3.5" diskettes and a 64 page supplemen manual. The two diskettes are /MERLIN which con- tains the program running under ProDOS 16 version 1.6 and the neces- sary support files. The second disk- ette /MERLIN.SAMPLES contains source files and other goodies which we'll mention later, To use Merlin-16+ take a look at some of these differ- ences between Merlin- 16+ and Merlin 16 which I reviewed in Apple 2000 magazine April 1988 pp44. Merlin-16+ Copyright 1989 by Glen Bredon Wednesday 15-MAR-89 7:42:44:PM Catalog :Load source :Save source zAppend file :Disk command :Full screen editor Save object code Utility menu sQuit Source: A$0040,L$0000 epcomerara Prefix: /RAM2/MERLIN * The version number is now at 4.xx which indicates Merlin-16+. Merlin 16 had a version 3.xx and is appar- still being marketed as it willrun on 128K Apple //e and Apple //c computers where the 65CO02 chip has you will need an Apple IIgs with 1 been replaced a 65C802 chip. megabyte of extra memory. If you Roger Wagner Publishing actually wish to make use of /RAM5 disk you supply the 65C802 chip for this very will re- purpose so quire a j ; that pro- card with | MERLIN-16+ version 4.00 | grammers greater | | can use capacity | Copyright 1989 1 these two than the | 1 machines to Apple 1 1 by Glen E. Bredon and | write Apple pal reed ! | Hgs pro- card. i} Roger Wagner Publishing, Inc. 1 . Mer- When | ' fin versions you boot All cights reserved. ' Q.xx were yer 1 27-FEB-89 12:24:41 AM \ ne bt diskette | ‘later Merlin ou will | ! 8 for 128K 6. Pree Apple // sented with the main menu which would be familiar to even the earliest users of Merlin on a 48K Apple ]| plus, back in 1981. This apparent familiar- ity belies a plethora of changes. Let's computers, incidentally you can still write Apple IIgs programs with ver- sions 2.xx by creating your own spe- clal macros. Versions 1.xx were for the Apple ]| plus and these versions still run on an Apple IIgs!! Looking down the menu those fa- miliar with Merlin will notice the new entry U - Utilities. Press U and you will instantly see the menu below: Merlin Utilities Q-Quit C-Catalog X-Copy files T-Type files L-Lock files U-Unlock files D-Delete files E-Exhume files v-Verify files R-Rename files TAB-Menu change S-Sort directory F-Change file date /-Create directory N-Show volume names B-Toggle bell, now: ON P-Toggle prompting, now: ON Wednesday 15-Mar-89 7:42:59 PM Merlin Utilities TAB-Main menu Q-Quit M-Move files D-Dump files F-Format a disk E-Erase a volume K-Compare files C-Compare directories L-Locate string V-Volume copy Wednesday 15-Mar-89 7:43:23 PM This set of utilities also appears in the latest version of ProSel, which is reviewed elsewhere in this magazine, ProSel-16. Those familiar with Glen Bredon's ProSel (ProDOS Selector) will notice that the above screens are almost identical to the CAT.DOCTOR utility, except for a number of enhance- ments, of course. Many users of Mer- lin have found that the lack of file manipulation utilities is a drawback over some of Merlin's competitors such as Apple Computer Inc. Apple Pro Ts Workshop (APW) and ORCA/M by The ByteWorks. In a single bound from Merlin 16 to Mer- lin-16+ one of the best file manipula- 16 Apple2000 August 1989 tion utilities has been made available to Merlin users. The CAT DOCTOR was described in some detail in my review of ProSel version 3.0 in Apple 2000 magazine June 1988. Since that time, however, many changes have been made and a number of addi- tions, too. The Commands Since Merlin version 2.xx there has been a “shell mode” or “command mode” available by pressing D :Disk command from the main menu. This is not avery friendly interface since all you get is a prompt and a cursor waiting for you to enter a command. Earlier versions of Merlin allowed you to some ProDOS commands here and a few extra ones. The main pur- poses of this mode a to allow users CATALOG disks, change PRE- FiXes and to install “user p 4 such as PRINTFILER etc. The Full Screen Editor is retained in Merlin 16+ and even though it looks very similar to the Full Screen Editor in Merlin 16 running under ProDOS 8 many enhancements have been added. 1) The screen now scrolls horizon- tally as you enter text. delete text or move the cursor about; there is nowa maximum 255 characters line. 2} Bowing, down the ‘Appl key and any keypad number 1-9 moves the screen through the text just like AppleWorks and better stilf you can coligice Men 16+ so that the fe numbers are swapped with the id numbers to make it more like App Works. 3} The Editor stores information in the source file so that when you re- turn to the Editor you return to the Pe position spices the eae ri Press! ie + S wor! ina similar ay toAppleWorks except that you are prompted with the file- name to allow you to change it if you wish. To accept just press return, though. You can even configure Mer- lin 16+ to keep a backup as follows: When you press OA-S the old backup is deleted and the last saved file is renamed as a new backup and then the file you wish to save is saved, 5) History is a new feature whereby the last 40001! (not factorials) key- strokes are recorded so that you can back out of changes easily at anytime by pressing OA-U the required num- ber of times. Pressing control-S twice will let you see all the steps recorded in the history (undo) buffer. The first control-S gives the little table below:- | | Free: 64860 Used: 611 | 1 | History: 14 steps. Clip: 16 1 The next control-S gives the whole history in a scrollable box. 6} The command box is still avail- able by pressing OA-O and will now accept many more commands includ- ing all the ‘shell mode’ commands as discussed earlier. For instance you can CATALOG the current directory pointed to by the current PREFIX. return to end a command returns control to the Editor but ressing Enter key on the k Rave control with the comman: ready for another command. Merlin 16+ has four 64K byte buff- ers which are as follows :- Buffer POEditor B>Put file SWAP Swaps A with B C>Use file SWAPU Swaps A with C D>Clipboard SWAPC Swaps A with D This is a really useful Command Box feature and will let you Swap in the Use file, for instance, and edit it. Then go to the main menu to save the new Use file; return to the editor Swap back to the main program and as- semble. 7} Older versions of Merlin required separate utilities for Sourceror and Macgen. Merlin 16+0n the other hand has these as part of the program and they can be invoked from the Com- mand Box. For instance to disas- semble a file from disk you just enter DIS “filename” in the Control Box. Macgen is Just as simple. Command Action How fast does it Assemble? All versions of MERLIN are very fast at linking and assembling and I have Cneunied a little table to show grams many of which have been con- tributed by other programmers. For instance Dave Klimas one of the au- thors of HyperStudio has re-written the Apple IIgs tool box macros which aiitoreatieally place the correct data on the stack. These are called Super Macros and only take one line short- ening listings and making them usu- more readable. urce files are also available such as SKELETON.S which can be used as a springboard for your Apple IIgs desktop programs. Many other source files are ai le for both — 65816 routines. Nifty List by Day ns is given as a ad with ern 16 the br ed fee pre-pai Roger Wagner Pabhshne Nifty age spon oon CDA for pro; Ts to examine memory and mble code etc. Another CDA, Internals, by Kasmarek is given free. Internals as one might expect gives valuable infor- mation pathnames, segment tables, tools, CDA/NDAs and memory. Conclusion Merlin 16+ has been written with the user in mind; the text screen is used to give improved speed. Every- thing associated with the program has been aes to make the prepa- ration, assembly and linking of ma- chine code programs as quick and pleasant as possible. During use of the package I did not succeed in find- ing any real bugs. Merlin, in my opin- ion, simple to use, very fast and ideal for beginners to experts. Dave Ward é Merlin version Processor speed MERLIN-16+ Fast MERLIN 16 Fast MERLIN 8 Fast MERLIN 8 Slow length of source time to assemble 873 lines 1.8 = 29,100 lines/sec 873 lines 4.2 = 12,471 lines/sec 873 lines 5.6 = 9,353 lines/sec 873 lines 13.0 = 4,029 lines/sec Merlin_16+ allows one to use much larger source files than the one above with only 873 lines. With larger source files the speed ratio between Merlin 16 and Merlin-16+ will ap- proach a factor of 3.00; the above is just 2.33. Most source code files will assemble at rates between 24,000 and 35,000 lines per minute. The manual boasts that up to 40,000 lines per minute ts possible but it is un- likely that you'll achieve that often; source consisting of only code with- out comments can, at best, reach 41,000 lines per minute and source consisting of just comments will almost always exceed 150,000 lines per minute. Therefore. source files with a lot of comments will appear to assemble at faster line rates!! The Extra Utilities On the two diskettes there area vast array of utilities and support pro- info Product : Merlin 16+ Publisher : Glen Bredon Available from : MGA Softcat Pear Tree Appledore Kent TN26 2AR (0233) 83571 Price : £99.99 inc VAT Value : Performance : Documentation : éédd eddde éeddd August 1989 Apple2000 Applied Apple Spreadsheeting STE a eee YE ead (2) Incorporating blocks of data into your Spreadsheet application Paul McMullin continues his series Last month we covered the tech- niques of getting data into your elec- tronic spreadsheet. You will often find that sucessive batches of data need to be subjected to organization and data extraction in order to ae duce useful reports. Spreadsheet Pro; s which allow classification of data by one or more fields or col- umns may be useful for this. You can classify and extract data data even if your spreadsheet program does not have this facility. We are now going to look at some ways of Seine this by using the inherent power of the elec- tronic spreadsheet. Within certain limits (which vary among the tech- niques shown) you should be able to adapt these tricks to deal with much larger problems. I.) Nested If functions In Figure 1 we have a block of data representing the yield of 3 different varieties of potato, each of which were planted in three different plots. In each group of 3 plots all three varie- ties are planted but the order is ran- dom. Our objective Is to produce the table on the right which separates the data by treatment and calculates the mean for each treatment. The representative formulae in Fig lb show how the data were trans- ferred in this case, Nested @IF func- tions were used to check the number of the variety in column B for FAcH plot in the group sucessively un' a match is found, in which case the yield is returned. Note that the only thing that changes in the formulae from one column to the next is the treatment number. When we scan down a column on the other hand the treatment number remains the same but the cell references vary according to the group of plots. Admittedly this technique is pretty