Text content (OCR)
= INTERNATIONAL
PPLE CORE
IN THIS ISSUE:
/ INTERFACING
BASIC TO ANTS
SEE PAGE 11
ALSO
| APPLESOFT LIST
- FORMATTER
ON PAGE 21
AND ALSO
_ INSIDE SILENTYPE
ON PAGE 43
WINTER 1980-81
3.50
SUP’R’TERMINAL IS AN 80 COLUMN BY 24 LINE PLUG-IN
COMPATIBLE BOARD FOR THE APPLE Il COMPUTER
SPECIFICATIONS & FEATURES
80 Columns by 24 lines, upper and lower case; all 128
ASCII characters.
Upper and Lower case data entry using the APPLE II
keyboard.
Includes an Upper and Lower case 5x8 dot matrix
ASCII character set, and inverse alpha characters.
Expands existing keyboard for more ASCII
characters
Character set can be user definable
Includes VBC™ (video balance circuit) which enables
the use of displaying 80 columns on an inexpensive
8 MHz CRT monitor
Works with LEEDEX monitor (version 2.2) and other
inexpensive CRT monitors
Shift Lock Feature
KEYPRESS function for PASCAL programs supplied
Works with APPLE PASCAL and APPLE BASIC
Incorporates PASCAL and BASIC control characters
Follows protocols of PASCAL and BASIC operating
systems
ALL monitor-type escapes are valid
Compatible with ALL APPLE II peripherals.
Effective baud rate greater than 10,000; fast scrolling
and clearing
APPLE Il is a trademark of APPLE Computer Co.
APPLE Pl is a trademark of Programma International
Easywriter is a trademark of Information Unlimited
Micromodem is a trademark of D.C. Hayes
PATENT PENDING
* Can be used with APPLE I! communication interface
board to act as self contained terminal for time-
sharing or other applications. Terminal program
supplied when used with a D.C. Hayes micromodem.
3K bytes of bank switched static ram
2K bytes of ROM
The only board with continuous direct memory
mapped screened ram.
The only board that interprets VTABS by firmware
(version 2.2)
The only board with an adjustable scrolling window.
The only 80 column board that is synchronous with
the APPLE II
Fully programmable cursor
Conversion program supplied to modify existing
APPLESOFT programs to work with SUP’R'TERMI-
NAL (automatically converts HOME,CALL-936 and
VTABS) (version 1.0)
Works with the new Easywriter and APPLE PI word
processors.
Uses less current on the +5V supply than any other
80 column board
* Works with CORVIS hard disc system
M&R ENTERPRISES
P.O. BOX 61011, Sunnyvale, CA 94088
Mountain Computer makes
more peripherals for
the Apple Computer
than Anybody.
and... aplace to put them
Intelligent Home Controller for lights and
appliances. Real-time schedules and
energy conservation. Complete applications
software package. Home security with random
scheduler. Power usage accounting package for
home energy cost control. No wiring required.
Real-time and date information. Interrupts
permit Foreground/Background operation of
two programs simultaneously. Battery back-up.
Crystal-controlled for + 001% accuracy, Onboard
ROM for easy access from BASICs. Supports
PASCAL. Time from one millisecond to one year.
Input/Output Speech Digitizer. Permits talking programs. |/O capability
allows interactive programs with speech-prompted inputs. Use output for
speech directed activities in business systems, announcements in acontrol-
room, or sound effects in entertainment programs. Easy to use because input
as well as output is under user control with special software operating system.
Program your own EPROMs. Create your own firmware.
Programs 2K, 2716 5V EPROMs. Disk software package
provides easy EPROM programming. EPROMSs are verified
after BURN. RUN your programs from on-board socket or
install them on ROMPLUS +.
More power for your system through firmware. Six sockets
accept 2716 EPROMs or ROM equivalents. Six or any com-
bination can be used at once. Scratch-pad RAM andtwo TTL
connectors. Special 2K ROMs available for powerful system
enhancement: Keyboard Filter ROM—COPYROM-—Others
coming soon.
Sophistication previously available only on
experimental mini and mainframe com-
puter synthesizers Digital instrumental
music synthesizer system. 16 voices in
stereo. Instrument definitions simulate the
sound of real instruments—and more. Fully
programmable waveforms. Envelope Con-
trol. Composition system—sheet music
input using standard music notation
Chords and multi-part scoring up to 16
voices. A true instrument that anyone with
an Apple can play.
46 channels analog to digital input. 16
channels digital to analog output
Eight bit resolution. Super-fast 94
sec, conversion time. Monitor and
output to the real world. All on one
card
By popular demand! Eight more slots for your
Apple. Attractive sturdy enclosure. Its own heavy
duty power supply. Easy to use. Address cards
in Expansion Chassis the same way as in your
Apple. Only one additional command to specity
in Apple or in Expansion Chassis, Compatible with
all Apple peripherals.
At last! An intelligent, high-quality device for
data entry from user-marked cards. Implement
BASIC programming, examination scoring,
inventory maintenance and other applications
requiring off-line data preparation for batch
entry later. Connects to any computer having
RS-232 interface. Software and cards are
available for jobs in business, science and
education.
MOUNTAIN COMPUTER has the most compre-
hensive line of Apple peripherals available.
Anywere. From anybody. We know the Apple
inside and out and are committed to providing
the most innovative and unique products to
expand and enhance its capabilities and use.
After all, we were the first company to make an,
Apple peripheral—except Apple Computer
Available at Apple Dealers worldwide.
300 Harvey West Blvd., Santa Cruz, CA95060
(408) 429-8600 TWX 910 598-4504
- Apple is a trademark of Apple Computer Inc.
DATA CAPTURE 4.0
The most advanced and easiest to use telecommunications program for use
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with the MICROMODEM IIs
‘Will DATA CAPTURE 4.0 work with my Communica-
tions Card™ and a modem?
It makes using the Comm. Card almost as easy as using
the Micromodem II.
Do | need an extra editor to prepare text for transmis-
sion to another computer?
No. DATA CAPTURE 4.0 gives you control of the text
buffer. You can use DATA CAPTURE 4.0 to create text.
Can | edit the text | have prepared?
Yes. You can insert lines or delete any lines from the text.
How about text | have captured. Can | edit that?
As easily as the text you have prepared yourself. You can
delete any lines you don't want to print or save to a disk file.
You can also insert lines into the text.
dust how much text can | capture with DATA
CAPTURE 4.07
If the system with which you are communicating accepts a
stop character, most use a Control S, you can capture an
unlimited amount of text.
How does that work? And do | have to keep an eye on
how much I have already captured?
When the text buffer is full the stop character is output to
the other system. Then DATA CAPTURE 4.0 writes what
has been captured up to that point to a disk file. This is
done automatically.
Then what happens?
Control is returned to you and you can send the start
character to the other system. This generally requires
pressing any key, the RETURN key or a Control Q.
Are upper and lower case supported if | have a Lower
Case Adapter?
Yes. If you don't have the adapter an upper case only
version is also provided on the diskette.
Do I need to have my printer card or Micromodem I
or Communications Card™ in any special slot?
No. All this is taken care of when you first run a short
program to configure DATA CAPTURE 4.0 to your system.
Then you don't have to be concerned with it again. If you
move your cards around later you can reconfigure DATA
CAPTURE 4.0.
Do | have to build a file on the other system to get it
sent to my Apple?
No. If the other system can list it you can capture it.
How easy is it to transmit text or data to another
system?
You can load the text or data into DATA CAPTURE 4.0
from the disk and transmit it. Or you can transmit what you
have typed into DATA CAPTURE 4.0.
How can | be sure the other system receives what |
send it?
If the other system works in Full Duplex, it ‘echoes’ what
you send it, then DATA CAPTURE 4.0 adjusts its sending
__ speed to the other system and won't send the next charac-
ter until it is sure the present one has been received. We
call that ‘Dynamic Sending Speed Adjustment’.
_ What if the other system works only in Half Duplex.
A different sending routine is provided for use with Half
‘Duplex systems.
What if | want to transmit a program to the other
system?
No problem. You make the program into a text file with a
program that is provided with DATA CAPTURE 4.0, loadit
into DATA CAPTURE 4.0 and transmit it.
or the Apple COMMUNICATIONS CARD™,
Q. What type files can | read and save with DATA
CAPTURE 4.0?
A. Any Apple DOS sequential text file. You can create and
edit EXEC files, send or receive VISCIALC© data files,
send or receive text files created with any editor that uses
text files.
Q. Can! leave DATA CAPTURE 4.0 running on my Apple
at home and use it from another system?
Yes. If you are using the Micromodem II you can call
DATA CAPTURE 4.0 from another system. This is handy if
you are at work and want to transmit something to your
unattended Apple at home.
Q. Where can I buy DATA CAPTURE 4.0?
A. Your local Apple dealer. If he doesn’t have it ask him to
order it. Or if you can’t wait order it directly from Southeast-
em Software. The price is $65.00. To order the Dan
Paymar Lower Case Adapter add $64.95 and include the
serial number of your Apple.
If lorder it directly how can | pay for it?
We accept Master Charge, Visa or your personal check.
You will get your order shipped within 3 working days of
when we receive it no matter how you pay for it. Send your
order to us at the address shown or call either of the
numbers in this advertisement. You can call anytime of
day, evening or Saturdays.
Q. bought DATA CAPTURE 3.0 and DATA CAPTURE 4.0
sounds so good | want this version. What do | do to
upgrade?
A. Send us your original DATA CAPTURE 3.0 diskette and
documentation, the $35.00 price difference and $2.50 for
postage and handling. We will send you DATA CAPTURE
4.0 within 3 working days of receiving your order.
What kind of support can | expect after I buy it?
If you have bought from Southeastern Software in the past
you know we are always ready to answer any questions
about our products or how to use them.
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Requires DISK II@, Applesoft il and 48K of Memory
DATA CAPTURE 4.0©
Copyright© 1980-Southeastern Software
* Apple®, Apple II Plus®, Disk lls? and APPLESOFT Itt are trademarks of Apple
Computer Company.
* Micromodem il® is a trademark of D.C. Hayes Associates, inc.
* Visicalc®-Copyright by Software Arts, inc.
BOOS
eS We welcome your personal
check. We also accept Visa and Master Charge.
Southeastern Software
Dept. AO
6414 Derbyshire Drive ¢ New Orleans, LA 70126
504/246-8438 504/246-7937
WINTER 1980
THE APPLE ORCHARD
PRESIDENT’S CORNER
Like Apple Computer Inc., the
International Apple Core’s growth
has been phenomenal. In one year
our membership is over 180 clubs,
23 associates, and 18 sponsors. The
IAC now represents over 18,000
Apple owners.
There is so much we would like
to accomplish now, for you, our
members, but it takes time in a
volunteer organization to find
people who are willing to help. In
time, as we increase our financial
foothold, this will be easier by
hiring individuals to perform the
work. Financial stability is the
current goal of the Board of
Directors and officers. The IAC
funding, at this time, comes almost
entirely from the sales of THE
APPLE ORCHARD. If you haven’t
subscribed yet, you will find a form
in this issue — remember your
subscription helps support the IAC
and you get a great publication
concerning the Apple Computer.
At a recent Board of Directors
meeting, the date and place for the
1981 ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
was set, and will be held in Chicago,
Ill. on May 2nd & 3rd in conjunc-
PAGE 3
tion with NCC. More information
as to place and times for the
meeting and seminars will be sent
to all clubs as plans are finalized. All
member clubs should start to plan
on sending, if they wish, a
representative to this meeting —
remember your club has a vote as
to the direction of the IAC — we
want your input.
Like in 1980, we plan to have
technical seminars from Apple
experts at the meeting. They will be
video taped and be available to all
clubs for showing. As we obtain
confirmation from these experts,
we will inform you.
One of the items that came out of
the Board meeting was the imple-
mention of a new BULLETIN which
we will publish every month and
send to all members. The purpose
of this is to advise you of what the
IAC is doing, timely announce-
ments, and information that can
not wait for our quarterly publica-
tion.
Ken Silverman, President
International Apple Core
INTERNATIONAL APPLE CORE SPONSORING MEMBERS
L.A.C. sponsors are a special breed. They are the organizations who along with our advertisers,
contribute to and support many I.A.C. activities. In addition, they will provide us with application
notes concerning their products — notes that will benefit users by showing new and different ways to
utilize their products or production/software modifications that have been made to upgrade their
product. When considering a software or product purchase, we request that they be given special
consideration.
Those organizations that would like to become sponsors or who would like additional information
about the benefits and advantages of becoming a sponsoring member are urged to contact Michael
Weinstock, Vice-President, International Apple Core, P.O. Box 976, Daly City, CA 94017.
A list of sponsoring members, current through the first of September, 1980, appears below.
Apple Computer, Inc.
10260 Bandley Drive
Cupertino, CA 95014
(408) 996-1010
Axiom Corp.
5932 San Fernando Rd.
Glendale, CA 91202
(213) 245-9244
Bell & Howell, Inc.
7100 McCormick Road
Chicago, IL 60645
(312) 262-1600
Compuserve - Micronet
5000 Arlington Centre Blvd.
Columbus, OH 43220
(614) 457-8600
Custom Computering System,
Inc.
122 2nd Ave. N.
Saskatoon, Sask.,
Canada S7K 2B2
Epson America, Inc.
23844 Hawthorne Blvd.
Torrance, CA 90505
(213) 378-2220
Hayes Microcomputer
Products
5835 Peachtree Corners East
Norcorss, GA 30092
(404) 449-8791
Interactive Structures, Inc.
P.O. Box 404
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
(215) 667-1713
Malibu Electronics Corp.
2301 Townsgate Road
Westlake Village, CA 91361
(805) 496-1990
Nestar Systems, Inc.
430 Sherman Ave.
Palo Alto, CA 94306
(415) 327-0125
Okidata Corporation
111 Gaither Drive
Mt. Laurel, NJ 08054
(609) 235-2600
Peripherals Unlimited
3450 E, Spring St., Suite 206
Long Beach, CA 90806
(213) 595-6858
Programma International,
Inc.
3400 Wilshire Blvd.
Los Angeles, CA 90016
(213) 384-1116
Siro-tech Software Products
6 Main St.
Ogdenstring, NY 13669
(315) 393-5151
Source Telecomputing Corp.
1616 Anderson Road
McLean, VA 22102
(703) 821-6660
Syntauri Ltd.
3506 Waverly St.
Palo Alto, CA 94306
(415) 494-1017
Verbatim Corp.
323 Soquel Way
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
(408) 245-4400
Xerox Retail Markets Div.
L-140, 24500 Industrial Blvd.
Hayward, CA 94545
(415) 786-5205
PAGE 4
INTERNATIONAL
APPLE CORE
PRESENTS
THE APPLE ORCHARD
Vol. 1, No. 3
Entire Contents Copyright® 1980
by International Apple Corps
P.O. Box 976, Daly City, CA 95017
THE APPLE ORCHARD
Winter 1980-81
IN THIS ISSUE
President’s Corner Ken Silverman
IAC Sponsoring Members
PRINT FRE(ed) Val J. Golding
Select One The Editor
Fruit of the Earth Kyrene Gould
A BASIC to Machine Language Interface Pete Rowe
Applesoft Program Listing Formatter Robert C. Clardy
Locations of Interest to Pascal and
6502 Users Randy Hyde
Creativity Life: review David B. Garson
‘A Machine Language Address Calculator Russ Lavalee
Some Notes about the UCSD Assembler Ron Haines
Float, Float, Float your Point Guy A. Lyle
CONTACT Section
Inside the Silentype Firmware
IAC Member Club Additions
Binary to Decimal Shortcut
Tabbing with Apple Peripherals
Apple Writer and the Telephone
Dow Jones News and Quotes Reporter
Converting Strings to Numeric
Variables
Pascal Run-Time Errors
Saving and Loading Arrays in Applesoft
The Keypress Function
The Tax Planner
Applewriter & DOS Text Files
POKE Salad
Using USR
Space War: review
Advertiser’s Index
J.D. Eisenberg
Steve Wozniak
John Crossley
Jim Hoyt
Jo & Charlie Kellner
Jo Kellner
Tom Brown
Frank Evans
David B. Garson
WINTER 1980
THE APPLE ORCHARD
Vol. 1, No. 3 Winter 1980-81
Val J. Golding .. Editor
Ken Silverman . Associate Editor
Jim Hoyt Associate Editor
. Assistant to the Editor
. Review Editor
Shipping Manager
. Cover Design
+. Cover Photo
. Apple Orchard Postcard
. Production
Kathryn Hallgrimson.
David B. Garson.
Larry Danielson .
Vic Warren Design
Brian Bennett
Buck Evans ..
Grawin Publications .
ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES
Dilithium Press
P.O. Box 606
Beaverton, OR 97075
(503) 243-1160
SUBSCRIPTIONS
Apple Orchard Subscriptions
P.O. Box 2227
Seattle, WA 98111
$10/year — Published Quarterly
INTERNATIONAL APPLE CORE
Officers
Ken Silverman President (415) 878-9171
Michael Weinstock Vice-President (516) 360-0988
Dave Gordon Treasurer (213) 384-0579
Joe Budge Secretary (919) 489-4282
Regional Directors
Jon R. Lawrence (north) (313) 534-2433
Harlan G. Felt (north) (408) 866-1733
Jerry Vitt (south) (214) 369-7660
Scott Knaster (south) (303) 355-2379
Bernie Urban (east) (301) 229-3458
Tony Cerreta (east) (914) 636-3417
Joe Alinsky (west) (213) 703-1894
Fred Wilkinson (west) (415) 585-2240
International Directors
Roger Keating PO Box 448, Double Bay 2028, NSW, Australia
Auby Mandell 409 Queen St. W. Toronto, Ont. Canada MSV 2A5
Wolfgang Dederichs Auf Drenhausen 2 4320 Hattingen, West
Germany
Committee Chairmen
Apnotes John Shanes (804) 746-2711
Apple Fair Bob Ramsdell (617) 742-6100
Apple Orchard Val J. Golding (206) 932-6588
Constitution & Bylaws Ken Silverman (415) 878-9171
Education SIG Ted Perry (916) 961-7776
Ham Radio SIG James E. Hassler, (307) 632-4934
WB7TRQ
Handicapped SIG Bernie Urban (301) 229-3458
1.A.C. Software Neil Lipson (215) 356-6183
Legal SIG Butch Clayton (803) 884-5370
Medical SIG Dr. Larry L Stoneburner (714) 953-9151
Newsletter Exchange David Alpert (312) 295-6078
Newsletter Library Maj. Terry N. Taylor (213) 372-4134
New Club Assistance Randy Fields (415) 775-7965
Standards
Telecommunciations
Mark Robbins
Craig Vaughn
(303) 750-5813
Maybe we can
Save you a call.
oe = 4 =
Many people have called with the
same questions about the AIO.
We'll answer those and a few more here.
Q: Does the AIO have hardware handshaking’?
A: Yes. The serial port accommodates 3 types—RTS,
CTS, and DCD. The parallel port handles ACK, ACK,
BSY, STB, and STB.
Q: What equipment can be used with the AIO?
A: A partial list of devices that have actually been tested
with the AIO includes: IDS 440 Paper Tiger, Centronics
779, Qume Sprint 5, NEC Spinwriter, Comprint, Heathkit
H14, IDS 125, IDS 225, Hazeltine 1500, Lear Siegler
ADM-3, DTC 300, AJ 841.
Q: Does the AIO work with Pascal?
A: Yes. The current AIO serial firmware works great
with Pascal. If you want to run the parallel port, or both
the serial and parallel ports with Pascal, order our
“Pascal Patcher Disk’”
Q: What kind of firmware option is available for
the parallel interface?
A: Two PROMS that the user installs on the AIO card
in place of the Serial Firmware PROM's provide:
Variable margins, Variable page length, Variable
indentations, and Auto-line-feed on carriage
return.
Q: How do I interface my new printer to my Apple
using my AIO card?
A: Interconnection diagrams for many popular
printers and other devices are contained in the
‘AIO Manual. If your printer is not mentioned,
please contact SSM’s Technical Support Dept.
and they will help you with the proper
connections.
Q: I want to use my Apple as a dumb terminal
with a modem on a timesharing service like
The Source. Can I do that with the AIO?
A: Yes. A“Dumb Terminal Routine” is listed
in the AIO Manual. It provides for full and
half duplex, and also checks for presence
of a carrier.
Q: What length cables are provided?
A: For the serial port, a 12 inch ribbon cable
with a DB-25 socket on the user end
is supplied. For the parallel port, a72 inch
ribbon cable with an unterminated user
end is provided. Other cables are available
on special volume orders.
The AIO is just one of several boards
for the Apple that SSM will be introducing
over the next year. We are also
receptive to developing products to
meet special OEM requirements,
So please contact us if you have
aneed and there is nothing available
to meetit.
snppleis 8
‘of Apple
ao
RA777 4
SSM Microcomputer Products
2190 Paragon Drive
San Jose, California 95131
(408) 946-7400
presents our valuable free
catalog (over 100 pages). He PROMPTS you
to PEEK at the latest collection of
software and hardware
products for your APPLE II™
VERSAWRITER Il
A drawing tablet,
simply plugs into your
game I/O port. Trace, draw,
design, or color any type of
graphic. Adds words to
pictures. Creates schematics.
Computes Distance /Area of any
figure. New - fill any area
on the screen in seconds with
over 100 different and
distinct colors. Needs 32K
‘Applesoft ROM and disk
drive. A bargain at...
$249.95
ASTELLAR TREK
the definitive Hi-Res
color version of the classic
Startrek game. Three
different Klingon opponents.
Many command prerogatives
from use of weapons to
repair of damages. Needs
48K Applesoft ROM.
Disk...$24.95
SUPER SOUND
Musical rhythms,
gunshots, sirens, laser blasts,
explosions...add these and
many more exciting
sounds to your Apple. Use
them in your programs,
or create your own
SUPER SOUNDS. Needs
16K Applesoft.
Have a blast for only
$12.95... Tape
$16.95... Disk
BOWLING DATA
SYSTEM
This data mangement
program provides accurate
record keeping and report
generation for bowling leagues
of up to 40 teams with
6 bowlers per team.
Needs 80-column printer,
32k Applesoft ROM.
Disk...$79.95
ADD $2.00 U.S. $10.00 FOREIGN FOR SHIPPING
CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS ADD 6% SALES TAX
Open Tues. - Sun.
Don't see what you want
here, then write or call
today for your free
catalog. We're saving
one just for you. GARDEN PLAZA SHOPPING CENTER
9719 RESEDA BOULEVARD DEPT. 1240
NORTHRIDGE, CALIFORNIA 91324
Visa/Mastercharge welcome. PHONE (213) 349-5560
RAINBOW COMPUTING INC.
WINTER 1980
THE APPLE ORCHARD
PRINT FRE(ed)
by Val J. Golding
In Nibble Magazine number 6,
editor Mike Harvey wrote an
eloquent and thought-provoking
editorial on the subject of boot-
legging and protected programs,
which we suggest you read.
Nibble’s address may be found in
their advertisement on Page 10.
Mike wrote of having heard that
a user group had “broken” the
Visicalc “non-copy” locks and was
making copies of Visicalc for its
members, an appalling thought. All
IAC member clubs, in making their
application to join, agree they will
not be a party to the copying of
copyrighted programs. Unfortu-
nately, this is a difficult area to
police, and word of mouth about
illegal copies, which we too have
heard, is not sufficient grounds for
the expulsion of a member club.
This entire matter is regrettable
and has already taken its toll in the
form of higher prices and
“protected”, harder to copy,
software. It appears that software
manufacturers generally accept
that copying is inevitable, which
has resulted in substantial increases
in purchase prices (which must be
amortized over a very short period
to recoup costs before many illegal
copies get out) and an ever-
increasing number of software
products relying on numerous
different protection schemes.
The so-called “non copyable”
diskettes can, of course, be copied
by anyone endowed with sufficient
skill and expertise in Apple DOS,
but by and large they reduce the
numbers of software thefts.
However, in many cases, protected
diskettes place an unfair burden on
the legitimate software purchaser,
in the form of lengthy delays in
obtaining replacement diskettes,
PAGE 7
and the further cost of paying a
service charge for same, sometimes
at a much more than nominal
figure.
Again, this situation is regret-
table, but it is also something we
have brought upon ourselves by
knowingly accepting and using,
from whatever sources, bootleg-
ged programs. If the situation gets
too far out of hand, the decreasing
returns to the talented program-
mers who have created such excel-
lent pieces of software as Visicalc
and Program Line Editor will turn
their talents to other fields, and we
shall be the poorer for it.
It is not too late to stem, if not
turn, the tide. When you accept
and use a piece of pirated software,
you are an accessory after the fact.
It makes no difference whether we
are talking about a $9.95 game ora
$700 Controller. Theft is theft, and
we can not mince words. You have
paid how much — $1000, $2000,
$3000 — for your Apple II, one of
the world’s finest and most
powerful microcomputers, Is_ it
worth the resultant damage to the
industry to save a few bucks?
Automated Simulations.
money. So
can you!”
Ifyou have an Apple, Pet or TRS-80 microcomputer," you can
have fantasy at your fingertips with Epyx computer games from
Like me, you're probably really into games, all sorts of games.
But an Epyx game is more than a game —
it's a chance to use your computer for something other than work.
The great thing about Epyx games is that you have a choice.
Whether you're a beginner or an.expert, you can find games that
are easy to learn. Challenging. Fun to play for twenty minutes or
"Ican rescue fen prisoners
slay a mad wizard, retrieve
it's an experience, and
save money, too!
hours at a time. You can play these games over and over, | becouse
you're constantly trying new tactics and strategies.
I've already entered and re-entered a world of monsters and
misfits, demons and dwarves, trials, tribulations and treasures with
a.game called “Temple of Apshai’ Now it's my chance fo have fun
with three more games from Automated Simulations...and | can
With “Datestones of Ryn’ and ‘Morloc’s Tower’ | getto escape —
from booby-trapped mazes, find more treasures and zap more.
monsters. And with *Rescue at Rigel,’ | get to.
Tollah and free 10 prisoners.
Automated Simulations has a
of Ryn’ “Morloc’s Tower” and “Rese!
for just $49.95, a $70.00 v
for a limited time onl
local dealer today.
itwit the nasty High
The tricks our IBMS software
can make your Apple* do!
The small businessman has never had itso good, or
s0 easy. Because now there's our Interactive
Business Management System (IBMS) . . . which
lets your micro-computer perform ‘like a larger
unit, so you can mind, monitor and manage every
aspect of your business accounting.
A Full System
While it’s extremely easy to use, IBMS is a full
system to handle the full job. The ten program
modules ‘can ‘generate everything from the
original invoice to the final profit/loss statements,
plus many peripheral. operations. The special
Menu includes: System Start-up. Accounts Re-
ceivable. Accounts Payable. Perpetual Inventory.
Payroll. Fixed Assets. General Ledger. Plus Mailing
Labels, and an Appointments Calendar.
Save Maximum Time
Since IBMS is a totally interactive system, multiple-
entering of data is eliminated. Make an entry in
one area and it automatically updates all con-
cerned areas! No duplication of effort, no wasted
time, no problems.
Proven. And then some.
It took 3 years to develop IBMS, including shake-
down and on-site testing. As a result, it’s reliable
and versatile and its documentation is thorough
and easily understandable. No wonder we con-
sider it 5 years ahead of anything else available to
the Apple II user.
Introductory Offer
The complete IBMS software package, on mini-
floppy disks, documentation, and the backing of
Programma International, Inc. is offered for a
limited time at the Introductory Price of $1495.00.
You'll be amazed how it can satisfy you .. . by
saving you time, effort, money and employee
growth.
bis WG
PROGRAMMA
PROGRAMMA INTERNATIONAL, INC.
2908 N. Naomi Street, Burbank, Ca 91504
(213) 954-0240
* Apple is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc
WINTER 1980
FROM THE EDITOR’S
THE APPLE ORCHARD
NOTEBOOK
SCRATCHPAD
RAVINGS
ASSISTANT
ASYLUM
SELECT ONE
By
Select One. The title of this
feature was well chosen. This is the
section to which the reader may
turn and obtain a tad more
information about the featured
stories in this magazine, a few tan-
talizing hints of the valuable
material inside.
Our first task normally is to dig
into the feature story and then
move on to some of the interesting
articles, but this time the reader will
have to wait for a moment as we
take time to talk a bit about the
International Apple Core, its pub-
lication Apple Orchard, and to
chide, in fact, scold, some of the
IAC member clubs.
The Orchard is the official
publication of the IAC, a group
formed to serve the needs of Apple
Computer user groups world wide,
and representing near 20,000
individual Apple users, a most
respectable number, and a_ fair
share of all Apples sold. The IAC
offers a multitude of services to its
membership, much of it either free
or onacost basis. Major funding for
IAC activities is through the sales of
advertising and bulk dealer copies
of the Orchard.
Producing the Orchard requires
a constant flow of editorial mate-
rial, which is generated from three
primary sources: material from
Apple Computer, Inc., for the
Contact section, reprints of partic-
ularly significant articles from the
various club newsletters, and fresh
stories and programs submitted by
individuals, and user groups on
behalf of their members. A page
rate of $25 per printed page is paid
upon request.
the Editor
As we are responsible to provide
services to our member clubs, so
too are they obligated to furnish
the Orchard with material, and it is
to this subject we must now address
ourselves. There can not be
another issue of the Orchard
without a vast influx of suitable
material, and as you read this, the
deadline is already upon us. A small
effort by each member club would
provide hundreds of pages worth
of stories in a matter of days.
Featured in this Winter issue of
the Apple Orchard is Pete Rowe’s
“A BASIC to Machine Language
Interface”. Pete’s article and four
programs show how to use DOS’s
RWTS routines from both Integer
and Applesoft Basics, a quite simple
procedure, once you understand
how it all fits together.
The lead story in Apple
Computer’s Contact section by J.D.
Eisenberg and Andy Hertzfeld,
“Inside the Silentype Firmware”, is
similarly interesting, just what you
need to know to perform some
fancy stunts with your Silentype
printer.
Bob Clardy, along with a host of
others from Apple Pugetsound
have come up with some neat
modifications to Mark Capella’s
““Applesoft Program Listing
Formatter” which previously
appeared in Call -Apple, while
Frank Evans from the Apple
Portland group presents some
noteworthy instructional informa-
tion in “Using USR”, the little
known Applesoft function, and
Randy Hyde of the Original Apple
Core in Los Angeles has
contributed “Locations of Interest
PAGE 9
to Pascal and 6502 Users’. in
addition, our overseas clubs are
represented by Ron Haines from
the New South Wales, Australia
group with “Notes About the
UCSD Assembler’’.
Rounding out the Contact
section, “Woz”, one of the original
partners of Apple Computer, Inc.,
offers a short Assembly Language
“Binary to Decimal Shortcut’, Jo
and Charlie Kellner demonstrate
“Converting Strings to Numeric
Variables” in Pascal, and other
stories feature the Dow-Jones
package, “Saving and Loading
Arrays in Applesoft” and a
collection of other subjects of
interest.
FRUIT OF THE EARTH
by Kyrene Gould
BL Systems, LTD.
Birmingham, England
Slowly the dusky dawn lists
and scrolling upwards,
gently reveals the bruised crimson
of the ever present Apple.
With speed of ten, it rises,
to output its knowing silicon rays
into the darkened atmosphere
of minds.
Manipulable, yet master,
it saves those who would run;
and works with careful control,
characterizing their output,
and filing for future reference,
their mode and format.
Thus daily, it continues,
monitoring, and driving forward
manipulating, dating and
translating.
Ever constant in its bitten,
colored hue.
Ever present at the core of all
memory
now and in future time.
It computes unceasingly, until,
with day’s demise,
its lifetime is broken with flick
of switch,
and it hangs,
once more lifeless,
until tomorrow’s dawn.
“NIBBLE IS TERRIFIC”
(For Your Apple)
W234 NIBBLEIS: The Reference for Apple computing!
r Nace Be) NIBBLEIS: One of the Fastest Growing new Magazines in
MaeNee the Personal Computing Field.
NIBBLE I$: Providing Comprehensive, Useful and
Instructive Programs for the Home, Small Business, and
Entertainment.
NIBBLE IS: A Reference to Graphics, Games, Systems
Programming Tips, Product News and Reviews, Hardware
Construction Projects, and a host of other features.
NIBBLES: A magazine suitable for both the Beginner and
the Advanced Programmer.
Each issue of NIBBLE features significant new Programs of Commercial Quality. Here’s
what some of our Readers say:
— “Certainly the best magazine on the Apple II”
— “Programs remarkably easy to enter”’
— “Stimulating and Informative; So much so that this is the first computer magazine I’ve
subscribed to!””
— “Impressed with the quality and content.”
— “NIBBLE IS TERRIFIC!”
In coming issues, look for:
CJ Numeric Keypad Construction Lab (] Assembly Language Programming Column
C Pascal Programming Column [_] Data Base Programs for Home and Business
C Personal Investment Analysis ] Electronic Secretary for Time Management
C The GIZMO Business Simulation Game
—Asia and elsewhere $15.00
© 1980 by MICRO-SPARC., INC. Lincoln, Mass. 01773. All rights reserved.
“Apple Ils a registered trademark of Apple Computer Company
And many many more! Pees eee eee eee
NIBBLE is focused completely H nibble No.4 :
on the Apple Computer systems. BH B0x325, Lincoln, MA. 01773 (617) 259-9710 c
Buy NIBBLE through your local _ i I'll try nibble! H
pple Dealer or subscribe now with 1 Enclosed is my $15 (for one year). I
ea CONDON DEO: § Cleheck (J money order '
Try a NIBBLE! (Please allow 4 to 6 weeks for delivery of Ist issue) |
B BACK ISSUES of NIBBLE are available for |
BJ 82.00 + .50 postage and handling 1
4 Name i
-
NOTE: BH Address. i
First Clas or Air Mails required forall APO. FPO and all foreign addresses
withthe following additonal amounts | |
—USA, Canada, Mexico, APO, FPO $7.50 City i
Cental and South America 8.00 i
Europe $12.00 BH State Zip. i
| |
L a
WINTER 1980,
THE APPLE ORCHARD
PAGE 11
A BASIC TO MACHINE LANGUAGE
The Integer and Applesoft Basic
languages provide good working
environments for creating struc-
tured, readable code. But for some
applications, neither BASICs can
provide a needed function or fast
execution speed. | am not begin-
ning to make a case for developing
all programs in a more primitive
language (on the Apple, 6502 ma-
chine or assembly code). But |
would like to convince you to use
either Integer or Applesoft Basic
and machine code together to
create a more powerful working
environment than either of the
languages could provide separate-
I
y.
Specifically, Integer Basic or
Applesoft is well suited for control-
ling input and output. With the
INPUT and PRINT statements, a
programmer can easily and quickly
code the interactive processes for a
given application. But using either
BASIC, he could NOT, for example,
play a tune using the Apple’s
speaker or directly access user-
specified, random sectors on an
Apple II diskette without employ-
ing a machine language routine. To
reduce all coding to machine lan-
guage would place an unnecessary
burden on the programmer and
could result in excessive develop-
ment time and_hard-to-modify
software. My proposal: Join an
interactive BASIC language shell to
a machine language, computa-
tional viscera.
To invoke machine code from
INTERFACE
by Pete Rowe
Computer-Advanced Ideas, Berkeley
either BASIC is easy: Use the CALL
statement. In many cases we also
need to pass numeric or string data
to and from the machine code. In
the case of sound generation, we
need to pass at least pitch and
duration values. There are perhaps
three classifiable methods of pass-
ing data between BASIC and ma-
chine code:
(A) POKEing values directly into
memory. Example:
100 INPUT P,D:POKE O,P:
POKE 1,D:CALL 768
Refer to page 45 of the Apple II
“Red” Reference Manual, Jan
78
Passing values in fixed locations
in the BASIC variable table:
0 PITCH=0:DUR=0:REM
MANDATORY FIRST VARIA
BLE ASSIGNMENT
100 INPUT PITCH,DUR:
CALL 768
(C) Passing values just by name in
the BASIC variable table:
100 INPUT PITCH,DUR:
CALL 768:REM NO PREVI
OUS ASSIGNMENTS
NECESSARY
s
(A) and (B) above are examples of
passing values by location. POKE-
ing, (A), is the simplest method, but
is vulnerable to code changes
(moving or altering the machine
code could change all of the BASIC
reference address) and does not
promote very readable software.
Passing values in a fixed location is
an improvement, but places a con-
straint on the programmer to assign
all the value-passing variables first
and in a specified order. Program-
mer’s Aid #1 uses this method for
functions one and eight: Re-
number and High-Resolution
Graphics. If the programmer wish-
es to add more than one machine
code routine to his BASIC program,
using method (B), he would have to
modify the second and all succes-
sive machine code routines to
accept variable placement in dif-
erent positions in the BASIC var-
iable table.
Method (C) is my recommenda-
tion: Assign BASIC variables, nu-
meric or string, as needed and at
any time. Therefore, the variables
can appear anywhere in the BASIC
variable table, which is truly passing
values by name and not location.
This method offers two additional
features: (1) Variables not needed
for passing data to the machine
code need not be assigned by the
BASIC program. The machine code
can create the missing BASIC var-
iable and assign a value before
returning to the BASIC program.
And (2), the bulk of the overhead to
find and create a BASIC variable is
procured from the host language.
Namely, the same code that creates
and assigns variables during the
execution of a BASIC program is
used by the machine language
code.
PAGE 12
The following four source listings
demonstrate two functions each in
Integer Basic and Applesoft. The
first routine supplies the missing
CHR$ function for Integer Basic.
The CHR FP routine that follows is
included to demonstrate variable
passing in Applesoft even though
Applesoft already contains a CHR$
function.
gn
4%
‘5% CHR FUNCTION FOR INTEGER BASIC
6%
7% PETE ROWE JULY 1980
gt
9% — COMPUTER-ADVANCED INEAS
10¢
ut
12 eT B
Bs
“it
15! ORE $300
16 OBJ $6300
ut
Bt
19% BASIC FIND POINTER TO LOCATIO
WOOF VARIABLE VALUE
nt
ar
2FIND = EQU $E677
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25 & VARIABLE POINTER AND IBASIC NO
UASTK
et
at
28 VARPNT «EDU $F
29 NOUNSTKH EQU $97
wr
aes
32 & IWTECER BASIC PACE ZERO LOCATIO
WS TO BE SAVE & RESTORED
Be
ue
3 VERBNOW ED) $6
3G PRINOM «EDN $07
DPM Fou $£0
THE APPLE ORCHARD
38 PXH EQN $E1
or
Ot
AL START = TXA SSAVE = X-REC
42 PHA
434
44 & SAVE IBASIE ZPACE POINTERS
Ht
oy LOA VERBNOW
7 PHA
48 LOA PRINOW
” PHA
» LOA PXL
a PHA
74 LDA PXH
3B PHA
HE
Bt
% JSR FINDCHR LOCATE CHR
VARIABLE
vt
Bt
# PHA SSAVE IT
6
61s
62 JSR FINBCHRSTR LOCATE €
HRS VARTABLE
Bt
at
6 PLA SRETRIEVE CHR VALUE
66 &
at
8 STA ($6F ¥ STORE AT CH
RS VALUE LOCATION
ot
Wt
nt
ne
73 RESTORE PLA sRESTORE IBASIC ZPA
CE UALUES
hy STA PXH
B PLA
1 STA PXL
7 PLA
B STA PRIN
n PLA
® ‘STA VERBNOW
81s
82 PLA
8 TAX GRESTORE X-REC
cd RTS RETURN 10 IBASIC
t=
8
a AST 25
Bt
9s
WINTER 1980
9 % FIND CHR ANB FIND CHRS SUBROUT
1S
nt
2%
53 ST B
me
95 FINDCHR JSR FIWBVAR
% ASC °CHRY (HSB
ow
W HEX 00
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100 FIMOCHRSTR JSR FINDVAR
101 ASC "CHR"
102 HEX 00 ‘8’
103%
104%
105 ST 35
106
107%
108 & FIND VARIABLE: NAME STORED AFT
1
207 ¢ JSR, VALUE OF VARIABLE RETURN
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110
its
2 ast
M3
114 FINDUAR PLA
5 STA PXL
116 PLA
47 STA PXH = NAME POINTE
R OW STACK - 1
8 +
119 8 PX=PXt1
1%
121 INC PXL
12 WE FIN
123 INC PXH
14%
125 % IBAGIC FIND LOCATES VARIABLE W
AME POINTED TO BY PXL»PXH
126 % FIND RETURNS VALUE POINTER IN
WOUNSTKL SH
vt
128 FINDY «ISR FIND
we
130 & MOVE HICH BYTE OF ABDRESS FROM
NOUNSTKH TO VARPHTH
Bit
132 LOA WOUNSTKH IBASIC YAR
PHTH
13 STA UARPNT1
1% uy
15 LOA (VARPHT)sY LOAD YAR
TABLE VALUE
13% aS
|
WINTER 1980
:
ee
SESse eS rs
SRSAKSsaRne
BrSQasaasse
SBARLATBS SS
BUOCRBRSRRE
GRRKSERBSRATS
SESSSEsSER
SxYSessseeee
BSRSSRSNS
34
4a
5% CHR FUNCTION FOR APPLESOFT BA
SIC
6t
7% PETE ROWE JULY 1
98
gt
9% COMPUTER-ADVANCED IDEAS BERKE
LEY
10t
us
12 AST 25
13%
we
iS ORC $300
Cy OH $7000
17
18%
19%
20%
21% APPLESOFT FIND POINTER TO LOCA
TION OF VARIABLE VALUE
2s
Bt
24 PTREET «=EQU SDFES
Bt
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‘27 & APPLESOFT PAGE ZERO ADDRESSES
Be
at
30 VARTYP EQU $11
31 TEMP EDU «S10
RPS «EDU SIE
33 UARPHT «EDU $83
3A CHRCET «EDU SBI
SS TXTPTR EDU $88
wt
ve
Bt
3 LOA TXTPIR SSAVE
TXTPTR LOW & HIGH BYTES
THE APPLE ORCHARD
0 STA TPSAY
4“ LDA TXTPTRH
4 STA TPSAVHL
43%
u JSR FINOCH aFIND
CHE
6 Ww iY=L)
& LBA CUARPHT SY SCET LO
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a STA TEMP SA
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of SEQ RESTORE SLE CH
$0
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4 STA CIXIPTRsY sSAVE C
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38
SO RESTORE LOA TPSAV 5REST
ORE TXIPTR
7 STA TXTPTR
3B LDA TPSAVES
y STA TXIPTRHL
6) RIS
ot
at
63.8 FINDCH LOOKS FOR CHZ
st
65 FINDCH JSR FINDVAR
65 ASC CHL’ iC HSB
OFF)
67 HEX 00
68
69 & FINDCHS LOOKS FOR CHS
70%
71 FINDCHS JSR FINDVAR
72 ASC CHS’
B HEX 00
mt
Bt
76 ACTUAL ROUTINE THAT CALLS PTRE
ian
Wt
78% FINDVAR RETURNS FOR:
nt
80% A. MUMERICS UARPMT & TXTPTR PO
TINTING TO MUMERIC FIELD
81% B, STRINGS VARPHT POINTING TO
STR LENGTH &
$2 % TXTPTR POINTING TO
FIRST CHR IN STR,
83 &
PAGE 13
ue
85 ¢ 1, RETRIEVE POINTER TO USER'S
VARIABLE WAME
86% = AND INC THE POINTER TO POIN
T 10 THE FIRST CHR,
a7 8
88 FINDVAR PLA
8? STA TYTPTR
90 PLA
W STA TXTPTREL
92 INC TXTIPTR
93 BME CALLFP
4 INC TXIPTREL
8
96% 2, CALL APPLESOFT PTRCET TO LO
CATE FIRST BYTE AFTER RANE,
7%
98 CALLFP JSR PIRGET
9k
100 f (ArY WOM EQUALS UARPNT > UARPHTE
1)
101% 3, MOVE VARPHT TO TXTPTR
102 ¢
103 STA TXTPTR
106 STY TXIPTREL
105 &
106% 4. SET Y=0 ANB CHECK VARIABLE
TYPE.
107 ¢
108 uy #
19 BIT ARTYP
M10 BL FURTS SNUKE
RIC. EXIT WITH HIsLO IN (UARPHT bs
Y
mt
112 € STRING TYPES
yt
i JSR CHRGET SBYPAS
S LENCTH
5%
116 & REPLACE TXTPTR C/ STRPTR ADORE
$s
M17 &
8 LOA CIXTPTR SY
119 PAA STEN SA
VE LOW BYTE
120 WY
124 LOA (TXTPTRIs¥
12 STA TXIPTRH = © sSAVE S
TRPTR HICH BYTE
133 PLA
124 STA TXIPTR SAVE
STRPTR LOW BYTE
15 vey Y=)
126 &
(7 FVRTS = TS
SRETURN TO SECOND LEVEL JSR
|
PAGE 14
t
4 300, SB
300- 05 BB 85 IE AS BP 85 IF
308- 20 24 03 (8 Bi 93 85 1D
310-20 2B 03 Bi 83 FO 04 AS
S18- 1D OL BB OAS 1E 95 BB OAS
320- IF 85 BY 60 20 32 03 B
328-48 25 00 20 32 03:43 4B
330- 24 00 68 85 BB 68 85 BY
338- Ed BB DO 02 ES BP 20 E3
340- DF 85 BS 84 BY AO 00 24
348-11 10 OF 20 BL 00 Bt BB
350-48 C8 Bt B38 BS BF 68 85
358~ BS 88 40 06
How to use the CHR function:
(1) Integer Basic
(A) BLOAD CHR INT,A768
(B) Assign CHR variable a pos-
itive number between
128 and 255.
(C) CALL 768
CHR INT has now created and
assigned the string variable CHR$
the ASCII value you assigned to
CHR. Note that you could do this in
immediate mode or in a program
and you do not have to pre-assign
or dimension CHR$ before calling
CHR INT.
(2) Applesoft Basic
(A) BLOAD CHR FP,A768
(B) Let CH$=" ” (phony value)
(C) Assign CH% variable a pos-
itive value between 0
and 127.
(D) CALL 768
CHR FP has now created and
assigned CH$ the ASCII character
you had in CH%. CHR FP will also
work in immediate or program
mode.
In the DOS 3.2 and 3.3 manuals,
RWTS is described as a machine
language subroutine available to
“machine language program-
mers”. The following two routines
allow a BASIC programmer to use
RWTS to read, write or format a
diskette from Integer or Applesoft
Basic:
THE APPLE ORCHARD
TWTEGER BASIC TO RWTS INTERFA
PETE ROME ALY 1
“3
10 % COMPUTER-ADVANCED IDEAS: BERKE
uy
ut
ne
13 AST 25
wet
it
16% TO USE, ASSIGN
7t
18t
19% SL=LOCATION OF DISK CARD (=0
DEFAULTS
at TO CURRENT SLOT & DRIVE)
21% DReBRIVE 1 OR 2
2e TRK=d 10H
23% SEC=0 10 12
24% CHD=0 (LOCATE BUFFER)
Bt — =1 (READ A SECTOR)
2% «= =2 (URITE A SECTOR)
Zt —-=4 (FORMAT THE DISKETTE)
28% BUFSRAN ADDRESS OF 256 BYTE BU
FFER
yt CIF 0+ THEN BUFSCATALOG Bu
FFER)
wt
aus
32 RETURNED:
Bet
ue
3% & BUF=BUFFER LOCATION
36% ERR=DISK ERRORS ( HONE=0)
cm
38 & (FOR MORE DETAILS: REFER 10 DO
S$ 3.2 KAMAL)
Re
Oe
ae
yd ST 2
Bt
“Me
5 ORE $22
a WI $722
at
Bx
49% IBASIC FINO POINTER TO LOCATIO
WOOF VARIABLE VALUE
BE
Sit
FIND = -EQU SEG7IC
Be
WINTER 1980
lox od
VARIABLE POINTER AND IBASIC NO
g"5
g
z
NOUNSTKH EGU $97
INTEGER BASIC PAGE ZERO LOCATI
TO BE SAVED & RESTORED
“"g
:
EQU $B6
EQ $7
EQU $£0
FOU $61
DOS PAGE 3 ADDRESSES
MHSSSGRBCHR SBesssue ways
wm no gEs
Bt
$2 DRIVE
$3 VOLUME
8 BUFFER POIN
$B ERROR STATU
LAST SLOT A
LAST BRIVE
100 108 EU $48
108 FOR RYTS
1018
102%
103 8
POINTER TO
WINTER 1980
104 START = TXA SSAVE | X-REE.
165 PHA
106 %
107 % SAVE IBASIC ZPAGE POINTERS
108 &
109 LDA VERBNOW
110 PHA
Mt LBA PRINOU
m2 PHA
13 UA PX
14 PHA,
iS UA PX
16 PHA
wt
Ng JSR CETIOB CET ADDRESS
OF 108
ny STY 108 = SAVE IT
120 STA TOB+1
121 &
12%
13 JSR FINOBUF FIND BUFFER
VART ABLE
Ime
15%
126 TAX SWE BUF (LOM BY
TE)
17 Ww
128 UWA (UARPHT )rY
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BYTE #0
1 t
it
12 JSR CETCATBUF BUF=0» US
E CATBUF
13 PHA SVE CATBUF (HIC
W BYTE)
14 TYA
15 TK 5 CATBUF (LOW
! BYTE)
1% LY 4
17 STA (UARPHT)5Y CATBUF
(LOM >> BUF
138 Iw
139 PLA
BO STA (UARPNT)»Y CATBUF
(HIGH ->BUF
Mis
1428
143 STOREBUF LOY SIRBUFPH
14 STA (10B)°Y BUF (HICH B
YTE)->108
165 vey
146 TxA
Ww STA (10B)Y BUF (LOW BY
TE->108
18%
THE APPLE ORCHARD
149 4
m JSR FINDCHD FIND CHE UA
WUE
His
12s
Bix} EQ RESTORE USER CHD=0
mt
1Bs
156 LOY $IBCMD
17 STA (10B)s¥ SAVE IM 108
1B
198
160 JSR FINDS LOCATE SLOT
VALUE
161 &
162 EQ OL SLOT=0
163 8
164 ASL STINES 16
165 ASL
166 SL
7 SL
48 IWY i¥=1 — (@IBSLOT)
169 STA (10B)»Y SAVE IN JOB
70
ms
72 SR FINOOR LOCATE DRIV
E VALUE
3s
1% LOY SIBORVN
175 STA (10B)sY SWE IN 10B
176%
17%
78 TW0L LA
wy UY #1BV0L
190 STA (10B)s¥ VOLUNE=)
181%
182 ¢
183 JSR FINDTRK LOCATE TRAC
K WUE
14%
186 LUBY SIBTRK
186 STA (10B)sY
197 &
198 8
197 WSR FINDSEC
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191 UY #IBSECT
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1% $
1% 8
15 JSR FIMDERR
1% ¢
178
PAGE 15
1% SGR CETIOB PUT 108 INT
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19 JSR RATS
mt
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22 LOY SIBSTAT
roy LDA (10B)/¥ RETRIEVE 1B
STAT
mm uy #®
r] BCS ERROR RWIS BISK E
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6 t
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211 ERROR STA (UARPT )»Y STORE IB
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22¢
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as LA (108)9¥
26 LOY $108PSN
27 STA (108 )sY IOBPSN=IBSL
oT
28%
29%
mm LOY sIBORVH
m LDA (10B)sY
m BY $I0RPDN
wB STA (108 )sY IOBPDN=IB0R
WE
mt
wt
mt
27 RESTORE PLA SRESTORE IBASIC ZPA
CE OALUES:
2B STA PX
ma PLA
BD STA PXL
Bi PLA
mR STA PRINOW
B PLA
Dy STA VERBNOW
Bt
py PLA
aw TK 5 RESTORE X-R
£6
238 RS 5 RETURN TO T
BASIC
mt
mot
m1 st 5
42%
23 8
PAGE 16
24% FIND BUFs CHB» Sl» DR» TRK» SE
C AD ERR
BASIC YARIABLE VALUES
BSsses
C ed 7 6 tt
B2 ASC "BUF"
Bs HEX 00
mt
mt
256 FINDCAD «JSR FINDVAR
a ast * CHD"
BB HEX 00
mt
200 &
261 FINDS «JSR FINOVAR
262 CSL"
263 HEX 00
24 ¥
265%”
266 FINDBR «JSR FINDVAR
267 ASC "DR"
268 HEX 00
269 8
mt
271 FINOTRK JSR FINDVAR
m2 ASC“ TRK"
m HEX 00
mt
7%
276 FIVISEC JSR FINOVAR
a 480 “SEC
mB HEX 00
ne
mt
281 FIMERR JSR FINDVAR
282 ASC TERR
Bs HEX 00
mt
25%
mB OT 3B
wt
288 t
289 t FIND GARIABLEs WANE STORED AFT
&
20% JSR, VALUE OF VARIABLE RETURN
EB IN A-REC,
mat
mt
w% st B
mt
295 FINBUAR PLA
2% STA PX
m7 PLA
THE APPLE ORCHARD
Psi) STA PXH = =—WANE POINTE
R ON STACK - 1
mr
WO 8 PX=PXH
Mt
mw INC PXL
13 BE FIN
m4 IW PXH
WS t
6 & BASIC FIND LOCATES YARIABLE W
AME POINTED TO BY PXLsPXH
307 & FIND RETURNS VALUE POINTER IN
30%
SAL ¢ MOVE HIGH BYTE OF ADDRESS FROM
WOUNSTKH TO VARPHT#L
32%
BK LDA WOUNSTKH IBASIC YAR
PHTH
4 STA VARPNT+1
35 Ly 4%
36 LDA CUARPHT 9 LOAD VAR
TABLE VALUE
Ww Lucy
$22, MF
2- BA 48 AS Dé 48 05
2F8- D7 48 05 £0 48 45 El 48
JOO- 20 E3 03 84 48 85 49 20
308- 88 03 AA CB BI GF DO OE
M0- 20 DC 03 48 98 AAW 00
318- 91 OF CB 68 91 OF AO OF
320- 91 48 88 8A 91 48 20 OF
328- 03 FO 4E AO OC M1 48 20
330- 96 03 FO OE OA OA OA OA
338- (8 91 48 20 9 03 WO 02
340- 91 48 AP OO AO O3 91 48
HB- 20 AZ 03 AO 04 91 48
FS- AF 03 AO 05 91 48 20 BD
35B- 03 20 E3 03 20 BF 03 AO
360- 0B Bt 48 60 00 BO O1 98
348- 91 GF CB BI 48 AO OF 91
70- 48 0 02 Bi 48 W 10 91
W78- 48 68 85 El 68 85 EO 68
380- 85 D7 68 85 DS 68 AA 60
388- 20 B7 03 (2 BS C4 00 20
3?0- B7 03 C3 CB C4 00 20 87
398- 03 BS CC 00 20 B7 03 Ch
3A0- 32 00 20 B7 03 D4 D2 CB
AB- 0 20 87 03:03 G63
3B0- 20 B7 03 C5 02 B2 00 68
3B8- 85 £0 68 95 El £6 £0 DO
3CO- 02 E6 El 20 79 Eb 05 97
3CB- 5 70 Ad 00 Bi OF 60 DP
WINTER 1980
4t
‘5% APPLESOFT BASIC TO RWTS INTERF
4t
5%
16% TO USEs ASSION:
7%
188
19% SLZ=LOCATION OF DISK CARD (=)
DEFAULTS
at TO CURRENT SLOT & DRIVE)
21% DRIFDRIVE 1 OR 2
2% RK 10H
Bt SECO 10 12
26 ¢ CHDZ=0 (LOCATE BUFFER)
Bt — =t (READ A SECTOR)
2%% «= =2 (WRITE @ SECTOR)
27% = -=4 CFORHAT THE DISKETTE)
28 % BUFT=RAM ADDRESS OF 256 BYTE BU
FFER
pet (CIF 0» THEN BUF=CATALOG BU
FFER)
wt
ue
32% RETURNED:
ccm s
ut
3 $ DUFZ=BUFFER LOCATION
36 & ERRI=DISK ERRORS ( NOWE=0)
vt
38% (FOR MORE DETAILS REFER TO DO
S$ 3.2 HANUAL)
Ret
wr
ae
42 ST 5
Bt
“wt
6 ORG
% OB)
ve
et
Oe
wt
St & APPLESOFT FINS POINTER 70 LOCA
TION OF GARIABLE WANE
Re
$22
$782
WINTER 1980
OO WARTYP «EDU S11
oL TEMP = EQU $ID
EU $iE
FOU $93
64 CHRCET = EQU SBI
65 TXTPTR EQU $88
46
at
68% DOS PACE 3 ADDRESSES
ot
wt
7LWTS = EQ $309
72 CETCATBUF EQU $300
T3CETIOR EDU $383
we
Bt
76% 108 OFFSETS
Tk
Bt
FOOT EQU i
80 IBBRVH EQU $2
81 IBVOL «= EDU $3 VOLUE
$2 IBTRK «= EQU. $4 TRACK
93 IBSECT EQU $5 SECTOR
$4 IRBUFP = EQU $8 BUFFER POI
EU
SLOT
DRIVE
TR
85 IBCHD $C COMMAND
86 IBSTAT §EQU $b ERROR STATU
8
97 1OBPSH EDU SF
CCESSED
98 IOBPDN =EQU $10
ADDESSED
ot
HE
LAST SLOT A
LAST DRIVE
100 8
101 START «= LDA TXTPTR SAVE TXTPTR
LOM & HICH BYTES
102 STA TPSAV
THE APPLE ORCHARD
103 UWA TXIPTREL
16 STA TPSAVEL
165%
106%
107 JSR CETIOB CET ADDRESS
OF 108
108 St¥ 108 = SAVE IT
10? STA 10841
110
Mit
M2 JSR FINDBUF FIND BUFFER
VARIABLE
113%
48
5 TAX sSAVE BUF (LOW BY
Te)
116 bey
M7 LOA (UARPHT )s¥
8 BNE STOREBUF BUF (HICH
BYTE #0
19
120%
121 JSR CETCATBUF BUFZ=0s U
SE CATBUF
12 PHA 3SAVE —CATBUF (HIG
H BYTE)
123 TA
14 TAX sCATBUF (LOW BYTE)
15 wy 4
125 STA (UARPHT)sY CATBOF
(CLOWN )-> BUF
177 ney
128 PLA
19 STA CURRPHT)sY CATBOF
CHICH BUF
1% &
131 8
132 STOREDUF LBY = #IBBUFP HI
133 STA (10B)sY BUF CHICH B
YTE}->108
1% ag
15 ThA
136 STA CIOB)sY BUF (LOW BY
TE}? 108
Wt
1388 &
1? JSR FINOCHD FIND CHDZ V
LUE
wk
Mit
142 BEQ RESTORE USER CHOZ=0
13%
4
5 LOY SIBCHKD
16 STA ¢10B}s¥ SAVE IN 108
7
148
Ww
He
S5i!
1528
153
1%
1%
156
wv
(Yi)
1538 ¢
Ins
10
E VALUE
168 8
182
163
168
58
166 TVOL
1467
168
9
1698
70%
i”
K UALUE:
72%
173
174
15%
76%
7
178%
”y
180
181 t
182 &
183
14%
15%
185
O MY
17
188 8
187 8
199
1"
STAT
hed
RRORS
138
PAGE 17
JSR FIWDSL LOCATE SLOT
EO IWOL SL2=0
ASL STIMES 16
#8
4SL
ASL
STA (I0B)s¥ SAVE IN 108
JSR FINDDR LOCATE DRIV
IW i ¥=2)
STA (10B)s¥ SAVE IN 108
(Da 3
LY $IBV0L
STA (10B)s¥ SET VOLUMES
JSR FINOTRK LOCATE TRAC
UY #IBTRK
STA (10B)s¥
SR FINDSEC
LOY SIBSECT
STA {10B)sY
JGR FINDERR
SSR CETIOB’ PUT 108 INT
SR RUTS
LY sIBSTAT
LBA (10B)s¥ RETRIEVE IB
WS ERROR UTS DISK E
PAGE 18
1% 8
1% A ® FORCE IBSTA
io)
1% &
197%
198 LY 4
19 STA (UARPUT)sY STORE IB
STAT IW ERR
mt
mt
m2 LOA CIOB)sY (¥=1)
23 LBY $108PSN
Mm STA (10B)s¥ TOBPSN=IBSL
or
5 t
2%
yu LOY SIRDRUH
28 LOA (1OB)sY
y] LBY $I0BPDN
m0 ‘STA ¢10B)s¥ IOBPDNEIBDR
NM
mis
22%
38
216 RESTORE LDA TPS RESTORE TXT
25 STA TXTPTR
26 LOA TPSAVEL
27 STA TXTPTRH
218 RIS RETURN TO FP BASIC
mye
me
mI eT B
mt
we
224% FIND BUFLs CHBZ? SL2y BRZy TRK
Zs SECZ AND ERRE
Bt DASIC VARIABLE VALUES
26%
mt
BB st Bo
at
mt
Bl FINBBUF JSR FINDVAR
Bz ASC BUR’ (HSB
OFF)
BS HEX
At
Ht
336 FINDCHD JSR FINBUAR
aw ASC CHE’
ye) x 0
Be
mt
THE APPLE ORCHARD
241 FINBSL «JSR FINDVAR
242 ASC ‘SLU’
23 HEX 0
m4 t
mst
246 FINBOR «JSR FINDUAR
247 ASC DRE’
248 HEX 0
9
mt
231 FINDTRK JSR FINDUAR
32 ASC TRE’
3 HEX 00
mt
mt
256 FINBSEC JSR FINDVAR
a7 ASC SER’
28 HEX 00
29%
200 t
261 FINDERR JSR FINDVAR
262 ASC ERR’
263 HEX 00
264 &
265 &
266 & ACTUAL ROUTINE THAT CALLS PTRC
ET,
267 &
268 FINDUAR RETURNS FOR:
269 t
270% fy MURERICS UARPHT & TXTPTR PO
INTING TO MMERIC FIELD
274% By STRINGS VARPWT POINTING TO
‘STR LENGTH &
mt TXTPTR POINTING 70
FIRST CHR IN STR.
wt
met
73% 1, RETRIEVE POINTER TO USER'S
VARTABLE WANE
276% AND INC THE POINTER TO POIW
T TO THE FIRST CHR.
at
78 FIOUAR PLA
ay STA TXIPTR
20 PLA
21 STA TXIPTREL
282 WW TXPR
283 BRE CALLFP
rd IWC TXTPTRH
Bt
286 8 2. CALL APPLESOFT PTRCET 10 LO
CATE FIRST BYTE AFTER WANE.
237 &
28 CALLFP «JSR PTROET
WINTER 1980
239
290% (As¥ WOM EQUALS UARPNT »GARPHTS
1)
291. 3. OVE YARPHT TD TXTPTR
mt
Pai} STA TXIPTR
2% STY TXTPTREA
25%
296 & 4, CET LOW BYTE VALUE AND SET
Yet
27%
28 UY 41
a LBA CUARPHT s¥
wm RIS
$2, 13
2 05 BB 8S 1E
28- 8 AF 20 £3
30-49 20 7h 03
W8- DO OE 20 1C
310 AO O1 91
38-09 FL
320- 20 81
s
&
BAXRRASRSEVSHRSRSS
SRBSESSHSSHRSSSSSELARSSSESSERES
SABSANPRSSASRENDSASLBA
BRESSSRUBYAABRAEZSARSSEATES
SSASSUSRARSSSESSSAPSSSSRSRABSS
BSSRSVSRHARSRSSVSRAS SLL SEE
SBVBRRFASSVSRARSSESPVSERSLSEREAR
FRESE SEE ESS
FUSHUASSSBS
To use the Integer Basic machine
language interface, you need only
to:
(1) BLOAD RWTS INT,A754
(2) TRK=track number between 0
and 34
WINTER 1980
(3) SEC=sector number between 0 and 12 (or 15 for
DOS 3.3)
(4) CMD=1 (for read), and
(5) CALL 754
RWTS INT will assume you are using the same slot
(SL) and drive (DR). If you care to change them, assign
SL and DR legal values before calling RWTS INT. If you
do not assign BUF a value for the RAM address of
where you want the sector data to go, then RWTS INT
will assign you an internal buffer in high RAM and put
your sector data there and leave you the address in
BUF. Any errors on reading, writing or formatting will
be returned in ERR. To use the Applesoft version,
postfix all the variable names with % (percent). Now
you can build your own DISK ZAP!
SAMPLE INTEGER BASIC PROGRAM
10 INPUT “SLOT=”",SL optional
20 INPUT “DRIVE=”, DR optional
30 INPUT “TRACK=”, TRK
40 INPUT “SECTOR=”, SEC
50 INPUT “COMMAND(1=READ, 2=WRITE)=", CMD
60 INPUT “BUFFER=", BUF optional
70 CALL 754
Now BUF=address of 256 bytes read in (if CMD=1) from
SL, DR and TRK, SEC. If Err= 0 now, then no errors.
interactive Video
¢ Integrate the full computer power of the Apple*
with the audiovisual impact of videotape using
same TV screen
Branch to any point on the videotape from key-
board or program command
Provide a sophisticated teaching/training
system or an audiovisual procedure manual
Offer a sophisticated audio-visual database
searchable by keyword, integrated with your
card catalogue, etc.
Available in Applesoft or PASCAL. Authoring
systems that match your needs. Frame accurate
stops and switches, no accumulated error.
Cavii
SYSTEMS, INC.
26 Trumbull Street, New Haven, CT 06511
(203) 562-4979
*TM - Apple Computer Co
THE APPLE ORCHARD
PAGE 19
IMPROVE
Your Data Entry!
With ABT Apple’ Peripherals
™
KeyPad © Used for entering nu-
meric data, it is essential to
business applications. It features
an accountants keyboard lay-
out and permits a relaxed arm
position.
BarWand™ Compatible
with U.P.C., Paperbyte”,
LabelCode and others. It sells
Point-of-Sale inventory
systems, but is also useful in
libraries, factories and for
security. a
SoftKey™ A great programmer's
aid, this features single key string
entry and also customized key
functions.
Available from your local Apple * Dealer
=-s>= ADVANCED BUSINESS
—= TECHNOLOGY, INC.
12333 Saratoga Sunnyvale Road, Saratoga, California 95070 408/446-2013
“Trademark of APPLE COMPUTER, INC. “Trademark of McGRAW-HILL
Selectric® Interface System
Easny interfaced to any IBM Selectric I,
II, or TIL.
TOP spinning your wheels. Letter qual-
ity at an affordable price.
ONNECTS via Parallel or RS-232, ac-
commodates varied handshaking
On $575 to $599. Dealer inquiries in-
vited.
Niw design provides added features.
ESCON Products, Inc.
12919 Alcosta Blvd.
San Ramon, Ca., 94583
(415) 820-1256
SYNERGISTIC
SOFT WARE
fresenls
GREAT ~-APVENTURES
Great adventure games utilizing the Apple’s graphic capabilities.
DU
Explore the intricate complexities of a dungeon whose
four levels are interconnected by stairways and pits.
The dungeon is populated by numerous dragons, spec-
tres, serpents, necromancers, dwarfs, elves, and an in-
credible variety of monsters. The inhabitant’s varying
powers and methods of attack will keep you guessing
as your party searches the labyrinth for treasure and
an assortment of useful magical devices. Try to col-
lect your fortune and escape the dungeon before your
party is destroyed.
Requires 32K APPLE and a color display. Cassette
version is $15.00; Disk version is $17.50. Integer
or Applesoft.
WILDERNESS CAMPAIGN
A surface apventure of even greater variety in which
you move across the HIRES map of Draconia explor-
ing ancient ruins, tombs, temples, and castles. Equip-
ment and weapons can be purchased in village markets.
Proper equipment will enable you to survive the num-
erous obstacles and hazards such as crevasses, quick-
sand, volcanos, avalanches, and hostile inhabitants. As
you progress, you will gather enough men, weapons,
and magical assistance to challenge the Great Necro-
mancer’s fortress itself.
Requires 48K. Cassette version is $17.50; Disk version
is $20.00. Integer or Applesoft.
Get both Apventures on 1 disk for $32.50.
ODYSSEY: _THE COMPLEAT_APVENTURE
Odyssey is the ultimate adventure game for the Apple. Explore
desolate islands of the dread Sargalo Sea. Learn how to enter
the deserted castles, tombs, ruins, and other buildings in search
of their treasures. Use your gold to buy weapons and supplies
you need for your quest. With enough gold, you can buy a
ship and set sail. Face pirates, monsters, storms, demon haun-
ted dungeons, bandits, warlocks, sea serpents, and hundreds of
other hazards before you try for the ultimate prize, the
High One’s vacant throne.
Odyssey utilizes the full capabilities of the Apple with its 3
interlocking programs; detailed and colorful high-res maps,
sound effects, and varied animation effects.
Requires 48K and disk. Integer_only, $30.00
DOOM CAVERN
Doom Cavern is a high-resolution graphics version of the classic
“Dungeon and Dragons” type games. Set up the persona
(strength, intelligence, charisma, etc.) of your players with dice
rolls, then venture forth into the dungeons of Hammardoom
Castle. With perserverance, some luck, and reasoning, you can
win treasures and survive to explore the dungeon.
SORCERER'S CHALLENGE
A high-res duel for supremacy between two mighty sorcerers
using all their devastating spells. Strategic and tactical plan-
ning are required to outwit and defeat your opponent.
Both games available on 1 disk. Requires 48K, Integer only,
$20.00.
The high-resolution}
graphics and text
for these games
were done using
our graphics utili-
ties, HIGHER
GRAPHICS II
and HIGHER
TEXT. Add
high-resolution
effects to your
own programs.
Each program
available on disk
in Integer and
Applesoft. Each
program $35.00.
1. DUNGEON CAMPAICH
2. VILDEEHESS CAMPAIGH
CHOOSE ONE.
Available at your local dealer or send check or inquiry to
SYNERGISTIC SOFTWARE, 5221 - 120th Ave. S.E. Bellevue, WA 98005, (206) 641-1917
WA residents add_5.3% sales tax.
WINTER 1980
THE APPLE ORCHARD
PAGE 21
APPLESOFT PROGRAM
LISTING FORMATTER
The Applesoft Program List
Formatter originally appeared in
the May 1980 issue of CALL —
APPLE and was written by Mark
Capella. A simple but clever
program, it formats listings of
Applesoft programs for improved
readability and logical comprehen-
sion. The program was added to,
modified, crunched, and played
with by a number of A.P.P.L.E.
programmers*, but Mark’s original
concept is still its major feature.
Briefly, the original program
performed the following
functions:
1) Global indenting of FOR-
NEXT statements.
2) Local indenting of IF-THEN
statements.
3) Single statements are put on
single lines.
4) ‘LET’ is added before assign-
ment statements.
5) Successive REM statements
are grouped together.
6) Titles and dates are allowed.
7) List to screen or printer.
Functions that were added include:
8) Stop list with continue or
abort option.
Paging of printout with title,
user name, date, and page
number at the top of each.
Print statements, REMs, and
DATA statements that go
beyond one line do not
break in the middle of a
word..
9
10)
by Robert C. Clardy
11
Optional indent capability
(to allow binding of output).
Optional extra line skips
between statements or lines
(for markups).
Lines, statements, and bytes
are counted and displayed
12
13
14) Start/stop list at any line
number.
15) Return to original program
when finished.
16) Column print width for hard
copy.
+Jim Morrissett, Robert C. Clardy, Chris
on the screen.
Anson, and Val Golding
HI-RES ADVENTURE *1
Your APPLE computer becomes your eyes and ears as you enter
a spooky old mansion in search of treasure. You are in complete
control as you open cabinets, smash walls etc. Danger is ever
present as you find your co-adventurers being murdered one by
one. Can you find the killer before the killer finds you?
@ OVER A HUNDRED HI-RES PICTURES.
@ YOUR GAME MAY BE SAVED FOR LATER CONTINUANCE
© RUNS ON BOTH 48K APPLE II AND APPLE II PLUS
Hi-Res Adventure *1 is available now at your local computer
store and requires a disk drive. To order directly send $24.95 to:
On-Line Sytems
36575 Mudge Ranch Road
Coarsegold, CA 93614
209-683-6858
VISA, MST CHG, COD, CHECK ACCEPTED
Look for Hi-Res Football coming soon
>
aaa
PAGE 22
! To use the Listing Formatter, you
! must enter and save the two pro-
grams listed. MAKE FP LIST, when
run, will create an EXEC file called
FP LIST. This file is used to start the
whole process. The user simply
loads his Applesoft program and
types EXEC FP LIST. FP LIST hides
and protects your existing pro-
gram, then loads and runs the
PROGRAM LISTING FORMATTER.
The user will be prompted by the
FORMATTER for his choice of the
options listed above. The FOR—
MATTER then PEEKs at the pro-
gram to be listed one byte ata time,
interpreting each and producing its
logically formatted listing.
When this style of listing is first
seen, it looks peculiar and may take
some getting used to. After some
use, however, the visual grouping
of statements within FOR-NEXT
loops and after IF-THEN statements
makes for much readier logical
comprehension. PRINT, REM and
DATA statements are easier to read,
without annoying splits between
words at the end of each line. Each
new statement is on a new line,
ILIST
1 REM
FP LIST FORMATTER
2 PLZ = 60% GOTO 96
4 BY =
(3)
12 RETURN
13 RETURN
16 10% = tO% + 1
PEEK (PR)3PB = PB + 1iNB = 22
NB - 1$ IF NB > 1 THEN RETURN
6 NB = NE - 1% GOSUB 28:
71% CALL 651613 PRINT $ PRINT 28
3? PRINT “RETURN TO ORIGINAL
PROGRAM (Y/N)?"$ GET ASS IF $ PRINT L%s% HTAB 18% PRINT
A$ = "Y" THEN POKE 103% PEEK
(0% POKE 1045 PEEK (1): POKE
175» PEEK (2)% POKE 1769 PEEK «
CALL 651 26
8 PRINT $ PRINT "OK."% END
10 IF LP = 0 THEN POKE 3698 + M
Gx + IN + TIN? PRINT ¢
14 PRINT ¢ PRINT SPC< 12 + MGZ)
$LP = 13 + MGZELCZ = LOX +
THE APPLE ORCHARD
allowing a quick grasp of all
statements in each line.
Assignments are easier to spot. The
program even highlights some
programming errors such as extra
or missing NEXT statements. (Try
some; they stand out vividly.)
(overall, program compreshension,
debugging, and readability are
greatly enhanced.
Note that in specifiying printer
column width, this value may be
exceeded by the number of
characters in a given Applesoft
token, less one. This is due to the
effect of the Applesoft parsing
routine. For example, if you have
entered 64 as the maximum
number of characters per line, and
the command “RETURN” started
on the 63rd character position,
then that line would be 70
characters long. Accordingly,
allowances should be made.
The user should be aware of two
features. First, line 2 contains the
variable PL% (page length). This
may need to be varied to
accomodate some printers/paper
size. Secondly, when starting a list
18 X =
WINTER 1980
in the middle of alengthy program,
there is a moderate delay while the
program steps byte-by-byte up to
the beginning line before starting
to list. Don’t hit RESET, it will get
there shortly. Key variables for
subsequent modifiers are:
LN% = line number
MG% = margin indent
IN = indent for FOR-NEXT
loops
TIN — = indent for IF-THENs
LC% = current line count
PL% = page length
BY = byte value
PB = byte pointer
NB = number of bytes left
N1 = total number of bytes
LP = characters printed this
line
LL% = line length
PR% = printer slot or call
number
PN% = page number
RF = REM flag
QF = Quote flag
SRF = single REM flag
(continued on page 27)
PEEK (36)$ FOR I = LCx 10
70% PRINT
$ NEXT I
20 PN% = PNX + 1% PRINT ¢ PRINT T
I$$$ POKE 369LL% - 83 PRINT
“PAGE "$PNZ$ PRINT FI$s$ POKE
36esLL% - 83 PRINT DAS"
EY MARK CAPELLA ANI! OTHERS
"3LCZ = 10%
POKE 36*X? PRINT §% RETURN
IF PRZ > O AND PRZ < 9 THEN PRINT
DS" PRE" PRAS
24 IF PR% > 10 THEN CALL PRZ
RETURN
C37
CALL 65171: CALL 6516121 =
VIAB 2% HTAB 73 INVERSE
PEEK
$%5$ HTAB 28: PRINT Ni — NB?
NORMAL
- 16384) < 127 THEN GOSUB
VTAB I+ 1% IF PEEK
22% RETURN
30 ~POKE
- 16368903 PRINT "
PRESS ESC TO TERMINATEs ANY OTHER
KEY TOCONTINUE’: GET AS? IF
AS =
CHR$ (27) THEN 6
32 VTAB PEEK (37) - 3: CALL -
956: GOSUB 22: RETURN
34 GOSUB 28%
FOR I = 1 TO Ji PRINT
17, «IF LOZ < PL% OR NOT PR% THEN $ NEXT TSLCx = LOX +t Jt Cs =
0)? GOSUB 17% RETURN
RETURN
WINTER 1980 THE APPLE ORCHARD PAGE 23
36 LP = OTT = OFAF = ORF = O02 COSUB
43x = BY: GOSUB 4:X = BY k 2
56 + X
38 GOSUB 43X = BY! GOSUB 43LNZ =
X + BY * 256% IF LNZX > STX THEN
44
40 GOSUB 43 IF BY THEN 40
42 GOTO 346
44 IF EN% ANDI LNZ > ENZ THEN 6
46 J = S1%% GOSUR 43 IF NOT BY THEN
GOSUB 34: GOTO 38
48 IF NOT SRF THEN GOSUB 34: IF
BY = 178 THEN SRF = 1
50 IF SRF AND BY < > 178 THEN S
RF = 03 GOSUB 34
52 PRINT SPCC MGZ)S5LNZ$SL% = LX
+ 138% = SZ + 1% COTO 54
54 GOSUB 43 IF NOT BY THEN J =
$1%% GOSUB 34% GOTO 36
56 IF BY > 127 THEN 80
58 IF LP = 0 AND NOT RF AND NOT
TF THEN GOSUB 10% PRINT "LE
T "5
60 IF BY = 58 THEN PRINT " "5
62 IF TF THEN GOSUE 10
64 #IF LP = 0 AND BY = 32 THEN 54
66 PRINT CHRS (BY)5¢LP = LP + 1
$ IF LP > LL% - S AND (BY =
32 OR BY = 44) THEN GOSUB 1 THE WIZARD AND THE PRINCESS
4 HI-RES ADVENTURE #2
68 IF BY = 13 THEN GOSUB 146? IF
QF THEN PRINT SPCC 15)53LP Only ON-LINE SYSTEMS could deliver a HI-RES
= 16 ADVENTURE game on such an epic scale. In this adventure you
70 IF BY = 34 THEN QF = NOT QF find you must do battle against an evil wizard in order to save the
72 TE BY < > 58 OR (OF) OR RF THEN | ASU Mise et tas ela wn
ite: beasts. Y« vill be forced le
74 SZ = S% + 1% COSUB 43 IF BY = SiaglG; Havigate at eee cad dig for Geasure: This gene otioala
58 AND LC% > PL% THEN GOSUB pride months of ooveniute:
18 @ HUNDREDS OF HI-RES PICTURES (looks great on b/w and
= t color televisions)
76 OS > S7ShAHEM SD = (S227, GOSUB © FULL 21-COLOR!! HI-RES GRAPHICS (each room a work of
tLe = an)
78 GOTO 56 @ YOUR GAME MAY BE SAVED FOR LATER CONTINUANCE
80 TF = 03 IF LP > 0 THEN PRINT @ RUNS ON BOTH 48K APPLE II AND APPLE II PLUS
aa BY FAR THE MOST AMBITIOUS GRAPHIC GAME EVER
82 IF BY = 130 THEN IN = IN - 4 WRITTEN FOR THE APPLE!
84 GOSUB 10$I = BY - 1273 PRINT ‘auiiencie 2 _ Tes
gu mee = i] enture *2 is avail le now at your local comy
biker eam + ete eS : feN store and requires a disk drive. To order directly send #32.
23
S THEN GOSUB 14 Satecomens ner
= : Mudge Rancl
86 IF I = 2 THEN IN = IN + 4% REM er ech aosLA
. 209-683-6858
8 TE ATTN THEN Fa Nikon y onne VISA, MST CHG, COD, CHECK ACCEPTED
nh Look for Hi-Res Football coming soon
90 IF I = 4 THEN DF = 1
92 IF I = Si THEN RF = 13LP = 13
(continued on page 25)
—
The Text Solution for APPLE II®
Now APPLE II® Owners Can Solve Text Problems
With VIDEOTERM 80 Column by 24 Line Video Display
Utilizing 7 X 9 Dot Character Matrix
7X12 MATRIX
18X80 OPTIONAL
7X9 MATRIX
24X80 STANDARD
BASICs
Pascal
Other
Boards
Advanced
Hardware
Design
Available
Options
Firmware
Perhaps the most annoying shortcoming of the Apple II* is its limitation of
displaying only 40 columns by 24 lines of text, all in uppercase. At last,
Apple ll" owners have a reliable, trouble-free answer to their text display
problem. VIDEOTERM generates a full 80 columns by 24 lines of text, in upper
and lower case. Twice the number of characters as the standard Apple II’ dis:
play. And by utilizing a 7 by 9 character matrix, lower case letters have true
descenders. But this is only the start
VIDEOTERM
VIDEOTERM lists BASIC programs, both Integer and Applesoft, using the entire 80 columns,
Without splitting keywords. Full editing capabilities are offered using the ESCape key sequences
for cursor movement. With provision for stopistart text scrolling utillzing the standard Control'S
‘entry. And simultaneous on Screen display of text being printed
Installation of VIDEOTERM in slot 3 provides Pascal immediate control of the display since Pascal
fecognizes the board as a standard video display terminal and treats it as such. No changes are
needed to Pascal's MISC.INFO or GOTOXY files, although customization directions are provided
All cursor control characters are identical to standard Pascal delaults, And customizes firmware
for the Pascal system is available
The new Microsoit Softcard” is supported. So is the popular 0. C, Hayes Mictomodem II-
utilizing customized PROM tirmware available from VIDEX. The powerful EasyWriter: Profes:
sional Word Processing System and other word processors are now compatible with VIDEOTERM,
(Or use the Mountain Hardware ROMWriter” (or other PROM programmer) to generate your own
custom character sets. Naturally, VIDEOTERM conforms to all Apple OEM guidelines, assurance
mat you will have no contlicts with current or future Apple II" expansion boards,
VIDEOTERM’s on-board asynchronous crystal clock ensures Hlicker-tree character display. Only
the sizeof tne Pascal Language card, VIDEOTERM utilizes CMOS and low power consumption ICs,
ensuring cool, reliable operation. All ICs are fully socketed for easy maintenance. Ads to that 2K of
on-board RAM, 50 oF 80 He operation, and provision of power and Input connectors for a ight pen,
Problems are designed out, notin.
The entire display may be altered to inverse video. displaying black characters on a white field
PROMS containing alternate character sets and graphic symbols are available trom Videx. A
switehplate option allows you to use the same video monitor for either the VIDEOTERM or the
Standard Apple Il" display, instantly changing displays by flipping a single toggle switch. The
Switchplate assembly inserts into one of the rear cut-outs in the Apple ll" case so that the
toggle switch is readily accessible. And the Videx KEYBOARD ENHANCER can be installed, allow
Ing upper and lower case character entry directly rom your Apple!” keyboard.
1K of on-board ROM firmware controls all operation of the VIDEOTERM. No machine language
patches are needed for normal VIDEOTERM use.
Firmware Version 2.0
Characters 7x 9matrix
Options 7x 12matrix option
Alternate user definable
‘character set option,
Inverse video option:
Display 24x BD ull descenders)
48 x 80(7 x 12matrix with full descenders)
Want to know more? Contact your local Apple dealer today for a demonstration. VIDEOTERM is available
through your local dealer or direct trom Videx in Corvallis, Oregon. Or send for the VIDEOTERM Owners
Reference Manual and deduct t
‘amount if you decide to purchase. Upgrade your Apple |i" to full terminal
Capabilities for half the cost of a terminal. VIOEOTERM. At last,
PRICE; + VIDEOTERM includes manvsl
* SWITCHPLATE.
* MANUAL retuna with purchase
+7.X12 CHARACTER SET
= MICROMODEM FIRMWARE
KEYBOARD ENHANCER
Upper and Lower Case Character Entry
Direct from Your Apple II® Keyboard
The Apple lit has a simple, reliable keyboard.
Unfortunately, you can only enter upper case text di
rectly trom the Keyboard. Now. Videx introduces a
Powerlul KEYBOARD ENHANCER to correct this
minor annoyance.
Your Apple Il" suddenly performs as if it nas
an ordinary typewriter Keyboard. Three entry modes
are now keyboard selectable. The original keyboard
entry mode 18 still tuly functional: adding the type-
writer-mode with upper and lower case entry
Finally, the shit lock mode is available for the type:
lwritermode also. In both of the last modes. the shift
keys will pertorm exactly as they do on any type:
wnter
But that's not all In the normal Apple II’ mode.
KEYBOARD ENHANCER allows you to enter 9 new
Characters directly trom your keyboard ullizing the
Shift keys in conjunction with other alphabetic keys,
A new Power key cap is included with two bullin
LEDs for instant positive identification of which
ode you are in, Accidental RESETS are prevented
By requiring that the Control key be depressed with
the Reset key to activate the RESET operation The
easy installation ang simple. rugged hardware desigr
mean many years of trouble tree use
You may utlze the KEYBOARD ENHANCER with
Videx's VIDEOTERM for full 80 column by 28 line
ality display (usable with bolh BASICS
CAPS Lock
‘and Pascal, Or use it with Dan Paymar's Lower Cas Indicator
‘Adaptor for display of upper and lower case chara
ters on the standard 40 column wide Apple I
Shift Lock Indicator
display, Or use it alone to simplily your ward proces.
sing text entry
KEYBOARD ENHANCER is recommended for
use with Apple - Revision Zera and One keyboards
PRICE: * Keyboard Enhance $129
© Dealer Inquiries Invited
(those lacking the Contral-Reset feature). The kit
Includes 5 ICs mounted on a PC board. the neces.
Sary mounting screws (no driling necessary) a
jumper cable. Power key cap with LEDs and cable
‘assembly. and instructions for quick installation and
trouble free use. Visit your local Apple dealer today
Videx directly, And upgrade 10 Tull ype
wMormance with the KEYBOARD
=
vinx | 6S
897 N.W. Grant Ave.
Corvallis, OR 97330
Phone: (503) 758-0521
WINTER 1980
94 GOTO 54
96 TEXT 3 HOME ¢$ VTAB St HTAB 7%
PRINT “PROGRAM LISTING FORM
ATTER"$ PRINT 3 PRINT “BY MA
RK CAPELLA, ROBERT C. CLARDY
» JIM MORRISSETTs CHRIS ANS
ON, & VAL GOLDING"{D$ = CHRS
(13) + CHRS (4)% DIM TKNS(L
27): FOR I = 1 TO 107% READ
TKNS( I$ NEXT 3TKNS( 36) = TK
NSC 36) + "3" STKNS( 37) = TKNS
C37) + "3"3 INPUT BUS
98 VTAB 123 INPUT “ENTER PRINTER
SLOT OR CALL NUMBER ¢
DEFAULT=NO PRINTER )?" $AS2 PRX
= VAL CA$DILLZ = 353 IF PR
% THEN INPUT “DESIRED LINE
LENGTH = “SLLX
100 INPUT "
START AFTER WHICH LINE NUMBER (RE
TURN FOR START OF PROGRAM)
? “$AS3STZX = VAL (AS) INPUT
ENDING LINE NUMBER (RETURN FOR EN
Qt OF PROGRAM)? “SASSENZ =
VAL (AS)
102. PRINT "
INDENTATION FOR LEFT MARGIN ( DEFA
ULT=0)7"5% GET ASSMGX = VAL
(A$) PRINT “
LINES TO SKIP BETWEEN LINE NUMBER
SP" st GET ASIS1Z% = VAL (CAS)
$ PRINT “
LINES TO SKIP BETWEEN STATEMENTS?
"$3 GET AS$S2% = VAL (A$)? IF
PR2 THEN TEXT ¢ HOME $ INPUT
“TITLE ¢$ “STI$3 INPUT “NAME
3 "$FI$3 INPUT “DATE 3
“sDAS
104 IN = O%TIN = OtSRF = O:PR = 8
*% 256 + 1INB = PEEK (103) +
PEEK (104) * 256 - PB - 13N
1 = NB? IF NB <1 THEN HOME
3 VTAB 103 PRINT “NOTHING TO
LIST."$ END
106 HOME $ INVERSE $ PRINT "
PRESS ANY KEY TO HALT LISTIN
c.
LINES=O STATE.=0 BYTES=0 0
F “$3 HTAB 36 PRINT NB?
POKE 3492 NORMAL { VTAB 23
$3 IF PR% THEN GOSUB 22: GOSUB
20
108 GOTO 36
(continued on page 27)
THE APPLE ORCHARD
PAGE 25
ON-LINE SYSTEMS
PRESENTS
HI-RES FOOTBALL
By JAY SULLIVAN And KEN WILLIAMS
This is the football game you always
thought your Apple was capable of, but
no one seemed able to deliver!
Of course, Hi-Re, tball portrays the
field and players nimated Hi-Res
Graphics, but _ Afuse it with
“Fake Out’ t
to describe
drill or on defense
quarterback on third
& visit a computer store
‘to request a demonstration.
‘ Thank you.
Runs onany 48K Apple Il or Il Plus, DOS
3.2 or 3.3. Available now for $39.95 on
disk from your local computer store or you
may order directly from: i
ON-LINE SYSTEMS
36575 Mudge Ranch Road
Coarsegold, CA 93614
209-683-6858
ORDERS MAY BE CHECK, VISA, MASTER CHARGE OR C.O.D.
when you s
and goal. |P
in your a
PAGE 26
SAMPLE OUTPUT
APPLE ORCHARD
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
100
105
110
115
120
“125
130
135
140
145
150
200
205
210
215
220
225
300
THE APPLE ORCHARD
g
:
WINTER 1980
PAGE 1
WINTER 1980-81
REM = ¥XXKKKKKEKEKKKKKKKEK
REM &xx xxKx
REM &* SAMPLE OUTPUT *x
REM = *kK KK
REM *kk MARK CAPELLA xxx
REM xkkK FEB 5 1980 &xkK
REM KK xxK
REM XXKKKKKKAREKRKRKRERK
REM
LET VIDEOMODE = 1 ¢
LET TESTMODE = 0
REM
REM KK
REM %*kK FIRST PART OF SAMPLE
REM = *xxKK
REM
FOR I = 1 TO 100
IF I < 50 THEN
PRINT IsI & 291 & 3
IF I = 50 THEN
PRINT
PRINT “XXkSK "I" akKe"
PRINT
IF I > 50 THEN
PRINT I - SOe(I - 50) & 20(I - 50) % 3
FOR J = 1 TO 50 ¢
NEXT J $ REM &&kx DELAY !!
NEXT I
REM
REM = xxkK
REM kK SECOND PART OF SAMPLE
REM = KKK
REM
IF I = 3 THEN
FOR K = 1 TO 100 3
PRINT 3?
PRINT “THIS IS A TEST”
NEXT
IF YES THEN
9999 &
IF TRUE THEN
GOSUB 2000 $
IF STILLTRUE THEN
ABCD = 8889 ¢
IF TESTING THEN
X = 0 $ REM
WINTER 1980
LIST FORMATTER from page 22
DF = DATA flag
TF = THEN flag
TIl$ = title
DA$ = date
Fi$ = name
ST% = starting line number
EN% = ending line number
$1% = skip lines between lines
$2% = skip lines between
statements
L% = line counter
S% = statement counter
TKN% = tokens
LIST
10 REM XXXKXKKKAKEEREREKKKK
15° REM &kK aK
20 REM *k SAMPLE OUTPUT &x
25 REM &kK xXXK
30 REM KK MARK CAPELLA *xK
35 REM *kk FEB 5 1980 xkkx
40 REM xxx xX
45 REM SKKKKKKKKKEKRKRKKKEE
50 REM
55 VIDEOQMODE = 13 TESTMODE = 0
100 REM
105 REM xkK
110 REM xxkK FIRST PART OF SAMP
LE
115 REM ¥xK
120 REM
125 FOR I = 1 TO 100
130 IF I < 50 THEN PRINT IeI &
200 % 3
135 IF I = 50 THEN PRINT $ PRINT
"KEKE "I" KKK" S PRINT
140 IF I > 50 THEN PRINT I - 50
v(I - 50) K 29(I - 50) 3
145 FOR J = 1 TO 50% NEXT Ji REM
xxx DELAY !!
150 NEXT I
200 REM
205 REM «xk
210 REM kk SECOND PART OF SAM
PLE
215 REM x*kKK
220 REM
225 #XIF I = 3 THEN FOR K = 1 TO
100% PRINT ¢ PRINT "THIS IS
& TEST": NEXT
300 IF YES THEN 99993 IF TRUE THEN
GOSUB 2000% IF STILLTRUE THEN
ABCD = 8888! IF TESTING THEN
X = 08 REM
THE APPLE ORCHARD
PAGE 27
FORMATTER PROGRAM from page 25
110 DATA END»FOR»NEXTs DATA: INPU
Ts DEL sDIMsREADsGR» TEXT? LATA
PR#» INS»CALL »PLOTsHLINs VLIN
9HGR2»s HGR» HCOLOR=,HPLOT
DATA DRAW: XDRAW»HTABs HOME 9 R
OT=» SCALE=» SHLOAD» TRACE» NOTR
ACEsNORMAL$ DATA INVERSE »
FLASH » COLOR= » POP » VTAB
vHIMEM»LOMEM, ONERR » RESUME
y RECALL
DATA STORE »SPEED=,LET»GOTOs
RUN» IF » RESTORE » &» GOSUBy RETUR
N$ DATA REMsSTOPrONsWAIT?LO
ADs SAVE » DEF »POKE »PRINT »CONT$
DATA LISU»sCLEAR» GET »NEWs TA
BC » TOsFNe SPCC sTHENP AT? DATA
NOT ySTEPsts—yX9/e ts AND ORy>
112
114
116 DATA =9<2SGNvINTrABS:USReFR
EsSCRNC sPDL»POS? DATA SQR»oR
ND» LOGrEXPsCOS»SIN» TAN» ATNoP
EEKsLEN? DATA STRS*VALsASCe
CHR$ » LEFT$»RIGHTS MIDS
“MYSTERY HOUSE-~
0 ee poate,
na and ener atta,
HICS FOR THE
APPLE Il
PADDLE-GRAPHICS/TABLET GRAPHICS
‘The most powerful graphic development system available.
Upper/lower case text may be drawn in any size, direction or
color. Pictures may be sketched and filled in with any of 21 HI-
RES colors (msut be seen to believe!!) A shape may be
constructed automatically from any object appearing on the HI-
RES screen.
Paddle-graphics’ is for use with the standard game paddles
distributed with your APPLE and TABLET- GRAPHICS is for
use with APPLES’ GRAPHICS TABLET.
Paddle and Tablet-Graphics are available now at your local
computer store and require 48K Applesoft in rom and a disk
drive. To order directly send $39.95 for Paddle-Graphics or
$49.95 for Tablet-Graphics to:
On-Line Systems
86575 Mudge Ranch Road
Coarsegold, CA 98614
209-683-6858
VISA, MST CHG, COD, CHECK ACCEPTED
Look for Hi-Res Football coming soon
HI-RES G
PAGE 28
THE APPLE ORCHARD
LOCATIONS OF INTEREST TO
PASCAL & 6502 USERS
by Randy Hyde
Original Apple Core
Pascal is an island all to itself.
None of the existing BASIC,
FORTH, or 6502 assembly language
programs may be used with UCSD
Pascal. Pascal does. support a fairly
powerful, though difficult to use,
6502 assembler. This assembler is
great for those time critical
routines. Although Pascal runs at an
average of 2-10 times faster than
BASIC, this often is not good
enough for some applications (fast
WINTER 1980
animation anyone?). In any case,
the experienced programmer will
probably find some reason for
using 6502 assembly language
programs in conjunction with his
Pascal programs. The new user to
the Pascal system’s assembler will
really feel cut off, because there is
no provision for I/O! Actually,
there is a provision for I/O, but
much like the early Apple II
owners, the documentation for the
Pascal “monitor” (known as the
“BIOS”) has not yet been made
generally available. There is a very
good reason for this, the Pascal
Pascal Memory Map
$C000 - $CFFF: I/O Memory space.
$D000 - $DFFF: (bank switched) the BIOS.
$E000 - $FEFF: The p-code interpreter.
$FFOO - $FFEO: Jump vectors for the BIOS.
$FFF6 - $FFFF: Reset and interupt vectors.
$0 - $3FF : System variables and stack.
$400 - $BFF : Screen display area.
$COO - 22??? : The heap starts here and grows up.
$BDDE - $BEFE: SYSCOM area.
$BEFE -. $BFFF: Variables used by the BIOS.
$D000 - $DFFF: Low portion of the interpreter.
system has not yet been fully
defined and as a result addresses
may change in later systems. Since a
change of only one byte would
render a piece of software totally
useless, Apple has elected not to
make the information available
until the Pascal System becomes a
little more stable.
Fine, Apple has good intentions.
But what about those of us who
don’t care? What do we do in the
mean time? Well, the listed addres-
APPLE § BET
RATE
Now includes the Simplified Text Processor (STP)
The Most Powerful Disk-Based
Macro Assembler/Text Editor
Available at ANY Price
For 32K PET, disk 48K APPLE II
3.0 or 4.0 ROMS or —OR— or APPLE II +
8032 (specify) and DISK I
MAE FEATURES
— Control Files for Assembling Multiple named source files
from disk
= Sorted 'Symbol table — Up to 31 chars./label
— 27 Commands, 26 Pseudo-ops, 39 Error Codes
= Mudie Coneilienal Astorsbty, and & nue taature wacdeveloped
called Interactive Assembly
Relocatable Object Code
— String search and replace, move, copy, automatic line
numbering, etc.
TP FEATURES
17 text processing macros
Right and left justification
Variable page lengths and widths
Document size limited only by disk capacity
Software lower case provision for APPLE II without lower
case modification
ALSO INCLUDED
Relocating Loader
Sweet 16 macro library for APPLE and PET
Machine Language macro library
Sample files for Assembly and text processing
— Separate manuals for both APPLE and PET.
PRICE
—" MAE, STP, Relocating Loader, Library files, 50 page manual,
diskette —'$169.95
SEND FOR FREE DETAILED SPEC SHEET
¥
1m i
EASTERN HOUSE SOFTWARE
239 LINDA DRIVE.
WINSTON-SALEM, Ne e-27106
(919) 924-2889 (919) 748-8446
ses may be of help to such persons:
CONSOLE READ: $FF00 - Reads a character from the
keyboard type-ahead buffer.
Character is returned in the
accumulator.
CONSOLE WRITE: $FF03 - Writes a character to the 80-
column screen. Character is
passed in the accumulator.
$FF06 - Initializes screen variables for
input/output. Pointer to
SYSCOM must be at SP+3,
SP+4 and a pointer to break
vector must be at SP+5, SP+6.
(see memory map)
$FFO9 - outputs character in accu-
mulator to the printer.
CONSOLE INIT:
PRINTER WRITE:
PRINTER INIT: $FFO3 - Initializes the printer.
DISK WRITE: $FFOF - Writes data to the disk. Block
number at SP+3, SP+4. Byte
count at SP+5, SP+6. Data area
address at SP+7, SP+8. Drive
number at SP+9, SP+10.
DISK READ: $FF12 - Same parameters as disk
write.
DISK INIT: $FF15 - Inits all disk drives.
REMOTE READ: $FF18 - Reads a character from the
serial card in slot #2.
$FF1B - Writes data to the serial card
in slot #2.
$FFIE - Initializes serial card in slot
#2.
REMOTE WRITE:
REMOTE INIT:
WINTER 1980
THE APPLE ORCHARD
CREATIVITY LIFE SOFTWARE REVIEW
by David B. Garson
Program: The Creativity Life
Dynamic Package
Author: Avant-Garde Creations
P.O. Box 30161
Eugene, Oregon 97403
Distributor: Same
Purpose: To expand one’s know-
ledge of creativity
Language: Applesoft (ROM), 48K,
Disk II
Price: $19.95, Disk and Manual
RATINGS
Speed: 65
Ease of Use: 75
Documentation: 80
Error Comments: 60
Screen Display: 85
Reliability: 70
Technical Program Level: 60
Average: 71
This piece of software is truly
different than most. The programs
are all right, but the purpose of
them is quite different. Most
software serves a purpose of either
pleasure (games), or usefulness
(business, etc.). This package tries
to enlighten your knowledge of
creativity. This in itself is not bad,
but the manner in which the author
presents it is. The author talks at
great lengths about creativity (in
both the programs and the
manual), giving you the impression
that with the aid of this program
your ‘creative potential’ may be
expanded. Pretty heavy stuff for a
program — almost like a religion?
The author’s point is well taken and
the program does do this, but his
style in presenting these ideas is too
aggressive.
Thus, instead of presenting a
program designed to aid in the
designing of Hi-res displays, the
author’s purpose is to expand our
understanding and knowledge of
creativity. This he does well and
must be kept in mind when reading
the rest of this review. Now on to
the actual review of the software
package. . .
The first noticeable problem with
the program is that nowhere in the
manual does it describe how to
start the program. The manual
simply begins describing what the
program does. For experienced
users this is no problem, but for a
newcomer it can cause real
headaches.
The manual is broken down into
four sections, one for each of the
major programs (I. Instant
Graphics, Il. Instant People, III.
Music, and IV. Poem Writing) that
appear on the diskette. The manual
itself is 88 pages of first rate
printing, but even with this length |
still did not have a good feel for the
programs. The author’s style is very
breezy and light-hearted as well as
having little structure to the
description and use of each of the
programs. The most valuable
pieces of documentation that |
found to be of help, were two 5%”
by 8%” light cardboard sheets that
give a good overview of the com-
mands for each of the programs.
The first program in the package
is Instant Graphics. This piece of
software is a Hi-res drawing
program that allows the user to
make many interesting designs as
well as pictures. The user is guided
through the program with the aid
of the Apple’s speaker. | found this
technique very easy to determine
just what key to press next. The
program allows for a wide range of
PAGE 29
different shapes (circles, triangles,
rectangles, etc.) to be drawn
anywhere on the screen in a variety
of sizes and colors. All sorts of
different backgrounds can be
created from sliding diagonal walls,
or a horizontal sliding wall, to
random dots on the screen.
The program demostrates many
techniques to generate all sorts of
unique pictures and designs (which
are printed in the manual). The user
has the ability to draw with the
paddles at any time, plus the user
can draw things like random lines
or fireworks, to name just a couple.
This program is an enjoyable one
and will be appreciated by anyone
with a fancy for Hi-res graphics.
The second program in the
package is much like the first, but
has a cute twist. Instant People
allows you to draw Hi-res figures
(people) on the screen instead of
just miscellaneous designs. One
can draw a man, woman, boy, or
girl with a variety of different
expressions as well as having
control over the positions of the
arms and legs.
One interesting note about both
of these programs is the ability to
save you work. Of course it has the
standard method of saving the Hi-
res screen, which can be loaded in
and looked at any time, but it also
has a save command that will save
the drawing as you draw it. Thus
when you retrieve that drawing it
will come back just as you drew it.
This capability also allows for
animation (very limited) which is
described in the manual, but is
nothing when compared to any of
the animiation packages that are on
the market today.
Once you have created a scene
with the appropriate people you
then can design the background of
your choice. This feature can make
for some very interesting displays.
(After struggling for a while, this
reviewer was able to make a man
and a woman look at a mountain
scene and turn their heads.)
The next two programs
contained nothing new or exciting.
The first was a music generation
program, and as far as | am con-
cerned there are much better ones
in the public domain. The last
program is called Poem Writing,
but in my opinion was nothing
more than a Mad-Libs program.
(continued on page 39)
WE CAN TAKE YOU FROM
WATERLOO TO THE SUPER BOWL.
(By way of the North Atlantic.)
In the few short months since we introduced Computer Bismarck”, we've transported over 2500 adventurous minds to the North Atlantic —
there to recreate the historic battle between the awesome German warship and the British Home Fleet. The startling realism and excitement of
that experience have prompted many well-seasoned travelers to proclaim it “...unique among computer games and board games alike.*” One
enthusiast had this to say: “The wealth of detail...is hardly short of fantastic. Only real war rooms...in the Pentagon have ever before been able to
simulate a battle in this manner.**” Now we offer two more strategy games to embark you on new flights of the imagination.
COMPUTER NAPOLEONICS™
takes you to the battlefields of Waterloo on the
fateful day of June 18, 1815. Here, the greatest
battle ever fought is about to begin, awaiting
only your commands to set the amassed armies
in motion.
You and your friend choose your role —
either as the military genius, Napoleon, oras the
Duke of Wellington, the iron-willed leader of
the Anglo-Allied forces. The video screen
displays the map of the Belgian countryside with
the artillery, infantry, and cavalry units under
your respective commands.
AS NAPOLEON, you must utilize your
superior combat strength and numbers to deal
Wellington a quick and decisive defeat before
his Prussian ally can supply reinforcements.
Speed is of the essence. But any tactical blunders
in military deployment will result in a repeat of
history — Napoleon's ignominious defeat.
AS THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON,
you must not only survive the onslaught of the
French artillery, cuirassiers, and the dreaded
Imperial Guard, you must also inflict sufficient
damage to Napoleon's forces to prevent his
relentless northward march of conquest.
THE COMPUTER in our solitaire scenario,
plays Wellington while you play Napoleon.
Two levels of play are provided by making the
entry of Prussian reinforcements variable. This
makes the need for French military decisiveness
and devastating execution even more critical.
FOR THE NOVICE AND THE ADVANCED.
Computer Napoleonics has all the advantages of your
basic, traditional wargame —meticulous detail, realism,
and playability. Plus one. Because the computer keeps
track of all the rules, neither player can make an illegal
move. This makes learning it a cinch (mastery is quite
another matter), and it will convert the novice wargamer
into a fanatic in no time.
The advanced wargamer will find the computer a worthy
opponent indeed, and the two levels of play in the solitaire version will
challenge the most experienced of strategists.
COMPUTER QUARTERBACK™
propels you onto the playing field of the Super
Bowl From its multiple offensive and defensive
plays and its real-time playing conditions
to the animated video display of the grid-
iron and the halftime statistics, no strategy
football game has ever been more complete
in detail or as exciting in realism. Three ver-
sions are offered: Semi-Pro, Pro, and Computer-
as-Opponent.
SEMI-PRO presents you with a choice of 18
offenses and 14 defenses. Here, you will begin to
learn the intricacies of football; the thrill of the
perfectly executed two-minute drill; the agony
Hof the fumble, interception, and penalty. On
‘| offense, you will learn to read the defense and
call audibles as needed.
After you have mastered the Semi-Pro
version, it's time to move on to the Big
|] Time...the Pro version!
| THE PRO VERSION not only gives you
every offense (36) and defense (24 plus double-
teaming capabilities and special alignments) you
could ever want, it also gives you the team you
| want! With 2.7 million computer dollars, you
get to draft a team to your style and specifications.
Spend more on your quarterback and receivers
and your passing game may very well be
unstoppable...but your running game may suffer
for lack of funds.
THE COMPUTER eliminates all the organi-
zational drudgery of conventional board games.
Te plays scorekeeper, referee, umpire, and lines-
man. As timekeeper, it makes you play in real-
time. Take longer than 30 seconds to hike the
ball and five yards will be marched off against
you for delay-of-game.
“THE ROBOTS” is the team most ably coached
by your friendly computer. It’s ready to play any time you are. It even
“learns” your tendencies and patterns through time, and it will make the
necessary tactical adjustments. It plays so well you must be in top form to
stand a chance against it.
All you need to start on these mind journeys is an Apple II with
Applesoft ROM card, 48K memory, and a mini-floppy disc drive. For
$59.95, Computer Napoleonics comes with the game program mini-
disc, two mapboard cards, a rule book, and two player-aid charts.
Computer Quarterback, for $39.95, gives you the game disc, a rule
book, and four play diagram charts.
Credit card holders, call 800-648-5600 (toll free) and charge
your order to your VISA or MASTERCHARGE. In Nevada, call
800-992-5710. For Computer Quarterback, ask for Operator 178;
for Computer Napoleonics, Operator 179.
While you're at it, you can also get our other games:
© Computer Bismarck for your Apple: $59.95 (Operator 180)
Computer Bismarck, TRS-80 48K Disc: $59.95; 32K Cassette: $49.95
© Computer Ambush (a tactical simulation of man-to-man combat in
World War Il) for your Apple: $59.95 (Operator 181)
To order by mail, send your check to Strategic Simulations Inc.,
Dept. CA, 450 San Antonio Road, Suite 62, Palo Alto, CA 94306.
Our 14-day money back guarantee assures your satisfaction.
G5 STRATEGIC SIMULATIONS INC.
*Creative Computing, Aug. 1980.
**Popular Mechanics, Aug. 1980.
Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer Inc
TRS-80 is a registered trademark of Tandy Corporation.
WINTER 1980,
THE APPLE ORCHARD
A MACHINE LANGUAGE
ADDRESS CALCULATOR
by Russ Lavallee
Utilities should be written in
assembly language, if at all possible,
so that they can be made easily co-
resident with the BASIC program
for which they will be used. Utilities
written in BASIC can work, but they
can be cumbersome to use. A
convenient location for a machine
language utility is in the normally
unused page $300 — only up to
$3CF, because DOS “jumps” begin
at $3D0. Here it does not interfere
with or steal memory from the
BASIC program and variable areas.
This routine extends the power
of Applesoft immediate or
calculator mode (J) by allowing
Integer hex decimal constants as
input into the expression to be
evaluated, along with decimal
constants, variables, and all Apple-
soft arithmetic operators. The
result will be printed 3 ways:
1, The Integer portion in hex.
2. The Integer portion in
unsigned decimal.
3. The full precision result in
signed floating point decimal.
More than just a converter, this
makes Applesoft a powerful
dec/hex calculator. Although it is
intended primarily for address cal-
culations, the printing of the FL-PT
result serves two purposes:
1. The Integer portion will
display negative decimal ad-
dresses if 65536 is subtracted
at the end of the expression.
2. By comparision with the
decimal Integer result, a
check of Applesoft truncation
and round-up effects can be
made to see if the Integer
result is the desired one (e.g.,
try 1/0.1).
On the slightly negative side,
besides the Integer limitation on
hex input and output, the expres-
sion must not exceed 3 lines (about
120 characters), only one expres-
sion per call will be evaluated, and
it cannot be used in a program.
Although the routine could be
written without these limitations,
no need was foreseen, and the
extra code would prevent the page
$300 placement. Thus | will invoke
the standard cop-out, “The
exercise is left to the reader. ....”
Before the first use, the routine
must be run once to set up the “&”
jump at locations $3F5,6,7 (*300G
from the monitor, or CALL 768 from
BASIC). Then in Applesoft, “]<
expression > < return > ” will
print, “$hhhh D=i
Hex numbers in the expression
must be preceded by “$” and a
value > $FFFF will generate an error
message for both input and output.
A negative decimal address can be
displayed by subtracting 65536 at
the end of the expression, ]&FF69-
65536 <return > will print-151, the
well known monitor entry.
Conversely, the hex equivalent of a
negative decimal address is
obtained simply by entering it.
]&-151< return > will print $FF69. If
65536 is to be used often, a variable
can be assigned to it, (]Z=65536),
and then ]&$FF69-Z< return > will
print -151.
If you don’t have an assembler
and your page $300 is occupied,
hand relocation to work in any
page requires only changing loca-
tion 301, 358, 37C, 386, 390, 39D,
3BD from value 03.to the high-
order byte of the new page. To
work at $5000, use 50 for example.
PAGE 31
Although the listing is for Apple-
soft in ROM, the routine works just
as well for the RAM Applesoft if the
locations in parenthesis in the
“EQU” statements are substituted.
The basic idea behind the
routine is very simple — use the
ampersand to sneak in and modify
the expression text to change
“$HEX-ASC” to “DEC-ASC” before
sneaking out and letting Applesoft
finish its job. However, the
expected elegance was somewhat
soured by the amount of patching
needed to get the FP-BASIC
routines to work with the monitor
routines (eg., the different signs for
ASC characters). Because of Apple-
soft pre-processing, when the “&”
jumps to the routine, the text has
been tokenized and sits in page
$200. The “MOVELP” routine scans
it and moves it to the second half of
the page ($200) until it encounters
the end-of-line token (00), or the
“$” character. The “’$” detection
causes a branch to “GETHEX”
where the subsequent hex-asc
characters will be modified by
turning on their sign bit. Then
“G
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