Apple Orchard v4n8 1983 Nov

~ NOVEMBER 1983 $3.25 US. The Premier Magazine for Apple Computer Users LAWYERS and APPLES Latest on Lisa Apple /// Clock AT LAST: THE WHOLE TRUTH ABOUT FLOPPIES.. Amazing book reveals _ all! How to keep from brainwashing your dis! so it never loses its memory. - How fingerprints can actually damage disks. Unretouched Kirlian photographs of UFO's (Unidentified Floppy Objects)! The incredible importance of making copies: the Department of Redundancy Depart- ment— and what goes on when it goes on! Power- ful secret methods that scientists claim can ac- tually prevent computer amnesia! All this, and much more... In short, it's an 80- page plain-English, graphically stunning, pocket-sized definitive guide to the care and feeding of flexible disks. For The Book, ask your nearest computer store that sells Elephant™ disks, and bring along one and one half earth dollars. For the name of the store, ask us. ELEPHANT MEMORY SYSTEMS® Marketed exclusively by Leading Edge Products, Inc, Information Systems and Supplies Division, 55 Providence Highway, Norwood, MA 02062. Call toll free 1-800-343-8413, In Massachusetts, call collect (617) 769-8150, Telex 951-624. JO ELIVIIS THE coe ND ) ONE HALF EARTH DOLLA\ Circle HelpCard No. 36 : A. aa - GIVE YOUR CHILD THE PLATO EDGE IN ALGEBRA. Ep ith the Apple II Lessons include: The Computer Mechanics, Computer Literacy Dla sci kool. . Keyboard, Storage and Memory, — and #Keyboarding. New PLATO® I 5 Files and Editing and Databases. All PLATO micro courseware ew iessons in A Wid hild’ Id is available for the Apple II Pe ae Other PLATO lessons include Plusand Apple Ile. Selected Help your child feel confident : I dabletor ch 2 i Elementary Math Foreign iessons are available for the about learning algebra skills. a T199/4A and Atari 800 This new PLATO series helps Languages, Physics- Elementary ; For a free catalog See the growing line of PLATO micro courseware at selected retail outlets. For a free catalog, call toll-free: 800-233-3784. (In Calif. call 800-233-3785.) Or write: Control Data simplify Exponents, Poly- nomials, Roots and Radicals, Factoring and other Algebra components. Practice prob- lems change at random and examples of solutions help DED AG Publishing Co., PO. Box 261127, New PLATO lessons in San Diego, CA 92126. Computer Conceptst *Developed with Sie by Computers, Inc. This series helps kids understand the computer and lets them practice what they learn. PLATO GPa COMPUTER-BASED EDUCATION PUBLISHING Circle HelpCard No. 13 {Developed with Continuous Learning Corporation. +#Developed with Gregg/MeGraw-Hill Warranty available free from Control Data Publishing Co., 4455 Eastgate Mall, San Diego, CA 92121 Articles 14 The Lisa Nobody Knows- Alan Anderson & Scott Knaster A close look at the Biggest Apple Your SOS Deserves a Clock - Arthur E. Anderson /// 24 A 30-minute do it yourself project. The Videx ULTRATERM - Neil D. Lipson, P.E. 30 132 columns on the sereen. Mastering the Mountain of Documents - Clifford Franklin Schnier, B.A., L.L.B. 34 4 Microcomputers and Litigation Support. 40 Computer Software + Copyrights, Patents, and Tradesecrets = Confusion - Martha R. Gore Res ipsa Loquitur 45 Copyright Registration for Computer Programs 48 The Copywriter - Neil D. Lipson P.E. Copy disks quickly. | 50 The Apple-Franklin Case - Barry D. Bayer An attorney brings us up to date. 52 What’s on My Text File - Andre Babeanu Direct readout from disk. 58 Driving Your Disk - Gene Wilson Shortening the Apple /// Daisy Chain 62 A Comparison of Programming Languages - Ronald Kennedy o. Available for the Apple IL 68 College Board SAT - Michael & Lenore Wolgelenter \ Exam preparation with an Apple. 72, A Data Base for the Masses - Al Azose , A layman's exposure to dBase II. 74 KoalaPad and the Micro Illustrator - Barry D. Bayer “Touch Tablet” Review 82 Macinker- Neil D. Lipson, P.E. Re-ink your printer ribbons. a Coming Next Month... Music, Music, Music WordStar Patches More on WPL Apple rchard Vol. 4, No. 8 November 1983 Entire contents Copyright © 1983 by International Apple Core, Inc. Peter C. Weiglin — Editor and Publisher Donna Caldwell -— Managing Editor Morgan P. Caffrey — Senior Editor Dawn Brown - Circulation Manager Nicole Lefcourt —- Editorial Assistant Cindy C. Mack - Advertising Coordinator Rick van Genderen — Design Director Contributing Editors: Mark L. Crosby — New Products “Dr. Wo” — Pascal/Languages Editor Neil D. Lipson, P. E. A. S. (Woody) Liswood Barry D. Bayer Jim Linhart - Miscellaneous Cartoonery Karen Vanikiotis Zinsmeister - IAC Staff Jay Eisenberg - Advertising Director JE Publishers’ Representative Company 6855 Santa Monica Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90038 (213) 467-2266 Boston - (617) 437-1700 Chicago - (312) 445-2489 Dallas - (214) 660-2253 Denver - (303) 595-4331 New York - (212) 724-7767 San Francisco - (415) 864-3252 Address for all subscriptions, correspondence, advertising material, manuscripts, etc.: Apple Orchard 908 George Street Santa Clara, CA 95050 (408) 727 - 7652 APPLE ORCHARD (ISSN 0277 - 1950) is published monthly by the International Apple Core, Inc., 908 George St., Santa Clara, CA 95050. Second Class Postage paid at Santa Clara, CA and additional entry points. Subscription Rates (U.S. funds): $24.00 for 1 year, $45.00 for 2 years in the U. S.FPO & APO; $30.00-1 yr., $55.00-2 yr., in Canada; $36.00 (surface), $48.00 (airmail) in Mexico, Central America, Caribbean Islands, Phillippines, Samoa; $36.00 (surface), $60.00 (airmail) in South America, Europe, North Africa; $36.00 (surface), $72.00 (airmail) in Asia, Middle East, South Afriea, Australia. APPLE ORCHARD is a publication of the International Apple Core, a worldwide federation of Apple computer User Groups. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and do notnecessarily represent the views of the International Apple Core. While we appreciate the co-operation of Apple Computer, Inc. and other sponsoring members, the IAC and APPLE ORCHARD do not necessarily represent the views of any of these companies. Our existence is derived from the thousands of Apple users, and it is their interests which we serve. 4 Apple Orchard Textfile This month, we focus on the relationship between Apples and the law, or perhaps more accurately, some aspects of that multilayered relationship. Toronto barrister Clifford Schnier covers an exciting field of use for our favorite machines in “Mastering the Mountain of Documents”. Martha Gore fol- lows with a look at copyrights as they affect and are affected by computer software. And Contributing Editor Barry Bayer, a Chicago area attorney, tells us about the current status of a legal case of great interest in the Apple community, Apple v. Franklin. And then there’s Lisa. Apple’s top-of-the-line machine has been unbundled from its $10,000 package, and reduced in price. With a great deal of help from Scott Knaster, our old friend Alan Anderson takes time away from his Apple /// to explain Lisa’s features. The graphics were also created with a dot-matrix printer driven to graphic greatness by Lisa (just like a woman!). We strive for authenticity. Apple /// owners haven’t been left out: although Apple’s clock conversion kit is likely to be out by the time you read this, we wanted to share with you a method of installing a clock in your ///. Arthur Anderson gives us the inside look. Arthur, or “Skip”, as he prefers it, is the author of the CPM- SOS transfer program that the IAC has for sale. He’s no rela- tion to Alan Anderson, and is not an accountant. Neither is Gene Wilson, who tells us about a half-meg disk drive from Micro-Sci that makes working with the Apple /// a pleasure by allowing mass storage. That’s 560K bytes, as opposed to Baby Blue’s 390K. Neil Lipson reports on three separate products this month: the exciting Videx Ultraterm card, the Copywriter program, and an accessory called the MacInker that can make you the most popular kid on your (circuit) block. And Michael Wolge- lenter, with very little assistance from his immediate mater- nal ancestor, looks at Krell’s SAT preparation program. If you have ever wanted a simple way to find out what’s ona text file (something like the TYPE command in CP/M, I’m told), Andre Babeanu of POMs shows us the way, in Apple- soft. A language comparison and a few thoughts on dBase II from Al Azose round out this issue, leaving just enough room for The New Stuff’s extensive new (and updated) product information. The response to Apple Orchard’s “new look” has been most exciting and gratifying; we thank those of you who took the time to let us know of your reactions. As you'll note, more upgrades are to be found in this issue, and we're still not through. We'll probably never really be finished making improvements. One more thing: our cartoonery fellow, Jim Linhart, came by the other day and described “disorientation” as the feeling you get when you see an Epson computer hooked up to an Apple printer. Trudge the good trudge, Jim. -Youcan count on3M diskettes. Day after day. | Just like the sun, you can rely on 3M diskettes every day. At 3M, reliability is built into every diskette. We've been in the computer media business for over 30 years. And we've never settled in. We're constantly improving and perfecting our product line, from computer tape and data cartridges to floppy disks. 3M diskettes are made at 3M. That way, we have complete control over the entire manufacturing process. And you can have complete confidence in the reliability of every 3M diskette you buy. he eoe® \® 1 Soo Apple* Compatible. ee Se 3M makes diskettes for use with Apple computers, includingspecially | _ designed Fileware™ diskettes for the Lisa” personal office system. as ail —. Look in the Yellow Pages under Computer Supplies and Parts for = the 3M distributor nearest you. In Canada, write 3M Canada, Inc., London, Ontario. If it's worth remembering, it's worth 3M diskettes. Apple, Apple logo, Fileware and Lisa are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. 3M hears you... 4 Circle HelpCard No. 1 aM Satisfying Over With Innovation Grappler + Bufferbo: Printer Interface For Apples and Printers The Original Apple® graphics printer interface. The economical way to add printer buffering. The Since its introduction three years ago, the Bufferboard easily adds memory to your current Grappler has been imitated by many, but never Apple interface system, freeing your computer for matched. Now with Dual Hi-Res Graphics for side additional input. Easily upgradable from 16K, the by side reproductions and Mixed _ Bufferboard can store up to 20 pages of text. It Mode screen dump- fits neatly inside your Apple, “docking” onto your ing, the Grappler + existing printer interface* No clumsy boxes or remains the most cables, no external power supplies. ..just conve- intelligent interface nience and available. Over two economy. With dozen commands the Bufferboard, give Apple users full control over any graphics or you might never text on the Apple screen, including a new 80 wait for your column text dump. Performance, reliability and printer again. support have made the Grappler + the #1 selling “Versions for standard Grappler +, Epson APL and Apple intelligent Apple interface. Parallel Interfaces. 90,000 Apple Owners And Excellence. Grapple; + The most sophisticated buffered Apple printer interface available. The New Buffered Grappler + combines the industry leading features of the Grappler + with the time saving economies of the Bufferboard.** \ wee COO” With this much interface power, you'll never need anything else. And the price will surprise you, too. **Not available for IDS printers. Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computers, Inc. es Over 90,000 Apple computers are using Orange Micro products. Innovation and excellence have made us the #1 manufacturer of intelligent printer interfaces. The top selling Grappler + has become an industry standard, recommended by more software houses and Apple dealers. To meet the users’ latest needs, Orange Micro will continue to introduce new products. Recent inno- vations include the Grappler + for IDS color printers and the new Orange Interface, with text screen dumps and formatting at a low price. There is an Orange Micro product designed for your application. For a complete demonstration, see your Apple dealer today. Orange Micro | 9 Inc. 1400 N. Lakeview Ave., Anaheim, CA 92807 U.S.A. (714) 779-2772 TELEX: 183511 CSMA Orange Micro, nc., 1983, Circle HelpCard No. 50 ASK US/Tell Us Adare: In the August ’83 issue of Apple Or- chard, Richard & Willing, P.E. wrote a review of the Stamp Collector, an Apple computer database program for philate- lists. This review stressed a few real and imaginary deficiencies in the program. I would like to take this opportunity to clar- ify a few points. Over a year ago, the reviewer received a complimentary preliminary prototype copy of the Stamp Collector. It was ex- plained that the copy was not the final product. The August review did not make mention of this, but used this prototype as the final product and sole basis for the review. The deficiencies the reviewer re- ported in documentation have long since been corrected. The Stamp Collector disk comes with six programs: Foreign stamps, Domestic stamps, Sources list, Meetings lists, a generic Data Base and File transfer pro- gram. The first four programs are prefor- matted, independent, standalone pro- grams, not examples as mentioned by the review. The file transfer program is not used for sorting; it transfers data files from disk to disk or over the modem. Sorting is done as part of the data base programs. The system will work with one floppy disk drive or a hard disk. It will operate all commonly used printers (40, 80, 132 col- umn) and has special options for use of compressed print (132 columns on 80 col- umn paper) for the Epson, IDS and Cer tronics printers. The programs are un- locked (can be copied with CopyA), listable and changeable to meet unique needs. It is unfortunate that the review author chose to overlook these points and know- ingly wrote a review based on an anti- quated prototype copy, when more updated versions were available. Of course, I'm biased, but I think the Stamp Collector deserves another look. E. J. Neiburger Andent, Inc. 1000 North Ave. Waukegan, IL 60085 8 Apple Orchard Ss your questions, answers, and comments to: Apple Orchard 908 George Street Santa Clara, CA 95050 DS ine ans a = Taman Apple /// ProFile user, andI have for some time looked for an en- cryption program for the Apple ///. It seems that what I have seen so far is for the Apple IT or for CP/M. Who has written encryption software for the Apple ///? Dr. Marino H. Mueller, Esslingen, Switzerland. Well, who knows about this? Drop us a line; we'll forward it to Dr. Mueller and mention it here. We'd like to cover eneryp- tion in an article too. —PCW. As an Apple II and //e owner and as a subscriber to your publication for 2 % years now, I have been increasingly disappointed in the lack of Pascal fea- tures in Apple Orchard. As far as Tam concerned, Pascal is the only way to fly for serious programmers with ser- ious business applications. Struc- tured Programming facilities are a major strength of Pascal. Lack of same is a major weakness of BASIC. I have nothing but scorn for the article on “Structured Programming” in your August issue. You were talking about structured programming in BASIC without even mentioning Pas- cal. —James A. Kirk, Westminster, CA. Thank you, Mr. Kirk; you're right. We should have more stuffon Pascal. And we will—PCW. I just recently bought an Apple //e Personal Computer and I would like to know what ways I can invest into it and make a profit in the future? Also, I know some obvious advantages and disadvantages of owning a computer for personal use. Could you please tell me some other advantages and disad- vantages of owning a personal com- puter? Thank you. M. Rialto, CA. The most obvious d ing a personal computer is the difficulty of explaining to others about how the ma- 4 it mati chine helps you. We've called it a “mind amplifier”, and it’s the most powerful tool you'll have, for whatever you want to do. What you invest in it is time; time to learn about the machine and programming. Even Pascal, if you like. Your knowledge will help you profit in the future whether you write a software application program, design a future computer, or just use your skills in any profession or field you select. Space doesn’t permit a full discussion; it'll be taking place in this magazine over the next few years. My advice remains: do more, learn more with and about your com- puter. It'll help you all your life —PCW. APPLE CPM UTILITY PAK #1 S45 Nine terrific CP/MUG utilities modified documented for Apple }[ CP/M! Includes: —BATCH multiple CP/M commands on one line —Conditional SUBMIT file processing —COUNT number of lines in a text file —EXtended DiRectory (sorted with file sizes) —LISTFILE (with page numbers & page breaks) —LISTPART (selected) of a text file —Multi-Diskette Volume CATaloging system —Sort And Pack diskette directory —Single Drive File COPY Pascal/CPM/DOS FILE TRANSFER UTILITIES S45 Six programs to transfer and reformat any file among the Apple DOS, CP/M, and Pascal operating system environments, Conveniently allows use of a single disc to contain files for all three systems. CLOCKWARE $25 Pascal support for Prometheus VERSACARD and other Thunder-type clock/calendars. Easy access from Apple Pascal programs to all time/date func- tions in any slot. Includes informative 20 page user manual. SEE YOUR DEALER OR ORDER DIRECTLY FROM: RCM SOFTWARE 4608 Renwood Drive Kettering, Ohio 45429 VISA/MASTERCARD ACCEPTED and Circle HelpCard No. 54 SAVE UP TO 40% No Hidden Charges TOLL FREE ORDER LINE AVANT-GARDE CREATIONS HIRES Computer Golf HIRES Golf 2 Jump Jet BEAGLE BROTHERS Alpha Plot Aplle Mechanic Beagle Bag DOS Boss Double Take Flex Text Frame Up Pronto DOS Tip Disk # Typefaces Utility City BRODERBUND AE Arcade Machine Bank Street Writer Choplifter Gumball Lode Runner Maze Machine Midnight Magic Questron Sea Fox Serpentine Spare Change Star Blazer BUDGECO Pinball Construction Set Raster Blaster mputer CALIFORNIA PACIFIC $28. Ultima $21.00 26.00 21.00 $28.00 $25.00 42.00 48.00 25.00 21.00 25.00 42.00 25.00 00 CONTINENTAL SOFTWARE The Home Accountant DATAMOST Aztec Bilestoad Casino Conquering Worlds Mating Zones Missing Ring Pig Pen Snack Attack Swashbuckler Thief DATASOFT Canyon Climber: Micropainter Zaxxon DATA TREK Maze Craze EDU-WARE Algebra 1-4 Algebra 5 & 6 Compu-Read Decimals Fractions Prisoner 2 Rendezvous EPYX Crush, Crumble & Chomp Hellfire Warrior Temple of Apshai HALL. LABS Sheila Super Taxman 2 HAYDEN SOFTWARE Go ORCA/M, Sargon I! $53.00 $28.00 28.00 28.00 21.00 21.00 21.00 21.00 21.00 25.00 21.00 $21.00 $25.00 25.00 No Charge for Credit Cards No Shipping Delay for Personal Checks INFOCOM SIERRA ON-LINE SILICON VALLEY Deadline $35.00 Adv, #1 Mission SYSTEMS Starcross 28.00 Asteroid $15.00 Susnenied 35.00 Adv BP Mystery Word Handler/List Handler The Witness 35.00 House 18.00 package $149.00 Zork I, I, & lll .....€8 28.00 Adv, #3 Wizard & sinius iNTELLIGENTSTATEMENTS The Princess 25.00 Critical Mass $28.00 ber Uciie Protetclonal Adv. #4 Ulysses 2500 Epoch 25.00 Scie $45.00 av. #5 Time Zone ., 70.00 Gorgon 28.00 v. #6 Dark Crystal Repton 28.00 LIGHTNING SOFTWARE Appie Cider Spider... 21.00 Plasmania 25.00 Master Type $28.00 Bop.A.Bet 2100 Type attack 28.00 MICROLAB Cannonball Blitz 25.00 Wayout 28.00 Miner 2049er $28.00 Grose. 2190 gim-tecn MICROSOFT Presa Keep 3100 Galactic Attack $21.00 Adventure $2100 es eet 3100 Knight of Diamonds ... 25.00 Olympic Decathalon.., 21.00 [gunreaker new)... 27.09 Legacy of Lvlgamyn .. 29.00 Typing Tutor Il 20.00 earning 35.00 alice artist 25.00 MUSE Sammy Lightfoot... 21.00 lar Maze of Castle Woltenstein ...$21.00 Softporn Adventure ... 21.00 lzareiy 38.00 Caverns of Freitag.....21.00 Threshold 20.00 SOFT IMAGES Robot War 28.00 ‘Troll’s Tale 21.00 Blackjack Strategy ... $49.00 Three Mile Island ..... 28.00 Ultima Il 42.00 Pandemonium 28.00 Titan Empire 2800 The Artist 60.00 Single’s Night at Screenwnter ti 99.00 Molly's 21.00 ODESTA Checkers $35.00 General Manager..... 175.00 SOFTWARE PUBLISHING Chess 7.0 49.00 PFS: File $95.00 Odin 35.00 PFS: Graph 95.00, OMEGA MICROWAVE HARDWARE PRS Repor: 9.00 Inspector $45.00 DEALS SPINNAKER Locksmith 4 1 75.00 Delta Drawing $35.00 Night Falls 21.00 MODEMS Face Maker 25.00 Watson 35.00 Apple Cat Il .. $299.00 Hey Diddle, Diddle .... 21.00 Micromodem I! 265.00 Kindercomp 21.00 ORIGIN sysTEMS | tctemadem wterme. | Mest Aine thn’ 2800 inal prog. .... 295.00 Rhymes & Riddles .... 21.00 QUALITY SOFTWARE 212 Apple Cat , 580.00 Snooper Troops Ali Baba $25.00 1&2ea 32.00 Bag of Ticks 500 | MoNtToRs Sony Meche 2500 : ae mde! Fee AR MeO TO Color | $299.00 STRATEGIC SIMULATIONS Color 1 RGB ... 599.00 Bomb Alley $42.00 SENSIBLE SOFTWARE Color Il RGB .. 399.00 Computer Ambush .... 42.00 Sensible Speller ....$100.00 RGB Card ..... 149.00 Computer Baseball... 28.00 Super Disk Copy ...... 21.00 Computer Quarterback 28.00 PENCUIN:SOFTWARE usl Cosmic Balance 28.00 Compl Pi 9” Green $119.00 Cosmic Balance i... 28.00 mnetete Graphics P12 12" Green . 149.00 : Suen $49.00 Galactic Adventures... 42.00 aoe 208 i312" Amber. 159.00 | — Geopaiitique 1990... 42.00 x Pid 9" Amber .. 129.00 Germany 1985 42.00 Grime Wave 15.00 ¥ Graphics Magician 45.00 Color 1400 299.00 Knights of the Desert ., 28,00 Mat Man 18.00 eine North Atlantic '86..... 42.00 Pensate 15.00 ©. ttoh i BS he ead Pie Man 15.00 3K 2 hess inthe Sogw (The) Quest 15.00 Gk agers 22? 00 Warp Factor 28.00 Short Guts 35.00 oxidata SUB-LOGIC Special Effects 28.00 Microline 80 ... 349.00 Flight Simulator. ..... $25.00 Spy's Demise 15.00 Microline 82A\_ 449.00 Pinball: Night Mission . 21.00 The Spy Strikes Back. . 15.00 Microline 92... 49.00 Road Block 21.00 Thunderbombs 15.00 Saturn Navigator ...... 25.00 Transylvania 15.00 Space Vikings 35.00 RISING SUN SOFTWARE 4200 PARK BLVD. OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA 94602 (415) 482-3391 Ordering information: We'll accept any form of payment—cash, personal check, money order, VISA/ MasterCard, or €.0.D. Send cash at your own risk. Add $2.00 for UPS shipping: $3.00 for Blue Label Ai California residents add applicable sales tax. ALL orders shipped same day received. Ifwe are out of stock ‘ona particular iter we will include a special bonus with your order when shipped. ( CALL TOLL FREE 24 HOURS (ORDERS ONLY) aaa (800) 227-1617, ext. 114 (Outside California) VISA \ (800) 772-3545, ext. 114 (Inside California) SYNERGISTIC Atlantis $28.00 Crisis Mountain 25.00 Bolo 25,00 GPLE 49.00 Microbe 32.00 Odyssey 21.00 ‘SYDNEY DATA PRODUCTS Evolution $28.00 ULTRASOFT Mask of the Sun $28.00 Serpent's Star 28.00 VISICORP VisiCalc 3.3 $175.00 VisiCale Ne 175.00 VisiDex 175,00 VisiFile 175,00 VisiLink 175.00 VisiPlot 150,00 VisiSchedule 210.00 VisiTerm 75.00 VisiTrend/Plot 225.00 HARDWARE JOYSTICKS AND PADDLES Hayes Mach II $32.00 Hayes Mach Ile 35.00 Hayes Mach Ill 40.00 Hayes Mach Ille 44.00 Kraft Joystick 45.00 Kraft Paddles 35.00 Sirius Joyport 36.00 TG Joystick 42.00 TG Paddles 29.00 TG Trackball 48.00 MISCELLANEOUS HARDWARE Grappler + $125.00 16K Ram 75.00 SoftCard 275,00 System Saver 65.00 BLANK DISCS (box of 10) Elephant (88/SD) $22.00 (8S/DD) 25.00 Maxell (SS/0D) 30.00 Verbatim (88/SD) 25.00 (88/00) 28.00 Diskette File Box (holds 60) 20.00 DISK DRIVES Rana Elite 1 $289.00 w/controller 389.00 Rana Elite 2 479,00 w/controller 559.00 Rana Elite 3 629.00 w/controller 699.00 VIDEX Videoterm $239.00 Ultraterm 279.00 ADVANCED LOGIC SYSTEMS CP/M Card $299.00 Dispatcher 104.00. 2-Card I 129.00 OTHER ITEMS Gibson Light Pen... $249.00 Koala Graphics Tablet . 99.00 SAM. 89.00 Circle HelpCard No. 55 Datamost President out of mind. At Datamost, we’ve got a president who knows the difference between “out of your mind” and having an “open mind.” So he’s building a computer software company that knows how to get the most out of any mind. Two years ago, when we began to publish the indus- try’s first universally acclaimed system of computer software training books, we were told, ““Datamost, you're crazy!” So we published anyway. Today, the hottest new software category is the com- puter Bookware market. And guess whose books are the #1 best-sellers? Yes, “crazy” Datamost. Somehow, our craziness made good book sense. And good business sense. Because our book language is language that everyday people use when they talk everyday talk. And Datamost talks Apple® And we talk Atari? AndIBM? And Commodore? And Timex/ Sinclair" And T.I* and more. For every level of computer literacy. From people who know nothing. To people who know everything. But our president wasn't satisfied. “Who says there’s a limit to our craziness?” he demanded. “T want to see the Datamost name on the freshest, brightest, most mind-stretching arcade quality home computer games the industry has ever seen.” And once again, we were told, “Datamost, you’re crazy!” But this time, we said “you're right.” So get ready. For games with original music for Apple, Atari, Commodore and IBM home computers. Coming to you. From Datamost. Where the most open mind is alive. And well. And crazy. Like a fox. DATAMOST The most out of our minds: a trademark of Atari Computers, “Commodore : isa trademark of Timex, Inc of Apple Computer ‘ommodore B M rk of Internation orp. "TL of Datamost, Inc. 8943 Fullbright Ave., Chatsworth, CA 91311. (213)709-1202 Circle HelpCard No. 17 APPLIED ENGINEERING THE BEST PERIPHERALS FOR THE BEST COMPUTER The TIMEMASTER Finally a clock that does it ALL! ee = Pa AUTOMATICALLY FULLY ‘STAMPS FILES. COMPATIBLE WITH PRO-DOS, © Designed in 1983 using I.C. technologies that simply did not exist when most other Apple clocks were designed. Just plug it in and your programs can read the year, month, date, day, and time to 1 millisecond! The only clock with both year and ms. Powerful 2K ROM driver — No clock could be easier to use. Full emulation of most other clocks, including Mountain Hardware’ Appleclock (but you'll like the TIMEMASTER mode better). Basic, Machine Code, CP/M and Pascal software on 2 disks! Eight software controlled interrupts so you can execute two programs at the same time. (Many examples are included) On board timer lets you time any interval up to 48 days long down to the nearest millisecond. Super Music Synthesizer © Complete 16 voice music synthesizer on one card, Just plugitinto your Apple, connect the audio cable (supplied) to your stereo, boot the disk supplied and you are ready to input and play songs. It's easy to program music with our compose software. You will start right away at inputting your favorite songs. The Hi-Res screen shows what you have entered in standard sheet music format. Now with new improved software for the easiest and fastest music input system available anywhere. © We give you lots of software. In addition to Compose and Play programs, 2 disks are filled with over 30 songs ready to play. © Easy to program in Basic to generate complex sound effects. Now your games can have explosions, phaser zaps, train whistles, death cries. . You name it, this card can do it Four white noise generators which are great for sound effects. Plays music in true stereo as well as true discrete quadraphonic. Full control of attack, volume, decay, sustain and release. Will play songs written for ALF synthesizer (ALF software will not take advantage of all the features of this board. Their software sounds the same in our synthesizer.) © Automatic shutoff on power-up or if reset is pushed. PRICE $129.00 | Many many more features. PRICE $159.00 The TIMEMASTER includes 2 disks with some really fantastic time oriented programs (over 25) plus a DOS dater soit will automatically add the date when disk files are created or modified, This disk is over a $200.00 value alone — we give the software others sell, All software packages for business, data base management and communications are made to read the TIMEMASTER. eooe If you want the most powerful and the easiest to use clock for your Apple, you want a TIMEMASTER. Z-80 PLUS! @ Red“CP/M WORKING" LED indicator, the Z-80 Plus does notinterfere with non-CP/M programs. @ An on-card PROM eliminates many I.C.’s for a cooler, less power consuming board. (We use the Z-80A at a fast 4MHZ) @ Does EVERYTHING the other 2-80 boards do, plus Z-80 interrupts. Don’t confuse the Z-80 Plus with crude copies of the microsoft card. The Z-80 Plus employs a much more sophisticated and reliable design. With the Z-80 Plus you can access the largest body of software in existence. Two computers in one and the advantages of both, all at an unbelievably low price. PRICE $139.00 © TOTALLY compatible with ALL CP/M software. @ The only Z-80 card with a special 2K “CP/M detector” chip. @ Fully compatible with microsoft disks (no pre-boot required) @ All new 1983 design incorporates the latest in I.C. technologies Viewmaster 80 JUST COMPARE! There used to be about a dozen 80 column cards for the Apple, now there’s only ONE. VIEWMASTER 169 YES YES ves YES YES yes YES © TOTALLY Videx Compatible SUPRTERM 195 NO YES YES. NO-NO ves YES @ 80 characters by 24 lines, with a sharp 7x9 dot matrix WIZARD8 245 «=~ NO. NO YES YES.—NO. ves YES © On-board 40/80 soft video switch with manual 40 column override \isioneo. 378~=O«VES”~=«YES'=S*«YES;”S=«éYESS'-:«SsNO NO-NO © Fully compatible with ALL Apple languages and software — there are QqivisION 295 NOYES NO. NO NO ves YES NO exceptions VIEWMAXBO 219° YES—_YES Ys YES NO NO YES ‘© Low power consumption through the use of CMOS devices SMARTERM 360 YES.—YES YS NO NO yes NO @ All connections on the card are made with standard video connectors, yiproTERM 345. «== NO. NO NO YES YES No. YS no cables are soldered to the board © All new 1983 design (using a new Microprocessor based C.R.T. controller) The VIEWMASTER 80 works with all 80 column applications including CP/M, Pascal, WordStar, Format Il, Easywriter, Apple Writer Il, Viscalc, and many others. The VIEWMASTER 80 is THE MOST compatible 80 column card you can buy at ANY price! PRICE $169.00 MemoryMaster Ile 128K RAM Card © Complete documentation included, we show you how to use all 128K. Ifyou already have Apple's 64 card, justorder the MEMORYMASTER with 64K and use the 64K from your old board to give youa full 128K. (The board is fully socketed so you simply plug in more chips.) @ Expands your Apple Ile to 192K memory © Provides an 80 column text display © Compatible with all Apple Ile 80 column and extended 80 column card software (Same physical size as Apple's 64K card) @ Available in 64K and 128K configurations @ Bank select LED's for each 64K bank © Permits your Ile to use the new double high resolution graphics @ Automatically expands Visicalc to 95K storage in 80 columns! The 64K configuration is all that’s needed, 128K can take you even higher. MemoryMaster with 128K $249 Upgradeable MemoryMaster with 64K $169 Non-Upgradeable MemoryMaster with 64K $149 Our boards are far superior to most of the consumer electronics made today. All Cs are in high quality sockets with mil-spec, components used throughout P.C. boards are glass-epoxy with gold contacts. Made in Ametica to be the best in the world, All products work in APPLE lle, Il, I+ and Franklin (except MemoryMaster). Applied Engineering also manufactures a full line of data acquisition and control products for the Apple; A/D converters and digital /0 cards, etc, Please call for more information. All our products are fully tested with complete documentation and available for immediate delivery. All products are guaranteed with a no hassle THREE YEAR WARRANTY. Send Check or Money Order to: APPLIED ENGINEERING P.O. Box 470301 Dallas, TX 75247 Call (214) 492-2027 7a.m. to 11p.m. 7 days a week All Orders Shipped Same Day. Texas Residents Add 5% Sales . i MasterCard, Visa & C.O.D. Welcome Tax. Add $10.00 If Outside U.S.A. Dealer Inquiries Welcome. Plantins a seed. . 8 ‘ s ee vai a » t rt : eats a | zi 9 ae: It all started out very innocently. Tom developed a small program in the early days of Apple- dom, and his friend Joe was interested. “Sure, here’s a copy”, said Tom, handing Joe a cassette tape containing the pro- gram. (You can tell it was the old days, before disk drives.) The real names of the players have been lost to history, but that was how the first transfer of a program from one person to another occurred. In those early days, hardly anybody bothered with copy- rights, lawyers, ete.; it was a sharing among friends of their collective endeavor. And the friends made improvements to the software, which was cycled back to the original developer. User Groups facilitated this cameraderie. Everybody was happy; it was Eden, with the Apple playing a large part. Then somebody mused, “Gee, maybe we could sell some of these programs. Enter the serpent, stage left. Commercial software began to appear. Many bought it. But some con- tinued the “tradition” of giving copies to their friends. Some dealers are said to have thrown in copies of programs to sweeten computer sales. The people who ran the embryo software companies quickly lost all traces of eameraderie, adopting instead a protective coating of Moral Fervor. This, after all, was theft! Meanwhile, Jim got a modem for his Apple, which connec- ted him to the Bell telephone network. Remembering stories from his older brother about fun and games with “blue box- es” and long distance calls, Jim tried to gain access to another modem that wasn’t expecting him to call. After much trial and error, Jim cracked the entry codes, and was talking to... well, that didn’t matter. The important challenge was getting through. Jim told Harry about it, and Harry went one step further: he got through, and then left a message in the mem- ory suggesting that the reader perform an impossible sexual feat. Great fun! Charlie heard about this, cracked his univer- sity’s computer, and tried to change one of his grades from C to B. (Just a B; no sense being greedy.) Did the Apple do it? The software merchants, meanwhile, developed technical barriers to disk copying by varying the bit patterns on their disks. Thus armed, they watched profits grow. (It made no difference that some of these entrepreneurs themselves had large collections of other people’s software, acquired through electronic samizdat.) Now, backup disks were available, at $30 and more, if your protected program disk crashed. That offended another legitimate interest: the honest purchaser who wanted nothing more than a backup disk was now being penalized because of the threat of multiplying copies. The irony was, of course, that knowledgeable persons were cracking protection schemes right and left. Broken copies of everything were, and are, everywhere, despite tech- nical escalation of protection. Copy protection is an illusion of security. Now we have the mass media concentrating on “computer crime”, as if the personal computer were somehow ushering in a New Age of Lawlessness. We hear of thefts by short- circuiting electronic funds transfers; access to computers everywhere, including sensitive government facilities; com- puters used to aid in recordkeeping for illegal activities; and that appears to be only the beginning. Chilling. It’s just not innocent any more, is it? What's ludicrous, however, is the growing thought among TV reporters and other superficial thinkers that somehow the computer is re- sponsible for all this. Now, we know that the computer is a tool; it can be used for good or evil. So is a crowbar, an axe, a key, or a fountain pen. If the computer has become a burglar tool, it’s because burglars use it. People. Go back to Genesis again and pond fault, or was it merely a neutrz: participant in the human tragicomedy? is - November 1983 13 The Lisa Nobody Knows by Alan Anderson and Scott Knaster ou’re reading yet another article about Lisa, Apple's latest and greatest entry into the world of personal computers. What else is there to say? When Lisa was launched last January, virtually every major computer magazine featured lots of stuff about Lisa and how revo- lutionary it was. Apple Orchard, Byte, Personal Computing, and Popular Computing featured the new Lisa on their cov- ers. Even Time and Newsweek, not what you'd call typical computer journals, devoted space to the Lisa announcement, as did other publications. If you read any of the magazine articles surrounding the Lisa introduction in January, you probably feel you have a pretty good idea of what all the fuss is about. Lisa’s remark- able new features have been much-heralded: the ability to display multiple “windows” of different software applica- tions; a pointing device called a mouse; extremely detailed graphics; data transfer between applications. Since that announcement, other software products have been introduced which duplicate some of these features. The most well-known is VisiOn (guess who makes it), which has a mouse and windows and data transfer, as well as its own new applications. As of this writing, VisiCorp says that VisiOn will be available at the end of October. VisiOn was actually presented to the world last November, two months before Lisa, but Lisa has been shipping since June. Desq, from anew company called Quarterdeck, features a new twist: it takes existing applications like Wordstar and VisiCale and lets you window them and transfer data between them. When the computer press mentions “integrated software” these days, Lisa is usually lumped in with those others. How similar are these products to the Lisa? Should they be grouped together? Well, the natural human tendency is to pigeonhole and categorize, and things which defy categoriza- tion are troublesome, so we search for similarities between things which may not be so similar after all. 14 Apple Orchard Lisa is one of those things that stands alone. A quick 20- minute demo by a knowledgable Lisa user shows how unique it really is. Its design and features are totally different from anything else that’s available now. But if this is true, why don’t most people in the computer industry recognize it? One answer is that Lisa’s revolutionary design appeals mainly to two kinds of people: those who know a great deal about the human characteristics of designing software, and those who have never used a computer and wouldn’t know a byte if it came up and byt them. Most of the people in the computer industry today don’t fit into either of those categories. If you think that most of the microcomputer industry today knows a lot about designing a good human interface to soft- ware, take a good hard look at the software you're using. If you've been using computers for more than a few months, it might be hard to see this inherent flaw in most of today’s software because you've become accustomed to it. If you’ve only had your computer for a short time, you probably know exactly what I mean. Most of today’s computer programs are like dictators, demanding that things be done their way, requiring an astonishing array of secret codes to perform functions, and worst of all, promoting the need to learn com- puterese in order to get anything done. Hard-to-use software is not necessarily the fault of poor design of applications. Part of the blame is due to fact that most of today’s operating systems are several years old. Another problem is in hardware limitations. Remember that Lisa costs $10,000 and features very impressive hardware specs that we'll discuss later. With Lisa, Apple has taken a gutsy step, because Lisa abandons most of the current ways of doing things for a whole new world. This is dangerous for Apple because it requires those who know how to use computers already to forget all the black magic they’ve learned and take on a new, simpler way of doing things. Apple's premise is this: using a Lisa is considerably easier than using any other personal computer, and if you're one of the vast majority who've had limited experience with computers, you'll appreciate it immediately. But if you already know about DOS and CP/M and device drivers and control codes and all the other wonders of the personal computer age, it may take you a bit long- er to appreciate it. Family Trees When Apple designed the Apple///, it was constrained by the Apple II. The /// was an evolution of the Apple II. One of its features allows it to emulate the Apple II, and while it is certainly much more powerful than its predecessor, it performs basically the same functions as the II—faster, more powerfully, and with more memory, but fundamentally in the same way. With the Lisa, this restraint was re- moved. No compatibility with previous systems was required. And so Lisa’s designers took off. If you're a fan of fancy hardware, it would be hard to come up with much better specifica ions: MC68000 microprocessor, 1 mega- byte of RAM, 1.7 megabytes floppy disk, 5 megabytes hard disk, 12 inch bit- mapped display with over 250,000 pix- els, detachable keyboard, one-button mouse, real-time clock, 2 serial ports, and 3 expansion ports. But the Lisa’s hardware is only the foundation for the real breakthrough: the software. Apple likes to say that Lisa’s hardware is only state-of-the-art, but the software is revolutionary. The more well-known features of this soft- ware, the mouse and the ability to run more than one application at a time by using windows, have already been men- tioned. Now we’re going to spend some time discussing some of the lesser- known features of the software, some of the more subtle things that make the Lisa so powerful and easy to use—and the things that truly set Lisa apart from the other “integrated software” pack- ages. In Figure 1 you see the Lisa Office System as it first appears. The thin white strip across the top is called the menu bar, and the gray remainder of the sereen is called the Desktop. The pic- tures at the bottom of the Desktop are called icons. Icons are a fundamental part of the Lisa user interface. They rep- resent some action or piece of data used by the Lisa. In Figure 1 you see the four icons which are always present on the Lisa. The first, ProFile, obviously rep- resents the ProFile hard disk which is attached to the Lisa. The one that looks like a Lisa and is named Preferences is used to set things like the volume of the Lisa’s speaker, how fast the keys repeat, and what devices you have connected, such as printers and modems. The Clip- board icon holds data which is being moved from one place to another. And the Wastebasket icon—well, it almost seems silly to have to say so, but of course, the Wastebasket is where you put something when you want to get rid of it. One more very important thing that you can see on the Desktop is a small black arrow. This arrow (which points north-northwest, trivia buffs) is called the pointer, and it is intimately related to the mouse. When you move the mouse on the desktop, the pointer moves in a corresponding direction. The mouse and its arrow are used to point at things on the Desktop to select them for some action. You may be wondering how you get an icon to perform a function, how to make it do something. Well, each icon represents a “location”, a place where the Lisa’s user can put things. In order to see into these places, each icon can be opened; that is, a sort of electronic magnifying glass can be placed on the icon, letting you look inside it. For exam- ple, we can look inside the ProFile icon and see what's there. This is where the mouse pointer comes in. First, we move the pointer so that the tip of the arrow is touching the icon and we press the but- ton on the mouse. After we press the button, the icon becomes highlighted on the Desktop, and it turns black. Now we move the pointer up to the top of the screen, the menu bar. Each item in the menu bar represents a menu, or list of things to do. In order to see a menu, we point at the menu’s title and press the mouse button. As we hold the button down, the menu appears below its title, in this case, the File/Print menu. As we point at each menu item, it becomes highlighted, just like the ProFile icon when we selected it earlier. Figure 2 shows you what the File/ Print menu looks like when it’s pulled down. You might notice that some of the menu items appear to be gray, while others appear black. This is because the items which cannot be used at a par- ticular moment are automatically locked out. When we point at these dim items, they stay dim—they don’t become high- lighted. One item in the list, the one at which we're pointing, is highlighted. When we come to the item we're after, in this case the one that says “Open Pro- File”, we release the mousebutton. In- stantly, the action we’ve chosen takes place. As we watch, the tiny ProFile icon zooms “closer”. In afraction of asecond, it seems to grow until it fills about half the screen (see Figure 3). Now we're looking inside the ProFile and seeing what's kept there. If you've ever been to Disneyland, what’s hap- pening here is a lot like the Adventure through Inner Space, where a snowflake appears to grow larger as you apparent- ly shrink into it. Well folks, this is the ultimate E-coupon attraction, as you can see by looking at the contents of the ProFile in Figure 3. It’s filled with more icons, this time icons that look like file folders. Each file folder has a name: some of them contain examples, such as LisaCale Examples, LisaDraw Exam- ples, and so on; one of them is called Apple Orchard, and we'll be working with that one shortly. As you probably guessed by now (after all, this is sup- posed to be intuitive), the file folder icons act like real file folders: they hold things. Oneicon looks like a whole stack of file folders, and it’s called Empty Folders. This is a special kind of icon called a pad. It represents a whole bunch of file fold- ers, an infinite number of them, and when- ever you want one, you just point at it, click the mousebutton to select it, and choose Tear off Stationery from the File/Print menu. As we ponder how to look inside the file folder called Apple Orchard, an in- teresting thing happens, something we might call the Lisa deja vu effect. Deja vu, of course, is feeling of strange famil- iarity, as if we've been here before. Last time we wanted to open an icon, to see what was inside it, we selected it with the mouse and then opened it from the File/Print menu. Now here we are again, wanting to open an icon. Of course, the answer is easy. We point at the icon and click the mousebutton to select it, then pull down the File/Print menu and choose Open “Apple Orchard”. Just like before, the folder appears to zoom open and becomes a window, showing us what's in the folder (see Figure 4). Before we discuss the contents of the Apple Orchard folder, lets talk about windows for a while. If you look at the Apple Orchard window in Figure 4, you'll see that there’s an unusual look- November 1983 15 ing little box in the lower right corner of the window. This is called the sizing box, and it’s used to change the size of the window. Almost every window has one. That means that you can make the win- dow larger or smaller, whatever you like. If you make the window too small to see everything that’s inside it, you can use the arrows next to the sizing box, called the scroll controls, to roll the win- dow left, right, up, or down. You may also have noticed that the Apple Orchard window overlaps the Pro- File window. The Lisa Office System lets you put things on top of other things. (They must have used my desk as a mod- el.—PCW.) If you want to look at some- thing that’s covered up, all you have to do is point at it and click the mousebut- ton, and it will be uncovered. You can also move icons and pointers around, putting them anywhere you want them. If you want your ProFile window to ap- pear on the bottom part of the Desktop rather than the top, just point at the top line of the window (called the title bar), grab it by holding down the mousebut- ton, and drag it down to its new loca- tion. Now lets look at what’s inside the Apple Orchard folder. There are three icons inside: 1984 Budget, Staff list, and Memo. These icons look like pieces of paper. Each one represents a document. A document is where a Lisa user does work. For example, the document called 1984 Budget contains a budget for one year. The icon shows which of the Lisa application programs, or tools, as they're called, was used to create this document. The spreadsheet design on the 1984 Budget document tells us that the LisaCale tool was used to create that document. The Staff list icon indicates that it was created with LisaList, while the design on the Memo icon shows that LisaWrite was used to create it. If we wanted to get a look at the docu- ment called 1984 Budget. how would we do it? Once again, deja vu strikes. Here’s an icon, a small representation of some- thing that we want to look at more close- ly. One of the most important aspects of the Lisa design is consistency: it per- forms similar functions in a similar way. Here, once again, the Lisa is faithful to this philosophy. The document is open- ed by using exactly the same actions as we used in opening things before. We point at the document, click the mouse- button to select it, pull down the File/ Print menu and select Open “1984 Budget”. You probably know what hap- 16 Apple Orchard r File/Print Edit View Disk EN Evit View Disk Aside Everything Aside Seve & Put Bivay Duplicate Tear OFF Sta Make 9 Monitor the Printer ... Figure 1 | | 3869 blocks free out of 9690. Backed up: 7/01/83. * LisseaieBiviples LiswrayEanples LisscraghBianples Usalst Dales UisshroRet Eagles Lisa Ewpiy Falters gpl Orchard thar sturt ee aCe cugeoaral lvastetasvet |p Fi) profs Figure 3 Lo eretereoes © aly pens next. The icon zooms open into a window, and the window is entitled 1984 Budget. Inside the window is the mes- sage “LisaCale is preparing this win- dow’s display.” This message stays up for a while as the ProFile hums away; the pointer changes into an hourglass to show that the Lisa is busy; then the win- dow is filled with the budget spread- sheet. Let’s step back for a moment and dis- cuss what we've done so far. This time, though, let’s examine our actions froma different point of view—we're going to compare them to similar actions on tra- ditional personal computers. First, we looked at the contents of the ProFile hard disk. On a conventional computer, this is called a catalog or directory list- ing, and you get it by typing in a com- mand. What’s the command? Well, it’s CATALOG, or CAT, or DIR, or FILES, or any of a bunch of other variations, depending on what computer and what operating system you're using. Of course, if you’re using an application program, it might be somethng else, probably some control-character, if you can get it at all. And, of course, you can bet that whatever the command is in one program, it'll be completely different when using another program on the same computer. On the Lisa, there was no command. We simply pointed at the ProFile, then selected a menu item, all with the mouse. Number of keystrokes required: zero. What if we wanted to look at the Pro- File contents while we were using one of the Lisa applications? The procedure is exactly the same. No matter what you're doing, even if you're right in the middle of entering a cell in LisaCale or reshaping a polygon in LisaDraww, you can select the ProFile icon and open it. Of course, you can also leave the Pro- File’s window open so that you can see the ProFile’s contents all the time. If another window that you open covers up the ProFile window, just click in the Pro- File window and it becomes complete- ly visible. The ability to perform virtually any action (like looking at the ProFile’s con- tents even while you’re working on another document) is extremely power- ful and quite unique in the world of com- puters. This capability, which is tech- nically called being modeless, extends throughout the Lisa Office System. The Lisa tries very hard never to lock you into a “mode”, in which commands sud- denly do very different things than they do in a different mode. This use of dif- ferent commands is very disconcerting to the person using the computer and sometimes can destroy work (“Does CTRL-C accept or cancel?”). Consider, for example, many word processing pro- grams which move the cursor by means of arrow keys. Most of the time, this movement simply repositions the cur- sor, but once the user gets into “delete mode”, cursor movement suddenly gob- bles up any text that’s moved over. As I said, very disconcerting. The Lisa Office System and its ap- plications work hard to be modeless to avoid situations like this. The system of windows is a fundamental way to get away from modes. In the few cases where modes are used, the mode be- comes a window. This changes an ab- stract concept (a mode, which you can’t see) into a concrete one (a window, which you can see). Let’s continue to review the actions we've taken so far. After opening the ProFile, we wanted to look at the Apple Orchard folder. Following the same steps as before, we opened the file folder icon, and were then shown its contents. Although this action doesn’t have a direct counterpart on other systems, itis very much like getting a listing of a sub- directory. Subdirectories, which are used by Apple///’s SOS, Unix, and other operating systems which work with large disk drives, provide a way of grouping similar things, much like file folders in the Lisa Office System. Find- ing out what’s in subdirectory usually requires a command a lot like the ones used for finding out what's in a direc- tory. After opening the Apple Orchard file folder, we decided we wanted to take a look at the document called 1984 Budget. In order to do that, we once again followed the procedure of select- ing something (the document) and then performing some action upon it (open- ing it). The icon zoomed open into a win- dow and the document became visible (see Figure 5). How would we perform a similar func- tion with a conventional system? Well, first we would have to enter some com- mand to run a spreadsheet program from our hard disk. Then, after the spreadsheet was loaded, we would enter a command in the spreadsheet to load a file, then type in the file name. Transend stands for innovative electronic communi- cations for your personal computer. Quickly. Easily Affordably CA 951 Circle HelpCard No. 65 ansend. At com, ailers nationwide (408) 94 BM Pc 1 Machines. Corpor n+ Apple isa November 1983 17 Oops—what if we've forgotten the name of the file we wanted to load? No problem. Just enter the spreadsheet’s command for listing a catalog. After you find the file’s correct name, just go back to the spreadsheet’s load command and type in the file's name. Counting the command which started the spread- sheet, we're up to about 15 keystrokes (it would have been more if we had used a name longer than 1984 Budget for our document). By the way, for those of you who haven't been counting, we have so far used the Lisa’s keyboard a grand total of... uh, we haven’t used it yet. In fact, that’s another cornerstone of the Lisa Office System’s philosophy: the mouse is used for making the Lisa do things; the keyboard is used for entering text and data. This fundamental separation of tasks is one of the things which makes the Lisa so easy to learn and use. There are no cryptic commands to learn. Actions are performed in the simplest way possible, often by just pointing at the thing you want to work with, then selecting a menu item. The only time you have to go to the keyboard is when you want to type in some information. Another interesting observation: with Lisa, you don’t “run a program” and “load a file.” These two actions are combined for you into one simple action: opening a document. This method has many advantages. One of the most im- portant is that you never have to remem- ber the name of a program or file. You never have to go through the frustration of knowing something is out there on the disk, but that you're just spelling it wrong, surely one of the cruellest tricks a computer can play on a human. You may also have noticed that the names of documents and file folders are rather unrestricted. Unlike conven- tional systems, which usually limit you arbitrarily to short names composed of a small number of characters, Lisa names can be 63 characters long and can con- tain any of the characters you can type at the keyboard. By the way, the Lisa’s keyboard is extremely versatile. In ad- dition to typing all the standard type- writer characters, you can type lots of other symbols, including various com- mon foreign characters, by using the Lisa’s option key. This key acts as a second shift key to give you more flexi- bility. I mentioned that the names of Lisa objects are limited to 63 characters. What happens if we try to exceed that 18 Apple Orehard Da oO: oO 4 im i er cee i A Fa in 1 1954 Boget Staff list cupeara Krstacaset| freee Figure 4 F File/Print Edit Type Style Page Layout Format _Prote en ss as Profile eo! 6 Cells: Value: k dss acai Be ee Lisenite | LM Formula: a | f oI Budget | Actual. 1. Enpy Fe Senuary, February |) G i cugeong) | estebaiet ote [ ctrore Figure 5 8 a : You cannot use more than 63 characters in an object name. This file folder nae an extramely long name which will be 1 1 i il — se fe i (Cupboara astecasht Prope Prefermces Figure 6 = My company, International Datawares, is a manufacturer and wholesale distributor of media storage devices for the computer industry. It has a line of over 62 different items dealing with media storage, mailing, shipping and soon. With more than 3,000 orders a year, the staff was often processing, shipping and invoicing 20 or more orders a day. Getting better operational control of the business, without adding more staff, became my biggest headache. “It took a little searching, but I finally found VersaForm, the business database” What the business really needed was a powerful database manager that was easy to use. Impossible? Not at all. 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Since all the business transactions are recorded with VersaForm, it takes justa little over an hour a month to “VersaForm saved us hiring two people.’ By Ken Silverman, President, International Datawares, Inc. pull together every managing report that our CPA needs. Including the Sales Journal, Deposits for the month by day, Receivables Journal, Tax Liability Statement, even the Bank Reconciliation Statement This makes the work for our accountant so easy, the fees were cut in half, and his time is put to much more profitable use. (He loves it). “Our full-time bookkeeper is VersaForm” VersaForm does it all now. It locates, controls, and interrelates just about any kind of infor- mation. It handles customer orders and inventory. It fills out invoices, statements and mailing labels. It prints reports for the accountant, and does the calculating for these functions auto- matically. It even writes out the checks. In fact, it handles all the bookkeeping so efficiently, we thought it was about time to start expanding. “Welcome to the line, VersaForm” There's no better endorsement we could give than to carry VersaForm as part of the company line. Speaking from experience, VersaForm is the most important database and bookkeeping system a small business can buy. It's truly in a class of its own. We'll deliver VersaForm with a complete 30-day money-back guarantee. It's available now for just $339.00 for floppy disk system (Reg. $389). And to make it even easier for you to get started, for a limited time we'll send you a FREE pre-designed Application ‘Template with your order (worth up to $49.95). So why wait? You've got nothing to lose, and control of your business to gain. Fill in the form below right now. California residents add 614% sales tax. (Please allow 3-4 weeks for delivery.) For ordering or to get more information, mail to: International Datawares, Inc., 910 George Street, Santa Clara, CA 95050 Please send me. VersaForm Business Database Pro; -lunder — | stand I may return these materials within 30 days of receipt for a full refund if not completely satisfied. | C1 Check or money order enclosed. | CCharge to my: OVisa CO MasterCard Exp. Date. Card No. | OOC.O.D. (Add $10) | TAME | RW | ADDRESS (NO BOKNO,, PLEASE) | av SINE iP | Hardware Choices and Cost: Template Choices: CO Apple Il (floppy) $339 CInvoicing | DApple Il (hard) $445 Ci Purchase Order DApple Ill (floppy/hard) $445 Ci Mailing List | IBM PC $339 O Cash Receipts Journal | IBM XT $339 Expense Journal/Distribution | Or phone: (800) 538-8157 x 934. Inside CA: (800) 672-3470 x 934 Circle HelpCard No. 75 limit? I’m glad I asked that question, because if gives us a chance to see how Lisa handles error messages. You can see what happens by looking at Figure 6. Actually, the term “error messages” isn’t really fair. Apple calls them alert boxes, and this is a typical example of what happens when something goes wrong. Note the oval marked “Cancel” on the right side of the alert box. As you probably figured out, by pointing at this oval (called a button) and clicking the mousebutton, the alert vanishes and un- covers whatever was behind it on the Desktop. That’s what happens when there’s an error: no muss, no fuss. In order for the metaphor of the Desk- top to be effective, it must truly allow us to manipulate things in the computer by using the icons. The Lisa Office System lives up to this expectation. For exam- ple, if we want to make a duplicate copy of any of the documents or file folders, such as Staff list, all we have to do is select the document by pointing at it and pressing the mouse button, then choos- ing Duplicate from the File/Print menu. This creates a new copy of Staff list, which we can then put into any file folder. APPLE /// RS232 DRIVER “SLOT SELECTIVE” $10 Need a second RS232 (Serial Port) on your Apple ///? This new driver is “SLOT SELECTIVE” and works with the Apple Il Super Serial Card. Just put the Super Serial Card in any of the four slots in your Apple ///, edit the slot using the system utilities, add driver to the boot disk, and you now have two RS232 ports available - one for a printer and maybe the other for a modem. Cost: $10.00 Order From: INTERNATIONAL APPLE CORE™ 908 George Street Santa Clara, CA 95050 614% Sales tax for California Residents Circle HelpCard No. 32 20 Apple Orchard The Lisa's floppy disk drives come to life any time we insert a diskette into either disk drive. After a few seconds a new icon appears on the desktop: it’s a picture of a diskette. If we opened the diskette we would see that it contains file folders and documents, just like the ProFile. What if we wanted to move a docu- ment from a diskette to the ProFile? Easy. We just point at the document and hold the mouse button down while we move the document over to the ProFile icon. Of course. Now let’s take a look at how some of the Lisa applications work. Right now our LisaCale spreadsheet, 1984 Budget, is active. As I mentioned earlier, we have complete freedom over the appear- ance of the window. We can make it larger or smaller with the sizing box; we can move it anywhere on the Desktop. We can also scroll through the sheet with the scroll controls. If we want to enter values in some of the cells, we first select the cell by pointing at it and press- ing the button; then we type in the value. If we want to add something to an entry we've already made, here's the procedure. We select the cell by pointing at it and clicking. The pointer then changes appearance: it turns tall and thin (wish I could do that). This is called the text pointer. Now we point between the characters and click again. We can now type our added characters. It’s im- portant to realize that we have not been put into an “insert mode” which we can get stuck in. If we wanted to, we could move the pointer (it would change back into an arrow as soon as it was outside this cell) and select something else. What if we want to delete some text? If you think we're going to get into “delete mode”, you just haven’t been reading very closely. To delete text, we first select it. We do this by pointing at the first character to delete, pressing and holding down the mouse button while we move the pointer to the last character, and letting up on the button. As soon as we let up on the button, the text we've selected is highlighted on the screen. Now we pull down the Edit menu and choose Cut. Zap! The selected text is gone. What happened to “delete mode”? There was none, so nobody will ever get hopelessly lost in it, deleting things they don’t want to delete. We've talked about insert and delete, and there’s one other basic editing func- tion: replacing some text with other text. For example, if we had typed “big old dog” and we wanted to change it to “big happy dog”, we would first select the word “old” by pointing in front of the “o” and holding the button down while we move the pointer past the “d”. Then we would simply type “happy”, the re- placement. Again, no modes in sight! The best thing about these editing features is this: anywhere on the Lisa, anytime you need to edit text, these techniques work exactly the same way as they did here. Exactly. Always. Whether you’re changing the name of a document, entering a phone number ina LisaList document, typing a letter with LisaWrite, or putting in your budget, text editing is consistent. The advan- tage of this is incredible. Instead of hav- ing to relearn basic actions in different applications, the same techniques are repeated throughout the Lisa Office System. Integration without Busing Another Lisa feature is the ability to take data from one document and put it into another. For example, if you've got a picture in a LisaDraw document that you want to put into a different Lisa- Draw document, Lisa lets you make a copy of the picture and paste it into the other document. You can also move infor- mation between some documents of dif- ferent types—for example, you can make a copy of a schedule from a Lisa- Project document and paste it into a LisaDraw document. Here, we're going to copy some of our 1984 Budget information and paste it into the LisaWrite document called Memo. In this case, we're after the infor- mation for January through September. Here’s how we do it. First we point at one corner of the information we want to copy and hold the button down; we move the pointer to the opposite corner of the range of cells and release the button. This causes the cells between the two points to become highlighted on the screen (see Figure 7). Now we pull down the Edit menu and choose Copy. This tells the Lisa to make a copy of the selec- ted cells. This is the information which we will paste into the Memo in a mo- ment. But wait! The Lisa is supposed to rep- resent things as physical objects on a “desktop.” If we've made a copy of this information, where is it? Well, it’s inside another icon: the Clipboard. In fact, we Page Layout Format Protect Cateuiate z = ProFile || 1994 Budcet. || Value: Figure 7 I ga sks UHR TEST SiO EY ae EET 13 z ProFile Figure 8 " File/Print Edit Seorch Type Style Format Page Leyout Figure 9 FRUSTRATED BY ENTRY ERRORS? NOT wit Astroflex> UNIVERSAL COPY HOLDER™ ..increases accuracy, eliminates errors. entry data positioned wherever it is most comfortable for you .. reduces eye movements, back and neck strain. specially comfortable for bi-focal wearers. ...33" reach, clears clutter, swings away when not in use. all steel, computer white clamps to any surface, tilts and swings to any angle. metal clip holds sheets of paper securely. PHONE ORDERS ACCEPTED (800) 824-7888 — — -AskforOperator 883. __ __ [B.R. Green (213) 652-4971 [ 410 N. Huntley Dr. | Los Angeles, CA 90048 Quantity Item Bice il | Copy Holder] $29.95 1 I cao-9 Merchandise Total | Shipping’Hanating | Sooper unk | Tax (Cal. residents | add'6°-%) | | Total | Name Vases { Voy | Ise op \ | card I Card number \ Gard Holder [Signature Circle HelpCard No. 74 21 can see it. If we point at the Clipboard icon, select it, and choose Open Clip- board from the File/Print menu, we see the cells we just copied from the 1984 Budget document (see Figure 8). Great! Now we have to open the Memo. We can’t see most of the Apple Orchard win- dow (where the Memo document is filed), so we point at the part of the window we can see and press the mouse button. This uncovers the Apple Orchard win- dow and makes it completely visible. Now we can select the Memo icon and choose Open “Memo” from the File/ Print menu, and it zooms open into a window. We point at the place in the Memo where we want the information to be placed, then click the mouse button to mark it. We pull down the Edit menu and choose Paste, and we're done (see Figure 9). That’s it. We have just moved infor- mation from our spreadsheet into our memo, quickly, easily, and without enter- ing one single command—we’ve done it entirely by pointing at things with the mouse. If you don’t think this is a remark- ably easy and powerful way to do things, try it sometime. Prints Charming One of the nicest things about the Lisa is that it doesn’t force you to believe in the “paperless office.” It acknowledges that producing paper documents is a very important part of any office sy tem, and the Lisa’s printing capabilities are astonishing. Using the Lisa applica- tions you can create a large variety of text and graphics, and everything you see on the screen can be printed on Ap- ple’s Dot Matrix Printer. This printer, which Apple sells for less than $700, pro- duces quality which must be seen to be believed (so look at Figure 10!). This printing of our memo was produced ona dot matrix printer. Almost as remarkable as the output is the way the document was created. All of the large text, boldfaced text, and italics were created without the aid of any “control characters” or special com- mands in the text. Instead, the text was selected with the mouse, and the special type was chosen from the Type Style menu. What's more, the large, boldfac- ed, and italic text were displayed on the sereen in the document's window. The fancy term for this is visual fidelity, but it’s more popularly known as “what you see is what you get.” 22 Apple Orchard Interoffice Memo To: Bob Jones Mike Smith Dal ictober 27, 1984 Sutyect: Budget data September Thanks for your prompt attention Bob--~ Here is the budget information you requested: Budget Actual January 1254 1260 February 1354 1400 March 1463 1354 April 1580 May 1706 June July August to this most important matter. Figure 10 These are just a few of the things you can do with text on the Lisa. You can also change fonts, choosing from 10, 12, and 15 pitch, as well as proportional spaced characters. And, of course, some of the Lisa Applications, such as Lisa- Draw and LisaGraph, help you create marvelous graphics. Adding text to these graphics is easy, and you can usually choose from the same vast array of fonts and type styles. All of this can be printed on the Dot Matrix Printer. (In case you're interested, printing a docu- ment involves choosing “Print” from the File/Print menu, then clicking “OK” ina box that comes up on the screen). By the way, Apple’s Daisy Wheel Printer also works with the Lisa. Its main advantage is that it produces fully- formed characters rather than dense dot-matrix ones. However, in order to print all the Lisa’s different fonts, it requires a change of type wheels. And furthermore... There’s an awful lot more to Lisa. For example, to get your diskette out, you have to press a button above the drive. The Lisa will then politely ask you to wait while it puts all the disk’s docu- ments away before ejecting the diskette. When you turn the Lisa off, it does the same thing: it puts everything away, then shuts off. There are lots of little touches, too, such as the way it always opens a window to the exact size and shape it was in when you last worked with it. Lisa is a remarkably well-designed system. The care that was taken in put- ting the Lisa together is obvious. When some of the other systems that use a mouse and windows come along, run- ning on computers which were really designed to handle the lesser demands of more conventional software, it will be very interesting indeed to see how they compare to Lisa. On second thought, it probably won't be a very interesting comparison at all. @ EPSON PRINTER POWER FROM APPLEWRITER II - //e Unlike many word processors, Applewriter I L-/e is able to take advantage of all that Ep- son power and with GLOSSARYONE it's simple! Using single, easy to remember keystrokes, you can: MM <> FM BACKSPACE TU eg. MAKE # OR 8 COMPRESS WIDTH DUUBLE STRIKE EMPHASIZE ITALICIZE SUrERGcRieT AND sumecerer UNDERLINE DOUBLE WIDTH COMPRESS DOUBLE WIDTH COMBINE #Cr -+ Mn + ye + ve USE FX ELITE & PROPORTIONAL SPACE INSERT FX INTL. CHARACTERS Mx LINE GRAFHIC CHARACTERS & OTHER SPECIAL CHARACTERS pe~ @s e309 Do all this and more! So order now and stop memorizing control codes! For disk and simple instructions send 17.95 (FX 19.95) plus 1.50 postage & handling to Mike Iversen MIJO CO. #1 Jo-Lin Ct., El Sobrante, CA 94803 e PHONE (415) 655-2158 Specify AW] [-MX or FX or AW//e-FX or MX version, Circle HelpCard No. 43 \t Ht LA = = f INTRODUCING WILDCARD PLUS. THE COPYCARD THAT'S MORE THAN A COPYCAT. Manufacturers protect their software. WILDCARD PLUS. WILDCARD PLUS protects yours. Aname that speaks for itself. You have invested a lot of money in software for your Wildcard is the name that stands for uncompromising Apple® Wildcard Plus makes sure that this investment is quality. Which is not surprising when you consider that protected by making invaluable archival copies. Wildcard is the runaway leader in the field Rather than copying disks track by rack, Wildcard Plus Others compare themselves to the Wildcard, some even copies your total load programs right from the computer's copy us. But other copycards can’t match the Wildcard’s memory. This creates an accurate and undetectable copy of capabilities and reputation. the original program. When you're looking for a copycard you can rely on, look Now you can back up twice as much in half the time. to Wildcard and Wildcard Plus. They are the back up cards Because Wildcard Plus doesn’t stop at 48K or even 64K, but that stack the deck in your favor. copies all the way up to 128K on an Apple® Ile. And does it Wildcard Plus is available for $189.95. Wildcard for in less than 30 seconds. $139.95. Order by phone, (212) 355-2860 or complete the coupon below and send your check, money order, Visa or Mastercard No. to East Side Software Co., 344 E. 63 Street, Suite 14-A, New York City 10021. Dealer inquiries welcome. Fptcase send WILDCARD PLUS(S), $189.95 each. Total a | Please send WILDCARD(S), $139.95 each. Total______ Include $4.00 for shipping and handling. Outside continental U.S. add $10.00 | | forshipping and banding. New York Site residents add applicable sales ax. D> heek enclosed Ci Visa) Master card | Guano Expires | Name on Card In addition, back ups can be quickly booted with or [Name | without Wildcard Plus and without messy packing or | Address (UPS delivery) | complicated parameter settings. |Gy State | “\,_No other card is faster, easier to use, or more powerful. | East Side Software Co. 344 E. 63 Street, Suite 14-A WILDCARD PLUS |New York, NY 10021 unlocks the potential of your Apple. Wildcard Plus offers a unique system that combines DAFORTANT NOTICE: Tie WEDCARD. hesris podenpe eaeings aed ? . cop you to make archival copies only. Under the Copyright Law you, as the owner of a copy ROM and RAM. ROM allows for fast, easy copies ofa computer program, are entitled to make a new copy for archival purposes only and using a simple menu driven system. The RAM. the WILDCARD will enable you to do so. The WILDCARD is offered for no other i + purpose and you are not permitted to utilize it for any other use, other than specified. permits, uulity modules to be loaded onto the card. Sofiware is not copy protected. System requirements: Apple II, II Plus or Apple Ie This extends Wildcard’s function far beyond that of and DOS 3,3. Franklin Ace also supported. mere copycard. Wildcard and Wildcard Plus are trademarks of East Side Sofiware Co. (© 1983 East Sie Software Co, Circle HelpCard No. 23 Your SOS Deserves a Clock or A 30 Minute, Do-It-Yourself Project for the Apple /// by Arthur E. (‘Skip’) Anderson // ost likely, your Apple /// is missing its clock chip. Having never had it, you’ve missed a great deal: Automatic time stamping of files, the ability to use Backup /// to automatically backup/restore files by date, the ability to ask and receive the proper time and date, and (almost) never having to set the time on computer power-up. I know what you're thinking: “Why me? Why can’t I have a clock chip too? How come I'm always the last guy on the block to own a clockchip? Why can’t I keep up with the Joneses?” Well, now you too can own one! And best of all the Apple /// clock chip does not use any additional slots, nor will it cost you an arm and a leg. When the Apple /// was first introduced, one of its im- proved features was a built-in clock. There were some prob- lems achieving quality consistency, however, and the deci- sion was made to kill time. Early /// purchasers got a refund check for $50, and the clock was made to disappear. Apple folks began asking, “What clock?”. If you have early versions of the manuals, you know about the reserved variables in Business BASIC and Pascal. But the clock chips have come up in reliability, and that empty slot can now be filled. Your Cost: The author has used his clock for more than a year now and has modified several Apple ///s. In the last month Peter Weiglin, Editor and Publisher of Apple Orchard, has mod- 24 Apple Orchard ified a half-dozen Apple ///s. If he can do it, almost anybody can do it! We think that it’s possible for every Apple ///er to have his own, but there is a cost (Ah ha!): 1. You must accept responsibility for tinkering on your Apple ///. Apple Computer Inc., Apple Orchard, and the author can not be responsible for your work. It will undoubtedly void your warranty (if you have one). 2. Installation will require approximately 30 minutes of your time. Futhermore, you will need some technical ability, in- cluding the ability to solder wires, a working knowledge of ICs (which way they go in), and the ability to disassemble and reassemble the bottom of your Apple ///. You may wish to ask your dealer to perform the installation. 8. You will need to purchase the following hardware at an approximate cost of $10.00 (Yes folks! That’s ten big ones!): a. One MM58167 clockchip. National Semiconductor man- ufactures this integrated circuit and its technical data sheet. Typical mailorder prices range from seven to ten dollars. Many parts vendors stock these chips so shop around if you like. Mailorder suppliers will often provide data sheets upon request. b. A battery holder that will hold two (or three) cells of the penlight or “AA” battery size, and the battery clip that a 9- ERROR: ERROR ERROR ERROR ERROR ERROR Locksmith 5.0"... Before It’s Too Late. If something can go wrong, it will. At the worst possible moment That’s why you can count on a vital disk failing just when you need it most. Maybe it simply wore out . . . or was damaged by static electricity . . . or spilled cola rendered the disk unusable. Without a backup copy, you'll quickly find yourself at the end of your rope. Fortunately, there is the new, state-of-the-art Locksmith 5.0. Two years of research went into this up- dated version of the undisputed leader in software backup programs. The new Locksmith 5.0 deciphers the latest, most sophisticated copy protection devices. So you can make OMEGA MICROWARE, INC. 222 S. RIVERSIDE PLAZA CHICAGO, IL 60606 (312) 648-4844 And, with the Locksmith 5.0, backups will be easy to make. It offers you a new, highly detailed owner's manual that clearly takes you step-by-step through each operation. The cost? Locksmith 5.0 retails for just $99.95. And the deal is even sweeter if you own an earlier Locksmith version. Locksmith 4.X owners can upgrade for only $24.95—3.X owners for only $39.95 (direct from Omega). When your disks fail, don’t be left hanging. Back them up with Locksmith 5.0. It’s available from your nearest dealer now. If he’s out of stock, order direct from Omega MicroWare, Inc. by calling toll free: 1-800-835-2246 (Kansas residents call 1-800-362-2421). Or simply send $99.95 plus $3.50 for shipping ™ backups of virtually alll Apple- compatible programs*—more than any other nibble copier now available. copyright notices and serial numbers. © Omega MicroWare, Inc. 1983 Note: Locksmith 5.0 copies everything from your original program, including all Locksmith is a trademark of Omega MicroWare, Inc. ‘Apple Computer is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. and handling charges to OMEGA MICROWARE INC. Apple liE-compatibie! Circle HelpCard No. 48 volt battery or the holder plugs into. A two or three battery holder will work fine. They cost about $1.00. Typical vendors are mail-order vendors and Radio Shack, ete. You need 3 cells to provide 4.5 volts for the clock when the computer is turned off. 4.5 volts is the maximum. If you can find only a 4-battery holder, use it, and wire a jumper in place of one of the bat- teries. c. Enough penlight batteries to fill up your battery holder, i.e. two or three “AA” cells. Approximate cost is $1.00. These batteries ensure that the clockchip can continue to keep time. Two batteries will provide three volts, which will keep the chip operating. But the time between replacements is much longer if three batteries are used. d. Two lengths of wire, 20 to 24 inches long. Prefer No. 24 size wire, and different colors (e.g., red and black) for the wires. Because you will mount the battery pack next to your Apple /// speaker and run the wires down to the main cireuit board, you will need about 24 inches of lead length. e. In order to attach the battery pack onto the Apple /// chassis (next to the speaker), you will need something sticky. Scotch (3M) brand double-sided adhesive mounting squares work great. Some people prefer to use adhesive Velcro strips for this. The mounting squares are available at stationery stores, ete., for about $1.00. Installation: Thanks to Apple Computer, Inc., about 99% of the hard- ware installation job and 100% of the software installation is done!! (Great folks there at Apple, even if they won’t ad- mit it!) To install your clock: 1. Gather together the above mentioned parts. 2. Gather your tools together. You will need a Phillips screw- driver, a flathead screw driver, a small soldering iron (i.e. 20- 40 watt), and a small amount of 60%-tin rosin core solder. Don’t usea soldering gun, and don’t use acid-core solder. Also, don’t use “non-corroding” paste flux. 3. Chances are that your battery clip came with two short wires attached. Now attach the wire leads to these short wires; red to red and black to black (or green to green, etc.) Wrap these joints with electrical tape to insulate them. With most battery clips, the positive wire is red. It’s the one going to the female connector on the battery clip. Remember, the male connector on the battery is positive, which means that the female connector on the clip is positive. Check to make sure which is which. 4. Disconnect power cables from your Apple ///. Take the top cover off your Apple /// and remove all of the accessory cards from the slots. The red LED on the main board, next to the accessory cards, must NOT be lit. (If the LED is lit, then you forgot to disconnect the power.) Remember where each card needs to be re-installed. 5. Carefully remove the large bottom plate from the bottom of your Apple ///. This plate has the Apple/// main circuit board mounted on it. Note where each of the external wires connect onto the main board, just in case you accidently pull a connec- tor off! 26 Apple Orchard 6. Feed the battery-holder wires down through a hole next to the speaker. Using a screw driver, connect the negative lead, under the screw as illustrated in Figure 1. Solder the positive lead to the printed circuit board at the hole as shown in Figure 1. 7. Insert the MM58167 cloekchip in the IC-socket at the front of the main board as shown in Figure 1. This socket is located at board coordinate: B-3. The socket is labeled 58167. Make sure the MM58167 is inserted in the socket with the notch fac- ing forward, like the adjacent ICs. (This insures that pin #1 is aligned properly.) Be sure that all pins are seated proper- ly. 8. Re-attach the connectors to the motherboard, and replace the bottom of the Apple ///. Be sure each of the external con- nectors are still attached to the main board. 9. Insert all of your accessory cards back into their proper slots. 10. Insert the batteries into the battery-holder, and attach the battery pack next to the speaker using a double-sided ad- hesive mounting square. Remember to put the batteries in properly. 11. Putthe top cover back onto your Apple ///and reconnect the power cord. 12. Using your System Utilities diskette, set the time. If your clock chip is working properly, then you should see the seconds ticking away in the top left corner of your screen. If not, then you must recheck your work. If your clockchip com- pletely loses its time setting when you power down the Apple ///, then something is wrong with the battery pack or its installation. To make fine adjustments to the clock, there is a poten- tiometer (actually a variable capacitor) under the Apple ///’s keyboard, which you adjust with a screwdriver. If, as we found with one motherboard, the clock runs at about 10 times normal speed, get the motherboard fixed or replaced. This could bea problem until Apple acknowledges the existence of the clock; they won’t fix what they claim doesn’t exist! A Clockchip in time, saves your mind: The Apple /// clock chip will save you a great deal of trou- ble. SOS will time/date stamp your files each time you save them! You will always know when you last updated a file (or the last time you messed up a file!). If you keep regular bac- kups of your work, you'll know which file to retrieve. That alone is worth a fortune! Now that you have time on your hands (ha, ha, ha), you might want to play with your clock. But what software ean use this clock, you say? The following is a list of some pro- grams which are known to use the clockchip: 1. SOS. Automatically time & date stamps files. Any files saved through SOS (such as AppleWriter, Pascal, VisiCalc, ete.) automatically enjoy this benefit! I have yet to find a pro- gram that didn’t enjoy this benefit! Also you can make the direct SOS calls: GET TIME and SET TIME. 2. Apple /// Pascal. You ean use the Pascal filer to set and read the time and date. You can use the procedures: DATE(D), TIMEOFDAY(T), CLOCKINFO(...), and SET- eq 341-0035-00 ol 3) Apple i nlltantiaid yaa 4 solder positive wire ert negative wire under screw eter Figure 1 8304 q 7289 tss9 clock chip here time adjust TIME(...). Information is on Page 50 of Volume 2, Apple Pascal Programmer’s Manual . . . at least the edition I have. 38. Apple/// Business BASIC. You may run the timeset pro- gram. The reserved variables DATE$ and TIMES are avail- able even though they are not mentioned in the later editions of the manuals!! 4. Apple/// COBOL. You can use the COBOL utility “date”. The compiler time stamps the listing. 5. Softeard /// (CP/M card). You can use the time utility to set and read the internal Apple ///clock. 6. Backup ///. This fine utility will reference the clockchip as the date and time that the backup was taken. Furthermore, since SOS now time stamps your files, you may backup/ restore files by date/time! 7. AppleWriter ///. You may set the date/time using the SOS commands menu entrl-O. 8. Apple ///Utilities. This program allows you to set the date/time. The screen will also contain the current time. 9. The [AC's CP/M —} SOS Textmover. The current time is contained on the screen. 10. Volition System’s Modula-2. Support of Applestuff unit and all Pascal calls relating to time. Fun Projects for the Hardcore: For those of you with an uncontrollable desire to play with the clock chip, I have three project suggestions. However, the three suggestions are not trivial! It has been published that the Apple ///’s A/D converter has an analog switch, or multiplexer, on its input. This mul- tiplexer allows selection of one of the eight inputs: the four different joystick inputs, a ground reference, a 2.4 volt refer- ence, an unused input, and the clockchip battery. It would therefore be possible to examine and report the clock’s bat- tery condition from a program. See references 1 and 3 for further reading. Your clockchip is rumored to have an output that drives pin #4 on your color port connector. The Apple /// Owner's Guide, page 132, calls this PDI. Nothing more is said. (Clever, huh?) The MM58167 has a Power Down Interrupt mode (de- scribed by the data sheet as a ‘standby interrupt’). This out- put allows the clockchip to set off an alarm (i.e. pin #4) at a predetermined time. One good use of this would be a wakeup- during-low-telephone-rates and send/download a message program. See reference 1 for more information. The MM58167 clockchip has a small calibration adjust- ment (also adjustable from under the keyboard). This vari- able capacitor should be adjusted so that the clockchip and the 32KHz cystal keep accurate time. A smart program could measure the timing error and display it on the screen. Inter- nal measurements could be made via the video field rate, the VIA timers, software timing loops, etc. See reference 1 for the circuit description. T hope this article shares some valuable information with you , and helps you to tinker your way into an inexpensive Apple /// clock. It has been a pleasurable accessory for my Apple /// and I hope you enjoy it as much as I have. References: 1. National Semiconductor's MM58167 Data sheet. Dated July 9,1979. About 6 pages long, including pinouts, timing diagrams, and circuit examples. 2. “It's /// O'clock and All's Well”, by John Jeppson, page 69, Softalk, November 1982. 3. “Hot Rod ///, Start Your Engines!”, by George Oetzel, page 90, Sof talk, August 1983. rm e November 1983 27 Inside Apple Vol. 1, No. 3 le’s new ieee I, A sight for sore eyes. If you've been using aT V as a monitor, perhaps you can get a friend to read this for you: Apple's brand new Monitor IL will improve your vision. It features all the latest ergonomic improvements in monitor technology. For example: Studies have shown that the leading cause of eye fatigue for computer users is Tack of contrast between the displayed characters and their background. So we designed the Monitor ILaround a high contrast green phosphor CRT that provides an extremely dark background. That means you can read text at a lower brightness. And that means you can be more productive — working longer and more comfortably. Toward that same end, we also gave Monitor Ila tilt screen. So you can angle it perfectly for your working position, without scooting your chair around or sitting on phone books. And we made that screen antireflective to reduce glare from ambient light. Monitor Il also features a high bandwidth video amplifier and a high tolerance linearity circuit. The former keeps characters from smearing accurate graphics. Designed as the perfect system partner for the Apple’ Ile Personal Computer, Monitor II requires no monitor stand. It’s a perfect fit, aesthetically as well as technically. So it’s pleasing to the eye even when it's turned off. See for yourself. At your local authorized Apple dealer. on the screen and eliminates the annoying “ghosts” left by a fast moving cursor. The latter keeps characters crisp, legible and prevents “keystoning” right up to the edges of the display. Both add up to superior display of 80-column text and extremely Screen tilts for best working position. Antireflective screen. Interior of CRT is etched to reduce glare and improve crispness. Fits perfectly atop the Apple Ile. Now Apple plots color Since color graphics are becoming ever more important in business, we ve been hearing more and more calls for a color plotter as reliable as an Apple. Here it is: Apple's new Color Plotter can generate all kinds of presen- tation graphics, engineering drawings or anything else you have to illustrate in up to eight brilliant colors. And it can perform its art on any size paper up to 11"x 17" Or, with optional transparency pens, it can draw right on transparent film for overhead projection. Measuring just 4.8"H x 16"W x 12"D, it’s the smallest four- color, wide bed color plotter you can buy — about half the size of conventional flatbed >) plotters. So it takes up less space on your desk and can easily be moved to someone else's desk. There are two color plotter accessory kits to choose from to assure a perfect marriage with your Apple II or Ile, or Apple III. Each kit comes with eight color pens — red, blue, green, black, burnt orange, gold, violet and brown. Plus a starter package of plotter paper. Plus all the manuals, documentation and cables appropriate to your particular kind of Apple. So you can get up and coloring right away. Apple also offers a complete selection of 24 different pen packages — so you can choose whatever colors you need in a variety of widths for a variety of applications and media types. As you might expect, all of the above is available at many of our authorized Apple dealers. High tolerance linearity circuit. High bandwidth video amplifier. Carry onwitl Carry-In No matter how long you've owned your Apple system, you can now get a long term service contract at a very reasonable cost. h AppleCare Service. AppleCare Carry-In Service | 2 is a service plan that will cover most Apple-branded components in your system, for one full year. Tt covers an unlimited number of repairs and is honored by over 1500 authorized Apple dealers nationwide. Apple-trained technicians assure you of the highest quality service, fast — in most cases less than 24 hours. AppleCare Carry-In Service is ideal for anyone who needs to know ahead of time the cost of maintenance for their system. So check out the details — ou'll find it’s the lowest cost ealth plan an Apple can have. Apple Computer Inc, 20525 Mariani Ave., Cupertino, Calif, 9014. For the authorized dealer nearest you, call (800) 538-9696. ©1983 Apple Computer In. ‘AppleCare is a service mark of Apple Computer Inc i Circle HelpCard No. 3 The Videx Ultraterm by Neil D. Lipson, P.E. hen someone told me that Videx was coming out with anew card, I wondered what else they could do to surpass the Videoterm. Well, was I in for a surprise. The Ultraterm has all the features of the old Video- term, and has many other features as well. These features include the following: 1. 24-line by 80-column display 24-line by 96-column display 32-line by 128-column display 24-line by 132-column display 48-line by 80-column display Videoterm emulation of 24-line by 80-column operation Normal/High-resolution character set Normal/Inverse video Highlight/lowlight characters . Stable, flicker-free display with fast hardware scrol- ling 11. Displays al] 96 ASCII characters with true descenders on lower-case characters. 12. 15-character line-drawing set as part of standard char- acter set 13. 7-character block graphics font as part of standard char- acter set 14. 7 by 9 dot character font 15. Operates in any peripheral slot except Slot 0 16. Can be used in the Apple Ile with extended memory card. Sworn .H4sHwN One of the best features of the card was the fantastic manual provided. To call it awesome is an understatement (do I sound like a Valley Girl?). (Schuylkill Valley.— PCW.) Everything is covered. If you still have questions after read- ing this manual, then go back and re-read it. It appears that very little or nothing is left out. My compliments to Videx on producing one of the best manuals that I have ever seen. There are special sections on checkout and troubleshooting, 30 > Apple Orchard and the manual is beautifully typeset. There is a trend now towards these high quality manuals and I am thankful for it. Video Monitor Selection The most important aspect of using this card to the fullest is to have the correct monitor. I personally have the NEC JB- 1201M Green, but it has a fast phospor. I had a problem, however, as in the interlace modes of some of the displays, I got vibrations from the screen. The card draws half of the dots on the character, then quickly draws the other half, and then continues to alternate. If you have a fast monitor, you will see this alternation. It wasn’t intolerable, but could be a problem for some people. If you want the correct monitor for * this card, look at the Amdek 300A. It has a slow phospor, and works perfectly with the card. Better yet, check out monitors at your dealer. My fear was that a monitor with a slow phosphor would have “ghosts” when playing games, being that the display changes rapidly. However, when I tried it out with the Amdek 300A, I found very few problems. It appears that this is the monitor of choice in this situation. Believe it or not, they even have a special 160 character mode, but you have to adjust most monitors to reduce the horizontal width to actually see all the characters. Also, the monitor should be 15 MHz or higher for most of the above applications. I don’t think many people will use the 160 char- acter mode, but you never know. Installation Iquestioned having a section here on installation, as it is so easy, but I will tell you anyway. You plug the card into Slot 3, one of the video cords (the male) into the computer, and plug your monitor into the female cord. It’s that simple. The soft- switch is built into the card. I wondered how the card senses a : RET aE ay OPEN YOUR APPLETO A WORLD OF COMMUNICATION Videx’ new PSIO D