Apple 2000 Vol 5 No. 2 1990 04 BASUG GB

THE NATIONAL APPLE USERS GROUP Apple2000K2 —— = YOUR INTRODUCTION TO A WORLD OF INFORMATION CompuServe Forum. The world’s largest on-line information service for PC’s. And now it’s here, in the UK. For you. 550,000+ members worldwide. @ Contact with over 100 countries. © Nearly 200special interest groups (everything from current affairs to the latest software developments). © More than 1400 information databases. @ 27,000+ public domain and shareware programs available to downtoad. @ Extensive electronic mail connections throughout second membership. for a strictly limited period, with avery new membership. Plus additional free usage credit for you the world (including Internet, MCI mail, Telex, Fax and Postal delivery). Find out about the best on-line club in the world, Call our sales support team free on the number below. Now. Or write to: CompuServe Forum, FREEPOST (BS6971), P.O. Box 676, Bristol BS99 1NZ. And get on-line to the world. F.RUE 8) JF) BeOrtN ce 0800 289 378 9.00am-9.00pm(Mon-Fri) CompuServe FO R UM Apple2000 The All Apple User Group Committed to All Apple Users including Macintosh Apple April 1990 Apple2000 P.O.Box 3, Liverpool, L21 8PY Pim Eile) Fax. Gi $23 GaP CONTENTS 3% CompuServe/Forum FREE offer - See Page 6 ##* Chairman's Corner Letter Box CompuServe /Forum — Special Offer Hardcore Pips AppleXtras — For the Apple Il and Iigs A Poke of Apples — Complete Guide Padmede Accounting So! e AppleWorks 3.0 Bugs Back to The Old Apple /// Patch Hotline News Game Set and Match — Games Reviews Ilgs Midi Conference Point To Point — A Review Apple Finder — Update SoftCat Corner Library Update PSS Dial Plus American Memories Ewen Wannop : 6 Cliff Wooton 8 10 Alan Remu 12 Alan Willey 14 Stowe Keller 15 John Jeppson 16 Dave Ward 18 Dave Ward, Les Roberts Adrian Campbell-Burt 20 New Apple II SCSI Card — Press Release 34 InSyder — A Review Believe it or not Department The Nibbler MacChat Abaton 8-bit Scanner Upgrade — A Review Mac Ilci: Bad Apple or Just Sour Grapes? New Macintosh IIfx TypeAlign — A Review Being “Multifinder Aware” Starting to Pro, the Macintosh Letter to the Editor Multi-Ad Creator — A Review Network News ‘TN # 260 Nubus Power Allocation MacWorld Expo, Holland, 1990 Software Circus Word 4.0 Word 4 Command List/Keyboard Commands Multimedia/News/Press Releases {polars — For the Mac lac Library Local Groups Members’ Small Ads. Advertisers’ Index America Online 22 Colin Tinker 25 Elizabeth Littlewood 26 Jon Gurr 27 ProDOS and Ilgs library 28 31 Elizabeth Littlewood 33 Dave Ward 35 37 38 Norah Arnold 42 Ewen Wannop 44 Martin Twelftree 48 49 Ralph Mittman 50 Rick Thomas 54 Dale Thatcher 56 Bill Pearce 57 Walter Lewis 58 60 64 Irene Flaxman 65 66 Geoff Wood 68 Geoff Wood 72 Irene Flaxman 74 76 77 78 80 80 There are a number of ways to contact Apple2000. Force users who have a query about the service can contact the adminis- trator, John Lee, directly for help and advice. Call him on the number opposite or send a message to his box on the Force. If you wish to order goods or services from Apple2000, call Irene on (50 2-048 or (during office hours) call Alison on 0732-740415. Both have Ansafones, in case they're not around. Alternatively you can Fax. to Siti) SHa-0/i0i7, write to the PO Box or (if you use comms) you can leave orders on TABBS addressed to the SYSOP. If you are experiencing problems with Apple hardware or software Dave Ward and Tony Dart run the Hotlines and will try and help you. We are very interested in the activities of local user groups, and if you have any information which you would like publicised John Lee would like to hear from you. We reserve the right to publish without prejudice in the journals of Apple2000 any advice or comments given to members. A little praise for a few of our authors wouldn't go amiss. Send all comments, and contributions, via the PO box, especially suggestions about what you would like to see in your magazine. ( jple2000 supports users my of all the le computers. The ITT 2020, I, 1, I+, //e, //c, /{c+, Tgs, Ugs+, ///, Lisa, XL, Mac 128, 512 MacPlus, SE, SE/30, Mac II, Ilex, Mci, Ix, fx & Portable Contributions and articles for the magazine are always welcome. We can handle any disk size or format. Please send to the PO Box, L21 8PY. NOTE: In general the front half of Tt Appl Tigs and Apple 177" . Apple IIgs and Apple The Back half for the Macin- tosh and Lisa. Look out for the descriptive page icons. Key: Apple Il, //e and //c Apple /// Apple IIgs B g Macintosh, Lisa =] Macintosh II @ fF The Force and Local Groups John Lee Voice 0373 84861 Administration Flaxman Irene CFU Ste Bie Pam Gl Sua oiHtF Adverts / Admin. Alison Davies FHS Faas Apple II Hotline lave Ward Mon-Fri 1900-2100 Macintosh Hotline Tony Dart Us sEsD Mon-Fri 1900-2100 TABBS Ewen Wannop - SYSOP Modem @iitits FAH*SiF —————— April 1990 Apple2000 1 Chairman's Corner Dect V SPORT. as a) a SNR I SR ce OC Q It has now become almost obligatory for Apple to release new products at sixmonthly intervals. This March was no exception to this rule with the launch of the Macintosh IIfx. Many guesses had been made as to what new ma- chines would be appearing this year, and it was no surprise to see that a fast Macintosh II appeared at the top of the range. It is disap- pointing though to see that the Mac Plus and the basic SE are still part of the range. We had hoped that an entry level machine would replace these two, a basic ma- chine that would fully use System 7.0 when it appears. The rumours will continue to flourish of course, and perhaps we shall see this machine at the next launch six months from now. The Ilfx is quite an important milestone for Apple. With the minimum of fuss, they have at- tacked the high end graphics and CAD market with a machine ca- pable of running at the speeds 1980-1990 these kind of applications need. With new 4mb SIMMS in the off- ing, up to 32mb can be fitted on board the IIfx. Couple this with the fast SCSI-DMA access, a 160mb internal hard disk and a Processor Direct Slot, we should see a real inroad being made into CAD and image manipulation. The new Display Cards give pho- tographic reproduction at 24 bit level, and with the optional video output will give computer anima- tion and image processing amuch needed boost. One item that was not men- tioned at the launch at Stockley Park, and one that is obviously a spin-off from the Mac develop- ment program (or is it the other way round?), is the new SCSI- DMA card for the Apple II range. We do not yet know when this will appear in the UK, but hope it will be very soon. Apple UK are con- tinuing to push the IIgs and the Apple II line into the background wherever possible. This is the last issue of the magazine under the present com- mittee. By the time you read this, the AGM may well be over. We shall be announcing the new committee in the May Apple Slices, There may be few sur- prises, but I for one hope that there will be some new faces round the committee table. Those of us who keep the group running are finding it more and more diffi- cult to keep up with the increased demands that the growing mem- bership make of us. Remember that it is a self-help organisation. Even ifall you can dois write usan article, please help the group along by contributing some of your own precious time. Without this kind of input, we are not giving our best to you. We do not commission articles for the maga- zine, they are almost all contrib- uted by members. As I write this I am about to change all the clocks in the house to British Summer Time. It is amazing how many systems have been evolved that must have clocks fitted. By the time I have changed the cooker, the video, my watch and all the various comput- ers, I will probably have forgotten about the clock in the car! I think T counted nine in all, and only two are really used to tell the time with. I suppose it is not too much to ask for the Japanese to inventa chip that would take care of the bi-annual time change automati- Cally ......6+ Ewen Wannop (— members, Annual subscription rates are £25.00 for UK residents, £30.00 for E.E.C. residents and £35.00 for other overseas Apple2000™ is a trading name of BASUG Ltd, anon-profit making independent company limited by guarantee. The contents of this journal are copyright of BASUG Ltd The Editorial team is: Apple Il Macintosh Ewen Wannop Norah Arnold Irene Flaxman . and/or the respective authors. Permission is granted fornon- commercial reproduction providing the author and source are properly credited and a copy of the relevant journal is sent. ‘The opinions and views expressed are those of the various contributors, and are not necessarily supported by BASUG Ltd. ‘This journal is published bi-monthly by BASUG Ltd as a benefit of membership in February, April, June, August, October and December. The copy date is the Ist day of the month preceding publication. Advertising rates are available ‘on request. ‘Apple™ and the Apple logo are trademarks of Apple Computer Inc. Macintosh™ is a trademark of Macintosh Laboratory Inc and used with the express permission of the owner. Telecom Gold™ is a trademark of British Telecom plc. The FORCE™ and Apple2000™ are trademarks of BASUG ce Many thanks to all those who work behind the scenes and who receive no personal credit. These people are the stalwarts of Apple2000. Additional thanks to Walter Lewis of Old Roan Press (051-227-4818) for our printing service, to lan Sharp of Sharp Studios (051-227-2788) for our cover de- sign and to MacLine for the use of their Electronic Pen postscript images. Apple2000 are Founder Members and Wholehearted Supporters of the Apple User Group Council yy, 2 Apple2000 April 1990 Xtras Mailbox Sunbury-on-Thames Middlesex Dear Sir, Having an un-enhanced //c, I thought I would give AppleXtras a try. The (5.25) disk duly arrived, close! followed the January Apple2000. The latter (p11) shows that 5.25 disks are for the llgs, //e and //c, 3.5 disks for the IIgs only. It then shows that the Shrinklt programs for the //e are distributed only on the IIgs disk! The preamble to the 5.25 section threatens to use Shrinkit for “files on the AppleXtras disks”. This bn Hea in the absence of any sensible explanation to Indi- cate that I have wasted my money and will be quite unable to access some programs intended for my poor old / /e without going outside the Xtras system. What Is the difference between the Il+ and //e versions? Perhaps this should have been mentioned too ... Is there any point in having the //e version if the II+ version works just as well? I do suspect that many //e owners beside myself would like a published explanation and, if appropriate, cor- rection. R Teale QYou asked for an explanation about the AppleXtras disks, so here it is: 1. There is so little room on a 5.25 disk, that in order to give you all your ‘moneys-worth' from the stocks of PD material that flow into the group, no programs were included that had already been issued on 5.25 inch li- brary disks. Shrinkit for the //e was issued last year on disk PRO1Q in the ProDOS library. It ts suitable for the Ilgs as well as the //c and //e. 2. The II+ version of Shrinklt dis- plays in 40 cols only and Is stripped of all the ‘bells and whistles’ of the //e version. There are no disk utilities or file view for instance, but it extracts files in exactly the same way. Cer- read you do not need the //e version ifyou have the II+ one. I apologise that this was not mentioned in the Applex- tras section in the last magazine. 3. No files were included on the first 5.25 Xtras disk that needed Shrinklt. It was a ‘threat’ that they might be used in the future, and in fact the sec- ond disk as you will see is completely ‘Shrunk’ in order to give you even more for your money. You will find details of how to use the Shrinkit I+ program in the AppleXtras section of this issue. 4. The AppleXtras disk were not intended to be totally self sufficient. No ProDOS Is included for instance, and it is assumed that you already have some form of file copy utility. Shrinkit having been already issued on 5.25 disk, fell into cate- gory. Making up the Xtras disk was not easy. Trying to give you a balance of programs and fit them all onto one disk is a bit of a nightmare. The Ilgs disk has the advantage of more space and so I was able to put on a copy of ProDOS with Glen Bredon’s program selector on. However, this program selector can only run P8 (standard 8 bit Seas ney rams, and will not run the GS/ les that are present on the disk. Also, some of the pro- grams will not run if launched from the Finder using a single drive! I hope you accept my apologies for any confusion that I may have given uu, and I hope that this issue of the disk go smoothly! Ewen Wannop ¢ AppleWorks Letterbox Alderney Channel Islands Dear Apple2000, Re: Apple //c and AW3.0 While the Mac allows one to set a print option to A4 size paper, my old pleWorks manual says in three places “The maximum you can use is 25.4 inches”, but A4 paper is 10.7 inches and yet my Epson MXSOFT and Silver Reed 500 both resolutely refuse to recognise this measure- ment. Perhaps I have confused the pro- gram by using serial cables to the printers? Would AW3.0 help? Can you help? Peter old OT think that it is simply the printer that will not allow such a measure- ment. They do not expect to see any- thing larger than US Legal paper or our own Foolscap size. The cables would have no effect at all. Apple- Works 3.0 would make no difference to the problem either. The Boffin « Jalan Senyum Singapore Dear Apple2000, Do you know of any utilities that allow me to print the Sterling & sign inside AppleWorks? It is frustrating because my has the Ster- ling £ sharing with the “#* sign. A. Mahmood Merican Eccles Lancashire Dear Apple2000, I'm using AppleWorks 3.0 on a Ilgs to write a thesis. | haven'trun intoany aie problems but: (1) Is there a way to print out in italics? (2) Can you give me some simple instructions on how to print half-size superscripts? (3) Is there any software or update that will do automatic up-dating of reference numbers on AppleWorks 3.0? I'm sure I'm not the only Apple- Works user who would find these features useful. Peter D Mohr O The problem in getting AppleWorks to print in other t! a normal type- face is not so much with AppleWorks as whether your printer is able to do it. Ifyou have a printer using a built- in character set it will either print a ‘#" or a ‘£' depending on the internal switch settings. Check your manual for details of changing from the US settings to a UK ath Some printers will allow you to print other characters by prefxing them with special commands. Again you would need to check you printer manual for this. Check out page A-10 in the Apple- Works 3.0 Reference manual for de- tails ofentering special print codes, or page 199 in the AppleWorks 2.0 manual. Ifyour printer is capable of printing Please submit all letters and articles to the magazine on disk wherever possible. The disks will be returned to you when the magazine Is published. If you have a modem, send us letters. articles and Public Domain programs either to BSG005 or to TABBS (iii *4e3i"), April 1990 Apple2000 Graphic dumps, you may consider using a print utility like TimeOut SuperFonts. This module attaches to AppleWorks and uses standard load- able fonts giving a print out with a very high quality NLQ result. You can choose from many faces in the library. The Boffin ¢ Small 'C' Letterbox TG) Wa bain: Cpanel Destetlhs Tas: Bheeaiis seid cases DCD CIUTD (GUase Fda Dear Apple2000, I have a small ‘C’ on CP/M lib 5.25 Disks C002, C003, and C004, my efforts to get into small ‘C’ with these have failed. Whatever program I write is overwritten by a small demo in assembler. I think I've just about everything. I'm en- closing printouts of the directories of the disks, in case I have a file [or a disk] missing. The ondisk manual doesn’t help,-nor do any of the books. Due to the popularity of ‘C’, maybe patting this letter in Letter Box would elp, as, unless my disks are different from everyone else's, many members will have similar problems with Small cor disks are OK, maybe this letter help me contact users of Small ‘C’, You may publish my full address and phone number. Bert Gee i=} from some extra files on COO4 (presumably your work files, the PROFILE ones) the disks check out OK. I do not have any experience of ‘C’ myself, so we must rely on some other member who can help with this one. Editor é Lisa/XL Letterbox Port Talbot West Glamorgan Dear Sirs. You carry a note on the updated Lisa/XL on page 2 of the January Slices. This includes a statement: “It will be fully compatible with Macin- tosh software” but our experience does not agree with this. We bought an 800k drive from MacSolutions Ltd. and have been able to run MacWrite software. We had also in- stalled MacWorks Plus (also supplied by MacSolutions) and had hoped to run Pagemaker 3.0; the earlier MacWorks would only run Page- Maker 1.2 or was it 1.5? | forget). by eet 3.0 w.as duly installed and MacWrite documents are con- verted into appropriate column widths - but the Reouing 32.aih wrong and letters .are too cl together both on the screen and when printed using our LaserWriter. The result is we cannot use our XL as planned, i.e. as a back-up for our Mac SE. Mr. Townsend has been very cooperative and has spent much time trying to help us get over our problem, but to no avail. Desmond Leighton é General Letterbox reed DByaas ceete11 Wesivesiessilhe WPaagendl Coereameae ‘Martatyeen dealer RAS SIL ane eb Dear Boffin, A variety of questions here! I am ZIP CHIP 8000 I received from Amer- ica a couple of weeks ago te when | boot up the display has vertical green bars on the apart from a small believe this is an indication of some kind of hardware error. Is this true? With the Zip Chip configuration Ee the ProDOS side has never , and when running the System check on the DOS side it fails to get past check number 5. This is the same when the Zip Chip fs runat slow speed. Does this definitely imply that the Zip Chip tsat fault? ped A this on two other Apple IIs with ‘odd’ screen nispleye: In case of incompati- bility I have the following cards in my other slots:- Slot 1 - Epson printer card Slot 2 - Mastercard Serial Card run- ning Nightingale Modem Slot 4 - Cirtech Ram Card Slot 5 - Disk II drive controller card Slot 6 - Disk II drive controller card Slot 7 - Ice Hard Disk Controller card. When I do an Solid-Apple Control Reset it goes through a diagnostic and produces the message Kernel OK. What does this mean? it does this test, or not test? Is it just the CPU or everything that is OK? Do all versions of ProDOS look for a certain file type to boot when loading ie a System? Or does it need a file called Basic.System to run? My reason for asking this question is as follows. To get AppleWorks 2 running on my Ice! first had to create two ProDOS volumes and setup a User. The formatting software allows you to copy a floppy into the volume ut it of worked if I previously copied on ProDOS filer and after- wards booted the hard disk, loaded the File Basic.System from floppy and experiencing some difficulty with a saved iton the hard disk and then ran (7 >) OLELELLELLLLe LL ee EL ee LL eELL Hig Sage Tet dy ge ( 2 >>>>> TABBS TOP MENU <<<<< Ml WME A AE A tA Apple2000 Wii Went iid ied edd Bulletin <#>Endeall <.>Utilities WM <;>Time <G>oodbye 7/111 The Apple Bulletin Board System Board <1> Apple ][ folder Speeds: V21(300) to V22bis(2400) 8N1 24 hours System <2> Apple IIgs folder <3> Macintosh folder eI Apptenco0 Ea O The TABBS message system is more than justa Bulletin Board. Witha shopping | £22 Developers folder mall where you can browse the Apple2000 catalogues and order the goods you | “©” PY?24¢ areas require; a library containing over 1700 files for the Apple II, Ilgs and Macintosh; <D>ownload Libraries news files update twice weekly bringing you the latest in world computer news and <iailbox of course NewsBytes™ ; a private and public E-mail service; file transfers that can Steews Columns x be enclosed in private or public mail; message areas covering many topics includ- ptosis Lone Aooaergr ing the Apple II, the IIgs and Macintosh; Xmodem, 1k Xmodem and Ymodem file phot’ s dae ‘on TABBS transfers; multi-speed access at all common speeds; 24 hour operation; and much, <HDelp files for TABBS much more make TABBS the premier Apple Bulletin Board serving Europe. Ne JS Give TABBS a call today. Ring TABBS on @ii2Sty 742997 at any speed through V21, V22, V23 to V22bis 8N1 TABBS Is available 24 hours a day s y 4 2 i= Apple2000 April 1990 the Filer program to load all the AppleWorks files. I then found that Py pening. the file Aplworks.system to Basic.System it boot without first having to go into the ProDOS Filer, Quit out of it and then enter Aplworks.system which then ran AppleWorks. My next question concerns mo- dems and communications. (1 have the Pace Nightingale mo- dem and Data running from Mastercard). Being a com- plete and utter novice in this area, have you any article(s) on how to use a mi and what bulletin boards are available? I have reached the stage of setting up the modem and running the self: test which which echoes the characters on screen and the power data led flickers green/ red. Presumably I can access TABBS by dialling, but I don't want to waste masses of time or restrict other peoples use! Again, asa compliers beginner, what ‘tests’ can I do to experiment? This WILL be of interest to ICE HARD DISK owners/users - I have a version of an Ice House- keeper disk (version 4.1) that has software enabling an Ice Hard Disk to run Pro! 1.0.1, CP/M, DOS and Pascal. I have also suc- cessfully man: to load and run (after a bit of a fiddle as described above) _ AppleWorks 2.0. If you use a Crees Ram Card pnd Have pate! uur versions of Apple- Works and Pascal prior to loading on the Ice Hard Disk enables it to recognise the Ram Card. I sug- gest if anyone is interested you print my address in full and that they contact me directly. T again for an informa- O You have the latest version of the Zip chip. and we have not as yet tested it ourselves. It does aie as Bian are not work- roperly. you have had pid lar results on atten Apple II's then it sounds serious. The way to check if it is the cards that are canning the problems, is to re- move all the cards and try with a bare machine. The Ice controller card uses DMA toaccess memory and has been known to interfere with other cards in other slots at times. Have you tried running the machine without this card? The disk sounds faulty as well ifit will not boot on both sides. ProDOS looks for the first file in the top directory of filet $FF and with the name si -SYS- TEM this of course can be BASIC.SYSTEM or an applica- ton program. ProDOS is itself a SYSTEM program, but it will be loaded wherever it is in the top direc- tory. This of course is for a normal Pro- DOS BOOT volume. In the case of Ice drive, it may well be setup to lool for a specific rogram. rather than just the SYSTEM This would explain why ou had to rename AppleWorks to BASIC.SYSTEM. The Ice is typical of a non-standard hard disk drive and fol- lows its own conventions as to how it stores and runs so! . There have been a few articles on communications and using modems in past issues. Unfortunately we are not able to supply old copies of the zine. One day if we all can find the time. we shall doa reprint of various ‘threads’ from past magazines. Do not worry that you are a beginner when you give TAB! call. You will not EE SS aS ee eT Le will throw you off after thrity minutes anyway if you stay on too long! you need to do is take it all slowly and remember exactly the password that you you enter when you sign on. You will need to use that one the next time you call. TABBS is sensitive to upper and lower case letters, so the password must be the same each time. There are no tests really that you can make other than dialling up a system like TABBS. We all have to learn the hard way so do not be worried about taking the plunge. You will find many friends when you call. If you check the popular computer magazines such as Computer Shopper, you will find lists of the many Bulletin. Boards around the country. TABBS and our friends at MacTel are the only two - doanyharm tothesystem.Justremem- devoted solely to the Apple. berweallhadtostartsometime. TABBS The Boffin ¢ New Software New Kit ; The Caped Crusader £29.95 | | 5/8 Adaptor (MGA) "£9.95 Batman For 8.25" 128K //s, by OcoaryData East Ancient Land of Ys a “£34.95 ‘Action adventure for 512K GS Arkanoid Ii (Taito) £24.95 iho sophisticated "brickout” type arcade: meen Crystal Quest (Casady & Green) *£34.95 Famous Mac game now converied for 812K GS Graph-lt! (TimeWorks) *£69.95 Professional level WYSIWYG business graphing system for 128K //@0GS. Uses AppleWorks, 0B Master, AppieWriter, or ASCH files, Export graphs & charts to Publish-It!, Dazzie Draw & MousePaint etc. Double-strike, sideways, & colour printing options. Prints on LaserWriter using Publish-It! 2 or Publish-It! w/Laser Pack, pepe v2.6 (MainFrame) "£4.50 $29.95 Shareware IGS launcher - the best - knocks the: stocks off Finder - got 5-Apples highest accolade from Nibble magazine March'90. RepairWorks (Q Labs) “£39.95 Examines AppleWorks files & surgically removes offending robles, reducing o eliminating the need to recteate your wor SuperPatch v6.1 (Q Labs) "£39.95 Installs over 100 patches on AppleWorks v3, and over 150 on AW v2/2.1 Where in time is Carmen SanDiego? t29.95 CrossWorks v2.0 (SoftSpoken) *£99.95 New price, and new features like full IBM-PC MicroSoft Works compantiy, and abiity to tranater ProOOS text lon to MS-DOS ASCII file, AWP to 1BM ASCII suitable for just ‘about any PC WP program, ADB to IBM delimited ASCII ‘database for just about any PC DBMS, etc, - ask for details EasyDrive (Q Labs) *£69.95 This excellent hard disk manager/backup system just Dacame GS/OS System § compatible ReadyLink (Applied Eng) *£99,00 Mac-like comms software tor //c, //eE, & IGS supporting Hayes, VT-100, XMODEM/CAC/YMODEM Copy II Plus v9 (Central Point) *£39.95 New parms, new main screen, not-key or mouse selections, builtin program launcher lets you busld a menu system 10 ‘tun your favourites from within Gilt, (usable as a hard disk ‘management system). Now requires 128K, #0 |[+ users ‘Ould stick to V8.4 oF below. Upgrades available on art-axchange basis, jus! send complete package wi210.95. allows /Ic users to use standard IIGS/Mac mini &-pin cables 0 peripherals Transwarp II (Applied Eng) *£169.00 Naw accelerator board tor j{+ or /J@ running at over TMH2 Zip Chip model 8000 (. "£199.00 Fura so, for Irs focus NOW WSTOCK CS-600 Joystick (Contriver) “£29.95 oating modes, 16:pln or IBM-PC 0-18, Fonlichable 1BM-Apple). (CS-800 Joystick (new model) “£24.95 As above, but platinum in colour, w/brown stick, different design. Previously: this joystick was dual-mode, but is now ‘supplied only as seit-centering. MaxiPrint £49.95 ‘The budget alternative to our hugely successtul electric Macinker, MaxiPrint is truly universal, Sed eeetle mk: ‘any ribbons you, your trlends, or achool, oF business have, you just have to do the work yourself, es MaxiPrint is @ manual device. More New Software Jam Session (Broderbund) £39.95 Thi 16-voice sound, colour, stereo music program now ‘converted tor 768K lIGS trom the original Mac version, ORCAYC (Byteworks) “21 501 00 At last, a true lIGS C from the people who wrote APW. Downhill Challenge (Broderbund) *029,95 ‘Siaiom, giant slalom. ski-jump. and downhill racing for IGS Battle Chess (interplay) *£39.95 ‘Colourtut animated chess in which the pieces actually fight ‘with each other according 10 the laws of chess, for IGS. 2088: The Crylian pepe "£39.95 ‘The most expensive Apple Il game yet? This 4x800K 11GS gume sais ior $80.08 Space carartre ral playing super Brea graphics gume incorporating the complete NGS eskiop interface & System 5. Xenocide (Micro Revelations) "£34.95 ‘Amanterpiece arcade tfering, combines te fastest and ‘graphics and stereo Sowa w oapnromne Vox sosanee of roans geomg ‘Dasigned to take advantage ot the awesome power of the IGS. Adventure-packad Xenocide is a must for all Apple: UGS owners, Requires 512K MGA SoftCat (0797) 226601 41 Cinque Ports St., Rye, E.Sussex TN31 7AD All prices include VAT, & *-prices also include UK p&p. E.& .E. April 1990 Apple2000 CompuServe/Foum We bring you a FREE introductory membership offer from the worlds largest personal information service Why should I join CompuServe/ Forum? If you have a modem, enjoy calling T or other Bulletin Boards, have a thirst for knowledge, wish to talk to the people who act make and market Apple periph , download the latest Public Domain and Share- Ware software, talk to other users, find out what is going on in the global Apple community or just see what the weather will be like at Southfork this coming weekend, then Compus- erve/Forum, is the place for you. CompuServe/Forum is the world’s largest personal information service. It both specialist and general interest areas ranging from as far apart as a Scuba diving Forum to a Sci-Fi/Fan' Forum. This is all in addition to the EasyPlex Interna- tional service and the MAUG Forum (Micronetworked Apple User Group). MAUG is where I am sure you will be heading as fast as you can. MAUG MAUG now consists of eleven sepa- rate forums each specialising in some aspect of the Macintosh or the Apple Il. In the sample online session shown on the opposite page you will see the various forums and yee avail- able. This is not a complete list. but only the small sample that we could e to fit on to the page! Each Forum has a range of options, from download libraries toa message system. It Is here in the m system that you have the key to oe ing to the world of Apple computing. Anyone can join in the message threads and take part in discussion and online conferences. There are news areas where the latest information on the Forum and the libraries, is posted. Check this area every time you log on so you do not miss the latest happenings. How do I Join? To start up a membership of Com- puServe/Forum would normally cost you a joining fee of £29.95. Apple2000 has arranged a very special deal with CompuServe/Fo- rum whereby this joining fee is waived and you are able to start up your online account totally FREE. To join, all you need do is to phone CompuServe/Forum on 0800 289 378, or write to: Andrew Gray CompuServe/Forum, FREEPOST PO Box 676 Bristol BS99 1NZ You must quote your Apple2000 membership number to avail yourself of this special offer, CompuServe/ Forum reserve the right to confirm with us that your membership of Apple2000 is valid. You will be sent a starter pack which includes a Temporary User ID Number and a Temporary Password. The starter pack includes $15 worth of FREE online time! The starter pack tells you all you need to know on how to join CompuServe/Forum online. Once you have got your starter pack, get your modem, credit card (all major cards are supported) and a pen and paper handy, and call up Istel and the CompuServe/Forum. Fol- low the on screen directions, noting all the ID Numbers and Passwords you are given. Take your time at this, you are not be! while you join up. and you do not want to make any mistakes! It is wise also to have your capture buffer open so you can print out all the information that CompuServe/Forum will give you. If you miss the Help instructions you can always take a look again iter. While you access the CompuS- erve/Forum Help files and system areas you are not charged for your on line time. How much isit all going to cost me? For most places within the UK you will be able to dial a local call to access the Istel network. It is through this network that you will access Com- puServe/Forum. A list of access gee was given in the March Apple lices and is also given in the starter ck you will receive. The cost of the al phone call must be paid to BT directly. From there on you will be charged at the standard rate of $22 an hour. This is made up of two charges, a $12.50 online charge to CompuS- erve/Forum and a $9.50 connect charge through the Istel network. In addition you will be charged $1.50 a month standing charge to keep your account open. Your credit card will be billed each month at the current dol- lar/pound conversion rate. There is no ‘volume' charge and the $22 rate applies 24 hours a day. It will therefore only cost you the extra cost of a peak rate telephone call to give CompuServe/Forum a check over every morning! Anything else I should know? You may call Istel at any speed from 300 to 2400 baud. If your modem can handle MNP correction then this will automatically be switched on as well. Note: The starter pack says you should have your computer set toa word format of 7 bit Even parity. Ifyou are bey Sea old computer then this is probably correct, however for all Apple computers you should in fact set your word format to 8 bit No parity. If you are set to 7 bits you will not be able to do protocol down- loads as the data have the 7th bit stripped and lose its integrity. Should I still be on The FORCE? Yes, you should stay on the FORCE. CompuServe/Forum although it of- fers Telex and the sending of Fax, at present routes all these ugh the States. It is far too expensive to send them this way to the UK. CompuServe/Forum is a different kind of database to Telecom Gold. It is more like a d- and enormous than a standard E- Mail system like The FORCE. Once Sa are online Send Apple2000 a postcard with your User ID number. We shall then publish a list of names and numbers so other members will know how to contact you through your ID online. Your password is your security, change it often, and always change it if you think someone may have seen you type it in. If you use macros in your communications program, sure you do not leave these files around on disk for others to see. If you download any software, and you do not see the software appear on ‘TABBS or the libraries in the normal course of events, please share it with us all and either upload to TABBS or send it in to the library on a disk. Sample Session On the next page we have printed a sample session on CompuServe/Fo- rum. This runs through the MAUG range of Forums available to the Apple community. Join up soon, have fun, and see you all soon online! « 0800-289-378 6 BE eo we Apple2000 April 1990 CONNECT ISTEL COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK (N4000P16) ENTER SELECTION OR ‘“MENU" cis CALL CONNECTED (N4000P16) User ID: 99999,999 Password: **e*e-seeeee CompuServe Information Service 03:40 EST 16-Mar-90 (Executive Option) Last access: 16:58 10-Mar-90 Copyright (c) 1990 CompuServe Incorporated All Rights Reserved What's New This Week Copyright Awareness Information 2 Save on CompuServe Merchandise during Spring Sale 3 CB Simulator Celebrates 10-Year Anniversary 4 NASA Now Provides News Releases Online 5 Shop Free of Connect-Time Fees at The Mall 6 Last Chance to Sign Up for Fantasy Baseball 7 Fox Software Opens New Support Forum 8 Macintosh Forum Features Cliff Johnson 9 Save $5 with IQuest General Reference SmartSCAN (Above Articles are Free) 10 Online Today 11 Forum Conference Schedules 15 TENpointO/Activis'n 16 Aapps Inc. Enter choice ! GO APVENB Apple Vendor B Forum 1 Forum Business 2 GCC Technologies 3 Alt 4 Jasik Designs 6 Olduvai Corp. 7 Software Ventures 8 STAX! 9 T/Maker Inc. 14 Radius Inc. 15 Deneba Software 16 SuperMac Technology Enter choice ! GO MACNEW Visitor's Announcement Welcome to the Macintosh Community and New Users" Forum! This is the place to continue discussions that don't “fit” into other areas as well as to keep up on the rest of the Forums. And, it is the best place for new users to start off as well as a worthwhile area for the old pro. Please read the membership information announcement for more details and we hope that you will join us. Enter choice ! GO APPLETWO Enter choice | GO MAC MACINTOSH APPLE Il AND II 1 Art and Design Forum 1 Entertainment Forum 2 Communications Forum 2 Productivity Forum 3 Community /New Users Forum 3 Vendor Forum A 4 Developers Forum 4 Vendor Forum B 5 Entertainment Forum Enter choice ! GO APPFUN 6 Forum 7 Productivity Forum le Entertainment Forum 8 File Finder 1 IGS Games 9 Vendor Forum A 2 Apple Il Games 10 Vendor Forum B 3 Game Aids/AddOns Enter choice number ! GO MACPROD 4 Education (Home) 5 Education (School) Mac Productivity Forum 6 Zounds! Sounds! 1 Forum Bus./General 7 The Music Box 2 Word Processing 8 Music and MIDI 3 Databases 9 Art /Tools 4 Spreadsheets/Models 10 Illustrations 5 Accounting/Finance 11 HyperStudio 6 DAs/FKEYs/INITs 12 Past Hot Topics 7 Utilities 13 R-Rated Art 8 Using System/Finder 14 Forum Business 9 Mac item H'ware Enter choice ! GO APPRODUCT 10 Disks/Storage 11 Other Hardware Apple Ill Productiivty Forum 12 Past Hot Topics 1 AppleWorks (AW) 13 Macs 2 AW AddOns 14 intosh II Apps 3 AppleWorks GS Enter choice ! GO APVENA 4N.A.U.G. (AW) 5 Hardware Apple Vendor A Forum 6 Developer Software 1 Forum Business 7 Utilities ()[-//) 3 Applied Engineering 8 Utilities (IGS) 4 CE Software 9 Desktop Pub/Fonts 5 DeltaPoint 10 IIGS DAs/INITs 6 Ist Class Periphris 11 IIGS Software 7 Mainstay 12 Apple II Software 8 Stone Tech. 13 Apple /// 9 Survivor Software 14 Telecommunications 10 TOPs 15 Applefest Plans 11 Fifth Generation 16 Forum Business 12 Broderbund Enter choice ! 13 Beagle Bros. 14 Claris CALL DISCONNECTED (N4000P16) é April 1990 Apple2000 @&eeg 7 Hardcore Pips Cliff Wooton in July 1983 had a look at the inner workings of the Apple disk media - Unchanged fo this day! A JOURNEY TO THE CENTRE OF THE DISK All serious users of Apple comput- ers must be aware how much the system relies on its Disk Drives. The same is true of any comparable sys- tem. Apple however, have chosen to set up their own standards of infor- mation eh roe Hoppy disks, This article will look into the stan- dards themselves, and describe the way that the information is trans- ferred to and from the disk, with par- ticular emphasis on the differences between 13 and 16 sector Apple en- coded disks. In the Information was sent interspersed with clock pulses. This made it as as possible to recover the data, and gave a good margin for error, both in speed variation, and amplitude variation. The disk’s magnetic material is therefore magnetised as follows:- Adata “1" (ora clock pulse) is there- fore coded as a reversal of flux. On playback, this flux reversal causes a voltage pulse to be developed across the R/W head. The voltage pulse is positive for one polarity of change. and negative for the other. To recover the information, we must locate accurately the highest point of both positive and negative peaks. This is difficult to do directly, espe- clally if the disk has been shifted to another drive. The recovered ampli- tude of data will go up and down twice per revolution if there is any centering error and there usu: is some error, even on the most reliable drives. The commonest method for over- coming this difficulty is to pass the recovered data into a differentiator. Theoretically, the peaks will corre- spond to areas of zero slope, and will be differentiated as the zero crossing points of the differentiated output waveform. The differentiator output is fed toa com) tor to restore the same sha) (or the inverse) of the data fed to the disk. To restore the original data stream, 6 pee it is only necessary to generate an unidirectional pulse from every edge. Virtually all simple floppy disk sys- tems use the above approach. The rate of sending data is obvi- ously fixed at the clock pulse rate, or, to express it in terms of the disk, fixed at two flux reversals per bit, (for an “0” bit it’s only one flux reversal per bit, I know, but we've got to take the worst case of all “1"’s data). Because of physical limitations of R/W heads, the time for one flux reversal was fixed at 4ps, giving adata rate of 125,000 bits/second, (lateron, with better R/W heads, it was re- duced to 2ps - Double Density - or even - Quad Density - giving data rates of 250,000 bits per second and a staggering 500,000 bits/second). ‘The data recovery circuitry of such systems can cither use a simple monostable triggered from a clock pulse to decode the data, or a phase locked oscillator can be synchronised to the incoming data to do the same job as shown. I'll Take The High Road As we've seen, in any 8 flux reversal periods, 4 clock and 4 data pulses will be sent. Apple decided thatsending somany clock pulses was a waste of time. They decided that a monostable would be fine for Sooane ie data (instead of a phase-locked loop), and that they could find another way to si Sotncart the start of a sector of ta of lan spect missing out clock pulses, (the cate on a napey disk is stored in fixed length units of data, usually 128,258512 or 1024 bytes long - these units are recorded on distinct concentric tracks on the disk - usu: 10 to 16 units per track, the units of data are generally referred to as (SECTORS). If the first of the pulses in our 8 pulse group is a “1”, Apple reasoned, then a way exists to synchronise eve- rything (see later explanation). They now have seven pulses to Paes information, Information cannot be encoded di- rectly though. as Apple still must have pulses to trigger their mon- ostable, but we can now miss out an ofthe seven remaining pulses. provid- ing both the pulses on either side are 1s, ‘There are 34 unique codes that obey these restrictions. Hex Binary AA 10101010 AB 10101011 AE 10101110 AD 10101101 AF 10101111 BS 10110101 B6 10110110 B7 10110111 BA 10111010 BB 10111011 BD 10111101 BE 10111110 BF 10111111 DS 11010101 Dé 11010110 D7 11010111 DA 11011010 DB 11011011 pp 11011101 DE 11011110 DF 11011111 EA 11101010 EB 11101011 ED 11101101 EE 11101110 EF 11101111 FS 11101111 F6 11110110 F7 11110111 FA 11111010 FB 11111011 FD 11111101 FE 11111110 FF 11111111 Codes $AA and $D5 are the most difficult to resolve correctly, they contain the maximum number of zero's in odd and even places. Thi are not used to store data, but to synchronise the system. They cannot occur, one after the other. In any bit sequence used to store data, therefore arandom “start” signal cannot occur. How the Leading “1” Synchronises Successfully The Apple Disk 11 System can only transfer 8 bits of data at once. This is limited by the 74LS323 8 bit shift register used. During the gap between sectors, a pattern of $FF bytes is written to the disk. with a one data bit gap between bytes. On play back, clocking in of the byte only starts when a logic } is found. Therefore, if the system starts up, or gets out of synchronisation, then the nine bit pattern will move along the eight bit register, until, after the eighth byte, the system will be in byte synchronisation, with the solitary zero being read at the beginning of every byte, and ignored. During the active data periods of the sector, the 8 bit bytes are trans- mitted right behind one another, so not wasting the ninth bit period, which is only needed during the $FF synchronisation bytes. Apple2000 April 1990 Megalomania Having managed to get 5 active bits en into every 8 bits fed to the disk instead of the standard 4, Apple might have been expected to rest on their laurels. But no! The Apple Pas- cal development needed as much room as they could get. In particular, a single drive system with 13 sector Apple encoded data would have been impossible - not enough room for all the utility programs plus user pro- So Apple came up with the idea of double zeros. That is, put two zeros side by side in the seven pulses they have fo carry data in every eight bit group. There are 85 unique codes that obey these restrictions. Apple's 16 sector format, used by DOS 3.3 and Apple Pascal etc., uses 64 of these codes to encode 6 bits of data in every 8 bit group. The 16 sector format is therefore going to have reduced tolerance levels on both speed of drive setting and amplitude of signal compared to the 13 sectors format. The chances of moving a 16 sector disk from one drive to another is therefore less than the chances of moving a 13 sector disk successfully. The speed is important, as the de- coding now has to correctly identify two consecutive zeros, not one. Ifa good theoretical differentiator is used, then the amplitude margin is insufficient to get satisfactory results with the double zero. So the differen- tiator performance has to be reduced, resulting in worsened timing jitter, to ive an acceptable decoding margin. e difference in decoding margin between single and double zero sys- tems can be seen in the following measured results. fea theoretical margin for error drops ym: +/-1/3to+/-1/5(+/- 33% to+/- 20%) The amplitude is important, as the slope of the recovered data is equal to the output voltage of the differentia- tor, The slope for two consecutive zeros must be less than that for a single zero. CIiff Wooton ¢ O The Apple 5.25 drive was of course the first of a long line of Apple Disk drives. The Apple /// used the same drive repackaged in a different box, but with, a new operating system called SOS. This operating system was eventually to develop into Pro- DOS. The data was still encoded how- ever in the same way on the disk. When the Lisa was first launched, it too had a 5.25 inch disk drive fitted, though the disks were different in some respects to the standard 5.25 Apple II floppies. The majority of the Lisa machines were however fitted with the now standard 3.5 drive, though in a 400k version only. The Macintosh first Gee with this 400k drive as well. It was fé juickly superceeded by the 800) datve. This in its turn has been re- placed by a 1.4 mb SuperDrive. If you examine a Macintosh disk closely, you will see that the data is enc in the same way that Cliff describes. This has made all Apple disks unique from other computers. It is also interesting to note the reason why Apple, or rather Steve Wozniak, chose this method of encod- ing data on the disks. At the time the Apple 5.25 drive was launched, a normal disk drive bristled with elec- tronics and chips. This made them so ive that it was unrealistic to put these on to an Apple Il. Steve Wozniak simply bought the bare drives with their heads and stepper motors only. Using a simple interface with only a few chips, he was able to use the A tes of the computer to provide all the ann was normally resident in the e itself. The only drawback to this system is the processor overhead needed to read and write data to the disks. Interrupts must be switched off dur- ing disk access. This can cause prob- lems when using some communica- uons software. Ewen Wannop é PLE Il ENTHUSIASTS munity ligs Batteries ‘When your ligs loses track of time and can't tomombac your conta panel satings, it means your ‘baery is aad. Since tha gs Damar is soldered w the ‘motarboard, soma dealers actualy want you pay for NO-001 Siide-On Battery forligs $14.95 Cheap 3.5 drives For months you've been asking vs to carry Inexpensive 35 chives. Fox monihe what you've wanted spy wasritavabato in a hive we could muport Out ‘how AMF has produced an BOOK 3.5 chive thats just Iho an Apple 3.5 ata bacon of Apple's $429 Phage in figs or le Plus dik daieychain. Also works on ale wlth AMF cick contre oF on your Mactoan, ‘AM001 AMR 3.5 drive $199.00 ‘M002 AMR 25 controlier forile $59.00 Prosel 8 and 16 Procal i a isk uty package. Provat 6 works in the ProDOS & envionment, Prosel 16 (induses Prosel 8) in the GS/OS environment of the ‘Agpie ligs. indudes file and dish copy and backup ilies, program selector, scheduler, and much mr GB.001 Prose 8 $40.00 GB-02 Prove! 16 $60.00 Stack Support ‘Stacks have arved in he Appia I kingdom and woe publication about hypermedia. ts you as a val of slacks and distibuted on 3.5 disks. inches the latest information on Apple HyperStudio I the first program to take full advantage of fhe wound and graphics of he Appia gk Ie HyperCard-tne, for tose of you tamdlar with the Maciosh, ut cards can usa fhe hil coir capatittes of the ligs arct no scripting language is required. You can ‘eats stacks and act} sounds by point and dick. RW-005 Hyperstudio $129.00 ‘SCWH1 Specin Hyper Sasha Stack Conta 139.00 Network Connectors ‘These are the connectors you need to create an AppleTalk network. Not only do they cost less than ‘Appla’s connectors, these work with inexpensive twlephone wire (not supplied) rather than Apple's ‘expensive, spacial cables, You read one connector for ‘cach computer and intron the newark 05-001 Moduitet &-pie 0E002 Moduftet ple $4.95 $495 A2-Central” [No Risk Guarantee! if you arent completely satlefied with your purchase, return the merchandise in itx original package and we will refund your money In full. We back our products! Our 45-day unconditional Wh BR ow 6k 00 any product you buy from us. quarantee means you take News and solutions ‘ee yu thed of Rope Compster’sIcessant massage that only the Macintosh is a serious computer? ‘Thousands of people fhe you subscribe to our monhly Apple Il newsletter, A2-Cemtral. Ite a small, peceonalized publication concerned only with te ‘exchange of mearingi inbrmaten about Be Appi I. Lunt pages hin, each iesue is proteccionaty ypecet of the dak is Med wit programe tom aur subscribers, trom our Rorary on GEnie, tech notes, system diek pains, and ofr hot ee, Aor Asean RES Nye Bess Apple I! books ‘We cany in sock vetaly every book in print fare about he Apple Il. From Additon-Wesiey’s Apple Technical Library © Same ed 1b AppleWorks Thps and wo have thems Weis fo cu to cattog or cal and ak about te you're Intarasted in. We aiso have in stock ‘accompanying chs fox many books. Full Set Specials ‘You can got every neue of A2-Cemtral weve over ‘oblichedfve yeare worth of Apel Ips, ticks, ant tolutene tb your probleme—lor just $39. Papae back leauoe are bound and nad. Back kau on ck ae for Lister searches using wotware such at FascDeta Pro ard cuca wi 3.5 Ck wal ove 4 megabytes of ‘rformaton. FEN bndered beck seven paper. £08.00 FSD Back issve text on 3. $39.00 FD-001 FastData Pro, tor searches $49.00 |A2-Central po Box 11250, Overland Park, KS 66207 voice: 919-469-6502 item # 1 qty 1 price USA fax: 913-469-6507 (Send me your full catalog FREE! April 1990 AppleXtras OThe launch of the first AppleXtras disk did not go without a few teething problems. You will see the letter from Ron Teale in the letters page and my reply. We also had another problem re; which relates to using GS/OS 5.0 with onl drive. e second issue of Xtras may well bring a new set of problems as we have used Shrinkit for all the files on the 5.25 disk. The following notes may help resolve any prob- lems that you may have been having so far. 1, It is not intended that the AppleXtras disks should be totally ‘stand-alone’. You will need some other basic pro- gram tools as well. At the moment all that is needed is some kind of file copy programs such as the Filer from the ProDOS master disk, or Gopy Il+. Both these programs will allow you to copy files and rename them where necessary. 2. You will need a copy of ProDOS to place on any boot disks ak make, or in the case of the IIgs. GS/OS version 5.0 or later. 3. You will also need to know where to put the files in order to make them work. In most cases this should be evident from the printed notes. If in doubt use the following guidelines: The ProDOS 8 5.25 inch disk Q SYSTEM files must be the first SYSTEM file in the directory of the disk. The disk must have a copy of ProDOS. 8. When you boot this disk (ProDOS 8 is simply standard ProDOS. The ‘8’ is used to distinguish from Pro! 16 for the IIgs) the SYSTEM file will be run. Files with filetype SYS are SYSTEM files. If the filename does not end with .SYSTEM you must rename it so it does. The Shrinkit files on the first Xtras disk should be renamed in this way in order to run them from ProDOS. It is not always necessary to rename them if you are launching them from a program selector. O DOC files should be read using List.System, a word processor or AppleWorks. OQ BAS files should be launched from Basic. If the file is renamed to STARTUP, it will be run automatically as Basic is started. O BIN files in some cases can be BRUN from the Basic prompt. If the files appear in a wos ty, with another proj file, they will probably be simply a data file related to it package. Q AWP, ADP and ASP files should all be loaded into AppleWorks for viewing. The Iigs 3.5 disk OGS files may be of many different filetypes, there are in fact 256 to choose from! You should wherever possible copy these files using the Finder from System 5.0 (or greater) as new programs are now beginning to appear with Macintosh like resource forks. No other copy program can cope with these kind of files without losing the resource fork. Q See the above notes for details of what to do with ProDOS 8 filetypes. ONDA and CDA files ($88 and $B9) should be placed in Reon Desk Accessories folder and the item rebooted. ‘s will appear on the Apple menu and CDA's on the OA- Ctrl-Reset Control Panel. QS16 ($B93) files are application programs and should be run from GS/OS, either use the Finder or a program selector like ProSel 16. QPIC files ($CO and $C1) should be viewed with a paint program such as PaintWorks Gold, or one of the picture view NDA's. They can of course be re-painted if you load them into a paint program. QICON files ($CA) should go in the ICONS folder. These are the major filetypes that you will encounter on the disks. In order to make an S16 program auto-boot, it should be placed into the SYSTEM folder ofa desk that has System 5.0 installed. Name the program START and it will be run automatically on boot. The existing file called START on a freshly installed copy of the System will be the FINDER. If you rename that to FINDER you can run it later ifyou wish-You may however wish to remove it all together to make more disk space. Single Drive Problem A problem was reported by a member who only has a sine disk drive on his IIgs. He tried to run the card games from the GS 1 atest No. 1, He launched System 5.0 to the Finder and ejected the disk. Inserting the Xtras disk he selected one of the games. After some disk access he was asked for the System disk once more. With this inserted, loading continued and the started up. However, whether it is a bug in GS/OS or a bug in-the program, the card shapes were not loaded and the screen was garbaged. Running on two drives solves this problem, using a RAM disk or copying the games to the actual System 5.0 boot disk would also have cured the problem. AppleXtras No. 2 The second issue of AppleXtras includes a large amount of ‘shrunk’ ms. You should use either Shrinklt for the //e or the Ii Plus Shrinkit from the 5.25 Xtras disk to extract these files. Shrinkltis casy to use and full instructions are given with the //e version. The Il Plus Shrinkit is a cut down version with only a few commands. You should make sure you have sufficient aidespece to extract the files to. Remember that the file sizes be enlarged considerably! If you have a second disk drive it is wise to start with a b! drive and extract to that disk. Any subdirectories needed by the program will be created as needed during the extraction process. In some cases you will find that Shrinklt extracts as a complete disk. To use the II Plus version of ShrinklIt, you should prepare a disk with a copy of ProDOS and the IIPlus.UnShrink program. Rename this file to SHRINKIT.SYSTEM and boot this disk. When you see the menu, remove the disk and put in the /XTRAS.P8.NO.2/ disk. Select 'U' for unpacking. Shrinkit will now check what is in the various drives and show you a menu. Use the arrow keys and the return key to select from the menu. ‘Parent Directory’ will switch drives, ‘Current Directory’ works on the current level. Selecting a directory will move you one further down and ‘Parent Directory’ will bring you back up. Select the source file and use the space bar to select all the packed files within the shrunk original. Press return to start the extraction process. Select the target blank disk with ‘Parent Directory’, and the ‘Current Directory’ of that disk. Stand back, Shrinkit will beep you when done. ¢ disk in this 10 @2gs Apple2000 April 1990 AppleXtras 5.25 ProDOS disk for the IIgs, //e and //c All the files on this disk are shrunk with Shrinkit. LIST.SHK List.System - This is a most useful display tool. List.System will display any kind of file, and will attempt to display as text if it can, and displays AppleWorks text files correctly. It can also be used to print a file as well. List.Descr - Details of how to use List.System APTZAP.SHK AptZap.s: - A ProDOS Tool to zap or edit disk blocks or files. It also has comprehensive file utilities and a built in Help system. DIR.READER.SHK Dir.Reader - Gives a detailed Catalog in a routine that you can use within Basic programs. SHPLD.SHK Shpld.System - View Super High Res (IIgs) pictures on a normal double hires display. AWSFIX.SHK Patcher.System - From Beagle Bros., version 1.4 of their patches for bugs in AppleWorks 3.0. STAR.TREK.SHK Star.Trek.Super - A classic game of StarTrek in Basic. VIRUS.SCAN.SHK Virus.Scan - Apple II virus scanner by Tom Weishaar. AppleXtras 3.5 ProDOS disk for the IIgs Programs Folder Sound - NOIZE.SHK Noize - ven unalintak end zm. ite program will p! the sound files resident within the same folder. It comes complete with some sample files. DA's - CDATERM.F CDATermSSC - A terminal program for the SSC in a CDA. Source code is included. DA's - ALARM Alarm.CDA - Installs a handy alarm system to remind you of all those things you ought to have done! DA's Piha Chrono; ~ Gives an elapsed time counter. Usefil for your telephone calls! DA's - CALCULATOR Calculator - Scientific calculator NDA DA's - RULER.NDA Ruler - A moveable ruler that you can use to measure inches on screen. DA's - CRAYON16320 Crayon - Changes the screen palettes for both the 320 and 640 modes as you watch, Useful to allow awkward picture files to be displayed correctly. DA's - MR.APPLE.NDA Mr Apple - Cycles the colours in the Apple menu icon. DA's - Calendar Calendar - NDA which opens to display the current month and show you any year or month. DA's - PALETTE.F Palette Puller - Displays all the palettes being used by the current program. DA's - DATES.DA Dates - An NDA to remind you of forthcoming events. DA's - DOODLE.PAD.NDA Doodle Pad - Bored with writing letters, just pull this down and have a doodle! DA's - TWO.APPLES.V1.2 Two Apples - A mystery NDA this one..... DA's - RINKY.F Rinky Saver - A screen saver that displays the Rinky worm in colour. Games - MAZE.CREATOR Maze Creator - Creates mazes to order and prints them out for you on your printer. Games - QUAD.SHK Quadronome - When unshrunk this makes a superb fast and furious game of three dimensional paddle ball. One or two players. Games - MSTRMIND.SYS16 Mastermind - A demonstration game of Mastermind written in GS Forth. Games - ZANY.BOOT.ETC Zany.Finder - Boot files and instructions to allow Zany Golf, Bard's Tale and Neuromancer to be run from the hard disk. Games - COLORTONE Colortone - Draws interference patterns as it plays musical notes. Utilities - TEXTDSPY TextDSpy - Text file reader program. Utilities - CALIBRATOR Calibrator - Joystick calibration. Utilities - Ween ; UtilityWorks - Configurable program launcher. 300 files from 30 programs to launch easily from ten menus. Read the Doc file first. ProDOS.Tools Folder Tools - LIFEGUARD Lifeguard - File recovery utility, tries to recover not only deleted files but damaged ones as well. Tools - AUXSET AuxSet - Modifies the Auxiliary type of a file. Some files ues this byte for daia purposes. Tools- DEVLIST DevList - Displays the characteristics of all devices found online: « April 1990 Apple2000 Sen A Poke of Apples Alan Remu gives us the Complete Guide to the APPLE Il Computer Different Models - Apple Types At present, there are five types of Apple Il Computers. The characteris- tics of each type are listed below. 1, APPLE II. Introduced In 1977. This model had a memory of 48k. It did not have the upper 16k RAM, named Language Card. It came with an upper-case, Capital Letters only, keyboard. It was supplied with Inte- er Basic and Applesoft was cither ded from a cassette, disk or via a ROM card fitted in slot 0. There were many internal elec- tronic changes made. These Revi- sions were listed on the motherboard by the letters 820-0001-xx, where xx was the revision. These changes did not effect the memory or its basic operation and do not concern us. 2. APPLE Il Plus, known here in Europe as the “Europlus”. This too had a total memory of 48k, an upper- case k but was supplied with a ROM resident Applesoft, instead of Integer Basic. If required, Integer Basic could be loaded or installed via a card. 3. APPLE Ile. Introduced in 1983. With the arrival of Pascal language and the demand for more memory, the Ile arrived at the scene, It has an upper memory of 16k already installed. Thus making it a true 64k. It also has the capabilities of Lower-case and is supplied with Applesoft, just as the Il+, already installed. er Basic, if required, is again loadable. It has a more sophisticated keyboard, with added keys. It has a new Auxiliary slot added on the motherboard for installation of an 80-column text display, with or without another extra 64k memory called an AUX.MEMORY It has an enhanced MONITOR ROM chip so that it can display this 80- column text as if a card was plugged into slot 3. When first introduced, it was the height of sophistication. A new chip, the MMU, brought the capabilities of expanding the Computer's memoi even further. 80 column cards, with an AUX. MEMORY of another 64k could be accessed via a parallel data bus. The keyboard was added on to. With keys up-arrow, down-arrow, open-apple, solid-apple, tab and de- lete made the Ile look and act smarter. Bank Switched Memory. The Ile brought the concept of switching one memory with another. Since the the microprocessor (6502) used in the Apple can only access a total of 64k, and there was 4k extra in the upper 16k bank, an ingenious method of switching the smaller 2k banks was utilised by the Ile. Furthermore, the 12k ROM memory itself was switched in and out with the 16k RAM that was installed. This was achieved by the use of softswitches inside the Ile. By addressing these softswitches, ROM read or RAM read/write could be enabled. All in all, the Ile set new standards in the Apple Computer. 4. APPLE Ic. Introduced in Mid- 1984. It includes all the features of the Ile together with a built in 64k Auxiliary Memory and a 16k ROM. This gave it an addressable mem- oy of 128k. thas built in features of several cards that needed slotting in on the Ile. The serial printer card of slot 1. 80-column card which occupied ‘pseudo’ slot 3. Disk interface card of slot 6, together with a built-in 5.25" disk drive. Plus mouse and mo- dem facilities. Hence, there are no actual slots inside the IIc. All these features are ‘wired’ in. These are referred to as ‘SMARTPORTS*. It has an updated version of the 6502 MPU, known as the more power- ful 65C02. It comes In a new ‘compact* transportable case, with a matching mini-sized Monitor. This model became very popular with high-powered executives, busi- nessmen and ladies with a penchant for new technology. Together with it’s high resolution small but very attrac- tive Monitor, stand and sleek looks, it added an air. of absolute compactness.It was in a sense the first of those ‘Laptops’ that the com- puter world was showing a frenzy about. It stillis, in my opinion the best designed, compact and sleck unit ever to grace one’s desk, and with the immense proliferation of Apple pro- grams, a very powerful tool to own and use, 5. APPLE Ilgs. Introduced in Late- 1986 is a completely redesigned computer, with 4 Banks of 64k each, gives a total accessible memory of 256k. It combines all the features of the Ile, the IIc plus many more. These are too many to list here and will bea later subject. It is capable of ‘imitating’ the Il series. This is referred to as running in ‘Emulation’ mode. Hence all pro- written for the II series can be run on the Ilgs. The Ilgs, with its accessible memory expandable to a total of 16k bytes, it's Hi-Resolution Graphics, it's superb sound reproduction qualities, it’s faster speed and many more features, has become the ‘jewel’ in the Apple II's crown. It is very popular with com- puter enthusiast’s, game fanatics, medium sized businesses, schools, colleges and pro; mers. Com- merce and Industries, larger corpora- tions Banking and Insurance have opted out for it's cousin the APPLE MACINTOSH or the IBM types. Never- theless, the IIgs, en and will keep on enjoying a vast following of dedi- cated Apple II lovers both here in Europe and the Americas. Almost all of the 4 million of Apple IIgs users will swear to you, with their hands on their heart, that there is no com- puter, invented so far, that could touch it. I, for myself am one of these. Once you have used the Ilgs, once you have been ‘bitten’ by the GS bug, there is no greater leasure than looking at that screen, punching those almost life- like keys, that seem to play a tune in the very recesses of your mind and soul. Take my advice, try out one for yourself. ENHANCED MODELS of the APPLE Il series. Apple I & I Plus ere were various revisions in the motherboards of these models. Al- most all were electronic enhance- ments and did not alter the program executions or displays. Apple Corpo- ration did not produce any noticeable 2 ae Apple2000 April 1990 ‘add ons’. Various other companies produced a plethora of add ons, such as Lower-case letters, faster program opera- tions, more disk drives accessed than the conventional two, add on memories and ready pro; ied ROM cards or plug ins. None that made a significant difference to the actual basic architecture of the computer. Apple Ie. In 1984 a significant enhancement was offered to Ile owners. ‘Apple Ile Enhancement Kit’ ES the Ie compatibility with the IIc. Software with pull-down menus, pictorial rep- resentations, known as mouse characters. smoother graphics, and the ability to carry on working on a docu- ment while the printer was printing another, were some of the added-on features on the Ile, as a result of this enhancement. S| too was improved. There was a more improved Mini-Assembler, pro; lines could be typed in upper or lower-case, so if you forgot to press CAPS LOCK you would not end up with a SYNTAX ERROR me: e Upon powering up, the Enhanced version should display ple Ile instead of Apple ] [. The Enhancement entailed changing the Microproces- sor, the three ROM chips: Microprocessor 6502 to 65C02 370-6502 to 338-6503 Character Generator ROM 342-0133 to 342-0265 Monitor ROM (EF) 342-0134 to 342-0303 Monitor ROM (CD) 342-0135 to 342-0304 Of course this was all right if your Ile pesgitated in the good old USA but the numbers did not tally with those manufactured here in Europe. This led to a great deal of confusion, specially when enhanced ROMs appeared from other sources than Apple itself. This confusion was mainly on the European Char. acter Generator ROM. So here is the United Kingdom lineup: Microprocessor 6502 to 65C02 370-6502 to (Any type) 65C02 Character Generator ROM 341-0160-A to 341-0273-A Monitor ROM (EF) 341-0134 to 342-0303 Monitor ROM (CD) 341-0135 to 342-0304 The UK motherboard is laid out much differently than the US ype. One has to be careful in changing the ROMS. At least they are marked clearly. The Character Generator ROM is marked VIDEO ROM and lies next to the EF ROM separated by the LS374 IC. All three original ROMS carry the prefix 341 and not 342 as suggested in the manual. Two of the new ROMS will show this 342 but the VIDEO ROM for UK enhanced Ile will show 341-0273-A. Apple Ic There were no DIY enhancements on this model, but instead, Apple released two further newer and improved versions of the IIc. * a Improved version, capable of running the 3.5" Uni- isk. Launched in spring of 1986, carried a ROM of 32k (double the size) and a Protocol Converter which sup- ported mass storage devices.The Protocol Converter was configured as a Smartport. similar to the IIgs, so that a COMPUTER DOWN! * FAST TURNROUND - NORMALLY 2 DAYS * 3 MONTH WARRANTY * COMPETITIVE PRICES ON ALL SERVICES * TRADE ENQUIRIES WELCOME * Most makes of COMPUTER, MONITOR, PRINTER EXAMPLES au wewserrices APPLE][ + OR //e Power Supply £32 APPLE][ + OR //e Motherboard £32 Apple Interface Card (most makes) £25 Disk Drive - cleaned & aligned £25 Please for other repair prices or send equipment for free estimate Quantity Discounts available SUPERCHARGE YOUR MACINTOSH AVAILABLE NOW ! 1MB SIMM'S - EASY TO INSTALL Take your Mac+/SE to 2.5MB or even 4MB Take your Mac II to 5MB or even 8MB WE WILL NOT BE BEATEN ON PRICE TRADE ENQUIRIES WELCOME NOW IN STOCK MacPlus Connectors, Serial & AppleTalk Price depends on quantity COMTEC UNIT G, SUNDERLAND HOUSE SUNDERLAND STREET MACCLESFIELD, CHESHIRE. SK11 6JF TEL (0625) 34691 motherboard; a memory extension internal connector, supporting an Apple's own 1 Meg RAM card or AE's Z-RAM Ultra. The Apple Card is accessed as a RAM Disk and not as an extension of the IIc’s main memory, and hence has to be formatted first. You can only exceed the 128k ceiling with the Z-RAM Ultra, MultiRAM CX or a C'CARD from other than Apple. 3. A revision of the above. 4. llc Plus. Released in November ’88, with 128k mem- ory, which can be expanded. An internal 3.5" disk drive, a 4 megahertz 65C02 processor, making it faster than the IIgs, a serial printer port, mouse/joystick, modem, an RGB monitor output and an internal power supply, made this a very desirable unit indeed. This then is the full tour of the Apple II series of computers. At the time of writing this. there is news that Apple is about to release anew oer at version of the ligs. Details of this are scanty but suffice it to say that Apple lovers all over the world will not be disappointed. Identifying Models. To identify which type of machine you have, power up. enter the monitor and examine the memory location at $FBBF and compare with table below. daisy-chain conf, tion was made possible under Pro- Apple II $2F DOS. This meant that ifa Hard disk anda UniDisk were Apple Il Plus SEA connected, one could still use the 5.25" floppy. as long as Apple Ie $Cl it was the furthest device in the chain. It has 4 newserial- | Apple Ile enhanced $00 port commands, two new system monitor commands, a Apple lic SFF mini-assembler, an improved interrupt handler, built-in Apple Ile 3.5 ROM $00 diagnostics and new external drive startup procedures. Apple Ile Mem.Exp. $03 2. Amemory expansion version. Launched in September Apple IIc Mem.Exp.Rev $04 ‘86 with a platinum keyboard. Internally, the 16 8k chips, Apple IIc Plus $05 which made up the Main and Auxiliary RAM, were re- placed by 432k RAM chipsalong the right-hand side ofthe Alan Remu ¢ April 1990 Apple2000 a 13 Padmede Accounting Software ae Re Alan Willey takes a look at this venerable but still useful package You may have noticed a recent adver- tisement in the Apple 2000 magazine for Padmede accounting software at silly prices - £15 per module. Padmede stopped producing Apple software and went over to the CP/M operating system when it started to become ap) nt that Apple were so enamot of the Mac that they were prepared to allow the Apple II range to sink into oblivion (outside the USA at least). Fortunately, the Apple II has steadfastly refused to go away. Hav- ing recently explored the IBM envi- ronment via the PC Transporter sys- tem, I must confess to having found most IBM accounting software to be slow, cumbersome and about as user friendly as a river full of alligators. I have tried several IBM integrated packages including Open Access One Entry. Leeson Eight-in-One and Migent Ability Plus and can say quite categorically that AppleWorks 3 runs rings around all of them for speed and accessibility. So, how about this Padmede soft- ware which is now so old that, al- though the programs have been up- ded ("Muffined”) to DOS 3.3, the ta discs still ran under DOS 3.2? Padmede Incomplete Records Ac- counting System The program with which I have most experience is the Padmede In- complete Records Accounting System (PL "). I bought this some years ago for nearly £300, and am so pes with it that I bought a £15 ck-up copy from Apple 2000 re- cently. It is copy protected, but if you have an early copy of Copy II+ (which supports DOS 3,2) you can easily copy the data discs and, by ente: parameter 10=96, you can use the bit Pasar make back-ups of the pro- gram disc. PIRAS is a batch entry Nominal (or General) Ledger system. It is useful for accountants (like myself) who have to prepare accounts for clients from a shoebox full of bills, bank statements etc. and also for business- men who have an d cash book uppers by bank statements etc.) and want to take their business rec- ords to final Trial Balance Stage. The advantage of the batch entry system is that the Nominal Ledger will always balance as the system will not allow uu to close a batch until that Batch is in balance (in technical terms - the total debits are equal to the total credits). A.useful facility is that the opening bank balance can be entered into the system and entries made directly from the bank statements. The sys- tem keeps a running record of the bank balance and will not allow a batch to be closed off until the closing bank balance Is agreed. After all batches have been entered for more often if required) the entries can be “chained” into one long file for printing out Nominal Ledger ac- counts, Final Accounts or Previous Year Comparisons. This process can take some time, so it is recommended that it is done in one process at the end of all the entries. ‘The documentation with “PIRAS” is very , taking the new user on a step by step tour of the system. A full list of all the nominal ledger accounts - which can be customised to suit the individual user - appears in the in- structions and will adequately cover most businesses. A sample data disc is supplied which, together with the manual, is most helpful in under- standing the method of working. One confusing point concerns the printer options menu, which will be found under Main Menu Option 2 - Run Utilities, item 5 “Amend System Parameters”. The printer codes un- der this heading only goas far as No.4. If - as most people have nowadays - you have your printer attached to slot 1 or the equivalent GS port, you should enter “7” here, This is not documented, but directs printer out- put to slot 1 without any other in- structions to muddy the water (you know, the old “Control I 80N" non- sense). A word now about s| of opera- tion. At one stage I did start to feel that PIRAS was a little bit sluggish. but then several things happened. Fist of all, I tried IBM software and found that, comparatively, PIRAS written in basic with data dises run- ning under DOS 3.2 was reasonably it. In my office I have both an Apple Ie and an Apple ligs. I then bought a ZipChip for the former and a Tran- swarp GS for the latter. Anyone who uses either system for business pur- poses and has doubts about spending the money on speed enhancing de- vices pean rad Sie ie i One of the slowest forme: by the PIRAS system is to close off a year’s accounts and transfer the ac- count totals toa com: ns file. On an Apple Ile running at standard speed, this takes over half an hour. On a Apple Ile with a ZipChip fitted, it takes about 11 minutes. On an Apple ligs with a Transwarp card fitted the same job takes just over 8 minutes! In general, my experience as an accountant dealing with a large number of small businesses has that a bookkeeping system basedona conventional cashbook is actually much faster and easier to use than any integrated computerised ac- counting system that I have tried. Bear in mind that I am talking here about sole traders, husband and wife partnerships etc. with a turnover of, say, £40000 or less. Larger concerns find the better control offered by a full sales, purchase and nominal ledger system to be useful. For my own business, I use a con- ventional handwritten cashbook, the Padmede Sales Ledger (also available from Apple 2000 for £15 and dis- cussed below) and the PIRAS system which I use as a Nominal Ledger. I have ended up with this system after using several integrated accounting systems all of which contained very serious shortcomings. The impres- sion I have been given Is that the programs have been written by people with only a theoretical rather than practical accounting knowledge. Accountancy is like driving where you learn a series of “tricks” to enable you to pass shy vase? but find that you don't rei arn to drive pro) until you get out on the road, Fed vi This program is remarkable value for money. Padmede were taken over some years ago by a company called Quest and aor turn, ave been absorbed by IT Marketing. IT Market- ing have produced an updated ver- sion of PIRAS running on the IBM PC and compatibles, Admittedly it runs faster that PIRAS because it takes advantage of the increased memory available nowadays. It does, however, cost over £300 and will not actuallydo anything much more than PIRAS will do, Need I say more? Padmede Sales Ledger Most of the comments below con- cerning the Padmede Sales Ledger System (PSLS) apply equally to the Purchase Ledger System which ts very similar in operation. Fist ofall, there is one serious pitfall for the unwary (what do you expect for £15 anyway?). The system is old and is set up for the days when Apple II's 4 @ ge Apple2000 April 1990 used to have two 5.25" disc control- lers, each handling one drive only, in slots 5 and 6. To make the system run with one disc controller card in slot 6 controlling two drives it is necessary to make use of some form of sector editor capable of dealing with DOS 3.2, lused an early version of Copy II+ and amended track $15 sector $9 from “S5 D1" to“S6 D2". Anyone who buys this program from Apple 2000 can ask Irene to pass it on to me (she only lives about a mile away) andI can Rane in a few minutes before it is passed on to you. The Sales Ledger program enables the user to main’ a full database of all his customers and print out an alphabetical list when required. Postings can be made from invoices and credit notes. Facilities are avail- able to post cash items where no invoice has been raised, adjustments (journal entries) and cash and dis- count adjustments or reversals. Accounts can be viewed on the screen, and I found the facilities bet- ter than many more modern pro- grams. Statements can be printed on plain paper and provision is made for entering the user’s name and address and also a standard m on the eae {to state payment terms etc.). A very useful facility is the end of month summary showing the postings to the Nominal Ledger usii the standard Padmede Nomina’ codes. One system I have used in the past Is the Ormbeta Compact Ac- counts System. To reinforce my ear- Mer comments, I find that it takes me as, pbb inatutally, enter the Sales er m PSLS to PIRAS than it used to take the Ormbeta system to do a “Nominal update from Sales“ - and Ormbeta Compact was about the fastest small business inte- grated system I have tried! The documentation is, again, very good. 1 think it is good Sin enable someone without spec! bookkeeping knowledge to cope. However. if anyone runs into trouble with the Padmede Incomplete Rec- ords, Purchase or Sales ies Ledger programs, it is quite Ill that I be able to help (you aad contact me on 051-928 1538). Cer- tainly you will not find any software on any computer at anything like this price that will perform as well. Other Padmede Programs The other modules available in- clude a Purchase Ledger,Invoicing (with bridging facilities to the Sales Ledger system), Job Costing and Es- timating. The Purchase Ledger is very similar to the Sales Tr reviewed above. Thave not tried the other programs, but have glanced through the manu- als and would expect them to be of a caus ena 3 the above and eq lue for money. Alan Willey et AppleWorks 3.0 Bugs Stowe Keller describes those he has found so far... Here are two bugs I've recently found in AppleWorks 3.0. One is a minor annoyance and the other is fairly serious because it inevitably leads to either hanging the computer or crashing into the monitor, which ment result in the loss of desktop ies. ‘The first bug is a minor one which does not appear to be fatal in any way, but it's an an: ce which can be easily overcome by the user. Start up AWks 3.0, load an AWP file which starts with the printer options Right Margin 0.0 and Left Margin 0.0. Use OA-C to perform a Copy “To cli board”, then start copying from start of the file down a few lines and stop highlighting In the middle of a line of text by pressing return once. The text line is now broken into two fase ot the Paint where you stopped iting; however, a fe re- turn has NOT been alone g that point, as OA-Zoom will show. eae the cursor through that point cause the cursor to immediately jump from one line to the next. Fortunately, it is possible to type a space or other characterat the point of the line break and then delete the new character which you just typed, which will merge the two lines back into one. The second bug phere pester and in experience ys to ef- ther hanging the system or crashing it into the monitor, so be sure to backup your hard disk or disconnect it and any other important disks while to duplicate this problem. Start AppleWorks 3.0 and load a file from a 3.5” floppy disk and then eject the disk, the 3.5" drive empty. From AWks 3.0 Main Menu, choose ‘Save desktop files to disk’, select the file, choose ‘First change to a different disk or directory’ and press Return (NOT OA-Return!). Awks 3.0 will access the 3.5" drive, discover the drive is empty. and gives an error mmeeraue and askin, you what to do next. C! “Try adifferent location’, then choose ‘ProDOS directory’ by pressing OA-Return this time. in a pathname (I specified a subdirec- tory on my hard disk), choose ‘Save file on current disk’, and AWks will go through the motions of a successful save — the user does not yet have any clue that something has gone wrong. However. what actually happens is that the file on the desktop has had Its filename and other information trashed. apparently just prior to or during the save process, with the result that the file saved to disk has the name ‘AWTEMP.000000" {ie, it never gotrenamed), and the fileon the desktop is now so scrambled that any attempt to access it or remove it either hang or crash the system. Using something like OA-Q for Quick- change will show that the name of the document is gone (us: replaced with all blanks); selecting that file will hang the system, risking the loss of any other desktop files which may not have been saved, Trying to Quit from AWks 3.0 will not work either, since AWks first tries to remove this file (and all other files) from the desktop. The first bug occurs the same way on my Apple //GS and my //e sys- tem. In the case of the second bug, I don't have a hard disk on my //e [eee RSE A eo ing the pa- name of my 1 Meg Slinky RAM disk (which I made certain had several times enough room to store the file even with -DESKTOP present), and AWks 3.0 hungat the point where it says “Carefully saving this file. You can press Escape to cancel the save”. Both problems have been seen to occur on a virgin copy of AppleWorks 3.0, on AWks 3.0 modified by AW Patcher 1.4, and on AWks 3.0 modi- fled with AW Patcher 1.4 and Ul- tramacros 3.1 and the Timeout Desk- tools utilities. Removing ALL files in the //GS Desk.Aces folder did not make these problems go away, and these problems have in seen to occur with a 2.25 Meg RAM system as well as 3.25 Meg RAM //GS, so memory does not seem to be a factor. aad item is a an Apple //GS M Ol, (currently) 3.25 Meg RAM (Cirtech GS-RAM 8 card), 7 Mhz Tran- swarp GS in slot 3, GS/OS System 5.0.2, real Apple 3.5" drive connected to back port (maps into slot 5), real le Disk }{ controller in slot 6 at- tached to two 5.25" drives, Apple SCSI card Rev C in slot 7 attached to Chi- nook 40 Meg Hard drive. I often use Don Elton’s ECP8 command shell for ProDOS8 to launch AWks 3.0, but both these problems were seen to occur when launching directly from the GS/OS Finder. The system RAM tests out fine and the hard disk checks out fine under Glen Bredon's ProSel utilities. My second system is an enhanced Apple //e with 128K RAM, Transwarp with 65802, 1 Meg Slinky RAM disk, ProDOS 1.5, two ane 5.25" drives in slot 6, one UDC with 3.5” floppy drives in slot 5, Apple Mouse in slot 4, and Slotbuster Il multi-function card in slot 1. Stowe Keller CIS: [71540.725] @ April 1990 Apple2000 &&wi is Back to The Old Apple /// Patch John Jeppson gives us a further insight into the Apple /// Reprinted from SoftTalk Vol. 4 Feb 84 Apple recently released version 1.1 of Apple lll Pascal. The new version has a number of significant improve- ments and enhaneesoen is one of which is a special utility program to change the Pascal system volume designation. The system volume is the disk that contains SYSTEM.PASCAL and SYSTEM.MISCINFO tn its root direc- tory. ee , in version 1.0, the Pascal floppy disk that was used to boot the system was automatically designated e system volume. That particular disk had to remain in Apple III's built- in drive; ifyou removed it, Pascal soon deman« its return. In practice, this constant swapping of disks effectively rendered athe uilt-in floppy uscless for any other purpose. Most pro; - mers ben gave up and Seaehban extra drive, Pascal 1.1 solves that problem. Version 1.1 comes with a Program called PMOVE.CODE which you to seoln the system volume to any block device you own. Eormely you will want to designate a hard dis! such as ProFile. It is desirable, of course, to have all the system files on hard disk because execution is faster and all the files are immediately avail- able when needed. The only drawback is that most system files -all those with the prefix ‘5 M.” and a few others- must reside within the hard disk’s root directory, where they are constantly in the way. There is, in fact, ever any need to look at the names of system files. You already know where ey are located, and they are ac- cessed only by single-key commands within the Pascal system. But every time you catalog the hard disk direc- tory, there they are, forcing you to hunt around among all those extra file names to find the files you seek. The accompanying patch program permits you to move all system files into a subdirectory where Te- main bundled together, out of the way. It is similar to a patch for version 1.0 published in the February 1983 Softalk, but much simpler. The previ- ous patch also had to reassign the system volume, a task now accom- plished by PMOVE.CODE. In version 16 1.1, moving the files into a subdirec- tory is easy -so easy, in fact, that it’s surprising that Apple did not include this option in PMOVE.CODE. The patch changes file name strings in a number of Pascal system files from “SYSTEM.XXXXX" to “SYSTEM/ XXXXxX", thereby tricking Pascal into looking for its system files in the subdirectory “SYSTEM”. The accompan’ table summa- rises the locations involved. Locations changed from *.” to “/*: File Block Bytes PASCAL 25 188 26 218, 248, 278, 306, 332 27 218, 250 35 216 44 58 FILER 50 316 COMPILER 53 104 LINKER 4 500 5 122 LIBRARY.CODE 1 446 6 204 7 204 8 204 LIBMAP.CODE 5 SETUP.CODE 6 504 SOS.INTERP (in strings beginnin, al) 6 359, 394, 429 These changes do NOT affect the various work files. Pascal will still place all work files in the hard disk root directory. Furthermore, the sys- tem volume is not reassigned to the subdirectory. It remains the root di- rectory of your hard disk, but that root directory will contain only a single listing for the subdirecto: named SYSTEM. Finally, as a small bonus, the program changes the error message displayed when the hard disk is not yet on-line during boot. Instructions The first ep Is to execute the pro- gram PMOVE.CODE following the instructions contained in that pro- (igen peeneew will modify the boot file SOS.INTERP to reas- sign the Pascal system volume to the hard disk. It's a good idea, at this point, to place all Pascal system files temporarily into the hard disk root directory and to confirm that the system boots and runs correctly. Next, make a subdirectory called “name/SYSTEM”, where “.name” is the SOS device name of your hard disk, and copy all Pascal system files {except SOS files) into this subdirec- tory. Remove the prefix “SYSTEM.” from all fle names that contain it, with the exception of SYSTEM.SYNTAX. Leave SYSTEM.SYNTAX and the remaining file names unchanged. It's okay to have both of the following files in the subdirectory at the same time. Pascal will not confuse them: file LIBRARY (derived from SYSTEM.LIBRARY) file LIBRARY.CODE (a program that always had that name) The directory structure should now appear: /PROFILE (volume name of hard dis! SYSTEM (subdirectory name) PJ (files in subdirectory) MISCINFO EDITOR FILER LIBRARY SYSTEM.SYNTAX ERRORS.6502 and so on. Upon running this patch program, you'll be asked for the same Informa- tion required by cppiee program PMOVE.CODE: the SOS device name of your hard disk (the new system volume), and the SOS device name of the disk containing SOS.INTERP {already modified by PMOVE.CODE). The patch makes a second modifica- tion to SOS.INTERP and also modifies the following item files: PASCAL, FILER, COMPILER. LINKER, LIBRARY.CODE, LIBMAP.CODE, and SETUP.CODE. All these files (except SOS.INTERP) must be pres- ent in the System subdirectory. After successful execution of this program, you cap Sag your Apple Ill with a Pascal first-stage boot disk containin SOS.KERNEL, SOS.D! R. and the twice-modified SOS.INTERP. Pascal will look for its system files in the subdirectory. You may remove the old, unmodified files from the hard disk’s root directory. Apple2000 April 1990 (* Patch Apple III Pascal Version 1.1 Alters Pascal System Files for Use in a Subdirectory *) program patch; (* must be compiled under Pascal v 1.1 *) uses chainstuff; var buf: packed array [0..511] of 0..255; old Prefix, source, devname: string; prefixSet: boolean; procedure getinfo; var i: integer subdir: string begin writeln (chr (28)); writeln; writeln (‘Pascal version 1.1 - Move System Files to Subdirectory’); writeln; writeln; write (‘SOS device name assigned to hard disk drive: *‘); readin (devname) ; for i:= 1 to length (devname) do (* to upper case *) if devname[i] in [‘a’..’z‘] then devname[i]:= chr (ord (devname(i]) - 32); writeln; write (‘SOS device name of diskette containing SOS.INTERP file: *); readin (source) ; source:= concat (source, ‘/ SOS. INTERP’) ; writeln; subdir:= concat (devname,’ /SYSTEM) ; prefixSet:= setprefix (subdir) ; if not prefixSet then rin writeln (‘Subdirectory ‘, subdir,’ not. found’) ; exit (program); end; end; (* getinfo*) procedure getblock (s:string;: blk:integer) ; var iofile: file; count: integer; begin writeln (‘altering block *, blk:2, * in’, 8)7 (*$iocheck- *) reset (iofile,s); (*Siocheck+ *); if ioresult > 0 then in writeln (chr(7), ‘Unable to find *, devname, ’ /SYSTEM/’ , 5) exit (program) ; fillchar (buf, sizeof (buf) , 0); count:= blockread (iofile, buf, 1, blk); close (iofile); end; procedure chg (n:integer) ; begin buf[n]:= ord(‘/'); end; procedure wrtblock (s:string; blk: integer) ; var iofile: file; oo Format - 80 Word processing so advanced anyone can use it! For your App le Il and //e, //c, //gs Format-80 costs just £99 + VAT. Existing users can upgrade to the latest version (2.26) for £35 + VAT. If you would like more information please contact your local Apple Dealer or El Software Company Ltd.. Elite Software Company, 4 Hawthylands Drive Hailsham, E Sussex, BN27 1HE Telephone : 0323 - 845898 April 1990 Apple2000 @i37 count: integer; jin reset (iofile, 3); count:= blockwrite (iofile, buf, 1, blk); close (iofile); procedure interp; var i: integer; tempname, message, ctrlsl, ctrls2: string; begin getblock (source, 6); tempname:= concat (devname, ‘/SYSTEM/ PASCAL’); buf[359]:= length (tempname) 7 for i:= 1 to length (tempname) do buf[359+i)] := ord (tempname[i]); tempname:= concat (devname, ’ /: MISCINFO’ ) ; buf[394]:= length (tempname) ; for iz= 1 to length (tempname) do buf [394+i]}:= ord (tempname[i]); (* create new error message - includes controls *) ctrlsli= ‘xox’; 0,23 and beep *) ctrlsi[1]:= chr(26); ctrisl(2]:= chr(0); etrls1[3):= chr(23); ctrlsl(4):= chr(7); ctrls2:= ‘x'; (* clear to end of line (* move cursor to *) ctrls2{1):= chr(31); message:= concat (ctrlsl, ‘Press RETURN when ‘’’,devname,’’’ is on line ‘, etrls2); buf [429]:= length (message) ; for i:= 1 to length (message) do buf [429+i]:= ord (message[i]); wrtblock (source, 6); (* interp *) end; procedure pascal; chg (122); wrtblock (‘LINKER’, 5); getblock (*LIBRARY.CODE’, 1); (446); wxtblock (‘LIBRARY.CODE’, 1); tblock (*‘LIBRARY.CODE’, 6); chg (204); wrtblock (*LIBRARY.CODE’, 6); getblock (‘LIBRARY.CODE’, 7); chg (204); wrtblock (*LIBRARY.CODE', 7); getblock (‘LIBRARY.CODE’, 8); chg (204); wrtblock (*‘LIBRARY.CODE’, 8); getblock (‘LIBMAP.CODE’, 5); chg (254); wrtblock (*LIBMAP.CODE’, 5); getblock (‘SETUP.CODE’, 6); chg (504); wrtblock (‘SETUP.CODE’, 6); end; (* others *) begin (* main program *) getprefix (oldPrefix); = setprefix (oldPrefix); writeln; writeln (‘SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED’ ) ; I still get a lot of enquiries about Applesoft programs that don't execute disk commands properly after sending out- put to the printer or using the 80 column screen. Even Apple Computer manuals contain such programs which begin - getblock (*PASCAL', 25); contain lines like chg (188); wrtblock (‘PASCAL’, 25); gosto Keo oy (aie) + honey So what's wrong with that? Well whilst PR# 1 works hg (248); satisfactorily from the keyboard it DISCONNECTS DOS or chg (278); ProDOS when used in arunning program; PR# 1 etc. were chg (306); around before DOS was available and simply move the chg (332); output hooks to point to the device, in this case, in slot 1. wrtblock (‘PASCAL’, 26); Now DOS and ProDOS when they bootup re-direct these getblock (‘PASCAL’, 27); hooks to point to DOS or ProDOS so that they can commu- chg (218); nicate with Applesoft, so if you want to use your printer chg (250); DOS or ProDOS would like to move the hooks for you so wrtblock (‘PASCAL’, 27); that it can still maintain it's communication with Apple- getblock (‘PASCAL’, 35); soft. Therefore in a program you should use the DOS or (216); ProDOS commands, some examples of which are listed wrtblock (‘PASCAL’, 35); below :- getblock (*‘PASCAL’, 44); es a i 12345 PRINT CHR$(4) “PR#1” =e a a pete aber at tad 12345 PRINT CHR$(4) “PR#3” “i pee 12345 PRINT CHR$(4) “IN#4” Pe tae These maintain the hooks pointing into DOS or ProDOS getblock (‘FILER’, 50); whilst still sending or receiving data to or from the device chg (316); in the slot you have chosen. In some older programs you wrtblock (‘FILER’, 50); may see the construct :- getblock (‘COMPILER’, 53); chg (104); 12345 PR# 1 wrtblock (‘COMPILER’, 53); 12346 CALL 1002 getblock (‘LINKER’, 4); chg (500); ‘The CALL 1002 magn re-connects DOS or ProDOS after wrtblock (‘LINKER’, 4); the PR# 1 etc. have disconnected it. getblock (*LINKER’, 5); Dave Ward « 3s 2B Apple2000 April 1990 Bidmuthin Technologies Ltd. Best for Apple I The official UK agent for Applied Engineering - to expand AppleWorks - with AppleWorks Desk Accessories - with MS-Dos on the Apple II - with SCSI drives for the Apple II - to expand the //e - with AppleWorks GS - with IIGS Accelerator - with IIGS Networking - Best for Hardware = - Best for Software - Best for Advice = - Best for Support Y Y Y Y Y - Best for Service = - Sometimes, even the best prices = Y STILL AVAILABLE A wide range of products for //e, GS & II+, including: TransWarp GS - more than doubles the speed of the IIGS TransWarp - The RELIABLE accelerator for the //e & II+ Game Set and Match We search for Crystals, Buckle our Swashes and play a little Solitaire in these three games for the lIlgs Crystal Quest Crystal Quest is a fast-action game where you pilot a small oval ship around the screen, using the mouse. cir A up small flashing diamond ¢ . When you have picked them ee a gateway at the bottom centre of the screen opens up and when you pass through it you may if you wish and go to the next wave (screen). The first screen is relatively simple with only a few crystals randomly spaced. As you are attempting to pick up the crystals critters randomly enter the screen from two portals at the centre of the two sides. To make life still more difficult mines are placed in random positions around the screen and in- crease in number the higher the wave. On the screen are numbers up to 10000 and small red bombs. Collect- ing the numbers adds to your score, crystals score 200 points each and the red bombs are useful if the screen gets too cluttered up with critters; these bombs completely clear all the critters from the screen when you press the space-bar, When you have completed a wave you can score a bonus of 500 points per second if you do it faster than the assigned time. You have 10 seconds for the first wave, 15 seconds for the second wave .... For instance I often do the first wave in 6 seconds and so score a bonus of 2000 points. You can set the speed of the mouse on the control panel and whilst many users prefer the slow speed mouse I have always found it better to use the high speed mouse option! Those D*** Critters There are 12 types of critters, some Just wander about the screen other shoot slow or fast bullets at you an- other drops mines all over the place and others follow you whilst one shoots laser beams at you and one splits in a shower of shrapnel if fire at it. Touch a critter or any of the portals ora mine andyou die. You can fire at critters by pressing the mouse button and the bullets fly in the direc- tion you are moving. You have an unlimited number of rounds al- though there can only be 5 bullets on the screen at once. Most critters die when you hit them but one, a red slime, takes many shots before it dies. Occasionally, at random, big white diamond shaped crystals appear from the critters portals and these move randomly around the screen. If you collide with one of these you can score up to 50000 points! All this excellent graphics is accompanied by great digitised sound. Wave Yourself Goodbye Each successive wave becomes more difficult, there are more critters, minesand the action becomes faster. Be the gate starts to move long the base of the screen and this movement appea