Apple 2000 Vol 5 No. 1 1990 01 BASUG GB

Bidmuthin Technologies Ltd. Best for Apple II The official UK agent for Applied Engineering - to expand AppleWorks - with AppleWorks Desk Accessories - to expand the //e - with AppleWorks GS - with IIGS Accelerator - with IIGS Networking (@} - with MS-Dos on the Apple II - with SCSI drives for the Apple II B - Best for Hardware = I - Best for Software = - Best for Advice = - Best for Support = - Best for Service = Zemeceo - Sometimes, even the best prices = AA STILL AVAILABLE A wide range of products for //e, GS & Il+, including: Trans Warp GS - more than doubles the speed of the IIGS TransWarp - The RELIABLE accelerator for the //e & II+ | Brent House, 214 Kenton Road, | Harrow, Middlesex HA3 SBT Tel. (01) 907 8516 Fax. (01) 907 4398. Apple2000 The All Apple User Group including Macintosh February 1990 Apple2000 P.O.Box 3, Liverpool, 121 8PY Si Spe 4042 Fax. #51 $29 G:30)7 CONTENTS Chairman's Corner Ewen Wannop 2 Letter Box 3 Hardcore Pips John Sharp, Martin Rogers 6 AppleXxtras — for the Apple II 10 Library Update - for the Apple II 12 Corruption — a review Keith Rookledge 13 Sub Battle — a review Robert Hornby 13 Apple /// — how to install drivers Mike Kramer 14 AppleWorks 3.0 — Q&A's William Marriott 17 ‘Typing Tutor IV — a review Terry Morris 20 IIgs to SCART — connection details Jihad Jaafar 21 A cheap(ish) LaserWriter Jeremy Quinn 22 Using the Finder as a Launcher Gary R Utter 23 Icon Tips Rob Moore & Jim Merritt 25 Some thoughts Anon 26 The Applied Ingenuity Drive — a review Jihad Jaafar 27 Hot Topics from Compuserve 28 Apple Finder — useful information Elizabeth Littlewood 30 Hotline News Dave Ward 32 Applefest — a reprise Joe Walters 33 The Nibbler 38 MacChat Norah Arnold 42 Publish It! Ewen Wannop 45 788-to-Mac — a review Norah Arnold 50 BETT Show E Wannop, D & I Flaxman 51 Being “Multifinder Aware” Rick Thomas 54 Division by Zero Blyth Software 57 Flying in PageMaker — a review Irene Flaxman 58 Network News 60 TN # 245 Font Family Numbers 64 Apple2000 Index 66 Members* Small Ads. 69 Apple2000 Workshop 70 HyperCard Forum 72 PostScript 7A The WDEF Virus John Norstad 75 AppleXtras — Mac Library 76 Local Groups 78 Members’ Small Ads. 80 Advertisers’ Index 80 There are a number of ways to contact Apple2000. Force users who have a query about the service can contact the adminis- trator, John Lee, directly for help and advice. Call him on the number opposite or send a message to his box on the Force. If you wish to order goods or services from Apple2000, call Irene on (5-41-4048 or (during offi hours) call Alison on (isis aut Both have Ansafones, in case they're not around. Alternatively you can Fax. to (iifill aHaeGiniiiy, write to the PO Box or (if you use comms) you can leave orders on TABBS addressed to the SYSOP. If you are experiencing problems with Apple hardware or software Dave Ward and Tony Dart run the Hotlines and will try and help you. We are very interested in the activities of local user groups, and if you have any information which you would like publicised John Lee would like to hear from you. We reserve the right to publish, without prejudice, any advice or comments given to members in the journals of Apple2000. A little praise for a few of our authors wouldn't go amiss. Send all comments, and contributions, via the PO box, especially suggestions about what you would like to see in your magazine. (( jple2000 supports users of all the Aj dees computers. The ITT 2020, I, I, I+, //e. //c, //er, Ugs, Sth, Lisa, XL, Mac 128, 512 MacPlus, SE, SE/30, Mac Il, Ilex, Ici, Ix and Mac Portable Contributions and articles for the magazine are always welcome. We can handle any disk size or format. Please send to the PO Box, L21 8PY, NOTE: In general the front half of the magazine is for the Apple II, Apple IIgs and Apple /// The back half for the Macin- tosh and Lisa. Look out for the descriptive page icons. Key: Apple Il. //e and //c Apple /// Apple IIgs Macintosh, Lisa Macintosh II eee Y moe Contact Points The Force and Local Groups John Lee Wake FD hava Administration Irene Flaxman Ol Gite Hee rece OU Sede NAIF Adverts / Admin. Alison Davies Grae Fanuis hoe oe Apple Il Hotline ave Ward Mon-Fri 1900-2100 Macintosh Hotline Tony Dart (GoEoHe Retin Mon-Fri 1900-2100 TABBS Ewen Wannop - SYSOP. Wihsebaree (CIS: Fak ti7tRAT _—— | February 1990 Apple2000 1 Chairman's Corner pes aa ea By the time you read this edito- rial, Alison Davies our adminis- trator, will be scanning Glouces- tershire for a new home. The move was sprung on Alison's husband Mike at very short notice. Until they have found themselves a new house, phone calls to the old number in Sevenoaks are being re-directed to Liverpool. We apolo- gise for this hiccup, especially if you were greeted by the Answer- phone, and hope to give you Al- ison's new phone number as soon as possible. Mike Davies is also our work- shop co-ordinator, and he has fixed up an event at Bidmuthin Technologies in Harrow. This event will cover both Apple II and Macintosh computers. These events are well attended and very popular, Steve Morrisby usually manages to put on some special offers on the day, but even with- out these, it gives us a chance to 1980-1990 a name! Check the details in the Macintosh section of this issue. We launch AppleXtras with this issue, and many of you will be receiving your first disks. It is still not too late to subscribe to the scheme, or to increase your disks from one to two. If you own both a Macintosh and a IIgs you could even get the whole three! Let us know what you think of the whole idea. We think it is an excellent way to keep you all up to date with the latest Public Domain and Shareware software. In the March issue of Apple Slices, you find full details of the Annual General Meeting of Apple2000. The date is not quite finalised at the moment, but we expect it sometime in the weeks after Easter. This is now the time foryou to decide how you can help Apple2000. We are a partnership of members who help each other through our expertise and knowl- may be, we always need yourhelp. The committee members are per- haps the hardest worked, and they would love to be able to shed some of the load. Come along to the AGM and offer your services. Even ifyou do not have the timeto be able to help directly, come along to the AGM and meet the committee and fellow members and enthusiasts. It is a great day out anda chance to air your prob- lems, see new computers and programs, or just jaw with old friends. 1990 promises to be another year to remember for the Apple connoisseur. This time last year, the IIgs+, SE/30, IIci and the IIex had not yet been announced, and here we are expecting the Ibd, a replacement for the SE and a budget colour Mac II. There are even strong rumours that the real enhanced IIgs may appear this year as well! System 7.0 is ex- pected to be shipped in the sum- mer, and when all the dust has died down, we should see the price of LaserWriters drop sharply, and the confusion of fonts increase! They tell us that we are not to worry, programs will be compatible with both systems for some time to come. I hope they are right. I have had many frus- trated hours harmonising exist- ing screen fonts and getting them to show correctly, and that is with the existing operating system! Do not forget to check both halves of the magazine, there are see the latest software and hard- edge, We are all volunteers, and always articles of interest in both ware, or even just to putaface to however little your contribution sections! Ewen Wannop (- Annual subscription rates are £25.00 for UK residents, The Editorial team Is: =) £30.00 for E.E.C. residents and £35.00 for other overscas members. Apple2000™ is a trading name of BASUG Ltd, a non- profit making independent company limited by guarantee. The contents of this journal are copyright of BASUG Ltd and/or the respective authors. Permission is granted for non- commercial reproduction providing the author and source are properly credited and a copy of the relevant journal is sent. The opinions and views expressed are those of the vari- ous contributors, and are not necessarily supported by BASUG Ltd. This journal is published bi-monthly by BASUG Ltd as a benefit of membership in February, April, June, August, October and December. The copy date is the Ist day of the month preceding publication. Advertising rates are available on request. Apple™ and the Apple logo are trademarks of Apple Computer Inc. Macintosh™ is a trademark of Macintosh Laboratory Inc and used with the express permission of the owner. Telecom Gold™ is a trademark of British Telecom ple. a FORCE™ and Apple2000™ are trademarks of BASUG & Apple Il Macintosh Ewen Wannop Norah Armold Irene Flaxman Many thanks to all those who work behind the scenes and who receive no personal credit. These people are the stalwarts of Apple2000. Additional thanks to Walter Lewis of Old Roan Press (051-227-4818) for our printing service, and to Ian Sharp of Sharp Studios (051-227-2788) for ourcover design. (Graphics for the cover design supplied by Apple Computer UK Ltd, Adobe Systems Inc., Cricket Software.) Apple2000 are Founder Members and Wholehearted Supporters of the Apple User Group Council J 2 Apple2000 — February 1990 IGS Mailbox Toledo ccna) th EHH St) USA Dear Mr. Wannop. A ‘flyer’ offered from MGA MicroSys- tems in Kent introduced Apple2 to me and | found my first copy of Apple2000 (Aug "89, Vol 4(4)) very interesting an eniran. I liked Network News and the MicroMate column, especially the article regard- ang the papi Iigs battery. nclosed is information which pro- vides another alternative for Apple Ilgs owners. one which does not re- quire special skills, challenges, tools, or techniques. Simply cut-snip the old battery leaving exposed as much as possible the battery's leads and then, ‘slide’ this new battery onto those leads (correct polarity ob- served). A simple task, an easy proce- dure taking one moment to under- stand whats to be done and less todo it. TABBS and ‘The Force/Telecom Gold’ BBS and databases are attrac- tive and I would like to explore further these systems. The task is how to access and to logon. The French MINITEL has come to the US. Though their ‘free’ Minitel Terminal Emulation (MINITEL/II) videotex program on the Apple Il+ and the Apple Ic in monochrome does allow access to many thousand serv- ices through a local node on the IN- FONET network, it is this program on the Ilgs and color that will keep one online. The INFONET phone directory does include access nodes in Austra- lia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Fin- land, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway. Puerto Rico, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Swit- zerland, and of course the United Kingdom as well as Omaha, Ne- braska. Do many of Apple2000 members use this service. | would especially be interested in any special interest groups (SIG's) among members whose interests are with the environ- ment and in tapping the powers of their Apple's supporting their finan- cial goals and investment objectives. These two subjects could offer a interesting series of articles. How members are using their computers, what programs are used, liked or disliked. Looking forward to my next issue. Robert Benson QO Thank you for your letter and the enclosed information on the Slide-On battery. The dead battery problem with the IIgs (and the Macintosh) has been solved in many ways. New Macintoshes now have a battery holder, and I understand the new IIgs Motherboard also has one, but for the rest of us, this is the simplest solu- tion, I see that it was the ‘Editor's choice" in inCider August 89, and that the world record for changing a bat- tery is 1 minute 22 seconds! For those in need, the battery is priced at $9.95 + $3.00 shipping. from: Nite Owl Productions Slide-On Batteries 5734 Lamar Avenue Mission. KS 66202 USA To access Telecom Gold/The Force from the USA, you will have to con- nect through one of the IPSS services that has links into the Dialcom net- work. It is nota patch on Compuserve or GEnie. If you get clean inter-conti- nental lines, you can always give TABBS a ring. We would love to see you there! Ewen Wannop « AppleWorks Mailbox ‘Siataraell Chinen ria sma Star Dear Apple2000, 1 am trying to find out everything necessary ai about the Hewlett- Packard jet printers, and their behav- four etc. etc. with AppleWorks on a Tigs. I have Bpproathed all the suppli- ers, and all tell me something differ- ent, as does everyone else. I have asked Dave Ward, and I don't blame him for being befoxed! Do you know anyone around here - Gloucestershire, Oxford. Wilts - who actually has one and can give me the enuine “own stick fingers hands on" low down? John Howard QI do not know of anyone other than Keith Rookledge who has one of these printers, though you can usually see one in action at Bidmuthin Technolo- gies. I have taken the liberty of printing ur phone number, if anyone can help please give John a ring. Ed. @ Broadstone Dorset Dear Sir, I read Peter Davis’ article on Apple- Works 3 in the December edition with great interest. On page 36 he states “I have to say this is an aspect that I have not fully explored but the use of AppleWorks with the Laser printer seems now fully supported”. I have been an AppleWorks user for the last 6 years and received my upgrade in October from Holdens. I tried to use AppleWorks version 2 with the Laser printer 2 years ago but was forced to give up because of the problems with the £ sign, underlining and bold face. I would be very interested to hear from a reader who has successfully hooked up an Apple //e to either an Apple (or other) laser printer. Stuart I Magnus Ol could not resist the challenge ... as I had not actually tried the Laser- Writer from AppleWorks before. I can report that it all works fine. The LaserWriter needs to have an ImageWriter emulator downloaded so it will interpret the print commands correctly. Using the Ilgs it is very easy to download the ImageWriter emula- tor when you select the LaserWriter from the Control Panel NDA in System 5.0 or above. These are the steps that I took to make it all work: I first set the slots to show Slot 7 as AppleTalk and Slot 1 as ‘Your Card’ Then I rebooted to the Finder, and selected ‘LaserWriter’ from the Con- trol Panel NDA When the LaserWriter name ap- peared, I selected ‘ImageWriter Emulation’ Next I ran AppleWorks and installed an ImageWriter printer tn Slot 7 Cz Please submit all letters and articles to the magazine on disk wherever possible. The disks will be returned to you when the magazine Is published. If you have a modem, send us letters, Domain programs either to BSGOO5 or to TABBS | les and Public Fara) February 1990 Appie2000 @e@ 3 Printing ts then sent normally to this printer, the text output ts tn Courier and supports Bold and Underline I have posted details of NAUG (Na- tional AppleWorks User Group) oppo- site. It is a source of all things related to AppleWorks and well worth joining. 1 gather they recently published some articles on connecting a Laser- Writer to AppleWorks in their maga- zine. Ewen Wannop é Eccles Lancashire Dear Sir, I enjoyed the article by Peter Davis on AppleWorks 3.0. It was very timely as I just started to use it with my Apple llgs and ImageWriter Il. Can you help with three problems? First can you explain in simple terms how I can set it up to always print half-size superscripts for refer- ence numbers? Second, as Peter Davis mentions, is there any up-date or other way that AppleWorks 3 can do automatic foot- note renumbering, (both in the script and in the footnotes). For those of us that have to write Jong articles with references, this would be a major advance; renumbering a hundred or so footnotes can take a long time. | believe there is some software (not for Apple) called “nota bene” which can do this. Finally can you tell me how I could set up the printer to do italics, and switch from normal text to italics as an alternative to underlining? Thank you for your help. Peter D Mohr QGSuperscripts, italics and other non- standard characters are not om The National AppleWorks Users Group The National AppleWorks Users Group (NAUG) has one mission — to help AppleWorks users. Formed in 1986, the National AppleWorks Users Group Is the world’s largest association of Apple II users. NAUG has more than 14,000 mem- bers in the United States and 38 other countries. Benefits: NAUG members receive the AppleWorks Forum, a 36-page monthly news- letter that describes tips, techniques. and hints to help users get more from AppleWorks. The AppleWorks Forum includes other articles of interest to AppleWorks users, including news of product releases and reviews of Appie- Works enhancements and AppleWorks-compatible software. NAUG works closely with Claris Corporation, Apple Computer, Applied Engineering. Beagle Bros, Checkmate Technology, JEM Software. and other AppleWorks developers to insure our members get the latest information about Apple- Works and answers to their AppleWorks questions. NAUG members have access to more than 150 yolunteer-consultants who provide free telephone support for their fellow NAUG members. A list of consultants and their areas of expertise appears in each Issue of the AppleWorks Forum. Members get unlimited access to NAUG’s AppleWorks electronic bulletin board, the Electronic Forum. The Electronic Forum lets you get answers to questions and download AppleWorks templates and programs 24-hours a bo As of this date, the Electronic Forum has handled more than 28,000 calls from NAUG members seeking help or sharing information with their NAUG colleagues. Members have access to NAUG’s Public Domain Library that contains dozens of disks and more than 700 AppleWorks templates and files. The library also contains AppleWorks enhancement programs submitted by members and demonstration versions of AppleWorks enhancement pro- from commercial vendors. NAUG members have access to the group's Disk Rescuers Program; pro- fessionals who can recover damaged AppleWorks data disks. You will appreciate this program if you ever forget to back up an important file and get the dreaded “Unable to read disk in Drive 2” message. Finally, NAUG members receive pigniieane discounts on AppleWorks products. For example, NAUG members may purchase TimeOut products, RepairWorks, and SuperPatch at 40% off the suggested retail price. Mem- bers also get discounts for NAUG's AppleWorks seminars. NAUG membership costs $27 per year and includes 12 issues of the AppleWorks Forum. Send a check or your Visa/MasterCard number and expiration date to: National AppleWorks Users Grou} Box 87453, Canton, Michigan 48187. (313) 454-1115 The T AA B B s T A ABBBB BBBB_ ssss Apple2000 t A A BBB. BEES ssss- Bulletin THE APPLE 2000 USER GROUP Board BULLETIN BOARD SYSTEM V21, V22, V22BIS, V23 System 24 HOURS 8-N-1 <1> Apple ]{ folder The TABBS message system is more than just a Bulletin Board. With a shopping mall where you can browse the Apple2000 catalogues and order the goods you require; a library containing over 1500 files for the Apple II, IIgs and Macintosh; news files update twice weekly bringing you the latest in world computer news and of course NewsBytes™ ; a private and public E-mail service; file transfers thatcan be enclosed in private or public mail; message areas covering many topics includ- ing the Apple II, the IIgs and Macintosh; Xmodem, 1k Xmodem and Ymodem file transfers; multi-speed access at all common speeds; 24 hour operation; and much, much more make TABBS the premier Apple Bulletin Board serving Europe. Give TABBS a call today. \K <6> Public areas <iailbox <Nvews Columns <S>hopping Mall <Wreekly Update \_ <ipelp files for <2> Apple IIgs folder <3> Macintosh folder <4> Apple2000 folder <S> Developers folder <D>ownload Libraries TABBS of Ring TABBS on @iiap?aiIe? at any speed through V21, V22, V23 to V22bis 8N1 TABBS Is available 24 hours a day /) 4 28 Apple2000 February 1990 Letters supported directly by the ImageWriter. The only way to print characters like these is by using cus- tom fonts either downloaded to the I Writer or printed by means of graphic dumps in the way Super- Fonts or FontTrix works. As to foot- notes, this would need something like the TimeOut program macros, You will need to contact Ken Dawson, our Beagle Buddy, for an update if you have original TimeOut products. Perhaps someone can help Peter further with this one? Ed. ¢ Hard Drive Mailbox Cheltenham Gloucestershire Dear Ewen, Like Bill Mealey, after reading your two features on hard disks I was in- spired to think about assembling one for my //e. Eventually I did get hold of a hard disk but I did not have to assemble it myself. Perhaps it would be of interest to others to know there is a low budget alternative to the DIY route to a SCSI hard disk. In the course of shopping around for a SCSI subassembly a dealer of- fered me a used Rodime 20 Plus drive complete with cables for about the cost of a bare Seagate ST 225N. Re- membering your comment that “you can use any SCSI drive you can get your hands on”. | bought the Rodime, got a Cirtech SCSI interface (from an Apple2000 advertiser) and a copy of ProSel, and have never looked back! There were a few minor difficulties. I wanted the SCSI interface in slot 7, as recommended by Dave Ward in his review, but on my //e from slot 7 the cable is too short to reach a panel openin; babe enough for the connec- tor. Although the User's Manual say that on a //e you must choose a slot such that the cable can be attached to one of the large back panel openings, I installed it in slot 7 anyway and made up a 3 inch extension cable, assuming the manual's advice was to cover users with long connecting cables. The dealer said he had formatted the Rodime and installed some P.D. utilities. When I had connected every- thing up I decided to run the Test utility from the SCSI Support Disk to check for bad blocks. This worked and eventually it came up with a few, but well over 20mb worth of good ones. Then I tried to Catalog the fara disk but could only get 1/O errors. Slight panic set in, then remembered Dave Ward's review comment that a disk formatted using an Apple SCSI interface would not be recognised by a Cirtech SCSI interface. The dealer confirmed he had used an Apple in- terface and said he did not know of this. I then did a low-level format with the Cirtech utility, a regular format with Copy][+, installed ProSel, set up small DOS 3.3 and CP/M partitions for my old pro; and ever since I have wonds how I managed with- out it. I have not seen any reference to other members trying a second user Mac SCSI drive with an Apple J[. 1am. delighted with mine and can recom- mend this approach to anyone on a budget who can get a Mac castoff drive from a reliable source at a good price, Peter B. Dyson é Dentists Mailbox TOMY bagi DAY: Pane atratB Ap Gis Wistert Tipiteraiien hase tbat MULL ist hi atta CBE-SeP a Dear Apple2000. Thave Been a member of Apple2000 for several years. I have found it most useful and I enjoy reading the maga- zine immensely. I notice that you have various spe- cialist groups within the organisation and as a dentist I have noted that there is no dental group as such. At the moment there does not seem a lot of activity in the dental fleld but I'm sure that the superiority of the Mac operating system will prevail amongst those who are looking for quality. I have a good friend who is alsoa member, Mr John McCormack, 40 Harley Street and is also an enthu- slast. We feel that we should make efforts to see of there are others of a lke persuasion and start a specialist user group. I would be happy to act as convener, I would be grateful if you could let me know if it is in order to set up a group in this way. If it is in order would you be able to publicise it in the Journal? Jim Page QAs you know, Apple2000 is run by volunteers. The editors of the maga- zine, and the committee members, are just ordinary members fine their time to the benefit of all the members of the group. It has not al- ways been possible to do all of the things that we would like through lack of time and help, and we have had to rely on the additional help of other members todo many of the day- to-day tasks, Uniil now, we have not been able to organine SIG's on any other than an ad hoc basis, though what! have tried to do in the past is to collect together the names of all those who are willing to help in some way. Bearing all this in mind, I have published your address in full, and thank you for the offer to convene those who may be interested in den- tistry combined with Apple comput- ers. Please get in touch with Jim if you have similar interests, and if any of you would to convene other sub- Ject area, please let us know! Ewen Wannop ¢ ProDOS Mailbox Edinb Scotlan Dear Ewen, How often have you heard the phrase ‘I only have a DOS 3.3 com- puter and so can't run ProDOS'? Can we finally nail this spectre down by explaining the differences between the different disk operating systems extant on the Apple II series? In the beginning there was Steve Wozniak, and it was he who decided that he was not going to pay the excessive prices asked for disk drives, and that he could emulate in software all the control circuits of the floppy drive back in those ancient days. Thus in only a few days was born DOS, and with a few changes grew into DOS 3.2. This was a complete disk Cee aE En based on a 13 sector 35 track 5.25 single sided disk. After a couple of years, more space was found by extending to 16 sectors and the ubiquitous DOS 3.3 140k disk was born. The original DOS 3.3 operating system was designed torun in only 48k but DOS Movers rapid appeared to put the DOS into the 16] space that otherwise was doing noth- ing on the Ram Card in Slot 0. Those that without a Ram Card, could still of course use DOS with the normal 48k. The Apple /// next appeared on the scene, and with it a brand new hei- rarchical operating system called SOS (Sophisticated Operating Sys- tem). Then came the Apple //e. This was fitted with a bullt in 16k RamCard and so could always allow the DOS operating system to be moved up into extra Ram space. Things started towarm up now, and those clever chaps at Apple honed and refined SOS into ProDOS. Pro- DOS had lots of advantages, though at first many also saw disadvantages, and was firmly directed at the Apple II market. Without it, we would not have 16mb memory cards, sub-directo- ries, AppleWorks or even hard disks! However, back to the story ... ProDOS up to Version 1.0.1 (the version on our introductory disk), would work in either 48k or the full 64k memory available with a RamCard in Slot 0, and of course the //e and //c. Memory was getting cheaper, and most people by now hi a RamCard in Slot 0 of their I+ com- puters, so Apple decided to drop the 48k version and only issue 64k ver- sions of ProDOS. This is the state of ply, now though ProDOS is now own under the name of P8 so we do not get confused with P16, and it will run on any flavour of Apple II, as long as It has 64k of memory! Scott Freeman é February 1990 Apple2000 a 8M 5 Hardcore Pips The BASUG archive concludes this month the Debugging Tips from April 1983 and becomes an Apple Executive This follows on from previous ar- ticles and is a conclusion to the set. but not an end. Everyone has their own private tricks. I no longer make all the mistakes I did, so some vital problems may be missing. ‘Try the following program:- 70 FORN=1 TO & 80 Q(N) = N 90 NEXT N " and RUN it. Since there is nothing output to the screen then there is no visible evi- dence that the program has done anything. The array Q0 has however been filled. This happens even when other parts of the program are writing to the screen. It is ible to find out if variables are what you think they are by inspecting them in immediate mode just by (ping in from the key- board. so that for example if you type:- PRINT Q(3) <RETURN> 3 is the result. We can also use variables so PRINT Q(N) is just as valid. Try it and see that the following is the result PRINT Q(N) ° So what is this? Surely since the loop has gone around from 1 to 8, N has become 8 why do we not get the value 8? PRINT Q(8) 8 is OK. So try PRINT N 9 NOTE !!! When you come out of a loop the value of the variable you are changing has always gone one more step than you specified. When the reaches the NEXT in line 750 the value of N is increased and then it goes back to the beginning of the loop at line 700 and tests if the value of N is greater than 8. Only if it is not will it go through the loop . other- wise it will try to find the line following the NEXT statement, f.e. a line num- bered greater than 750. It is sometimes the case that when running a pro; , you realise it is not going the way you thought. In this case you can break the program by pressing <CTRL-C> and try to sort it out from there. Add line 75 as follows:- 75 FOR DLY = 1 TO 500: NEXT This is a very useful general line. It is a time wasting statement, simply sending the program round and round 500 times so that time is used up. In this case it is there to make the program go slower so that we can break the program before it has fin- ished. You can see the delay as follows ‘TRACE RUN Lots of #75s are generated. Having switched off the trace func- tion with NOTRACE, RUN the pro- gram again and when it has gonea few rounds of the outer loop, but before it has finished (you will have to guess the timing) press <CTRL-c> The mes- sage:- BREAK IN 75 comes up. This is a very important aspect of debugging. A program may appear to have gone aeey. - technically known as pengiog i yen press <CTRL-C> then it tell you that you have stopped at a particular line. If you now type CONT it will CONTinue where it left off, without destroying the value of any variables as RUN would. 6 &@ Appie2000 In practice you would probably print out some of the variables in immediate mode in the meantime. This would in this case for example yield the following information:- RUN BREAK IN 75 oN 3 CONT and you know you have broken into the program when the outer loop had a value of N=3. The value of N was preserved and it was able to carry on even though you had printed the value of N. You can even alter the value of N and still allow it to con- tinue. RUN BREAK IN 75 2N 3 N=6 CONT This means that you would not have filled the ae N was equal to 4,5 and 6. To show this type the following in immediate mode:- FOR N = 1 TO 8: ? Q(N);:NEXT YX aR A SN eI The line containing the FOR ... NEXT loop should be on one line without pressing <RETURN> until theend oft the line. Do not forget the *;” so that the values are printed in one line, or you will pceslbhy scroll off the screen, Now alter line 80 to 80 Q(N) = M and add 60 M= 49 andrun the program again, without breaking and repeat the last exercise FOR N= 1 TO 8 : ? Q(N);:NEXT 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 This time since M Is fixed by the previous line to 49, all the values of the array are the same. If this was an error of typing, miss- ing the N key and hitting the M in- stead, you would have a clue instantly especially if you then printed M and found it to match. One other way to pick up this type of error, i.e. of getting all the values wrong without at first knowing why would be to go straight to the appro- priate loop directly. This can be done in two ways:- February 1990 RUN 70 or GOTO 70 They are both valuable tools. Sup- pose we ci out the same exercise and print the value of the array vari- ables as before, usin; 0, the result would be as follows:- RUN70 FOR N= 1 TO 8 : ? Q(N);:NEXT | ged «as ar * Il? jon The value of M has automatically been set to zero by the RUN com- mand. The command GOTO does not zero all variables. Try the following using <CTRL-C> key to halt the program after the value of M has been set, and see that the array variables are all set to 49 again RON BREAK IN 75 GOTO 70 FOR N = 1 TO 8: ? Q(N);:NEXT 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 In fact, just to prove the point, the alteration of the variable first could be done as follows:- M= 99 RUN 70 Qin) FOR N= 1 TO 8: 2? 33: NEXT 000600 0 000 or as follows M= 99 GOTO 70 FORN=1T08: ? Q(N) ; : NEXT 99: “S9L995799 99 799" "99°99 The same techniques can be used with strings. If the string variable has not been assigned, it will not of course print anything. So the following holds 2? AS : 2? BS FRED means that A$ was empty (a blank line was printed) and B$ had been set to FRED. CONCLUSION: This is not the final word in debug- ging, but a summary of some of the “tricks of the trade”. Most you learn yourself, the hard way. Any more ideas would be welcome, even some of the older hands, especially since, as I said at the beginning, I have Sergscien some mistakes I used to m Be an Apple Executive Soyou want to be an Executive! An Executive is one who gives orders to his minions and then sits back and observes the action. Apple gave us all the tools to become an executive when we bought our Disk II's, and we booted up our first disk. One of DOS's least exploited commands is the EXEC command. Most users read about it in the DOS manual and try out the sample pro; on the Sys- tem Master, but then pass on in bewilderment, never to use EXEC again. So What Does EXEC Do? When you turn on an exec file with the EXEC command, DOS intercepts all Input requests, and supplies the input from the text file being EX- EC'ed. The commands and responses can be Immediate commands, Pro- gram lines or DOS commands. If a program is run, the EXEC file will wait patiently until the program ends be- fore issuing its next command. How do I set up an EXEC file? A text file containing commands to be EXECed is no different toa normal text file. The file can be set up using a text editor such as the editor on the DOS Toolkit or using a word proces- sor such as Apple Writer II. If you do not possess a suitable package, a simple program such as MAKE TEXT on your System master can be used to enter the text but does not have the advantages of editing nor does it allow commas or colons, but ts otherwise quite adequate for the task. How many EXEC files can be open at once? There can only be one EXEC file open at any one time. If the text file being EXEC’ed contains an EXEC command, the current EXEC file is closed and control is handed over to the new EXEC file. The DOS com- pret CLOSE will not close an EXEC le. So what can I do with an EXEC file? The list of applications for EXEC’ed commands is only limited by your imagination and inventive capacity. The purpose of this article is to whet your appetite telling you about ae of the applications that I have found. — Program Modification For those of us not fortunate enough to own PLE or GPLE, modify- ing programs can be a bit of a chore. To make life a litle easier, you can save your program as a text fle and then use a word processor to edit the program lines. The modified program can then be EXEC'ed back into 60000 INPUT “YOUR PROGRAM NAME- “;Z2Z$:D$ = CHRS (13) + CHRS (4) :22$ = 22$ + “. TEXT”: POKE 33,30: ? D$;"OPEN";22$: 2 D$;"WRITE”;ZZ$: LIST 0,59999: ? DS;“CLOSE”: POKE 33,40: DEL 60000, 60000 and then in Immediate mode type RUN 60000 and your program will be saved as a text fle, not set up an EXEC file to do it for youll! This technique can be used if you want to append two programs to- gether or to insert those favourite subroutines into the program you are working on. —Entering Command Strings When you find that you are typing in the same old commands to perform a routine task - that is the time to set up an EXEC file of those commands and let DOS perform the chore for uu. oe Altering the screen width to let you fast type over text in print state- ments can be effected by a text file containing TEXT: HOME: POKE33, 30 which you EXEC when required. ‘TEXT when you have finished to get back to normal screen width!) —To enter Machine Code routines When entering machine code rou- tines from Magazine articles I always enter them intoa text file in the follow- ing format using a word processor. The main advantage is that I can easily edit and correct any typing errors if the routine does not work. CALL-151 302:A0 00 AS 69 00 03 AS 6A 8D 01 03 Bl 69 C9 02 DO 04 AD 08 91 69 AG 69 CA 86 6A 324:A9 08 CS 6A DO E4 AY 01 CS 69 DO DE AD 00 30 85 69 AD 01 03 85 6A etc, etc. 3D0G You can also enter machine code routines into several different mem- ory locations in one step by entering the different start locations at the start of the file line. (Warning - Do not enter more than 254 characters before pressing re- tum as you will loose the excess characters. This restraint also ap- plies when entering directly through the keyboard, but your word proces- sor may not warn you!) John Sharp - April 1983 @ = memory. To save the program as a text file, just add this line to the — Modifications to DOS program - There have been many desirable modifications to DOS published in February 1990 Apple2000 & 7 the various publications available, not least Hardcore. Most advise that the modifications be entered, then a new diskette be INITialised. which will bear the modified image of DOS. This is OK until you find another desirable modification which when keyed in clashes with the memory utilisation of the original patch. The result can be unexpected and possi- bly downright disastrous, Another approach is to have a HELLO program on the diskette which POKEs in the patch when the disk is booted. The problem with this is that you have to remember to boot that disk or run the HELLO program which will destroy any program in memory and the values of any vari- ables which you may wish to pre- serve. The solution is to hold the coding of the patch in a text file as described above. Then when you want to install the patch, just itin, EXEC does not affect the program in memory or its variables. 1So long as you don't interfere with zero page or program/ variable space.) If you want to get rid of the patch, Just boot up to regain standard DOS. Here is one foryou to try. It replaces the MAXFILES command in DOS with a new command FILEDUMP. (Very useful for examining the contents of EXEC files!) CALL~151 BCDF:20 8E FD 20 A3 A2 20 8C AG FO 05 20 ED FD DO F6 20 FC A2 HOME : VTAB10:HTAB1 1: ?”F I LEDUMP INSTALLED”: VIAB1S : HTAB6: ?"FILEDUMP <PILENAME>, (S6,D1) ”: VTAB23: HTAB11:?”AN M.C.R. UTILITY.” it in and save in a text file c FILEDUMP LOADER. Just enter EXEC FILEDUMP LOADER to install the routine. If you want to print the file contents, enter PR#1 to initialise the printer and then FILEDUMP <your file name>,Sn,Dn. (The last two are optional). You will er a aa le, — To control the running ofa series of programs This 1s just the Job for sents poring maintenance runs where the ts doing all the work and you only run the programs and make routine re- sponses, Next time you go through the proce- dure, make a careful note of Te- sponses you make. Then enter them into a text file and can then EXEC the file and the APPLE will run itself while you make the coffee. — Entering the data from one pro- gram into an existing program Have you ever wished that you could enter, say, Invoice details from ur Invoicing program into your les Ledger package, but hesitate to modify the package use of main- tenance/co) t/complexity re- straints? Now you can! This is just an extension of the preceding application. Makea careful note of all the responses that you make via the keyboard when manu- pr ecenescngtn Thee make the su; fa write a lext file of He Teaches The file will typically contain three sections. 1. Header information concerned with getting the ‘package’ program up and running. RUN <package name>,S6,D1 program 4 (Menu responses 27.02.83 (Enter today’s date etc. etc. 2. Many occurrences of actual data to be entered into the program. com- plete with any Y/N responses con- ig correciness. 3. A trailer section which termi- nates the entry of data, and gets you back to the menu, possibly to run prin), and finally to exit the package an Cc In an orderly fashion. This’ section would also contain the command to — Control of programs requiring non file input The EXEC command will supply all input requests with records from the text file being EXECed. This is most inconventent if you wish to make the occasional contribution to the action. One way to overcome the problem is to that the text file runs out of data just at the crucial moment, and then have the program EXEC a new file of data when you have had your say. Do not fall into the trap of having an EXEC command as the last en! on the old EXEC file, as the command will be read by the INPUT statement into your ram and will not be ‘seen’ by . Your program will probably object, and the com- mand will not be executed. A far better solution would be to turn the EXEC file on and off at suit- able points in the pro; sequence. This is achieved by POKEing 0 or 1 into the EXEC file active flag at $AAB3 in DOS. This must be done from within the running program with a POKE 43699,0 or POKE 43699,1. It does not seem to work when done in imme- diate mode. The following simple EXEC file loads and runs a program that demonstrates the technique. SPEED=150:NEW HOME: VTAB12:HTAB13:2?”EXEC FILE DEMO” 10 POKE43699, 0:VIAB22 :HTABLO: 2”<<ANY KEY FOR MORE>>”; : GETAS :POKE43699, 1 :HOME RON 2”NOW FOR A GAME” : 2:FORT=1 1040: 2”="; :NEXTI: POKE34,5 10 FOR I=1 TO 6 20 A$="YOUR GO”:IF PEEK (43699) THENAS=”MY GO” 30 VTAB6:CALL-958: ?CHRS (7) : 7AS 40 VTAB12:?”ENTER A NUMBER AND I”:2"WILL TELL YOU ITS SQUARE... *; :INPUI””;A:VTAB13:HTAB30: CALL-868:?A:A=INT (A) : B-INT(A*2) :VTAB18:?A;” TO THE POWER OF 2 IS “;B 50 X=PEEK (43699) :POKE43699, NOTX 60 FOR J=1 TO 3000:NEXTJ:NEXTI GOTOLO 7 5 9 POKE34, 0 HOME: 2”HERE IS THE PROGRAM - “ LIST SPEED=255 2"SO WHERE DID THE INPUT COME FROM??” pe yeu will see when you EXEC the file the program takes some input from the file and some from the key- There are many more areas of EXEC to be explored yet. In future articles more useful DOS patches will be shown and further techniques for using EXEC files in an EXECutive manner. Let us know what applica- “ons sou find for the EXEC com- mand. Martin Rogers - April 1983 é Q In 1983, ProDOS was not pet fully available. All the examples in these articles were written under DOS 3.3. Most of them will operate correctly under ProDOS, but some may not work. “ee have a problem, try under DOS 3.3 before you give up! Ed Apple2000 is a partnership of enthusiastic members working together for the promotion of all things common to Apple. s &@8 Apple2000 February 1990 COLOUR PAPER 11x9.5” microperf 100g (prices include VAT) ELECTRIC BLUE / KELLY GREEN / BRILLIANT YELLOW/ WILD PINK / CHERRY RED CENTURY PAK 100 £7.95 VALUE PAK (250) BRITE £14.95 COLORBURST (125 ASSORTMENT) £9.95 RAINBOW (250 ASSORTMENT) £16.95 SAMPLER (125 ASSTD + CARD ENVELOPES) £14.95 (ENVELOPES AVAILABLE IN CARD OR BUSINESS SIZE) (92.95.25.45) POWDER BLUE / WINTER GREEN / YELLOW / FRENCH VANILLA/ ORCHID CENTURY PAK 100 £5.95 VALUE PAK (250) PASTEL £10.95 COLORBURST (125 ASSORTMENT) £7.95 RAINBOW (250 ASSORTMENT) £14.95 SAMPLER (125 ASSTD + CARD ENVELOPES) £12.95 (ENVELOPES AVAILABLE IN CARD OR BUSINESS SIZE) (£2,60-19.45) ‘ALSO AVAILABLE IN CONTINUOUS FORM: PARCHMENT IN NATURAL, AGED, BAHIA BLUE, LAVENDAR, OR TURQUOISE / LAID IN ICE BLUE, AQUA, IVORY, BUFF, PEARL GRAY / 21 DIFFERENT PREPRINTED DESIGNS ON WHITE / PREPRINTED DESIGNS ON LAID COLOURS / BANNER ROLLS IN 3 BRITE! COLOURS PLUS ARCTIC WHITE / BANNER ROLLS IN WHITE WITH 4 PREPRIN. TED DESIGNS / § PASTEL COLOUR LABELS / CLEAR LABELS / REMOVEABLE ADHESIVE LABELS /AUDIO CASSETTE LABELS / VIDEO CASSETTE LABELS / POSTCARDS / INDEX CARDS / FILOFAX PAPER / COLOUR & T-SHIRT RIBBONS MGA SoftCat (0233) 83294 / 83671 PEAR TREE, APPLEDORE, KENT TN26 2AR AMERICAN. MICRO RESEARCH’S NEW CHAINABLE 5.25° 140K D-19 DISK DRIVE £50.00 LESS AN THE COMPETITION, YOU FREE DELIVERY IN THE UK! OTHER DRIVES AVAILABLE FROM MGA SoftCat INCLUDE:- v APPLE DISK ][ 140K 5.25" 20-pin (2nd-user) £49.95 / APPLE DISK ][ 140K 5.25" D-19 (2nd-user) £59.95 ¥ NPH 140K 5.25" 20-pin (black front) £89.95 v NPH 140K 5.25" D-19 (white front) £99.95 ¢ LASER 800K 3.5” (not daisychainable) £195.00 v MGA SoftCat 0233-83294/83571 AMERICAN MICRO RESEARCH'S NEW eetielt ner 3.5" DRIVE IS 100% COMPATIBLE WITH YOUR APPLE MACINTOSH, or UDC. BUY IT WITH CONFIDENCE. ry £100.00 LESS THAN THE COMPETITION, ae GET FREE} DELIVERY IN THE UK! AMR ALSO HAVE 5.25" 140K) DAISY CHAINABLE DRIVE FOR £174.25 - £50. 0 LESS THAN) MGA SoftCat_0233-83294/83571 Imagine a label printing system for your dot-matrix printer that allows you to use almost any size of cus- tom label, card or sheet to create a_ self-adhesive design incorporating Print Shop-compatible fancy fonts, borders, mono gra- phics and even multicolour graphics on colour printers! (Colour printers allow you to have different colours for the borders, fonts and graphics). You can also merge information like mailing lists or product part details/stock numbers from AppleWorks files! LABELS LABELS LABELS The amazing product that allows you to do this on a 128K //ecGS is called “Labels, Labels, Labels”, and it costs just £39.95 postfree. (Separate versions avail- able for //ec and IIGS, with IBM-PC to follow soon). To support this great package we have 3 add-on borders disks, 10 fonts disks, 23 mono graphics disks, and 4 multi-colour graphics disks, (each at £4.00 postfree). @ GREAT FOR BADGES & POSTCARDS A MGA SoftCat (0233) 83294 / 83571 AppleXtras Welcome AppleXtras has arrived! Those of you who have already subscribed to our value added service will have received your disk(s) with this issue. It is still not too late to join the AppleXtras service. Send us £20 for one, or £35 for the two formats. If you already have subscribed to one of the disks and would also like the other, send us £15 and we will amend your subscription to include both and send you the other one. The two disks are made up quite differently. Although both run under ProDOS, the 3.5 disk is destined for the IIgs only. It will self boot to Glen Bredon's ProDOS selector. On each 3.5 AppleXtras disk we shall include a folder with useful tools. These tools may change with each issue, and will eventually build in to a toolbox of routines that will handle files and do other useful things. To save space, and therefore pack more pro- grams onto the disk, the 5.25 disk has no bootable system. The programs on this disk are suitable for the IIgs, //e and //c, though there will be some programs from time to time that will run on the II+. These days there are rela- tively few programs appearing on the Public Domain network for the II+, so it is impossible for us to provide a disk for this format only. It will be helpful to refer to the notes pub- lished at the beginning of the libary catalog you received recently. These notes give details of howyou should run and organise the programs you will find on these disks. As well as these notes, refer to the detailed descriptions pub- lished on the next pages. These notes will ac- company each issue of the AppleXtras disk. Finally a word about Shareware. Many of the programs that we shall provide on these disks are not Public Domain or Freeware. A royalty is due to the author if you decide to keep the program and use it. Please honour this system as it is up to you to see that these dues are paid. If you have difficulty getting dollars, get an American Express cheque. /XTRAS .P8.NO.1/ (5.25 disk) =-SHRINKIT DIR 1 6-JAN-90 =IIPLUS.UNSHRINK SYS 25 2-SEP-89 -IIPLUS.SHRINKIT SYS 24 1-MAY-89 =STARTUP . NEW DIR 1 7-JAN-90 STARTUP . NEW BAS 8 16-AUG-89 AWSFIX DIR 1 6-JAN-90 “PATCHER.SYSTEM SYS 26 2-DEC-89 =PATCH. DOC TXT 19 6-DEC-89 -COLORTEXT DIR 1 6-JAN-90 “=README . DOC TXT 28 15-NOV-89 “COLORTEXT.DEMO BAS. 10 15-Nov-89 =COLORTEXT.SAMPL BAS 7 14-NOV-89 ~TEXT.BIN BIN 6 15-Nov-89 “STANDARD.ASC BIN 4 26-NOV-89 ~RAMDISK DIR 1 7-JAN-90 =PROSEL.RAMDISK3 TXT 43 5-JAN-90 =POPBOX DIR 1 7-JAN-90 =POPBOX BAS 21 + 15-AUG-89 “VIRUS . RX DIR 1 6-JAN-90 =RX. DOC TXT 21 17-SEP-89 “APPLE. RX sYs 19 17-SEP-89 (XTRAS .GS.NO.1/ (3.5 disk) =BOOT. SYSTEM sys 1 6-JAN-90 PROGRAMS: DIR ae 6-JAN-90 =DAS DIR 1 6-JAN-90 “WRITEIT DIR 1 _6-JAN-90 =WRITEIT $B8 14 12-Nov-89 “ABOUT.WRITEIT TXT 3 12-Nov-89 ‘=MPHASE $B8 25 17-Nov-88 MOUSE SBS 19 14-NOV-87 “GS .GAMES DIR 1 6-JAN-90 SOLITAIRE DIR 1 6-JAN-90 =SOLITAIRE $B3 51 12-DEC-88 “CARDS. CLUBS $BO 26 9-DEC-88 =CARDS.DIAMONDS $B0 26 9-DEC-88 CARDS . HEARTS $B0 26 9-DEC-88 “CARDS.SPADES —_ $B0 26 9-DEC-88 =POKER DIR 1 __6-JAN-90 =POKER. PIC $cl 65 24-FEB-89 “POKER $B3 39 24-FEB-89 “CARDS.SPADES = BIN 26 22-FEB-89 CARDS. HEARTS BIN 26 22-FEB-89 =CARDS.DIAMONDS BIN 26 22-FEB-89 =CARDS. CLUBS BIN 26 22-FEB-89 =MONTE . CARLO DIR 1 6-JAN-90 CARDS. CLUBS $BO 26 22-MAR-89 =CARDS.DIAMONDS $BO 26 22-MAR-89 CARDS. HEARTS $BO 26 22-MAR-89 =CARDS.SPADES § $B0 26 22-MAR-89 =MONTE. $B3 46 16-MAY-89 “MONTE. HELP TXT 3 17-MAY-89 PHOTONIX. BXY TXT 282 18-NOV-89 =DISK.MAP DIR 1 _6-JAN-90 =DISKMAP.DOC.EXE TXT 8 28-DEC-88 =DISK.MAP.SYSTEM SYS 9 28-DEC-88 “VIRUS DIR 1 6-JAN-90 =VIRUS . NOTES TXT 23 21-JUL-89 VIRUS. KILLER BIN 5 18-JUL-89 “NUCLEUS . SHK BIN 263 4-SEP-89 =TITLE $cl 65 6-JAN-90 =PRODOS . TOOLS DIR 1 6-JAN-90 LIST DIR 1 6-JAN-90 =LIST. SYSTEM sys 67 1-APR-89 =LIST.DESCR AWP 38 1-APR-89 =SHRINK DIR 1 _6-JAN-90 “SHRINKIT.SYSTEM SYS 1 31-MAR-89 =SHRINKIT sys 72 20-JUL-89 =SHRINKIT.DOCS TXT 61 19-JUL-89 =SHRINKIT.ICON SCA 4 10-AUG-89 =PRODOS sys 32 8-JUL-88 Welcome Apple2000 February 1990 AppleXtras 5.25 ProDOS disk for the llgs, //e and //c Shrinklt folder - Shrinkit is the file transfer protocol used by TABBS and other bulletin board systems. Files compressed with ShrinkIt or packed under Binary II will have one of the following suffix: .BNY .BQY .BXY .SHK They must be unpacked with Shrinkit for use once they have been downloaded. As the Shrinkit process also allows disks to be com- pressed, we shall sometimes use this for file on the AppleXtras disks. IPlus.Unshrink - The un-shrink program for the I+ UPlus.ShrinkIt - and the companion shrink pro- StartUp.New folder StartUp.New - A custom program selector that al lows you to select from 13 of your favourite programs. Easy to configure. just list the pro- gram from Basic to see what to do. AWSFix Folder Patcher.System - From Beagle Bros., the first au thentic patch for the bugs in AppleWorks 3.0 Patch.Doc - Read this file with List.System or Writelt to find out how to use Patcher.System. ColorText folder - Coloured text from the double HiRes screen . ReadMe.Doc - Complete instructions of the ColorText system. ColorText.Demo - Self running Basic demo of ColorText. ColorText.Sampl - List this Basic program to see how to use the ColorText system. Text.Bin - code routines Standard.ASC - standard character set RamDisk folder ProSel.RamDisk3 - Text file describing how to install AppleWorks 3.0 on a RamDisk using PopBox folder PopBox - Basic program routines that allow you to use pop-up boxes from within your pro- . Run the program for a demo, and then it to see how to use the routines. Virus.RX - Requires 65802 or 65816 processor RX.Doc - The documentation for Apple.RX Apple.RX - A virus medicine that checks for the presence of a virus and will warn you of any programs that have been corrupted. You should then replace the infected programs with fresh copies from your master disks. Applextras 3.5 ProDOS disk for the llgs Boot.System - Boot program that displays the Title screen folder - The Xtras goodies folder! DAs folder - Desk Accessories should be placed in the DESK.ACCS folder of your system disk Writelt folder Writelt - A handy Text reader and Word Processor in an NDA About. Writelt - details of how to use Writelt NDA Mphase - Displays the current phase of the moon grap! 2 Mouse - Mr Mouse disp} tion of the mouse on t! for software developers. GS.Games folder - 3 Classic card games Solitaire folder Solitaire - The classic game of patience. the current posi- screen. Invaluable Cards.Clubs - Data files used for the phic display. Ee bisaepaal Cards.Hearts Cards.Spades Poker folder Poker.Pic - Title screen Poker - poker and lose your shirt! Cards.Spades Cards.Hearts Cards.Diamonds Cards.Clubs Monte.Carlo folder Cards.Clubs Cards.Hearts Cards.Spades Monte - Play the Monte Carlo game of patience and try and beat the clock! Monte.Help - Read this with List.System or Writelt to see how to play. Photonix.BXY - The disk copier to end all disk copiers! This offering from France will, blow youn socks off. You have never seen anythin; ike it before! Extract to a blank 3.5 disk wi ShrinkiIt and then boot. Don't forget to take a look at the *?'. Detailed instructions are on the disk in an AppleWorks file. Use List.System to view these. Disk.Map folder DiskMap.Doc.Exe - From Basic, type ‘-DISKMAP.DOC.EXE' to list the instruc- tions. This by the way is the neatest way of listing a text file to screen that I have seen. It uses the power of EXEC files and Basic to the full. Use List.System to see how it was achieved. Disk.Map.System - Program to map out all the used blocks on a disk showing where the directories and files lie. Virus folder Virus.Notes - Virus history on the Apple II and how to fix attacks. Virus.Killer - Clears attacks of Lode Runner virus, Nucleus.SHK - Brought to you from the same stable as Photonix, this demonstration of the sound and graphic capabilities of the Ilgs is all the more amazing when you consider that the IIgs toolbox has not been used! Most of the commands are available from the keypad, check each key out in turn to see the various options of the program. To see Nucleus work- ing, you should extract to a blank 3.5 disk using Shrinkit, and boot the resulting disk. Title picture - Our AppleXtras title picture. ProDOS. Tools folder List folder List.System - This is a most useful display tool. List.System will olen any kind of file, and attempt to display as text if it can, and displays Agee text files correctly. It can also be used to print a file as well. List.Descr - Details of how to use List.System Shrink folder ShrinkIt.System - Boot file to start Shrinkit. Shrinkit - The //e, //c and Iigs version of this outstanding archive program. ShrinkIt.Docs - Details of the program and update history. ae ny t-Icon - Place this in your ICONS lolder. ProDOS system - ProDOS 8 V1.4 B modified with Glen Bredon's Selector program. é February 1990 ‘Appie2000 &e W Library Update a We add new disks to the library, and read you your rights ! We have added three new disks to the IIgs library, and have started a new section for 5.25 master System Disks. As there have been a few requests recently from members who have obtained secondhand Apple Il ma- chines without System disks, we have added the DOS 3.3, ProDOS and CP/ M master disks to a new library sec- tion. However we must point out that all System disks in our libraries are subject to license arrangements with Apple UK and Microsoft. ‘We publish the Apple license agree- ment opposite. and ask you to read bis before using any of the System lisks. ligs 3.5 library 2GS022 - System Disk 5.0.2 2GS023 - System Tools 5.0.2 These two disks make up the com- plete and latest System 5.0.2 2GS024 - Update disk to update your existing System 5.0 disks to 5.0.2 Apple II 5.25 library $001 - DOS 3.3 Master (The classic DOS 3.3 Master disk). $002 - DOS 3,3 Basics pre-boot disk. avowa you to boot 13 sector DOS 3.2 disks. $003 - DOS 3.3 //e Master disk for the //e only. Includes utilities and sample files. $004 - ProDOS 1.8 Master disk for 64k //e, //c and [+. $005 - ProDOS 1.0.2 //c Master and utilities disk. S006 - Microsoft CP/M 2.23 60k Master boot disk and utilities. Re- quires a Microsoft Z80 card. Order library disks from: Apple2000 PO Box 3 Liverpool L21 SPY. 3.5 lbrary disks are £4.50 each and 5.25 disks are £4.00 each. Price in- cludes P&P and VAT. YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY READ THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND CONDITIONS BEFORE USING THIS SOFTWARE ANY REPRODUCTION, COPYING OROTHER USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL CONSTITUTE ACCEPTANCE OF THESE TERMS AND CONDI- TIONS. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH THEM, YOU SHOULD ERASE THE CONTENTS OF THESE DISCS. SINGLE-COMPUTER END USER SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT APPLE COMPUTER, INC. (“Apple”) provides this software and licenses its use. You assume responsibility for the selection of the software to achieve your intended results, and for the installation and use of, and results obtained from, software. LICENSE Pursuant to this license you may: 1. Use the software onlyona single Applecomputer. You must obtaina supplementary license from Apple before using the sot in connection with systems and multiple central processing units, computer networks or emulations on mainframe or minicom- uters. pee Use the software only on media that is compatible with Apple manufactured computers. 3 Copy the software into any machine readable form for backup purposes in support of. x ur use of the software on the single Apple computer, . Transfer the software and license to another with a core of this Agreement provided the other party reads and agrees to accept the terms conditions of this Agreement. If you transfer the software, you must at the same time either transfer all copies, whether in printed or machine-readable form, to the same or destroy any copies not transferred. Apple grants a license to such other party under this ‘ntand the other party will accept such license by its initial use of the software. Ifyou transfer possession of any copy of the software, in whole or in part, toanother party, your license {s automatically terminated. This software {s protected by United States copyright law. You must reproduce the Apple co; right notice on any copy of the software. You MAY NoT MODIFY, RSE COMPILE, DISASSEMBLE, NETWORK, RENT, LEASE, LOAN OR DISTRIBUTE THE SOFTWARE, ORANY COPY, IN WHOLE ORIN PART. YOU UNDERSTAND THAT UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OF COPIES OF THE SOFTWARE OR UNAUTHORIZED TRANSFER OF ANY COPY OF THE SOFTWARE MAY ee TO A LAWSUIT FOR DAMAGES, INJUNCTIVE RELIEF, AND ATTOR- Apple reserves all rights not expressly granted to you. 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General This Agreement, if any attempt to network, rent, lease, or sublicense the software, or, except as expressly provided in this Agreement. to transfer any of the rights, duties or obligations under this it, becomes void. 2 Bm | Apple2000 February 1990 Corruption and Sub Battle Keith Rookledge gets corrupted and Robert Hornby goes under in the search for the perfect game CORRUPTION .. This review deals with a new release from Magnetic Scrolls called Corrup- tion. I have not played this type of game before, having restricted myself to the Wizardry scenarios, Avatar and more recently Might & ba Well I start from the begin- ning, always the best place. The game comes boxed in the familiar Blue and consists of three discs, a cassette tape, no don’t get worried you listen to it! and a set of instructions. The first action is to back up the discs using a copy pro; You can use CopyA but I used Diversi-Copy as I wanted to check my disc speeds. Once you have carried this out you boot the system disk and then operate from two discs, although you can operate from one drive, two are obvi- ously better. The system get itself up and running and the first screen give some indication as to what is going (or not) on. The instructions suggest that you read everything and I am sure that Is a good idea as you need all the information that you can get to sort the plot out. Once you have read the first screen the subsequent screens consist of a few lines of text at the bottom and “graphics” at the top part. The graph- ics are of a low resolution and in addition. when text is replaced, it scrolls so quickly that it is difficult to read. When the graphics are replaced all the screen is revealed for a short time. I felt that the “graphics” do nothing to the game and it would operate better without them. It is sible that some clues could be lost ut it would lead to a better “view” of the text. There is a print facility and this is essential, but you will end up with a lot of paper and I feel that is not what Apple games should be about. Inciden! the game is for all II's from Plus to GS and can work, so it says, without a 80 column card. I tried it on my Ile and even with only 64k the” graphics” worked. Once you have assimilated all the preliminary information and ex- tracted the clues the game proper begins. It is a text game with your input interacting with the computer. The instructions give you sufficient information to get going and as you progress through the game you be- come more expert at the “ Questions” to elicit information. I am not ing © eg away any details, it would spoil ¢ fun! There is a lot of information to as- similate and a pen and paper are essential. You have to move round your office to converse with different people and also to look into drawers etc. so mapping Is a part of the game. Directions to move are given by com- mands such as “Go North" etc. You are told to talk to people and to ask them questions, which again is car- ried out by simple commands. What happens when you get stuck or for that matter cannot get going? Well, there is a Filofax insert contain- ing clues and a list of “Cypheric Hints". These I found very laborious to use. You have to type in up to 60 series of two letter codes, to elicit a nse to your request for a hint and one error on entry causes a reject of your request for help. In addition there are about 100 series of hints to chose from and it ts difficult to decide which one corresponds to your cur- rentsituation. Iconsider that this was a most laborious system to use but having said that as it operates on all I's then the system obviously cannot be too sophisticated otherwise it would not be so flexible. Also in your Filofax pages are a section of names and addresses, some expense details from which in- formation can be gained when you find where they apply. Well for those of you who like this type of game or are restricted by your Apple the game would give value for money. However I had reserva- tions about it as detailed above. When. you see some of the products coming out of the States for the GS it shows you what graphics are all about. I feel that if this type bol sa is going to be produced it is best to stick with pure text. Simple low res graphics in front of my eyes were not conducive to good ae Would I buy it? Yes if I had a Il+ as 1am sure that It is good value but for a GS or Ile with extras then I feel that it is worth spending the extra on a more up market product Keith Rookledge e Product : Sub Battle Publisher : Epyx Available from: MGA Softcat 41 Cinque Port Street RYE E Sussex TN3t 7AD (0797) 226601 Price : £9.95 (Usually £19.95) £19.95 Ilgs version Value : dade Performance : edad Documentation: ¢é¢éé6 SUB BATTLE Sub Battle is a submarine simula- tor set in the Second World War. You start off by choosing which side you want to be on. The Americans, who are fighting Japan and Germany who are fighting the Americans and the British. The game itself starts when you get your mission. Altogether on the game there are sixty. Then you choose level of difficulty ta) and the game starts. You start off at your home port and will travel to your mission destination by either map or by a special feature the Navigator. This plots your course for you and speeds up time and gets you there more quickly. Once there you will carry out mission orders and return. The missions given range from interception to patrol. The graphics for the game are pretty good but the enemy ships could have a different colour other than black especially at night because you can- not see them. The inside of the sub ts well drawn showing all the details needed including speed, damage re- ports, maps, data readout on enemy ships. and also radar and sonar. ¢ game has tried to show what it was like on board a sub and E have done this well. All missions are accurate. The best mission being THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY. The maps are also well drawn and accurate (checked in Atlas). The only problem with the ¢ is when running und I found myself plonk in the middle of Australia about 175 miles in. Imagine moving about on land in emep asking for directions to the seal The documentation Is good and well written showing tactics Americans and Germans used in the war and also showing pictures of ships found in the game. Also comes with key- board reference (I'm telling you, you need It!) and catalogue. It is good priced at £9.95 and is a great game enjoyed greatly by me. Robert Hornby (aged 13) é February 1990 Apple2000 Be Apple /// Mike Kramer tells how to install and change drivers on the Apple /// INSTALLING AN APPLE /// DRIVER or What Have I Gotten Myself into? By Mike Kramer Houston Area Apple Users Group (Apple Orchard, Vol. 4, Num. 7, Octo- ber 1983) The Initial Shock When my office Apple /// arriveda little over a year ago, everyone was anxious to see what it could do. This naturally included seeing it print something. After impressing every- one with being able to enter a simple VisiCalc spreadsheet without reading the manual, I lost all credibility when it wouldn't print anything on the Epson printer. After they left, I got out the owner's manual and discovered that Apple /// software normally comes configured for serial printers connected to the built-in serial port. For me to print on the Epson printer connected to the Universal Parallel Interface Card (commonly called a UPIC) in Slot 1, [needed to install and configure a parallel driver. What's more, I needed to do this with every boot disk I had or would ever have, that would use the parallel card. What I didn't realise at that point was that the source of my “difficulty” was in fact one of the outstanding features of the Apple ///. That fea- ture is Apple ///'s ability to execute programs written with little regard to what kind of output device would be used (also known as device-inde- pendent 1/0). Without the programmer knowing ahead of time where program output will go, output from Apple /// pro- grams can be directed toa printer, the screen, a named diskfile, etc,, at run time. The price we pay is having to gener- ate appropriately configured drivers into any new software we get. Not much of a price when you know how, and you should know how to install drivers ifyou intend to use an Apple / //. This is particularly so since gener- ating drivers for the Apple /// is not something the typical store person knows very much about (there are exceptions, however). So after this rambling introduction, get out your Standard Device Drivers Manual and, if you have one, the UPIC Parallel Interface Installation and Operating Manual, and let's find out how to doit What is a driver? First, let's review what a driver does. The Standard Device Drivers Manual describes peripheral devices such as the keyboard, video display, speaker, and input/output {I/O) ports as the “senses” of the computer. Le., the eyes, ears, etc. These senses are connected to the Sophisticated Operating System (SOS) by device drivers which perform four functions: - Process data generated by programs and send it to the devices as output. - Process data generated by the device and send it to programs as input. - Permit programs and SOS to control the device and the driver itself. - Permit programs and SOS to read the status of the device and the driver. Most of you don't need to be con- cerned with the specifics of what the drivers do, but it should help your understanding if you're generally aware of what they do and why they are there, System Configuration Program One of the disks provided with the Apple /// 1s the System Utililles Disk, which includes the System Configu- ration Program (SCP). This is the tool for adding or removing device drivers, or changing the parameters that control their operation. You may have noticed when cataloguing disks that every bootable disk has three special files named SOS.KERNEL, SOS.DRIVER, and SOS.INTERP. SOS.KERNEL is SOS _ itself. SOS.INTERP is the machine language “interpreter” which runs on bootup. This can be Business BASIC, Pascal, Apple Writer///, VisiCalc, etc. Unless you become very, very good with the Apple /// you will never create your own SOS.INTERP. SOS.DRIVER contains the system configuration, including the drivers and their control parameters, the number of disk drives connected, the video display character set. the ASCII character codes assigned to each key on the rd, and the slot assign- ments for any interface cards plugged into the connectors inside the Apple. Reading a Driver File First, let's find out which drivers are in fact currently on a boot disk. Place a System Utilities diskette in the uilt-in drive and boot it. Next, run the SCP by moving the cursor to the third line and pressing RETURN. To look at and possibly change any of the information defining how your Apple /// operates, tell the SCP to READ in the SOS.DRIVER file from the disk- ette of interest by placing the cursor over “Read a Driver File” and pressing RETURN. Why not read in the SOS.DRIVER file from the Utilities diskette itself and configure it (you are using a backup copy of the original disk, aren't you), so that you can list direc- tories on your printer rather than always listing on the screen. The SCP defaults to .D1/SOS,DRIVER, so all you have to do is press RETURN. To read from a disk in the external drive, change .D1 to .D2 before pressing RETURN. After a few seconds, the current driver configuration will be displayed on the screen as shown on Page 12 of the Standard Device Drivers Manual. Note that each driver has a unique name beginning with a dot (looks suspiciously like a period). A driver can have any name as long as it begins with a dot (period) followed by a letter, is not more than 15 charac- ters long, and contains only letters, numbers, and periods. Also note that an asterisk in front of a driver name means that driver is included in the driver file but is inactive. When flagged as inactive, that driver is not loaded into memory on bootup and cannot be sptesned:during program execution. The benefit of doing this Is that you don't use up memory with drivers you are not currently using. When you have finished reading the driver names press ESC to return to the SCP menu. Editing Driver Parameters Next select the “Edit Driver Parame- ters" option on the SCP menu. The driver file you read into memory ear- lier probably had a driver named -PRINTER. On a new boot disk. this is most likely a serial driver. You can find out what it is by moving the cursor to highlight .PRINTER and pressing “RETURN”. You will then see a display which lists the device name, the type, the subtype, the activity status, comments, and driver con- figuration block information. At this point you are interested in whether the device is serial or not. You can usually assume .PRINTER Is serial if the slot is indicated as “n/a”, which 4 Apple2000 February 1990 indicates .PRINTER has been as- signed to the built-in port. Unfortu- nately, few people bother to use the comments line to document in Eng- lish how the drivers were confi, 4 Ifyou are installing a parallel r, you will probably name it .PRINTER, since this is generally accepted as the name of the most commonly used driver. Rather than delete the serial driver from the disk, give it another name such as SPRINTER and deacti- vate it. You may want to use it later when you get your serial letter quality printer. you're at it, use the comments line to indicate that this is a serial driver. Adding a Driver File _ Assuming you're adding a parallel driver, insert the disk included with the UPIC card in one of the drives (we'll assume Drive 2). Press “ESC” twice to exit the Edit Driver Parame- ters display and return to the SCP menu. Once again select the “Read a Driver File” option. This time, when asked for the pathname of the driver file, *.D2/PRINTER.DRIVER™. This cause the parallel printer driver file to be read from the UPIC disk. Note that PARALLEL.DRIVER on the UPIC disk is intended for communication between computers using a parallel interface and should not be used here. Note that the new driver’s name has been added to the end of the list of drivers and that you may have two drivers with the same name. Press “ESC” to return to the SCP menu. Configuring the New Driver The next step in this adventure is to configure the parallel driver for your particular printer and tell SOS in which slot your parallel interface card has been installed. To configure the driver, once again select “Edit Driver Parameters”. The driver name will be -PRINTER. so you will probably have no need to Gio 2) it. It will also be active. You should make an entry in the comments line to indicate what printer you are using. Now for the hard part: tailoring the values in the Configuration Block for your printer. The Configuration Block can contain up to 255 values ar- renee i up to 16 rows or 16 values (the last row has 15). These values are used with serial drivers to specify baud rates, with the Silentype to control heating of the dots in the print head, etc. With the parallel driver, five values are used to tell the driver (1) what control signals in the cable are to be monitored, (2) what the normal values are, (3) whether the printer generates its own line feeds, (4) the polarity ore Ps. handshake signals, and (5) the printer response timeout. To find out what ibeeeval- ues should be foryour printer, lookon Page 19 of the UPIC manual. Enter these values into the Configuration Block. If you do not see your printer listed, using “00 00 00 00 0A", Press “1 “ to return to the me- ter list. When you are satisfied that they are all correct press “ESC” to return to the SCP menu. System Parameters All that remains is to tell the system where the parallel card is installed. This is done by selecting the “Change System Parameters” option. You will be shown a list of the current system eters. Select the “Peripheral Slot Assignment” option to list the slot assignments. Most assignments will say “n/a”, indicating built-in slots. To change a slot assignment enter the number of the driver as shown on the display. When you are asked for the slot assignment, type it in. If you are unsure of the slot assignment, look at the openings In the back of the Apple and see which one has a filler plate labelled “Universal Parallel Printer Interface*. From the rear, Slot 1 ison the right. Note that it's possible to have twoor more drivers assigned to the same slot. This would be done, for example, ifyou wanted to use both a dot matrix printer as a draft printer and a letter quality printer from the same pro- gram using the same interface and a switch Press “ESC” to return to the listing of the Current System Parameters. Press “ESC* for the SCP menu. @> ALRPLE SS PUBLIC DOMAIN. SOFTWARE Reduced in Price ! All disks now only £1.50 Over 250 disks, many new this year Enhancement kit for //e £48.00 - Universal Joystick £23.00 - Star LC-10 Printer £199.00 Bulk 5.25" disks £4.50 for 10 - Bulk 3.5" disks £ £6.50 for 10 Computability, FREEPOST, Hedge End, Southampton, Hants, SO3 4NF Telephone (0489) 786229 February 1990 Apple2000 Generating a New System The final step is to generate a new system that incorporates the new configuration information and install it on the disk. Select “Generate New System". There are two functions performed in system generation, vali- dation of the configuration and stor- of the new coi ition on the disk. When validation is successfully completed, you will be asked for the name of the file where the new con- figuration is to be saved. You do not have to name the file SOS.DRIVER at this point. In fact you can create a disk containing nothing but system configurations for different applica- tons and transfer these to your boot disks as needed. They do have to be named SOS.DRIVER to be loaded on bootup and used. If you decide to store the driver file on your disk under the name SOS.DRIVER and a file exists under that name, the SCP will ask if you want to replace it. Ifyou answer yes, the old SOS.DRIVER will be lost. You might want to name it NEW.DRIVER at this point and preserve the o1 SOs.D R file. When System Gen- eration is complete, select the “Quit” option. If you have not performed a new system generation, a warning will be given and you will have to indicate that this is in fact what you want to do. If you preserved the original SOS.DRIVER but want to try the new configuration, enter the Filer section of the Systems Utility and rename SOS.DRIVER somethin like OLD.DRIVER. Then change the name of NEW.DRIVER to SOS.DRIVER. If all went well, you should be able to print on your parallel printer when you reboot using the modified boot disk. If the printer doesn't work, start over and pay close attention to which parallel driver is read in, what slot is specified, and what Configuration Block information is entered. If the printer prints, but does strange things, the Configuration Block is likely to be the problem. So there you have it. No longer will you wonder why your printer does either weird things or nothing at all when you tell it to print, and you'll enjoy the flexibility of configuring drivers for anything and everything. Mike Kramer « CHANGING AN APPLE /// CP/M DRIVER FILE By Mike Kramer Houston Area Apple Users Group Vipple Orchard, Vol. 4, Num. 7. Oc- T 1983) Although the procedure to add, ange. or delete a driver under Apple /// CP/M is similar to that under SOS, it requires more steps and the steps required are not intuitively obvious. This discussion attempts to summarise those steps, but is not intended as a substitute for the manuals. Because of constraints in the CP/M system, the peripheral driver file is named DRIVER.SOS rather than SOS.DRIVER. As supplied by Apple, the CP/M system knows about the aie ai oe Aiud serial ve fu It is tot joran' = vices. Your ra is Fel sig oti cated by the fact that CP/M only knows about four physical devices, consoles (CON:), tape readers (RDR:), tape punches (PUN:), and system printers (LST). It permits u logical devices pe physical device. Your driver file, however, can have as many drivers as you want within memory constraints. You just can’t sores cies them caslly. A tear complication is apparent rou cant look at the Scents of the nae configuration blocks once the driver file is placed on the CP/M disk. You can see what drivers are included and which are assigned to the CP/M logi- cal devices, Pre: the Driver File The first step in pace tO or chang- ing the CP/M DRIVER.SOS file Is to boot the Apple /// SOS Utilities Disk. Since the procedure for preparing a driver file is well documented in Chapter 2 of the Standard Device Drivers Manual it will not be dis- cussed here. The main point to re- member is that you start the proce- dure under SOS, not CP/M. Further, u should store the driver file on the CP/M Utilities Diskette under the name DRIVER.SOS. If you name it SOS.DRIVER you would overwrite the SOS.DRIVER file on the utilities disk- ette, which you may not want to do. Transferring Driver from SOS to cP, Insert the CP/M System diskette in the built-in drive (Drive A:); insert the CP/M Utilities Diskette in the exter- nal drive (Drive B:) and boot the sys- tem. Next type “SOSXFER" to run the SOS-to-CP/M file translation pro- gram. After an asterisk appears. the following: B:DRIVER.SOS = A:SOS.DRIVER If you do not want to change the driver file on the CP/M System disk- ette, you will need to specify a differ- ent destination name on the left side of the “=" which would have tobe used thro’ the rest of the procedure described below. After you specify the source and destination files and press RETURN the screen will then display: Insert SOS disk into drive A: Insert CP/M disk into drive B: Press RETURN to begin When the transfer is complete, the message “Transfer complete” will be displayed. For more detail on the use of SOSXFER, see Page 74 of the Softcard ve ut Installation and Operation Man- ual. Cc cP/M 1/O Replace the SOS disk in Drive A: with the CP/M item Diskette, press Control-C to do a warm start, and run the configuration pro; by typing “CONFIG”. CONFIG will list the names of the drivers in the DRIVER.SOS file, along with the cur- rent CP/M device assignments. Likely the device ass! nts will show that CON:=COl and that COl:=.CONSOLE. Also, it will proba- bly show that LST:=LS] and that LS1:=.PRINTER. If you named the parallel driver .PRINTER then you are all set. Ifyou wanted a Silent tobe the system printer and it is listed as LS2: you would just type LST:=LS2:. When the device assignments are as uu want them, END or a Con- l-C. You will then be asked if the changes should be made permanent. Ifyou answer “YES”, they will be writ- ten back to the built-in drive. See Page 52 of the Softcard /// Installation and Operation Manual for a sample display and detailed explanation of the use of the CONFIG utility. Transferring DRIVER.SOS to Other Disks Place any diskette on which you wish to have the new DRIVER.SOS file placed into the external drive (B:). Leave the CP/M System disk contain- ing the new DRIVER.SOS in the built- in drive (A:). Press Control-C to tell CP/M a disk was changed. If you don't, you will get an error when you try to write to it. Next erase the DRIVER.SOS file on the disk in the external drive with the following command: >ERA B:DRIVER:SOS Next transfer the new DRIVER.SOS from the CP/M System disk with the following command: >PIP B: DRIVER. SOS=DRIVER. SOS When this operation is complete, you should have a disk with the de- sired I/O configuration, assuming that you did everything correctly. If you want the same I/O configuration on another disk, just PIP it. Mike Harmer These two articles by Mike Kramer of the Houston Area Apple Users Group, were first printed in Apple Orchard the journal of the International Apple Core. ic @ Apple2000 February 1990 How to Avoid Surprises with AppleWorks 3.0 aS, William Marriott of Claris Technical Support gives us the lowdown on AW 3.0 Many users call Claris Technical purport with questions about the new version of AppleWorks, the most significant upgrade to the program since its introduction seven ago. This article answers some of the most common questions about AppleWorks 3.0. Has the new version of AppleWorks caught you off- guard? Perhaps your printer no longer works like it used to, ora feature that you used often has changed. Read this article for solutions and explanations to some of the most commonly asked questions about AppleWorks 3.0: Q. Ll use a mouse with my old copy of AppleWorks to choose commands from menus navigate in the spread- sheet. Why did Claris remove this feature from Apple- Works 3.0? A. AppleWorks has never supported a mouse. Many pro- grams which custo. AppleWorks features were available for earlier versions of the program. Ifa friend or your dealer configured AppleWorks for you, your copy may have been senhaniced” with extra features like time and date display, screen savers, customized error bells, cosmetic changes to the AppleWorks screen, and macros. Since you could use a mouse with the older version of AppleWorks, you most likely had a “macro* enhance- ment installed. Your copy of AppleWorks has been modified if you have a file called “ULTRASYSTEM” or “SUPER.SYSTEM"” on your disk. If you wish to use the mouse (or other enhancements) with AppleWorks 3.0, you will need to install new versions of the add-on software. UltraMacros 3.0 is compatible with the new AppleWorks, and adds mouse capability. A 50% dis- count coupon for UltraMacros is included with the 3.0 upgrade, The special offer for TimeOut UltraMacros expires at the end of the year. Q. Is AppleWorks 3.0 compatible with my accelerator card? My cursor flashes much more slowly in Apple- Works 3.0 than it did in 2.1. A. Your accelerator card is still functioning and speeding up AppleWorks operations. In older versions of Apple- Works, using an accelerator card (or using AppleWorks on an Apple Iigs) caused the cursor to Blink very quickly. In fact, some of the newer chips made the cursor flash so fast it was hard to find on the screen. In AppleWorks 3.0, the cursor is programmed to flash at the same rate whether you have an accelerator card or not, Other parts of AppleWorks have also been changed to accommodate accelerator boards. For example, when AppleWorks performs a sort, it no longer lists the time it will take to complete the task. Instead, a progress bar” shows you the rate at which the task is being completed. a Q. [have a No-Slot clock, which worked fine with version 2.1, but no longer seems to work with AppleWorks 3.0. Does version 3.0 support clocks? A. AppleWorks supports ProDOS-compatible clocks. For example, ifyou use AppleWorks 3.0 with an Apple Iigs, you do not need to enter the date or time when you start AppleWorks. Also, your files will be “stamped” with the time of their m ication, The No-Slot clock is not noi ProDOS compatible, You make it compatible by modifying ProDOS with a special “patch.” The ProDOS shipped with AppleWorks 3.0 does not include this modification. If you have an older (patched) version of ProDOS, you can copy it from your AppleWorks 2.1 disk to the ProDOS disk supplied with AppleWorks 3.0. Your clock should then work property. Q. I have a large data base created in AppleWorks 2.1 on two 5.25-inch disks. When I try to open this file in Pda abe 3.0, I get an error message and I can’t open ie tlie. A. If you have extra memory in your computer, you can create files that are too large to fit on standard 5.25- inch disks. You need to save the file to a larger disk: either a 3.5-inch disk, which holds 800K; or a hard disk, which will hold at least 5 MB (about 5.120K), depending on the hard drive. For earlier versions of AppleWorks, memory board manufacturers offered a utility that allowed users to take advantage of all the memory in their computer, without purchasing addi- tional disk drives. These utilities modified AppleWorks to “segment” files to two or more disks when saving large files. If you have segmented files that you wish to use with AppleWorks 3.0, you have the following op- tions: Q Wait for the memory card manufacturer to release a compatible version of the utility. Applied Engineering and Checkmate have promi: new versions of their utilities that will be compatible with AppleWorks 3.0. Q Purchase a 3.5-inch disk drive or hard disk. To o} large files pore 3.0, open the files from a disk copy using App leWorks 2.1. Copy the files toa 3.5-inch disk drive or disk. You will then be able to open the files from the 3.5-inch disk drive or hard disk with Ap- pleWorks 3.0. Q Segment the file into chunks that can fitona single disk, then combine the files in memory. Use AppleWorks 2.1 to open the large file and then manu: segment it across two or more disks. Open the file with Apple- Works 3.0 and then combine the files tn ynemiory. Afinal note because of its additional features. Apple- Works 3.0 uses 16K more memory than older versions. Ifyou had files that were near the limit of the Desktop, you may not be able to open them in AppleWorks 3.0. If you have files you are unable to open, you will have to make the files smaller or purchase additional mem- ory, sus you want to take full advantage of the new version. Q. I installed my Epson printer using the AppleWorks Printer Information setup menu. When I try to print, garbled text and extra characters appear on the print- out. The AppleWorks codes are different than the codes in my printer manual, so I changed the codes to match the printer manual. The printer still doesn't work prop- erly, even when I add it as a custom printer. What am I doing wron, A. You install uur printer correctly. Unfortunately, there is a problem associated with removing printers from the printer list that was discovered Claris shipped AppleWorks 3.0. The problem is not limited to Epson or ImageWriter printers. For the most reliable printer Met Pees not remove the ImageWriter from the printer list. Recopy the AppleWorks program disk and add the Epson printer to the printer list. Your printer should work properly. Q. I added a header to an AppleWorks word processor document using different tab settings than those used in the body t When I print out the document, the first page prints properly, but subsequent pages use February 1990 Apple2000 Sew the header tab settings for the body text. What's hap- ning. A The header resets the current tab settings whenever it prints. For example, you might set up a header with only one tab stop, a center tab, for the page number. The body of your text might use a more complex tab settings for columns and indented paragraphs. The tab sett for the body text will be in effect until the header prints on the second page. When the header rints on the second page, the tab settings reset to the eader tab settings. The header tab settings remain in effect for the rest of the printout. Ifyou want to have two oeperete rulers for ove body and header, insert the r for body text before the Page Header End com- mand. Q. I like the abili footers, so 1 to have multiple-line headers and a 15-line footer to my document. When | print the document, It prints it the perfora- tion on my paper! How can I correct this? A. Printing can become erratic if there are more than nine lines in a header or a footer. Unfortunately. there is no solution to this problem other than using fewer lines in your headers and footers. Q. [havea Brother ter that I use with AppleWorks 3.0. Although, I set “Needs line feed after each return” option in the “Add a Printer” menu to “No,” and the interface card setting is correct I still get double-spaced output. How can I correct this problem so it will print single-space output? A. Some Brother printers Interpret the return character at the end of the printer le as a printer command, others do not. If you get double- or triple- spacing from your printer, re-enter the code for 10 characters per inch without the return character. You should now be able to print single-space output. If that workaround falls, remove the codes for 10 characters per inch and 6 lines per inch altogether. @Q. My Panasonic printer puts a zero at the beginning of every line. How can I eliminate the zeros from my output? A. The AppleWorks print driver uses codes for characters per inch that do not work well with some models of Panasonic printers. The solution is to use the following codes, taken from the “PRINTER CODES" database on the sample files disk: 10 cpi_ Escape P Control-A 12 cpt Escape P Control-@ Refer to pages A-9 through A-12 of the AppleWorks Reference manual for instructions on entering the Q. I defined a “Color IW” and used the new special codes area to set up commands for color output on my ImageWriter Il. Then I added a “Foreign IW~ which had special codes for foreign language output. When I went back to use the driver for color output, I discovered that my special codes for color had been replaced with special codes for those for foreign language. Am I limited to only one set of special codes? A. In AppleWorks 3.0, you can define up to six special printer control codes per printer. You would expect that each of the three possible printers would have unique sets of special codes, and they can _ except that the labels for those codes remain the same for all printers. The codes themselves are unaffected. For example, special code #1 for the Color IW ts different than Special Code #1 for the Foreign IW, even though both codes might be labeled “Print Spanish.” This is an inherent limitation in the program. Q. I used the 10 cpi code for my Star printer listed in the “PRINTER CODES” database supplied with Apple- 1s lh g Apple2000 Works 3.0. When I print, “ES” appears at the beginning of every line of my document. Are the codes listed in the database incorrect? A. You're probably entering the code as it appears in the Multiple Record Layout. In that view, the columns are too narrow to display the entire code. Ifyou entered part of the code, it pro! ‘won't work properly. To view the entire code, press Open Apple-Z for Single-Record Layout. You'll discover that the complete code for 10 cpi on a Star printer is as follows: Escape B Control-A Escape W Control-@ You entered “Escape B Control-A ES,” which would cause the “ES” to appear at the beginning of every line. Q. I pre a report in the Data Base module and specified that I needed three copies. The first co; printed out fine, but other two copies ipuoted out wil only the header and the first record of the report. How can I resolve this problem? A. There are a couple of alternatives. You can print the Teport to the Clipboard and then move the file from the Clipboard into the Word Processor module. You can then print the report from the Word Processor. You can also press Open Apple-C to copy the database records you want to print. Open a new spreadsheet document and press Apple-C again to copy the data- base records from the Clipboard to the Spreadsheet. The Word Processor and Spreadsheet modules will print multiple copies properly. Q. I tried to use the FastCopy pro; included with AppleWorks 3.0 to copy AppleWorks. However, when I insert my original disk, the computer beeps and I met the me: “This disk must be write-protected!” As far as I can tell, the disk is write-protected. What should I do now? A. FastCo} juires you to write-protect your source disks (the disk you're co; information from.) Ifyou have problems copying your disk, try the following tech- niques: QO Use nonreflective opens tape to cover the notch. Some disk drives (including later model Apple drives) use optical sensors to see if a write- protect notch is covered or not, and it will not recognize disks with transparent or shiny tape as being write-protected. Q Use thicker, sturdier tape. Some drives use a mechani- Cal batiog that is not fully activated when thin tape is ur 5 Q Make sure the tape wraps around both sides of the disk. Ifyou only lay the tape sideways, across the surface of the disk. the detector mechanism may not work prop- erly. Q Try a different copy utility, such as Copy Il+, or the programs included on the ProDOS Users Disk that came with your computer, Q. I like to use the option “Omit line when all entries on line are blank” in the Data Base to make my mailing labels more attractive. But when I print three-across labels, sometimes AppleWorks omits the line. and sometimes it doesn't. It works fine with one-across labels. How do I correct this problem? A. AppleWorks will only omit the line if all entries on the line are blank. If other labels in the same row have information on that line, the lines will not be omitted. To minimize the problem, sort your database by the categories which most often have blank entries. Those records will move to the top, and there will be a greater posepuyict having a blank line in all three labels of a tow. AppleWorks always omits empty lines when you print one-across labels. Q. The manual says that I can now use parenthesis in calculated fields. However. when I try the example in February 1990 the manual, all I get is a series of pound signs (########") in my report. Is there something wrong with my disk? A. Your disk is fine. The manual incorrectly states that APPLE TGS AppleWorks 3.0 follows algebraic rules for evaluating calculated database fields, and allows parenthesis in those fields. Actually, calculated fields behave e