computist scan 08

> HOW TO BACKUP, UNLOCK, OR MODIFY COPY-PROTECTED SOFTWARE Hardcore COMPUTIST Dict. ae « ey ‘Hardcore COMPUTIST ~ P.O. Box 44549 Tacoma, WA 98444 -on the market Issue No. 8 $2.50 ’ Softkey For The Artist Backup this graphic design program and join the world of artistic modification Breaking Windows: Softkey For Legacy Of Llylgamyn A backup procedure for the sequel to Sir-Tech’s Wizardry Best Of The Bit.Copiers: A Comparison Answers to all your questions about the most popular bit copiers BULK RATE U.S. Postage PAID Tacoma, WA Permit No. 269 * APPLIED ENGINEERING IS 100% APPLE That's Why We’re So Good At It! THE NEW TIMEMASTER II am NEW 1984 Automatically date DESIGN stamps files with An official PRO-DOS PRO-DOS Clock © Just plug it in and your programs can read the year, month, date, day, and time to 1 millisecond! The only clock with both year and ms. @ A rechargeable NiCad battery will keep the TIMEMASTER II running. for over ten years © Powerful 2k ROM driver — No clock could be easier to use. © Full emulation of most other clocks, including Thunderclock and Appleclock (but you'll like the TIMEMASTER II mode better). We emulate other clocks by merely dropping off features. We can emulate them but they can’t emulate us. @ Basic, Machine Code, CP/M and Pascal software on 2 disks! © Eight software controlled interrupts so you can execute two programs at the same time (many examples are included). © On-board timer lets you time any interval up to 48 days long down to the nearest millisecond. The TIMEMASTER I! includes 2 disks with some really fantastic time oriented programs (over 40) including appointment book so you'll never forget to do anything again, Enter your appointments up to a year in advance then forget them. Appointment book will remind you in plenty of time. Plus DOS dater so it will automatically add the date when disk files are created or modified. The disk is over a $200.00 value along—we give the software others sell. All software packages for business, data base management and communications are made to read the TIMEMASTER II. If you want the most powerful and the easiest to use clock for your Apple, you want a TIMEMASTER II. PRICE $129.00 Super Music Synthesizer Improved Hardware and Software © Complete 16 voice music synthesizer on one card. Just plug it into your Apple, connect the audio cable (supplied) to your stereo, boot the disk supplied and you are ready to input and play songs. @ It’s easy to program music with our compose software. You will start right away at inputting your favorite songs. The Hi-Res screen shows what you have entered in standard sheet music format. © Now with new improved software for the easiest and the fastest music input system available anywhere. © We give you lots of software. In addition to Compose and Play programs, 2 disks are filled with over 30 songs ready to play. © Easy to program in Basic to generate complex sound effects. Now your games can have explosions, phaser zaps, train whistles, death cries. You name it, this card can do it. Four white noise generators which are great for sound effects Plays music in true stereo as well as true discrete quadraphoni Full control of attack, volume, decay, sustain and release. © Will play songs written for ALF synthesizer (ALF software will not take advantage of all our card's features, Their software sounds the same in our synthesizer) © Our card will play notes from 30HZ to beyond human hearing. Automatic shutoff on power-up or if reset is pushed. @ Many many more features. PRICE $159.00 Z-80 PLUS! @ TOTALLY compatible with ALL CP/M software. © The only Z-80 card with a special 2K “CP/M detector’ chip. Fully compatible with microsoft disks (no pre-boot required). © ‘Specifically designed for high speed operation in the Apple Ile (runs just as fast in the 11+ and Franklin). ‘@ Runs WORD STAR, dBASE I!, COBOL-80, FORTRAN-80, PEACHTREE and ALL other CP/M software with no pre-boot. @ A semi-custom I.C, and a low parts count allows the Z-80 Plus to fly thru CP/M programs at a very low power level. (We use the Z-80A at fast 4MHZ) © Does EVERYTHING the other Z-80 boards do, plus Z-80 interrupts. Don't confuse the Z-80 Plus with crude copies of the microsoft card. The Z-80 Plus employs amuch more sophisticated and reliable design. With the Z-80 Plus you can access the largest body of software in existence. Two computers in one and the advantages of both, all at an unbelievably low price. PRICE $139.00 Viewmaster 80 There used to be about a dozen 80 column cards for the Apple, now there’s only ONE. @ TOTALLY Videx Compatible. 80 characters by 24 lines, with a sharp 7x9 dot matrix. © On-board 40/80 soft video switch with manual 40 column override © Fully compatible with ALL Apple languages and software—there are NO exceptions. Low power consumption through the use of CMOS devices, All connections are made with standard video connectors. Both upper and lower case characters are standard, All new design (using a new Microprocessor based C.R.T. controller) for a beautiful razor sharp display. @ The VIEWMASTER incorporates all the features of all other 80 column cards, plus many new improvements. VIEWMASTER 169 YES YES YES YES YES.YES-oYES-—YES SUPRTERM MORE NO YES NO NO NO NO YES YES WIZARD80. «= MORE NO NO NO NO YIS NO YES YES VISIONSO. = MORE = YES_-—sES/-«NO) NO YS. NQ. NON. OMNIVISION MORE NO YES NO NO NO NO YES YES VIEWMAX8O ~MORE YES YES. «NO. «NOYES. NO NO VES. SMARTERM MORE YfS._ YES. «NO. NO. NO YES. YES-NO. VIDEOTERM «MORE NO NO YES NO YES YES NO YES The VIEWMASTER 80 works with all 80 column applications including CP/M, Pascal, WordStar, Format II, Easywriter, Apple Writer II, VisiCalc, and all others. The VIEWMASTER 80 is THE MOST compatible 80 column card you can buy at ANY price! PRICE $179.00 © Expands your Apple Ile to 192K memory. @ Provides an 80 column text display. © Compatible with all Apple Ile 80 column and extended 80 column card software (same physical size as Apple’s 64K card). @ Can be used asa solid state disk drive to make your programs run up to 20 times FASTER (the 64K configuration will act as half a drive). @ Permits your Ile to use the new double high resolution graphics. Automatically expands Visicalc to 95 K storage in 80 columns! The 64K config. is all that’s needed, 128K can take you even higher. @ PRO-DOS willuse the MemoryMaster Ile asa high speed disk drive. MemoryMaster Ile 128K RAM Card @ Precision software disk emulation for Basic, Pascal and CP/M is available at a very low cost. NOT copy protected. @ Documentation included, we show you how to use all 192K. fyoualready have Apple's 64K card, just order the MEMORYMASTER Ile with 64K and use the 64K from your old board to give you a full 128K. (The board is fully socketed so you simply plug in more chips) MemoryMaster Ile with 128K $249 Upgradeable MemoryMaster Ile with 64K $169 Non-Upgradeable MemoryMaster Ile with 64K $149 ur boards are far superior to most of the consumer electronics made today. All LC.’s are the world. All products work in the APPLE IIE, III and Franklin. The MemoryMaster leis Ie only. Applied Engineering ‘epoxy with gold contacts. Made in America to be the best high quality sockets with mil-spec. components used throughout. P.C. boards are glass- also manufactures afull ine of data acquisition and control products for the Apple; A/D converters and digital /O cards, etc Please call or more information, Allour products are fully tested with complete documentation and available for immediate delivery. All products are guaranteed with a no hassle THREE YEAR WARRANTY. Send Check or Money Order to: APPLIED ENGINEERING P.O. Box 798 Carrollton, TX 75006 Texas Residents Add 5% Sales Tax Add $10.00 If Outside U.S.A. Dealer Inquiries Welcome Call (214) 492-2027 8 am. to 11 p.m. 7 days a week MasterCard, Visa & C.0.D. Welcome No extra charge for credit cards Hardcore COMPUTIST THIS ISSUE: DeProtecting Robotron By Clay Harrell Genetic mutants! Save the last human family and your original Robotron disk. 27 Best Of The Bit Copiers: A Comparison By Phillip Romine Which bit copier should you use anyway? 10 Breaking Windows: Softkey For Legacy Of Lyligamyn By Jim Kaiser Break a few windows and your Legacy of Llyigamyn won’t crash. 12 Softkey For The Artist By Walt Campbell Restore normal DOS to this graphic design utility package. 14 Softkey For Data Factory Version 5.0 By L.S. Davis Unlock this powerful database file management system. CORE Section: 17 Corefiler Formatter By Ray Darrah A versatile program for creating the configuration files required by COREFILER 20 ProDOS Data Encryptor By Gary Peterson Keep unwanted eyes out of your confidential information. 24 Copying The Uncopyable- Essential Data Duplicator By Steven Zupp De-protect this nearly uncopyable program. SPECIAL FEATURES 6 Readers’ Softkey And Copy Exchange Backing-Up The Spy Strikes Back By Clay Harrell Softkey For Hayden Software By Floyd Splidnik How To Copy Apple LOGO By Anne Rachel Gygi 11 Adventure Tips 13,23,26 Advanced Playing Techniques 31 Whiz Kid By Ray Darrah How data is stored on the diskette. DEPARTMENTS 3 Input 26 Corrections 32 Advertiser’s Index Hardcore COMPUTIST no.8 Page 1 Highest Quality, Lifetime Guarantee! DISKETTES 5%" soft-sectored, hub ring, $1 .65 envelopes, double density, double-sided on APPLE drives -- 100 for $155, 100 single-sided for $149. Hard plastic stand-up 10-diskette carrying cases $2.75 each, 4 for $10 (beige, black, blue, green, grey, red, yellow). Smoked- plastic flip-top 75 diskette file cases, $19.50, Heavy-duty nibbling tool, $22. Disk Drives 100% APPLE-compatible, 40- $199 track, full-size, Siemens type quality drives, with manufacturer's 1-year warrantee. Controller card, $65. COD & VISA/Master Card orders welcome. Add $4 for shipping & handling (only $2 for orders under $50) plus 6% sales tax for DC residents. Send for our catalo VF ASSOCIATES Western Ave., N.W., Wash., D.C. 20015 (202) 363-1313 ONE PASS COPY $29.95 The Copy Machine Does for disks what Xerox did for paper. + Don't let backing-up slow you down, + Examples Copy Apple System Master on one drive in one pass and 38 seconds Compared to two and a half minutes with COPYA, + Copy a disk with a 128 sector Po ‘on two drives in EIGHTEEN Gece i 1 minute 33 seconds with COPYA. RAM DRIVE $24.95 + Use your extra memory as a Disk Drive No hardware needed. + AILDOS commands work the same + 310 sectors with a 128K Apple ile 63 sectors on any 64K Apple lle of II. That's more room than any other Software + Incredibly fast — you have to see it to appreciate the speed and reliability. + Thisis the fastest possible copy system on Apples. + Make backing up a pleasure. Copy most disks in one pass and a fraction of the time * Change parameters — INIT, bypass bad sectors, etc + Ifyou backup your work, you owe it to yourself to use ONE PASS COPY. SPEED-DOS $24.95 + Improves SAVE, LOAD, BLOAD BSAVE, RUN and BRUN times up to 500%. + Compatible with RAM DRIVE, all DOS ‘Commands, most programs + Bload HI-RES screen from floppy in ‘3 seconds, from RAM DRIVE in half a second! + Completely unprotected. Add to any program. SPECIAL POWER PACK GET ALL 3 DISKS “= $49.95 To Order: 1) Mail or phone orders accepted. 2) Check, COD. VISA or MC (include exp. date and signature) 3} Add $1.50 US. shipping 4) Add $5.00 foreign 5) Specify 64K or 128K Apple when + Easy to use documentation + All disks copyable, catalogable. + Dealer inquiries welcome ordering RAM DRIVE Software banc, inc. 1225 N. Water Street Milwaukee, WI 53202 vavooH (414) 271-0100 (312) 876-0715 Publisher/Editor Charles Haight Technical Editors Gary Peterson Ray Darrah Production & Graphics Lynn Campos-Johnson Circulation Valerie Robinson Michelle Frank Business Manager Ken Fields Advertising Attn: Valerie Robinson Advertising Department 3710 100th St. SW Tacoma, WA 98499 Printing Grange Printing, Inc. Seattle, WA Publishing SoftKey Publishing P.O. Box 44549 Tacoma, WA 98444 USA Address all advertising inquiries to Hardcore COM- PUTIST, Advertising Department, 3710 100th St. SW, Ta- coma, WA 98499. Address all manuscripts and editorials to: Hardcore COMPUTIST, Editorial Department, P.O. Box 44549, Tacoma, WA 98444. MAILING NOTICE: Change of address must be postmarked at least 30 days prior to move. Paste your present mailing label on postal form 3576 and supply your new address for our records. Issues missed due to non-receipt of change of address may be acquired at the regular back issue rate. Return postage must accompany all manuscripts, draw- ings, photos, disks, or tapes if they are to be returned. No responsibility can be assumed for unsolicited manuscripts. We suggest you send only copies. Entire contents copyright 1984 by SoftKey Publishing. All rights reserved. Copying done for other than personal or internal reference (without express written permission from the publisher) is prohibited. The editorial staff assumes no liability or responsibility for the products advertised in the magazine. Any opinions expressed by the authors are not necessarily those of Hard- core COMPUTIST magazine or SoftKey Publishing. SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION: Rates for one year are as follows: U.S. $25, 1st Class, APO/FPO, and Canada $34, Mexico $39, Foreign Airmail $60, Foreign Surface Mail $40. Subscription inquiries should be directed to Subscription Department, Hardcore COMPUTIST, P.O. Box 44549, Ta- coma, WA 98444. DOMESTIC DEALER RATES sent upon request, or call (206) 581-6038. Apple usually refers to the Apple I! or II Plus computer and is a trademark of Apple Computers, Inc. Note To Subscribers: in future issues of Hardcore COM- PUTIST, volume numbers will be discontinued and the num- ber which appears on the cover will coincide with the ISSUE number placed at the bottom of each page. Subscription labels will identify your ending issue using these numbers. Page 2 Hardcore COMPUTIST no.8 INPUT INPUT INPUT Wishes and Tips I'd like to see an even higher percen- tage of your editorial material concen- trate on applications/utility programs, with less attention to games. Here are my suggestions for future softkeys: 1. All the “‘Visi—-” programs. 2. Per- sonal Finance Manager. 3. Various Ap- plesoft compilers ...Einstein, Hayden, etc. 4. DB Master. 5. Apple Business Graphics. 6. PFS: Report, File, etc. That ought to keep you busy for a few months. Also some information you might want to pass on to your readers: Sensible Speller: The DOS 3.3, 3.2, Word Handler, Supertext, and Pascal versions can be copied separately with the Wildcard from East Side Software (have they changed their name recently?). East Side Software will send instructions on request. Does anyone know how to copy the CP/M version? Locksmith v.5: The latest issue (March, 1984) of Ap- ple Assembly Lines gives instructions on copying this program with COPYA and ZAP by rewriting one of the sec- tors (Track $OF, Sector $0E, Byte $6F, from $C6 to $0F). Steve Burke Champlin Minn. Mr. Burke:Thank you for the information on Sensible Speller IV. A lot of our read- ers sure do want to back this one up. Does AAL’s tip on Locksmith 5.0 mean they are going to be giving us compe- tition in the softkey department? Reading Apple ROM’s Just a note to thank you and Ernie Young for the excellent article called Modified ROMS. | was not so interested in backing up my programs as | was in modifying some of the code that until now could not be changed. | have a program called THE ROY- AL NAVY REPLAY DISK that takes care of backups. On page 16 (Hardcore #6) is a draw- ing of the socket needed to use 2716 EPROMS in the Apple. This works great. My problem was to read the Ap- ple 9316 since | used an external burner. To do this: Jumper pin 24 to 18. Jumper pin 20 to 21. Cut pins 21 and 18 off as the article instructs. Now with the 9316 in this socket, it can be read by the burner just as if it was 2716. Now make the changes to the code and burn your EPROM. You must use a singe voltage 2716 (5v) EPROM. . There are others. Some numbers that work are: TMS 2516 and MCM 2716. | hope to see more on this in your fine magazine. Jim Willis West Monroe LA More Words on Homeward | was looking for a simple word processor for home use. | had been us- ing Apple Writer 1.1 but my wife thought the Escape key for shift was too hard to get used to. So, when | saw a softkey for Homeword in the COM- PUTIST No.5. | knew this would be the choice. | don’t like to have programs that | can’t backup. The tip seemed to work well except the copy wouldn't boot. Not uncom- mon | guess as | have a later version 1.2. But No.5 came through. | removed the disk cover and marked the cam. Af- ter doing that, | tried to reboot the copy of Homeword and saw that it kept spin- ning at track 3. It must be a common On-Line tactic to Nibble count track 3. After recopying track 3 with Nibble count, the copy will now boot. Thank you for the tip and feel free to pass along the information about track 3. Andy Lengenfelder Renton WA Bugs in Zork Zork Ill has a bug in every version. Hardcore COMPUTIST no.8 The program hangs up if you go in the prison cell with the SWORD and then tell the dungeon master to push the button (you must be in the one with the bronze door for this to happen). Nor- mally, this is the way to win, but if you have the sword, forget it. Chris Koeritz Charlottesville VA Mr. Koeritz: But what would a prison be without bugs? Stoneware’s Support | wish to compliment Monty Lee on his fine, in-depth, impartial review of DB Master in Hardcore COMPUTIST no. 6. Of all the points covered, | must agree with him most about the massive protection scheme used by Stoneware and because of which, periodically, the BACK-UP ALMOST ANYTHING! Products below, when used appropriately, either singly or together, will enable you to copy virtually all software for the relevant computer. The copy-products are intend- ed to be used for back-up purposes only! Products are Apple-compatible unless otherwise indicated Locksmith 75 | Crack-Shot 129 Back-It-Up 49 | Snap-Shot Call Nibbles-Away 59 | Wild-CardIIE 115 Watson 39 | Inspector 45 Copy Il + 35 | Copy ll + (IBM PC) 35 CONNECTICUT INFORMATION SERVICES 2313 East Main Street Bridgeport, CT 06610 203-579-0472 TO ORDER: Use phone or mail. VISA, MC, Checks & bank wires accepted. Add 4% for ship- ping, or $4, whichever is more. Conn residents add 7.5% sales tax. Not responsible for typographical errors, Prices: subject to change: without notice Page 3 program suffers fatal errors, displays unintelligible error messages or just hangs up without notice. In all fairness, it does protect its files in most of these cases so user frustration, not data loss, is the big problem. Both the review and Stoneware state that the company only guaranteees DB Master on Apple drives. In our case, the program will NOT run on Apple drives, but thank God a company called Quentin Research makes a drive upon which the DB Master works like a charm! In the review, you stated that the ac- companying manual does not indicate that the program can be upgraded to hard disk. We at Brother's Printing Company were told that it could NOT and we had to purchase a brand new, complete (with manual) Hard Disk ver- sion for our Corvus. We have had no problems but the Hard Disk version is the old pre-version 4 release (no line editing features, etc.) and no word from our dealer and/or Stoneware if it will ever be updated. The final point which perhaps should be included in each review is support at the manufacturer level. There has been NONE from Stone- ware, We have half a dozen letters on file with requests for help in specific problems and queries on product im- provement. We have even furnished disks DISPLAYING the problems and have yet to receive a note in reply. We did, however, receive word from the Sales Department when we in- quired about buying a set of backup disks. Paul Raymer Brothers Printing Co. Los Angeles CA Wizards and Chess Here’s a couple of notes on two of my favorite programs that you might want to pass on to your readers. First, regarding backing-up Wizardry. You will be a lot more suc- cessful than ‘‘two out of nine times” (as Samborski’s method in Hardcore No. 3 provides) if on the scenario side of the disk you SYNC the entire disk copy. Note: this should work on the Wizardry no. 2 and Knight of Dia- monds, also. Second, an APT for Sargon Il. The “change board” option on the main menu is very helpful if you’re losing. Just press CONTROL-R from the text Page 4 screen, then ‘c’ for “‘change game”’. Following the rules in the Sargon II manual for ‘‘change game”, you can delete Sargon’s men or change a bishop to a pawn, etc. When you're happy with the way the game is progressing, press RETURN and an- swer the prompted questions to re- sume play. | would appreciate more reviews and parameter changes of bit copy pro- grams, for example Locksmith 5.0 and Essential Data Duplicator. Gary Thunell North Hollywood CA A Hard Problem | have seen copies of your magazine and found them to be very useful. Keep up the good work. In COM- PUTIST No. 5 | was particularly thank- ful for the Softkey for Visifile as | was planning to make modifications to sup- port my hard disk. This softkey, however, does not seem to allow me to copy the Visifile programs to the hard disk. VISIFILE.BIN reads some specific track and sector locations with RWTS that do not map directly on to the hard disk due to different track sizes. Before | spend many hours working through this, | thought I’d write in the hope that someone else had al- ready succeeded. Please let me know if you have any information. Scott. L Ksander New Brighton MN Mr. Ksander: Sorry, we don't have any tips on successfully moving Visifile onto a hard disk. We will have to turn this one over to our readers. Mad about EDD | feel compelled to write concerning your review of Essential Data Duplica- tor in Hardcore COMPUTIST no. 6. | think, no | know, this review does areal disservice to EDD and your read- ers. | own and have used extensively Locksmith 4.1 and 5.0, Nibbles Away ll, Copy Il +, Back-It-Up and the ori nal EDD and Version Ill. All these pro- grams have their unique strengths and weaknesses, but there is no doubt in my mind that EDD is the best. Your criticisms of it are just not true in my experience. Too many reviews are written after a relatively casual experience with a program, not just by your magazine, and are very misleading. | would suggest you consider a read- er’s poll, somewhat like Popular Science does for cars, to directly de- termine user satisfaction and com- plaints. For your information, the manual nibble count match on EDD works like a charm, as do similar features on all the other nibble copiers. As far as the drive speed adjustment utilities go, | had no problem at all and I'm no genius. I’ve been stumped by poor documentation many times. They just have you set the original drive a little fast and the copy drive a little slow to ensure that you don't overwrite the beginning of the track. It has certainly helped me copy more reliably. This feature is unique to EDD. Also unique is the default value of copying from drive 2 to drive 1 on the theory that the drive that writes the disk is the best drive to boot and read the disk; it makes sense. Also unique is the re- quirement that the original be write protected to proceed; no more acci- dently ruining a disk! A minor but ap- preciated feature is that when you make an error like failing to write pro- tect the original, it proceeds from where you left off rather than return- ing you to the menu as most other pro- grams do. Also unique is the idea for removing your cover and numbering your tracks on the inside so you can tell if your copy fails and just which track it failed on so you can recopy that track only. It is a tremendous feature! In any event, it is incredible to me that you failed to grasp any of this. Version Ill, so far as | can tell, is not too different; both the documentation and the program itself are very similar but | would certainly take another look! | am also digusted that the manufac- turers copy-protect these nibble copi- ers; Copy Il + is the only one that gives parameters to back theirs up. | think it is very hypocritical not to provide these. | also like Back-It-Up Il alot. It has a unique feature to indicate if your drive is operating reliably. | had a bad chip on my drive and detected it with Back- It-Up Ill. | like your letters column. The Time Zone hint is sure true. The copy utility is useless. Jerry Kroege Lincoln, NE Hardcore COMPUTIST no.8 Mr. Kroege: Thank you for your response to our review of Essential Data Duplicator. You make a good case for EDD’s strong points that our review seems to have overlooked. We still feel, however, that EDD’s poor documentation limits its value to the novice user and that EDD’s claim to able to copy most copy protected software is not justified. For a comprehensive comparison of EDD and four other popular bit copiers see Phillip Romine’s article, ‘‘Best of the Bit Copiers: A Comparison” on page 27 of this issue. EDD Again | am a recent subscriber to your magazine and | enjoy it very much. | hope to see you publish some updated parms lists (for Locksmith, Nibbles Away, etc.) though. It seems like the same old programs are on all the lists | see. | recently purchased Essential Data Duplicator (EDD) and | can recommend it as being a very good copy system. However, | have one major complaint: in what seems to be and extremely hypocritical move, the manufacturers of EDD have copy-protected their product! It is uncopyable by EDD, Wildcard, and all the others. | bought EDD to be able to make backup working copies of my expensive software and keep the originals in a safe place. The makers of EDD think this is a great idea as long as you don’t want to do it with THEIR software. And get this: the last page of the EDD manual lists, un- der the heading of ‘Recommended Reading’’, none other than Hardcore COMPUTIST. | have to give them credit. Here’s a backup tip for anybody who enjoys “‘Stellar 7” as much as | do, but cannot manage a backup copy. | used Wildcard (but any “‘copy card” will work) to create a copy at the point in the run AFTER you have pushed the Space Bar to ‘begin the mission’ and the drive has stopped run- ning. Make this copy on the flip side of your floppy disk. Then use EDD to make a copy of the entire disk on the cer- tified side of your floppy. (EDD will not copy track 00, but that’s OK because Wildcard did.) To run your copy disk of “Stellar 7”, boot up with the flip side made from Wildcard. Then when the drive stops running, turn the disk over to the certified side made from EDD. When you finish Level One (SOL), the program will access the disk and take you to Level Two (ANTARES), and so on. The big problem with “Stellar 7”'is getting past the boot-protection but once you do, it’s a clean run. Thomas E. Monteleone Baltimore MD Mr. Monteleone: There seem to be varying opinions about the usefulness of EDD. However, virtually everyone we have heard from has negative feelings concerning this product's heavy copy protection. We think the article on page 24 of this issue should be of interest to you and a lot of other people. Thanks for the tips on Stellar 7. & Hardcore COMPUTIST no.8 Input/Output Made Easy! The 4D4000™ 1/0 System for Apple !!* simplifies computer control. Software support allows control of all inputs and outputs using simple BASIC variable names. System includes two boards shown, cables, 60-page manual and disk. Special introductory price piiTinuiuii Apple Interface Board 1 Adjustable Reference 2 8 Channel A/D 1 4 Analog Input Generators 3 8 Analog Inputs 2 8 Digital Input Switches 4 8 Digital inputs 3 8 Digital Output Indicators 5 8 Buffered Digital Outputs 4 Uses 9-V Battery. No External | 6 Gold Plated Connector Plugs Power Required into Your Apple 5 Jacks to User Circuits a Digital Buffer Parallel Jack to Computer Peripheral interface Adapter [UICRORINCEN STORE” User Interface Module Innovative Microcomputer Enhancement Systems 4860 East 345th Street © Willoughby, Ohio 44094 ® (216) 953-8414 “Apple Ilsa registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc QUALITY GUARANTEED FOR A LIFETIME OF HEAVY DUTY USE 51," SOFT SECTOR, als, SS/SD/, W/HUB RINGS } data byte “2361 TEE DRIVE} LAKE HAVASU CITY, AZ. 86403) (602) 855-1592 CHECKS AND MONEY ORDERS WELCOME eS | TAZ. RES. ADD 5% SALES TAX | j Page 5 READERS’ SOFTHEY & COPY EXCHANGE Backing-Up The Spy Strikes Back By Clay Harrell Penguin Software 830 4th Ave. Geneva, IL 60134 $19.95 Requirements: 48K Apple with old style F8 monitor Rom One disk drive with DOS 3.3 initialized 48K DOS 3.3 slave disk The Spy Strikes Back Penguin Software has started what | consider to be the best idea since canned beer: inexpensive software! It is at the point where backing up soft- ware is not really necessary since the cost of Penguin's games are under 20 dollars! But there is a catch to The Spy Strikes Back: Penguin has a contest in which the first person in each state who can solve their puzzle will win $100 in software. This means code snooping is a must (I’m lazy | guess) and de-protection is along this line. Upon booting the Spy disk, | notice that the boot is very short. It seems to load only six or seven tracks before the game starts. The game has some disk access within it for hi-scores and the like, and to discourage the WILD- CARD/REPLAY CARD crowd from getting easy copies. After loading the game and hitting RESET, | notice that both hi-res pages are being used for the graphics (therefore, no code exists there). Keeping in mind the short load, snoop through memory looking for a starting location. The typical starting location for a game that uses both hi- res pages is $800 or $6000. Sure enough, a 6000G from monitor starts the game up with the disk spinning to load the hi-scores. Further examina- tion of memory reveals that $1800-$1FFF is the code to draw the pictures for the demo and that the two hi-res pages do not have to be saved. Locations $6000 to $9A00 seem to be the actual code for the game. Note: a good way to see what part of memory is being used is to zero out all of memory and then boot the pro- gram and see what is used. For exam- ple, from monitor type Page 6 800:0 N 801<800.BFFFM This will wipe out memory from $800 to $BFFF with zeroes. This was the method used to determine what areas of memory The Spy Strikes Back used. (| assumed that RWTS lived at it’s nor- mal location of $B700). Now that we know where The Spy lives, we must clear the way for a slave disk boot. Recall that a slave disk does not destroy memory from $900 to $95FF. Also recall that we do not have to save the two hi-res pages (locations $2000 to $5FFF) since the game re- draws these for us using the data at $1800 to $1FFF. This means we can move the code at $9600 to $9A00 to $1009 so not to destroy it when we boot our slave disk. Another thing to consider is the disk access in the game. | have done the work for you and have found the loca- tions to change to remove this pesty protection. With these things in mind, the exact Procedure for backing-up The Spy Strikes Back is as follows: 1) Boot the original disk The Spy Strikes Back PR#6 2) Reset into the monitor when the demo starts 3) Move the code at $9600-9A00 to $1000 where it is safe during a slave boot 1000 <9600.9A00M 4) Bypass the disk access routines 101F:EA EA EA 5) Boot a 48K DOS 3.3 slave disk PR#6 6) Set MAXFILES to 1 MAXFILES1 7) Enter the monitor CALL -151 8) Move the code saved in step 3 back to $9600 9600 < 1000.1400M 9) BSAVE the first portion of code BSAVE SPY2,A$6000,L$3A00 10) BSAVE the second portion of code BSAVE SPY1,A$1800,L$800 11) Re-enter BASIC 3D0G 12) Clear any Applesoft program in memory FP 13) Create the following Applesoft program: 10 HIMEM:24576 20 DS = CHRS(4) 30 PRINT D$;‘'MAXFILES1”’ 40 PRINT D$;"*BLOAD SPY2” 50 PRINT D$;'‘BLOAD SPY1" 60 FOR | = 0 to 14: POKE 768 +1,32; NEXT: FOR | = 15 to 254: POKE 768 + 1,0: NEXT 70 CALL 24576 14) SAVE the Applesoft program SAVE SPY STRIKES BACK Final notes: The code that you changed at location $101F takes out the disk access in the game. The poke statements at location 768 set up the hi-scores as zero with no one’s initials. Good luck in finding the hints to the puzzle (you didn’t expect me to tell you how to find them, did you?7). Softkey for Hayden Software By Floyd Splidnik Hayden 600 Suffolk St. Lowell, MA 01853 Requirements: Apple Il+ with 48K Integer card or some means to RESET in the monitor One disk drive with DOS 3.3 DeMuffin Plus A DOS 3.3 slave disk with a null HEL- LO program Hardcore COMPUTIST no.8 Any of several original program disks from Hayden | have found that the following procedure will work on a number of releases from Hayden such as Shut- tle Intercept, Alibi, Kamikaze , etc. Un- fortunately, this procedure will not work on Sargon II or Sargon Ill. The technique works because the Hayden disks | mentioned use a 13 sector DOS that has been modified but still has the normal routines intact and in their proper locations. Demuffin Plus is used to read the original disk with the Hayden DOS and then write with normal 3.3 DOS. If you don’t already have Demuffin Plus, see the box on page 15 in this issue for instructions on creating it. 1) INITialize one or more disks with a “null” HELLO program FP INIT HELLO 2) Boot up with one of the Hayden Disks PR#6 3) As soon as Applesoft prompt (]) ap- pears on the screen, hit RESET to enter the monitor. 4) To test if this technique will work on your disk, do a call to the CATALOG entry point A56EG If a CATALOG is displayed, then this technique should work for the disk in question. 5) Now move the Hayden RWTS out of the way so it is not destroyed when normal DOS is booted 6000 <B800.BFFFM 6) Next, boot up with one of the disks INITialized in step 1 6sP 7) Load, but do not run, Demuffin Plus BLOAD DEMUFFIN PLUS 8) Enter the monitor CALL -151 9) Move the Hayden RWTS back into position so that Demuffin Plus can uti- lize it B800< 6000.67FFM 10) Start execution of Demuffin Plus 803G 11) Transfer all the files from the origi- nal disk to an initialized 3.3 disk using the wildcard character (“=”). The HELLO file on the 3.3 disk should be replaced with the HELLO file from the Hayden disk. The above technique not only works on the Hayden disks but also on a number of other disks which display an Applesoft prompt when booting. It is not always quite so easy as with the Hayden disks however, as nibble counts and/or other protection some- times need to be eliminated. How to Copy Apple LOGO By Anne Rachel Gygi Apple Logo Logo Computer Systems Apple Computer 20525 Mariani Ave. Cupertino, CA 95014 $175.00 Requirements: Apple Il+ with 64K RAM One disk drive with DOS 3.3 A sector editor such as Disk Edit A Bit Copy program such as Locksmith or Copy Il+ One blank disk How is Apple LOGO Protected? Apple LOGO is copy protected by writing track $1 in a non-standard for- mat. A nibble count technique is used on this track with a fixed number of $FFs being written between $D6. If a copy is made and the number of $FFs between $D6s on track $1 is not the same as on the original disk, then the copy will not work. Track $1 on the dis- tributed disk has the following format: Number of Bytes Value 1 $D6 124 $FF 1 $D6 132 $FF “ $D6 Rest of Track SFF Continued on page 15 ESSENTIAL DATA DUPLICATOR Ill" + EDD rarely needs parameter changing * Automatically finds the beginning of each track * Unlike any of the Copycards, EDD backs up the entire disk, not just what is in memory + Accurately finds “auto-sync” bytes and their lengths * Can copy % and % tracks UTILICO MICROWARE Hardcore COMPUTIST no.8 IRE INFORMATION, CALL (707) 257-2420 3377 olano Ave., Suite 352, Napa, CA 94558 Page 7 TARI a ir ut Mt! {ttt It @ 1982 WILLIANS ELECTRONICS, &) i983 ATARI, Robotron By Clay Harrell Atarisoft 1265 Borregas Ave. Box 427 Sunnyvale, CA 94086 $34.95 REQUIREMENTS: Apple ll, Il+, or lle with 48K and at least one DOS 3.3 disk drive. One blank disk DOS 3.3 System Master disk ROBOTRON from Atarisoft Atari is certainly a name that every- one is familiar with when it comes to video games. Atari has successfully marketed other company’s games (af- ter buying the rights, of course) for many home and personal computers. And finally, they have started market- ing games for the Apple. This is good for us, the Apple users, since now we can enjoy many of the favorite arcade games on our Apples. Atari has also blessed us with weak copy protection, making most of the new Atari releases easily copyable. Case in point: Robotron. Robotron 2084 is the best implementation of the William's arcade game | have seen for the Apple. My hat is off to the author of the Apple version, whoever it is (for some reason Atari leaves the author’s name out of the game!?). But even though the game is well done, not much time was put into protecting it Page 8 penta! it : "tlt | li De-Protecting PRESENT ee (FU f IHC. INC. ie from prying eyes, especially since copy protection has evolved so far on the Apple.... Atari uses a slightly modified DOS. This is evident from the conventional boot sounds and the appearance of an APPLESOFT cursor at the bottom left of the screen when booting the disk. Just for fun, after booting the disk, type CTRL This will prevent the basic HELLO pro- gram from running after DOS is load- ed on a conventional DOS 3.3 disk. If you try this on Robotron, you will find the same thing...the computer beeps, the drive stops spinning and you are placed in APPLESOFT. You may now list the BASIC program with the com- mand LIST. This reveals a one line program that reads: 10 HOME: CLEAR: PRINT CHRS(4);BNROBOTRON”” From this program we now know there must be a catalog track, since we can see that some DOS command is used (called BN) to run the file ROBO- TRON. We know that BN is some kind of DOS command because it is preceeded by a CHRS$(4). So naturally, the next thing to do is to type CATALOG Well, we get disappointed with a SYN- TAX ERROR. The conclusion we can draw from this is that someone at Atari was thinking enough to change the DOS commands from the normal ones (they probably used DOS BOSS from Beagle Brothers, no doubt). So the next thing to do is to boot a normal DOS 3.3 disk and then put the Robotron disk in a drive. Now try typing CATALOG This exercise provides us with the re- warding message ‘I/O ERROR”’. This is to be expected. Atari has made the disk uncopyable by changing the epi- logue bytes on the disk from DE AA EB to a perverted DE AB FE. This can be seen by using the nibble read com- mands from either THE INSPECTOR from Omega Software or NIBBLES AWAY Il (if you don’t have either of these fine utilities, don’t worry about it). For those of you who don’t know what “‘epilogue bytes’’ are, | will dis- cuss it here for you.... First we must discuss the formatting of a DOS 3.3 disk. Every normal DOS 3.3 disk has 35 tracks (@ through 34) and 16 sectors (0 through 15). How the tracks are located on the disk is hard- ware dependent, but how the sectors are located is software dependent, hence the name ‘“‘soft sectored’’. Since software determines the sector- ing, it was easy for Apple to change from 13 sector format to 16 sector for- mat back in 1981. With this con- venience it is easy to protect the Apple disk format. For DOS to find the sec- tor it is looking for, it must rely on some road markers. Every sector has what is called an ‘Address field”. The ad- dress field is a unique set of bytes on every sector that lets DOS know the current disk volume, track, and sector number. It also has a checksum byte to determine if some damage has oc- curred to the sector making it unread- able. The unique set of bytes that represent the address field are format- ted as such: prolog vol trck sectr chk epilog 5 AA 96 | xx vy] xx V9] xx Vy] xx YY | DE AA EB Whenever DOS sees the unique set of bytes D5 AA 96, it knows the above information follows. Similarly, Hardcore COMPUTIST no.8 pores P1@1@1e1810) He © CRACKING TIPS © PHREAKING SECTION @GAME CHEATS © PARMS PROGRAMS @ INTERVIEWS By Hackers For Hackers @ ELITE BOARD DOWNLOADS FOR AD INFO. & QUESTIONS CALL BOOTLEG AT 503 - 592-4461 NPIS ONOIOM IOI ONCNCNSNCIOOSLOLOKONONONNCIOICIOIOIOIOIOIONSION ONO! NONSNSNOLeKerererererololen HONS NeNeNONe: The BOOT-LEGGER MAGAZINE Subscribe Now! Send 25 Bucks for a 1-Year Subscription to: THE BOOT LEGGER, 3310 Holland Loop Road, Cave Junction, Oregon 97523 01S UPNSISOPSISISISNSSLENCICIIEIELE1e1eVe1eeVeKo there is a ‘‘Data field’’. It has its own set of unique bytes to alert DOS to its whereabouts: prolog chk = epilog DS AA AD | PROGR., DATA, ETC. |XX | DE AA EB Whenever DOS sees the unique set of bytes D5 AA AD, it knows that a pro- gram or some kind of data follows. This information is on every sector of a nor- mal DOS 3.3 disk. If any one of the prologue bytes are changed, normal DOS would not be able to locate the Address or Data fields and an I/O error would result. If the epilogue bytes are not what they should be, an I/O error will result. This is not due to their uniqueness, since DOS will read whatever two bytes follow the information fields and use them for verification. Therefore, two easy things to do in protection are to alter the Address field and/or the Data field prologue bytes, and alter the protected DOS accord- ingly to locate these unique bytes. Now normal DOS cannot find the Address field, so it does not know what sector it is trying to read. Or, it cannot read the data field because it cannot find the unique set of bytes that designates the data. So COPYA will not copy the protected disk. Atari has just changed the epilogue bytes. This is a minor change since normal DOS can still find the address field (so it knows what sector it is look- ing at) and the data field (so it knows where the data is), but you still get an 1/0 error since the epilogue bytes are not what DOS 3.3 expects to find. To read the disk from normal DOS, we must defeat the routine that detects errors. If we do this, we will not get an VO ERROR and we will be able to read the disk from normal DOS 3.3. The routine that does this lives at $B942. If an error exists, the carry byte is set and DOS says “‘bad boy”’ and scolds you with an I/O error. A change at lo- cation $B942 from $38(SEC) to $18(CLC) will clear the /O ERROR problem! Now we may catalog the Robotron disk. Upon doing this, we find two files- RUNNER and ROBOTRON. RUNNER is the hello program and is unneeded (and also unusable without modifica- tion since Atari has changed the DOS commands as follows: CATALOG has been removed. BLOAD is BD. BRUN is BN.). So get out FID from your DOS 3.3 System Master and BRUN FID Now transfer the file ROBOTRON to a normal DOS 3.3 disk and you're all done! To re-cap the instructions used to deprotect Robotron: 1) Boot normal DOS 3.3 2) Initialize a disk with normal DOS 3.3 by typing: FP INIT HELLO 3) To enter the monitor, type: CALL-151 4) Change the error detection routine by typing: B942:18 5) Insert your DOS 3.3 System Master into a drive and type: Hardcore COMPUTIST no.8 BRUN FID 6) Use FID to transfer the file ROBO- TRON from the original Robotron disk to your freshly initialized DOS 3.3 disk. 7) BRUN the file ROBOTRON on your norma! DOS 3.3 disk to play Robotron. & FOR SERIOUS COLLECTORS CoinMasstore StampMasstore Masstore Collector For Apple* Il, I+, He and compatibles DOS 3.3 - 48K RAM - 1 Disk Drive ‘The “Masstore” series for Coin Collecting, Stamp Collecting and General Collectables (i.e. baseball cards, etc.) provides a quick, convenient and efficient way to manage collections. These user friendly, menu driven programs require no addi- tional programming. Features include: Store and sort collections by date/mint mark, Scott number, denomination, country, etc ‘User definable printouts. Want, Inventory, Evaluation & Price lists. 14 “condition/grades” for each collectable. Automatic Insert, Delete, Revise and Find modes. Up to 100 collections per master disk—copyable for additional collections. Summarizes total collection values. Reference values easily changed. Complete with sample collections. ‘StampMasstore & Masstore Collector complete with printable on-disk tutorials. In Addition CoinMasstore also: © Estimates and displays reference values for up to 81 coin grades (Filler-1 to MS-70, Proof-60 to Proof-70). ulates and prints out bullion values. icludes detailed step-by-step manual. Includes sample Lincoln Cent data base. CoinMasstore - $59 StampMasstore & Masstore Collector - $49 ea. Any two - $88 All three - $127 (Cali residents add 6% sales tax) Send check or money order to: SoftShoe Enterprises 10959 Kane Avenue, Suite 202 Whittier, California 90604 Phone: 213-944-5541 ‘Apple IV/IE+/Ile registered trademarks of Apple Computersine. Page 9 BREAKING WINDOWS: Softkey For Legacy Of Llylgamyn By Jim Kaiser Sir-Tech Software Inc. 6 Main Street Ogdensburg, N.Y. 13669 (315) 393-6633 $39.95 Requirements: Apple J[, ][+, //e or compatible Legacy of Llyigamyn disk One disk drive A Sector Editing Program, such as Diskedit COPYA from DOS 3.3 System Master Disk Two blank disks Legacy of Llylgamyn is the newest Scenario in the Wizardry Series. After trying to back up my original using the softkey presented in Hardcore COM- PUTIST #4 and not succeeding, | set out to do it myself. The program uses what Sir-Tech calls Window Wizardry, a technique they probably implement- ed upon seeing a LISA computer in ac- tion. | liked the ‘‘window”’ concept so much that | purchased Legacy of Llyl- gamyn as soon as it came out. Both sides of Legacy of Llyigamyn can be copied with COPYA if DOS is patched so that any errors encoun- tered when reading or writing are ig- nored. The COPYA version of the boot side (side B) needs a sector edit per- formed on it so that the routine to check for a non-original disk is circum- vented. This routine is on Track $1A, sector $0C of the boot side. The scenario disk (side A) is unprotected and the COPYA version of it will work just fine. The step-by-step method for backing-up Legacy of Llyigamyn is presented below. Breaking Windows 1) Get out your DOS 3.3 Sytem Master disk and run COPYA RUN COPYA 2) After the drive has stopped, halt the program TRL 3) Prevent COPYA from reloading COPY.OBJ®O by deleting line 70 70 4) Enter the monitor CALL-151 5) Patch DOS so that any Read or Write errors are ignored B7C0:18 6) Return to Applesoft 3D0G 7) Run the program RUN 8) Copy both sides of the original Lega- cy of Llylgamyn disk. 9) After you have copied both sides, put the original disk away in a safe place. 10) Run your sector editing program on the backup copy. 11) Read Track $1A, Sector $0C of the boot disk (side B) 12) Start editing at byte $15, entering the following bytes DO 16 EA AD 2D 00 CE FB 00 DO F8 AD DE 00 AQ 01 48 AS 01 48 AS 00 48 60 A9 00 FO FD 13) Write the sector back to the disk. 14) To remove the serial number, edit Track 0, Sector 5, bytes $01 through $06, changing all these bytes to 00's 00 00 00 00 00 00 15) Write this sector back to the disk. The scenario side (side A) is not pro- tected on The Legacy of Llylgamyn, so no modifications to the scenario side of the disk are needed. You should now have a working copy and, by the way, you have to write-protect both sides of this disk. The only difference between the master scenario and the duplicate is that the master is write- protected, and the duplicate is not. This disk is now copyable with COP- YA or any standard copy program. OF SPECIAL INTEREST: | was bothered and didn’t like to always have to switch disks for the scenario, just to enter the master disk, and then the duplicate. So, | set out to find how | could modify the disk so that | could enter the duplicate without a write- protect tab over the hole and still be able to have the program not give the dreaded ‘NOT A MASTER DISK” er- ror. To make this modification, you should edit Track 6, Sector A, Byte 73, Change it from a CB to a C3. You no longer have to put in the master and then, the duplicate. Just enter the duplicate and enter <RETURN> twice. Now, if | could just figure out how to pronounce “‘Llyigamyn”’. & Hardcore COMPUTIST no.8 ADVENTURE TIPS ADVENTURE TIPS ADVENTURE TIPS Ulysses and The Golden Fleece Sierra On-Line Systems Be polite to royalty. Guards can usually be bribed. It is hard to sail anywhere without first “casting off’’. Death in the Caribbean Microlab Look for writing on the cannon. A life belt is useless if you are not wear- ing it. The ghost likes to hide things where the dead people hang out. Zork | Infocom Inc. Hang on to the garlic because it will come in handy. To stop the echo, say it. Pray at the alter. Keep a map of the coal mine. Zork I Infocom Inc. The answer to the riddle is a very deep one. Combining the brick and the string will give you a big charge. Robots can do some things humans cannot. * Lead the dragon into the ice room. * When you reach the crypt, you've almost solved it. Just douse your lantern. Gruds In Space Sirius * Stealing can sometimes be benefi- cial, especially when Gruds are around. * Vandalism is perfectly acceptable in Gruddian (Gruddish?) society. * Lords like shiny objects (especially coins!) Enchanter Infocom Inc. * After sleeping, examine the four- poster for hidden scrolls. Complete, Commented Source Code! * Turtles can get through machinery safely when they have been speeded- up magically. Infidel Infocom Inc. * To get the mast, examine it closely beneath the deck. * To avoid being swept away by the sand, put the mast in the holes and stand on it. * To get the scarab, add items to the silver chalice until it is equal in weight to the golden chalice. Serpent’s Star Ultrasoft * Western Explorers enjoy drinks. The more, the better. * Monks often reward foreigners who honor their gods with tea. * Contributed by Chris W. Cowell Our software is not only unlocked and fully copyable ...We often provide the complete source code on disk, at unbelievable prices! S-C Macro Assembler. The key to unlocking all the mysteries of machine language. Combined editor: assembler with 29 commands, 20 directives. Macros, conditional assembly, global replace, edit, and more. Highest rating “The Book of Apple Software” in 1983 and 1984, $80. Powerful cross-assembler modules also available to owners of S-C Macro Assembler. You can develop soft- ware on your Apple for 6800, 6805, 6809, 68000, 8085, 8048, 8051, 1802, LSI-11, and Z-80 microprocessors. $50 each. S-C Xref. A support program which works with the S-C Macro Assembler to generate an alphabetized listing of all labels in a source file, showing with each label the the line number where it is defined along with all line numbers containing references to the label. You get the complete source code for this amazingly fast program on disk in format for S-C Macro Assembler. $50. Full Screen Editor. Integrates with the built-in line- oriented editor in the S-C Macro Assembler to provide a powerful full-screen editor for your assembly lan- guage source files. Drivers for Videx, STB80, and Apple //e 80-column boards are included, as well as standard 40-column version. Requires 64K RAM in your Apple Complete source code on disk included. $50. Hardcore COMPUTIST no.8 S-C Docu-Mentor for Applesoft. Complete documenta- tion of Applesoft internals. Using your ROM Applesoft, produces ready-to-assemble source code with full labels and comments. Educational, entertaining, and extremely helpful. Requires S-C Macro Assembler and two disk drives. $50. S-C Word Processor. The one we use for manuals, letters, our monthly newsletter, and whatever. 40- columns only, requires lower-case display and shiftkey mod. Works with standard DOS text fi but at super fast (100 sectors in 7 seconds). No competition to WordStar, but you get complete source code! Apple Assembly Line. Monthly newsletter published since October, 1980, for assembly language pro- grammers or those who would like to be. Tutorial arti- cles, advanced techniques, handy utility programs and commented listings of code in DOS, ProDOS, and the Apple ROMs. Helps you get the most out of your Apple! $18/year. S-C SOFTWARE CORPORATION 2331 Gus Thomasson, Suite 125 Dallas, TX 75228 (214) 324-2050 Professional Apple Software Since 1978 Visa, MasterCard, American Express, COD accepted Page 11 THE ARTIST Sierra On-Lii Sierra On-Line Bldg Coarsegold, CA 93614 $79.95 Requirements: Apple Il +/lle, 48K At least one disk drive THE ARTIST master disk A blank disk FID or COPYA THE ARTIST is the graphics pack- age used to develop some of Sierra On-Line’s biggest selling games, such as CROSSFIRE and MOUSKATTACK. That is what the introduction to the pro- gram claims and after using the pack- age for quite awhile, | can believe it. It contains two separate but compati- ble screen drawing routines, a zoom lens type bit editor, a 21-color fill rou- tine, shape table construction and edi- tor utilities, and some nifty high speed byte shape design and move routines. All in all, an exceptional set of graph- ics tools. The problem, as with all of Sierra On-Line’s programs, is that it’s copy- protected. The copy protection scheme is similar to the one outlined by Dan Price in the SCREENWRITER Il Softkey in Hardcore COMPUTIST No. 6. The program uses direct disk access to check the format of the disk tracks for embedded keys. If the keys are not present, it clears memory and reboots the disk. The program is other- wise pretty much box-stock DOS 3.3 and can be easily copied using FID or COPYA from the DOS System Master disk. | jumped into the project of de- protecting the disk after reading Mr. Price’s softkey, feeling confident that in a short time | would have identified the sub-routine that checked the disk, bypassed it, and have a ‘‘clean” un- protected copy. Eight hours later | was no closer to a copy and much more frustrated. | took a break from the com- puter and skimmed through my back issues of HARDCORE COMPUTIST looking for a hint or clue that might aid me in ‘‘cracking” this code. In Ray Darrah’s article on boot code tracing PEST PATROL in Hardcore COMPUTIST no. 4, | found a discus- sion of concealed code and disguised jumps in machine language programs. This “turned on a light’ and | returned to the project with new optimism. Two hours later | had my unprotected copy! Once discovered, the procedure is (naturally!) simple and can be done in fifteen minutes. Before outlining the procedure | would like to explain the protection scheme more fully in hopes of aiding other enterprising hackers and maybe saving them hours of time. Those of you not interested in the procedures used to break the copy protection can skip to the fix on the next page. The copy protection method used on THE ARTIST is similar to the one used on SCREENWRITER ll, but the author of the program not only uses con- cealed jumps and stack manipulation to hide return addresses, he has a par- ticularly sneaky portion of code that ac- tually rewrites itself before it checks the disk, and then rewrites itself after it's done to conceal its existence. After much experimentation, | isolat- ed the disk checking routine to a range of code in the main menu program. This code plays some tricks with branch instructions and forces branches to what seems to be the mid- dle of other valid instructions. It push- es addresses on the stack and executes a machine language return to jump to those addresses, etc. This kind of code has become pretty stan- dard in copy and code protection but is frustrating, nonetheless. After digging through this mess | came to a section of code that seemed to make no sense whatsoever and ended by jumping to an area of memory that | knew contained no pro- gram code! | started inserting breaks in the code to try and isolate the SOFTKEY FOR Artist >» By Walt Campbell SA, Hardcore COMPUTIST no.8 offending section and, BINGO!! | found a short section of disguised code that actually rewrote successive bytes of the program! This type of protection was new to me and may serve to illustrate further the possibilities available to machine code programmers in code manipulation. The program loads the Y register with a value of $29, indexes to an address $29 bytes away from itself, and per- forms an exclusive ‘‘OR”’ operation (EOR) with a value of $8A on the code at this new location. This transforms a seemingly meaningless section of code to a detailed byte check of the tracks on the disk and checks for the embedded keys. If the proper format keys are not found, it clears memory and reboots the disk. If it finds the proper keys, it rewrites itself and returns to the main sec- tion of code!! Once | got this far in the analysis the fix be- came obvious and extremely simple. THE FIX: In order to remove this protection it is necessary to first copy the disk with either the COPYA or the FID programs. THE ARTIST master disk uses a binary HELLO program, so if you use FID to copy the programs, you must either INIT your blank disk to BRUN the HELLO program (as out- lined in the Softkey for SCREENWRITER) or use a DOS utility, such as PRONTO DOS, to change the disk boot pro- gram. Using a modified DOS like PRONTO DOS also will noticeably speed up program disk access and the loading and saving of hi-res pictures. Once you have prepared your new program disk and it contains all the files from the original master disk, follow the series of steps listed below: 1. Boot up a normal DOS 3.3 disk PR#6 2. Insert the copy of The Artist in your disk drive. 3. Unlock the MAIN MENU program so it can be modified UNLOCK MAIN MENU 4. BLOAD the MAIN MENU program BLOAD MAIN MENU 6. Enter the monitor CALL -151 5. Modify address $4257 from $8A to $57 and address $4662 from $B9 to $60 4257:57 4662:60 6. Save the modified MAIN MENU program BSAVE MAIN MENU,A$4000,L$4D 7. Finally, relock the now modified program LOCK MAIN MENU Hardcore COMPUTIST no.8 OH Shhhh - YOU NEED THE Now the fun begins! With the ee at Sree CIA (Confidential information ETAT. Advisors) on the trail of your disks, fixing those I/O ERRORS is really fun! But repairing clobberred disks quickly and easily is actually just the beginning, The CIA isa collection of five advanced disk utilities, working together to investigate, edit, locate, list, trace, rescue. translate, patch, repair, verify, examine. protect, unprotect, analyse encrypt and decrypt programs or textfiles on normal and even protected disks, be they DOS, PASCAL, or CPM! As you can see this is no ordinary bag of tricks! Its, in facta new generation disk utility that goes far beyond anything else offered so far But best of all, you don't have to be a member of the Glazed Eye Brigade to make full use of every one of these sophisticated and unique features. We include a copy of the top secret ‘CIA Files a 120 page easy to follow, hand holding tutorial about the Apple (R) disk and the five CIA utilities, Everything you need to know about disk patching, repair, formatting, protection, and encoding is explained in plain English! We're betting that within a few days of receiving the CIA Kit you'll be TRYING to clobber a disk — just to have the fun of putting it back together! You'll enjoy a new confidence with your data storage. To get ALL FIVE utilities PLUS ‘The CIA Files’, for use with Apple (R) lI*/Ile, 48K, 1 or 2 drives. Send $65.00 Money Order (Checks, allow time to clear) NOT COPY Creait Caras not acceptes PROTECTED Sales Dept., HC8 GOLDEN DELICIOUS SOFTWARE LTD., 350 Fifth Avenue, Suite 3308, New York, NY 10001. Alternatively,if you used COPYA to copy the disk, the changes can be made directly to the disk with a sector edi- tor. On my copy of The Artist, the first change to make was at Track $05, Sector $0C, Byte $5B. | changed this byte from $8A to $57. The second change is at Track $05, Sec- tor $08, Byte $66. This byte needs to be changed from $B9 to $60. This probably won't work on a FID copy because the sector allocation may be different. THAT’S IT!! You now have a copy of THE ARTIST that is unprotected and copyable with any DOS copy program! APT’SAPT’SAPT’SAPT’SAPT’S Miner 2049’er Contributed by Dan Rosenburg and Paul Anderson The following is an easier method of entering Miner 2049’er on any level than the one that was printed in Hardcore COMPUTIST no. 7. 1) When the game asks ‘“‘HOW MANY PLAYERS?”, type # and a number corresponding to the level (1-9 or for level 10) you wish to start on. Page 13 Softkey For Data Factory Version 5.0 By L.S. Davis The Data Factory Micro Lab 2699 Skokie Valley Road Highland Park, IL 60035 $300.00 Requirements: 48K Apple II Plus or equivalent Two blank disks DeMuffin Plus Like most of us, | try to follow the Golden Rule: back-up thy disks. | did just that with Data Factory Ver. 5.0 us- ing Locksmith 4.1. | followed the Parms carefully, read the notes and yes, it works. However, to use the bit- copy of The Data Factory you must: 1) Boot the disk 2) Open disk drive door and press RESET when the computer starts to beep repeatedly 3) Close door and press RESET when the computer prints “BREAK IN 5” 4) Use the program This procedure sounds simple and works well, but that irritating beeping noise causes wives to yell, dogs to howl and nerves to be on edge. What a pain. | just wanted a copy, not problems! Why did this disk act this way? Having read Hardcore COM- PUTIST from issue no. 1, | thought maybe the answer would be in there. So...to the books. Finding lots of good hints and ideas, | began. The first thing | saw when | booted the copy was “‘Break in 5”. Ap- plesoft, | hoped. Articles in Hardcore had mentioned using DEMUFFIN PLUS, so | thought maybe | could DeMuffin the files over to normal DOS. | tried this, but had no luck. The pro- gram did try to work, but came up in- stead with the infamous I/O Error. Back to Hardcore for more reading. Finding several articles which referred to reducing error checks on copying, | began again. | looked through a book titled “What's Where In The Apple’, and found an area of code that looked promising. In a 48K Apple with DOS 3.3 boot- ed, the code at $B8DC to $B943 isa routine which reads in a sector of data from the disk. If any READ errors are ¢ Saves copying time e Fornibble programs + Works with nibble copy programs to display tracks and hatt-racks that the program accesses + Operates with any Appie®-compatible program + Save time by copying only the tracks being used + Displays up to 80 tracks and halt-tracks; compatible with high density drives. + if copied program doesn’t run, Trak Star displays track tobe recopied. + Compact size permits placement on top of disk drive. + Does not use a slot in the Apple® computer. +For Apple® Ii, I+ and /le Apple is c registered trademark of Apple Computer inc. Know where your head is, at all times, with TRAK STAR constant digital readout Phone 913 676-7242 MN FREE INTRODUCTORY BONUS = “Siisiss° * Trak Star disk contains patching software. + Simple-to-operate, menu-driven Trak Star software automatically repairs a bad track without requiring technical expertise. ee ping or ing charge Foreign airmail & handling $8.00. Adapter required for 2-drive systems: $12 Documentation only: $3 Refundable with purchase of Trak Star Personal checks. M.O. Visa. and Mastercard Microsystems 9071 Metcalf / Suite 124 Overland Park, KS 66212 Page 14 encountered, the 6502's carry bit is set and the ‘I/O ERROR” message is printed. At $B942 is the instruction which sets the carry bit (SEC, op code $38), so if this instruction is changed from SEC to CLC (CLear carry, op code $18) then any READ errors will be ignored. Hopefully, making this change would solve my problem. | booted the System Master to clear the trash already in memory and made a Call -151, entered B942:18 (like | knew what | was doing!) and placed my disk with DEMUFFIN PLUS in the drive. | typed BRUN DEMUFFIN PLUS, then placed the copy of The Data Factory in the drive, and WOW! No W/O Errors. It read the disk! Just luck? | wondered. So, | turned off the machine and started over. | initialized two disks with just a Hello program and made one copy of each Data Factory disk using the following steps: 1) Boot System Master PR#6 2) Clear the BASIC program in memory FP 3) Initialize two disks with TDF as the boot file INIT TDF 4) Enter the monitor Call -151 5) Change the instruction at $B942 from SEC ($38) to CLC ($18) so that any READ errors are ignored B942:18 6) Re-enter BASIC 3D0G 7) Place copy of DeMuffin Plus in drive and get up and running Note: See the box on page 15 for in- structions on creating DEMUFFIN PLUS BRUN DEMUFFIN PLUS 8) There are two Data Factory disks: one Report, one Utility. DeMuffin all the files on each to a disk formatted in step 2 above, using the ‘“‘wildcard” op- Hardcore COMPUTIST no.8 tion (=). Replace the file called TDF on both disks. 9) When you have finished copying both disks, reboot with a normal 3.3 disk PR#6 Both of your DeMuffined disks are standard 3.3 DOS and are ‘‘copya- ble’. However, on each disk is a file TDF. This file on each disk contains Line 5 which reads: 5 PRINT CHR$ (4) “BRUN READER, A$8E00’’. This file contains the code which causes that obnoxious beeping. All we have to do is change the boot program (TDF) so that it does not load and execute this code. 10) Load the Applesoft file TDF, delete line 5 and then reSAVE TDF LOAD TDF 5 SAVE TDF You should do this to both disks. If you want to, you can also delete the file READER which is not used after you delete Line 5 in TDF. In order to prevent a reboot if RESET is pressed, the binary file AM- PER FACTORY.OBJ® needs to be modified. 11) Load the AMPER FACTORY.OBJO file into memory (it loads at $8240) BLOAD Amper Factory.OBJO 12) Enter the monitor CALL -151 13) Change the instrucions at $8340 from JMP $C600 (reboot the disk) to three NOP’s 8340: EA EA EA 14) Return to BASIC 3D0G 15) Save the modified code SAVE Amper Factory.OBJ@, A$8240,L$1305 The disk will now boot and work just like the original, except that you can now hit RESET without the disk re- booting. | have run the de-protected copies and have not yet found any problems. | hope you have as much fun using this softkey as | had making it. You may no- tice that | worked from the copy of the original, not the original. This is much safer. That's another of the Golden Rules | like to follow: never use the original disk to make changes. How to Create DEMUFFIN PLUS 1) Boot DOS 3.3 Master to load In- teger BASIC 2) Enter the other BASIC JINT 3) Load the MUFFIN program >BLOAD MUFFIN 4) Enter the monitor >CALL-151 5) Initialize the Programmers Aid relocation feature *D4D5G 6) Tell the monitor what is being moved and where it is going *1900<B800.BFFF “Fy 7) Relocate the first chunk of code *1900 <B800.BA10 “FY 8) Move the data segment *.BC57M 9) Relocate the rest of the code “BEEF CMY. 10) Make the following modifica- tions to MUFFIN and the relocated RWTS subroutine *1155:00 1E *115B:D9 03 *1197:A0 20 *15A0:A0 D2 C5 D3 C9 C4 C5 CE *15A8:D4 AO C4 AE CF AE D3 AE *15F7:C4 C5 *20A0:A9 1E 8D B9 B7 20 FD AA *20A8:48 AQ BD 8D B9 B7 68 60 11) Save this new code *BSAVE DEMUFFIN PLUS, A$803,L$1900 & Hardcore COMPUTIST no.8 Continued from page 7 The logic to read and analyze track $1 is in the second boot load ,track $0, sector $0A, which ultimately resides in memory at $4000-$40FF. There are two constants equal to the number of sync bytes ($FFs) between the three $D6s and these are loaded into memory locations $40CD (124 or $7C) and $40CE (132 or $84). These are lo- cations $7C and $7D on track $0, sec- tor $0A. Unlocking the Turtle The technique for copying Apple Logo involves making a sector edit to a bit copy so that the code to seek and read track $1 is disabled. The neces- sary steps are outlined below. 1) Use a bit copier, such as Lock- smith 4.1 or Nibbles Away, to copy tracks $0-$22 with no parameter changes. An error on track $1 is OK. 2) Use asector editing program such as Disk Edit or ZAP from Bag of Tricks to make the following changes to the copied disk. Trk Sct Byte From To t)) $A $13 $20 SEA t) $A $14 $00 $EA v) SA $15 $3D SEA ) $A $22 $BD $4C U) $A $23 $8C $55 i) $A $24 $CO $40 v) $A $79 $4C $EA o $A $7A $00 $EA 0 $A $7B $C6 $EA Don’t forget to write the sector back to the disk. The first set of changes at $13-$15 eliminates (NOP) the branch to Logo's RWTS at $3D00 which seeks track $1. The changes at $22-$23 cause a branch around the code which reads track $1 and the final changes at $79-$7B eliminate (NOP) the branch which would be taken if the nibble count is not correct. The resulting disk can now be co- pied with any bit copier and Apple Logo will run because it now complete- ly ignores whatever is on track $1. & Page 15 Please send me these back issues. OC Hardcore COMPUTIST #7. Name © Hardcore COMPUTIST #1. ©) Hardcore COMPUTIST #4. © Hardcore COMPUTIST #6. CORE #1 Graphics. .. .$4.50 CORE #2 Utilities. . CORE #3 Games...... $4.50 oney order to: ooo Address City State Zip Country OVISA/ CMC. EXP Signature HCS LOOK WHAT YOU MISSED! Page 16 Hardcore COMPUTIST no.8 The COREFILER FORMatter By Ray Darrah Requirements: Apple ][ Plus with 48K RAM One disk drive Now that you’ve finally finished key- ing in COREFILER, here are the two remaining files in the CORE Database Management System. The largest, COREFILER FORM, is a program that creates configuration files for COREFILER (that mysterious file it asks for when you RUN it). In order to use COREFILER, you must first use COREFILER FORM to set up a file that tells COREFILER what type of information you wish to record (ex. mailing list, Samurai swords or panty hose). Once you type it in (and check it with checksoft) you should save it with: SAVE COREFILER FORM Next, you will be wondering how to use it. Here’s how: COREFILER FORM Functions 1,J,K,M - These keys move the field you are currently working on in one of the four escape directions. P - Names the current field by allow- ing the entry of a prompt. F - Changes the maximum number of characters allowable for this field. A - Enters the add fields mode and adds the field you are working with if it hasn’t been added before. N - Allows you to view the order in which the fields will be filled in by COREFILER. “N’”’ is also used to work with a previously added field. ESC - Exits program. R - Assigns the fields new numbers so that the first field is in the upper-left position and the last field is in the bottom-right position. L - Loads a previously saved COREFILER configuration file to be edited. S - Saves all of the added fields. COREFILERCOREFILERCOREFILERCOREF ILERCOREFILERCOREF ILERCOREFILERCOREFILERCOREFILERCOREFILER COREFILER.... COREFILERCOREFILERCOREF ILERCOREF ILERCOREF ILERCOREF ILERCOREF ILERCOREF ILERCOREFILERCOREFILER Z - Enters a secondary menu where you may delete the field you're work- ing with or insert a field before the one your working with. C - Erases all the fields and starts over. The second file, HELLO.DB, is the file you RUN to invoke the entire sys- tem. Type in the listing and SAVE HELLO.DB Congratulations! You are now the proud owner of the CORE Data Base Management System. Knock 'em dead! COREFILER Form Program 10 REM COREFILER FORM REM 30 REM BY RAY DARRAH 40 REM 5@ REM INITIAL RESEARCH 60 REM BY DAVE THOMPSON 70 REM 80 GOTO 710 90 il FIELD WE ARE WORKIN IN 100 GOSUB 180 110 HTAB HT(F): PRINT PRS(F); 120 IF X THEN INVERSE 130 VTAB VT(F): HTAB H2(F): IF H 140 150 160 170 180 190 2(F) = HT(F) AND PRS(F) < > "THEN 150 PRINT LEFTS (BFS,LN(F));: NORMAL : RETURN PRINT LEFTS (PRS(F),LN(F)); IF LN(F) > LEN (PRS(F)) THEN PRINT LEFTS (BFS,LN(F) - LEN (PRS(F))); NORMAL : RETURN REM ERASE THE FIELD VTAB VT(F): POKE 255,255: CALL 768: RETURN REM MOVE FIELDS 200 VT(A) = VT(A + B):HT(A) = HT( 210 A + B):LN(A) = LN(A + B):PRS (A) = PRS(A + B):H2(A) = H2( A + B): RETURN REM PRINT ALL THE FIELDS 220 X = Z: VTAB 3: HTAB 1: PRINT 230 240 250 260 SPC( GX);: VTAB 3; POKE 255 ,Z: CALL 768: POKE 255,255: FOR A=37T0 17: VTABA CALL 768: NEXT : FOR F = 01 TO FD: GOSUB 100: NEXT : RETURN REM MOVE FIELD IN A DIRECTIO N POP : IF KS < > "I'"" AND K$ < > "iM" THEN 290 GOSUB 180:VT(F) = VI(F) + 01 LIF KS = "I" THEN VT(F) = V T(F) - TW: IF VT(F) < 3 THEN VIF) = 17 IF VI(F) > 17 THEN VT(F) = 3 VTAB VT(F): POKE 255,2: CALL Hardcore COMPUTIST no.8 768: GOTO 840 290 IF Ki "J" THEN HT(F) = HT( F) - O1:H2(F) = H2(F) - 1 300 IF KS = "'K" THEN HT(F) = HT( F) + O1:H2(F) = H2(F) + 01 310 IF HT(F) > Z AND H2(F) > Z AND Ha(F) + LN(F) < 42 AND HT(F) + LEN (PRS(F)) < 42 THEN 8 40 320 X = H2(F) - HT(F): IF H2(F) + LIN(F) > HT(F) + LEN (PRS(F) ) THEN 360 330 IF HT(F) = Z OR H2(F) = Z THEN HT(F) = 41- LEN (PRS(F)): GOTO 350 340 HT(F) = 01: IF X < O1 THEN HT (F) = O1-X 350 H2(F) = HT(F) + X: GOTO 840 360. IF HT(F) = Z OR Ha(F) = Z THEN H2(F) = 41 - LN(F):HT(F) = H 2(F) - X: GOTO 840 370 GOTO 340 380 REM POSITION DATA 390 IF PRS(F) = '""" THEN 440 400 IF KS = US AND HT(F) = H2(F) THEN X = LEN (PRS(F)): GOTO 450 410 IF HT(F) = H2(F) THEN X = - LN(F): GOTO 450 420 IF KS = US AND H2(F) = HT(F) - LN(F) THEN X = LN(F): GOTO 450 430 IF KS = HS AND H2(F) = HT(F) + LEN (PRS(F)) THEN H2(F) = HT(F): GOTO 460 440 X = 01: IF K$ = HS THEN X = - 1 450 H2(F) = H2(F) + X: IF H2(F) < 01 OR H2(F) + LN(F) > 41 THEN H2(F) = H2(F) - X 460 POP : GOTO 840 470 REM INITIALIZE FIELD VALUES 480 HT(A) = 20:VT(A) = 10:H2(A) = 20:LN(A) = 01:PRS(A) = '""": RETURN 490 REM GET A KEY 500 WAIT - 16384,128: GET KS: RETURN 510 REM INPUT SPECIFIED NUMBER 0 F CHARACTERS 520 AS sue 530 GET K$: IF ( ASC (KS) < 32 AND KS < > M$ AND KS < > ES$ AND KS < > HS AND KS < > US) OR ((k8 = "","" OR KS = ":"") AND X) THEN 530 540 IF LEN (AS) <A AND KS > = "THEN. PRINT K§;:AS = AS + KS: GOTO 530 550 IF K$> =" " THEN 530 560 IF KS = MS THEN RETURN 570 PRINT KS;: IF KS = HS AND LEN (AS) = Z THEN PRINT "' "";: GOTO 530 580 IF KS = HS AND LEN (A$) = 0 4 THEN 520 590 IF KS = HS THEN AS = _LEFTS (AS, LEN (A$) - 01): GOTO 53 0 600 IF K$ = ES$ THEN POP : RETURN 610 KS = CHR$ ( PEEK ( FN SC(@)) - 128): GOTO 540 620 REM PRINT MAIN MENU 630 GOSUB 680: PRINT ''P)ROMPT/NA Page 18 ME" TAB( 25)'*F)IELD LENGTH": PRINT ""A)DD FIELD(S)"" TAB( 25)"*N)EXT FIELD" 640 PRINT ''ESC)APE PROGRAM" TAB( 25)""R)ENUMBER FIELDSL)OAD FO RMAT"' TAB( 25)"*S)AVE FORMAT" 650 PRINT ''Z)AP FIELD'' TAB( 25)'"" C)LEAR WORK ARE";: POKE 2039 +193 660 VTAB 19: HTAB 17: PRINT '" HTAB 20: PRIN’ "HS $!'!""HSHSHSJS""J-+-K" HSHSHSJS"* !"HSJ$"M";: RETURN 670 REM ERASE MESSAGE AREA 680 VTAB 19: HTAB 1: CALL 64578: PRINT : RETURN 690 REM PRINT 40 '=" 700 FOR A = 1 TO 40: PRINT "="";: NEXT : RETURN 710 REM INITIALIZE VARIABLES 720 DIM VT(25),HT(25),PR$(25),H2 (25),LN(25):MXFIELDS = 25 730 D$ = CHRS (4):CH = 20:CV = 1 0: DEF FN SC(A) = PEEK (40 ) + PEEK (41) * 256 + PEEK (36) 740 FOR A = 768 TO 808: READ X: POKE 1 760 FOR A = Z TO MX: GOSUB 480: NEXT : DEF FN WH(X) = 41 * (VT(X ) - 3) + HT(X) 770 US = CHR (21):H$ = CHRS (8 ):J$ = CHR$ (10):G$ = CHRS (7):M$ = CHRS (13):ESC$ = CHR$ (27):KY$ = "PFANRLSIJKMZC"" + ES$ + HS + US 780 BFS = CHR$ (95) + CHR$ (95) : FOR A = 1 TO 5:BF$ = BFS + BFS: NEXT :BFS = LEFTS (BFS 40) 790 DATA 160,4,162,0,36,255,16,2 +162,5,189,31,3,153,22,3,232 .136,16,246,160 800 DATA 39,185,41,3,145,40,136, 16,248,96,3,41,153,40,177,40 1145,3,41,185 810 HOME : VTAB 2: POKE 255,0: CALL ey GOSUB 200: VTAB 18: GOSUB 820 GOSUB 630 830 VTAB 1: HTAB 16: PRINT "'FIEL DAMEN ne 840 X = 01: GOSUB 100 850 GOSUB 500: FOR A= 0170 LEN (KYS): IF K$ < > MIDS (KY$ ,A,01) THEN NEXT : PRINT G$ ;: GOTO 850 860 ON A GOSUB 880,910,1100,1040 .1300,1380,1420,250,250,250, 250,1160,1000,960,390,390: GOTO 820 870 REM NAME PROMPT 882 GOSUB 680: HTAB 17: PRINT "'P ROMPT?": PRINT : PRINT PRS(F ); 890 HTAB 1: VTAB 22:A = GX - HT( F) + 01: GOSUB 520:PRS(F) = AS: RETURN 900 REM ALTER LENGTH 910 X = GX - H2(F) + 01: GOSUB 68 @: PRINT "CURRENT LENGTH=>"'L. N(F): PRINT : PRINT "MAXIMUM LENGTH=>""X 920 PRINT : PRINT "NEW LENGTH=>" wA = LEN ( STR$ (GX - H2(F ) + 01): GOSUB 520 930 IF VAL (AS) <010R VAL (A $) > X THEN 910 940 LN(F) = VAL (A$): RETURN 950 REM ESCAPE PROGRAM 960 GOSUB 680: PRINT "LEAVE PROG RAM ? (Y/N)'"HSHSHSHSHSHSHS; 970 A = 1: GOSUB 520: IF AS < > "Y" THEN RETURN 980 HOME : PRINT : VTAB 24: PRINT D$"RUNHELLO.DB"" 990 REM CLEAR WORK AREA 1000 GOSUB 680: PRINT "CLEAR WOR K ore ? (Y/N) " HSHSHSHSHSH_ HS $ 1010 A = 1: GOSUB 520: IF A$ < > "Y" THEN RETURN 1020 HOME : RUN 1030 REM GRAB NEXT FIELD 1040 IF F > FD THEN GOSUB 180:F = 01: GOTO 1060 1050 X = Z: GOSUB 100:F = F + 01: IF F > FD THEN F = 01 1060 B = F:X = Z: VTAB VT(B): HTAB 01: PRINT SPC( 4@);: FOR A = 01 TO FD 1070 IF VT(A) = VT(B) ANDA < > B THEN VTAB VT(B):F = A: GOSUB 110 1080 NEXT :F = B: POKE 255,Z: VTAB Hue CALL 768: POP : GOTO 8 1092 REM DEFINE THE FIELD 1100 IF F = Z THEN PRINT G$;: RETURN 1110 X = Z: GOSUB 100: IF FD + 01 THEN F = F + 1:FD = FD + 01: GOTO 1130 1120 F = FD + 01 1130 IF F = MX THEN F = Z 1140 VTAB VT(F): POKE 255,2: CALL 768: RETURN 1150 REM ZAP (DELETE OR INSERT) A FIELD 116 GOSUB 680: PRINT : PRINT "'D )ELETE FIELD" TAB( 19)""OR" TAB( 26)""I)NSERT A FIELD": PRINT TAB( 17)"WHICH 2"'H$; 1170 GET A$: IFAS < > "I" AND AS < > "D" AND A$ < > ES$ AND AS < > MS THEN 1170 1180 IF AS = ES$ OR A$ = M$ OR F > FD THEN RETURN 1190 X = Z: IF AS = "I" THEN 1250 1200 GOSUB 680: VTAB 20: HTAB 13 : PRINT "DELETING FIELD'" 1210 B = 01: FORA = FTO MX- 01 : GOSUB 200: NEXT 1220 A = MX: GOSUB 480:FD = FD - 01 1230 GOSUB 220:F = FD: IF FD = Z THEN F = 01 1240 RETURN 1250 IF FD = MX THEN RETURN 1260 GOSUB 680: VTAB 20: HTAB 13 : PRINT "INSERTING FIELD" 1270B = -1: FORA = MX TOF + 01 STEP - 1: GOSUB 200: NEXT Hardcore COMPUTIST no.8 1282 GOSUB 480:FI FD + 01:8 = CHECKSUMS 1240 - $3BCD 1410 - $BFBO F: GOSUB 220:F = B: VTAB VI( 1250 - - F): POKE 255,2: CALL 768: RETURN 10 - $BADD 630 - $BSBA oe é Soe he ‘ es 1290 REM RENUMBER FIELDS 20 - $9813 640 - $ODD0 1270 . $0549 ieee eae "900 JF FD < TW THEN POP : GoTo 30 - $4D3B 650 - $BCDF 1280 . $3898 Hex eepnoe 40 - $AD92 660 - $FB3A : a ae ee ee ee TOOK = OIE FD THEN cose, OD SFFBS 880 - $B9CD 4319 - $652E «1480 - SAFFA 0 pe ee ae 1320 - $303A ‘1490 - $9F96 1320 B = X:A = Z i 1330 - $D1E5 1500 - $2477 1330 FOR X1 = X + 01 TO FD: IF FN 90° - $662F 710, ~ $385A 1340 - $1EAC ie : $0808 wien) < FA WH) THEN B = 100 - $8BD1 720 - $A03E ? ; 1350 - SFIOE 1520 - $4651 ee OB geen 1360 - $47FC 130 - $0785 1240 NEXT : GOSUB 200.4 = 8:8 = 120 - $7043 740 - $0150 1370 . SEGE6 X= A; GOSUB 200:A = X:B = - 130 - $58F3 750 - $67FO 1380. $1233 X: GOSUB 200 140 - $3E2C 760 - SOAFA 1390 . $4012 1350 X = X + 01: IF X < FD THEN 1 150 - $410D 770 - $76DD 4400 - $971 pee aes 160 - $4638 780 - $1044 170 - SFDFO 790 - $81D5 170 REM LOAD FORMAT 180. §320F 800. SFSEI Hello.DB Program 1380 KS = "LOAD FORMAT": GOSUB 14 190 - $79BE 10 TEXT; HOME : GOSUB 110 1k Penn ea ROUT EO teen BR eS ee FOR A = 01 TO FD: Neu MIC 210 - SEAAC 820 - $OCOB 30. VTAB 6: HTAB 5: PRINT "1. ENT - 4 Ube 1400 ‘na ‘gras GOSUB 220: 240 - $0884 oe ¢ sd NFIGURATION FILE(S)": PRINT = 250 - $A3E0 4 1410 REM SAVE THE WORKPAD 260 ye 870 - SEDA8 50 HTAB 5: PRINT "3, EXIT TO BAS 1420 KS = "SAVE FORMAT": GOSUB 14 270. $E04B 880 - $18F0 IC": PRINT 90: IF KS = ESS THEN RETURN 890 - $A73C 60 PRINT : HTAB 16: PRINT "WHICH 1430, PRINT DS"'DELETE"AS: PRINT D pig! oo 900 - $51D3 2!:: GET AS: PRINT AS: IF s44p ‘PRINTED = 7 FORK = 0170) 300 $9A81 AG ate $< > ‘CHAS @7) THEN OO :B = Z: = 8 hs ate Tis See Be 2M gjcm me 11 HH20X)!#, HNO) BB = - 80 HOME : END B + LN(X) + 01: NEXT 330 - $7388 epee 90 PRINT CHRS (4)"'RUN COREFILER 1450 PRINT B: PRINT O:A$ = _LEFTS 340 - $F631 968°. SETI " (AS,A - 01): PRINT DS"OPEN'A 350 - $6B28 100 PRINT CHRS (4)""RUN COREFILE $: PRINT D$"DELETE" AS: PRINT 360 - $C80D 970 - $8870 R FORM" sWRTe"ASH AON: pant 378 ~ $DBDD Sleaties, 110 INVERSE :AS = "‘COREFILER "': FOR RO": : X = 1 TO 4: PRINT AS;: NEXT ""4,450,0"": PRINT DS" WRITE"AS aot sien 1000 - $CAOF "RI": FOR A = 01 TO FD aetna 120 VTAB 24: PRINT RIGHTS (AS,8 1470 FOR B = 1 TO LN(A): PRINT" - $i 1010 - $CD38 );: FOR X = 1 TO 3: PRINT AS NEXT : PRINT MS;: NEXT 410 - $F507 1020 - $DB8B : : ";: POKE 2 vg a ET Ee att a a 4490 GOSUB 680: PRINT TAB( 15)K ‘ 1050 - $0080 40: PRINT "" "" CHRS (8):: $: PRINT : PRINT "NAME OF Fl 440 - $7092 4060 - SE7EC 4:2 = 3: FORX = 110 21 LE:": IF F > FD THEN GOSUB 450 - $98F4 1070 - $0209 140 PRINT MIDS (AS,Y,1) MIDS (A se z tls 4080 - $5E79 OE ile Yelk = Y > LEN (A$) THEN Y = 1 480 - SFEF 1090 - SDDAC 1802 = 2+ 1:1FZ> LEN (AS) THEN 1510 GOSUB 680: FOR A= 01 T0 LEN 490 - $0D9D 1100 - $8683 Z=1 (AS): IF_ MIDS (AS,A,01) < > 500 - $E7C4 1110 - $4113 160 NEXT ; NORMAL : RETURN "THEN. NEXT ‘AS = AS +". 510. SAAB 1120 - S6FOE 1500 AS = LEFTS ASA 01) +". 320 - seis tig seorg. «= CHECKSUMS Paar PARRIRSOT S LEN © cg ares 1150 - SDD9C 10 - $F415 90 - $7CBB 1530 PRINT DS"OPENMAS:AS = LeFTS 550 - SBFBA eae ae BO SSA Bers wi BB 6DRE (AS,A + 6): GOSUB 680: VTAB 560 - $457C aie ae 30 - SECA2 110 - SFAQ8 21: PRINT TAB( 11)"ONE MOME 570 - $DEOB 1198 - $8CAB 40 - SC7IA 120 - $02C5 NT PLEASE."": RETURN 580 - $06BD ae ahs 50 - S75FD 130 - $1592 590 - $2233 60 - $F28C 140 - $BS6E STILL CONFUSED 600 - $753E 70 - $746A 150 - $57B5 Hardcore COMPUTIST/CORE? lle ore ee ee lardcore See pg. 23 for information. pa : a ye 3 per & Hardcore COMPUTIST no.8 Page 19 ProDOS Data EncryPptor ty cary Peterson ‘*...with the widespread availability of nibble copiers and with the use of other techniques such as boot code trac- ing, it is not easy to be confident in the security of the in- formation contained on any disk.” Most readers of Hardcore COM- PUTIST are familiar with at least some of the techniques used by software companies to make their disks uncopy- " able by users. The normal protection techniques involve using a disk oper- ating system which has been modified so that the normal Apple DOS cannot read or copy the disk. However, with the widespread availability of nibble - copiers and with the use of other tech- niques such as boot code tracing, it is ot easy to be confident in the securi- ty of the information contained on any disk. Aside from software manufac- turers’ reasons for copy protecting pro- grams, there are legitimate reasons why a person might want to prevent | files contained on their disks from be- ing read by unauthorized persons. In an office where payroll and other confidential information is stored on computer disks, it is often desired that this information only be accessed by employees. If the system does not have a password protection scheme incorporated into it, then just about anyone could view the information » stored in ordinary text files. One problem with the password system is that often the passwords become com- mon knowledge. An alternate method of protecting privileged information contained in files is the use of an en- cryption routine whereby the file is made unreadable to anyone who does not know the key by which the file was encrypted. This article and the pro- gram which accompanies it will | demonstrate a simple process by which information can be encrypted and decrypted. There are a great many document- ed methods of encoding and en- cyphering information with the aid of computers. One of the most secure key cryptography, has received quite a bit of publicity in recent years in var- ious publications. Public key cryptog- raphy is a very well documented method of encryption which does not Page 20 ) methods of encryption, called public + require the exchange of keys between the sender and the receiver of the mes- sage. Because of this and the mathe- matica! impossibility of unauthorized decryption of encyphered messages, public key cryptography is a very desirable method of encryption. The problem with implementing the public method on microcomputers lies in the floating point method used by micros to represent large numbers. On the Apple, each variable can only be represented in floating point form by a maximum of nine significant digits. This means that integer numbers larg- er than one billion lose significant digits when stored in floating point form. For most applications of microcomputers, this form of represen- tation is acceptable. But because pub- lic key cryptography involves modulo and exponential arithmetic, the lost significant digits cannot be tolerated. Although it is possible to write a pro- gram for the Apple which uses the pub- lic key method of encryption, any enciphered information would not be very secure because the encryption key could be fairly easily guessed by practically anyone. For someone who merely wishes to protect his files from the prying eyes of the casual browser, there are some relatively simple techniques which can be used to encrypt confidential data. One of the most elementary methods of encryption is to add or subtract a constant from the values of the charac- ters in the file. This method might con- fuse the uninformed, but the encrypted file can be fairly easily read by some- one who could extract or guess the sin- gle constant value. A variation on this encryption theme might use the com- puter to generate a random number which can be added or subtracted from the values in the file. To decrypt the file, the computer must be able to generate the exact same sequence of numbers as was generated when the file was encrypted. On the Apple it is possible to do this if the RND function is first seeded with a negative number. After RND is seeded with a particular negative number a unique series of values will be generated until RND is reseeded. My encryption program re- lies on this fact so that Applesoft, Bi- nary and Text files can be encrypted and then decrypted when given the “key'’(the value used to seed RND). Then RND is used to generate a value to add or subtract from the value of each character in the file. Whether the value will be added to or subtracted from the original value in the file is also chosen randomly using RND. | had originally written this program to run under DOS 3.3 but, when | saw some of the capabilities of ProDOS, | decided to utiliize the new Apple oper- ating system for the program because a cumbersome machine lanaguage program which accessed the DOS 3.3 file manager would not be needed. Even though you may have no interest in encrypting files, you may want to take a look at the pro- gram to see some of the advantages of ProDOS over tried and true DOS 3.3. Table One gives an explanation of the Pro- * DOS commands and parameters which are used in the program. To use the program, simply pick either the en- cryption or decryption operation from the main menu and enter the key to use in encrypting and decrypting. Be sure to record your key in a se- cure location or it will be very hard to return the file to its original form. Hardcore COMPUTIST no.8 The program will then BLOAD the in- put file into memory starting at address $4000. After the encryption or decryp- tion process has been completed, the output file will be written to disk. If the input file is more than forty blocks (eighty sectors) in length, more than one encrypt/decrypt cycle will be re- quired. While the machine language program is encrypting or decrypting, the program will display a flashing message on the screen. Even though the machine language program is short, each decryption/encryption pass can take up to two and a half minutes because of the large number of ran- dom values being generated. As presently written, the entries of the input and output paths must reside in the same directory block, be it the main directory or a subdirectory. Your choice for input and output file names may be the same so that disk space is conserved. If you choose a new name for the output file be sure the disk has enough room for this new file, otherwise the process will fail. The maximum path length that the program will encrypt or decrypt is 80 blocks. There are some precautions to ob- serve when encrypting/decrypting Bi- nary (BIN) or Applesoft (BAS) files. Because ProDOS stores certain file in- formation including path length and target address on the directory block and not physically in the file, when an encrypted file is restored to its original form some information in the directo- ty may no longer be correct. For re- stored Binary files, the load address is affected because my program loads and saves at $4000. To correct this simply BLOAD and then BSAVE the file using proper address and length parameters. For Applesoft (BAS) files, the pro- gram pointers need to be properly set. To do this, type NEW to clear any pro- grams in memory. Next type CATA- LOG and write down the length information of the decrypted BASIC file which is displayed. Then BLOAD the Applesoft program at $801 using the T (type) parameter. For example, if the file is called UNSCRAMBLED, type BLOAD UNSCRAMBLED, A$801,TBAS To set the program pointers properly, type the following in immediate execu- tion mode replacing n with the file length you recorded above POKE 103,1:POKE 104,8:POKE 176, INT (1/256):POKE 175, (n-PEEK(176) #256) Finally, just reSAVE the program with the proper path name. These gyrations would not be neces- sary if there were more information available on the structure of a directo- ty block. Unfortunately, at the time of this writing, Apple has not yet released the ProDOS reference manuals to the general public. The only materials on ProDOS which are available to me are articles in CALL A.P.P.L.E. and Nibble and the less than adequate user's manual which is included with the Ap- ple disk drive or Apple //e at the time of purchase. Besides the lack of refer- ence materials, a few other aspects of ProDOS can also be a bit bothersome. Programming without access to GPLE and other useful DOS 3.3 utili- ties is a real inconvenience. | had to go back to POKE 33,33 for program editing. Having a 16K language card plus $9600-$BFFF gobbled up by an operating system was also a bit of a shock. The DOS 3.3< = >ProDOS conver- sion program (DUCK) also needs two disk drives to operate properly, a fact which is not documented in the Pro- DOS user’s manual. Oh, | almost for- got to mention the fact that ProDOS will only boot on genuine Apples and not on compatibles like Syscom and Franklin. | guess nothing can be done about ProDOS's memory require- ments but, hopefully, the other short- comings will be rectified by Apple and/or other enterprising people. Bibliography: Bosworth, Bruce, Codes, Ciphers and Computers- An Introduction to the Information Society. New Jersey: Hayden Book Company, 1982. Smith, John. Public Key Cryptogra- phy. Byte (January 1983): Vol. 8/ No.1, 198-218. Table 1 CAT - Displays a forty column direc- tory of the current pathname. CATALOG - Displays an eighty column directory of the current path- name which contains file lengths, load addresses and other path information. CREATE - This creates a new path in the current directory. With the use of the T (type) parameter, any path type can be created. If a T parameter is not specified, then a DIR (directory) type path is created. Hardcore COMPUTIST no.8 BLOAD/BSAVE - There are several new parameters associated with these two commands. T- This is the path type parameter which allows any path (file) type to be BLOADed and BSAVed to and from memory. B - This is the byte parameter which can be used to BLOAD and BSAVE to and from any byte position in the path (file), E - The E (End) allows an ending address to be specified when BSAVE- ing so that the number of bytes to be saved does not need to be specified. PREFIX - When PREFIX is followed by a pathname the path to the directo- ry (DIR) block of interest is set so that | the entire pathname does not have to be typed to access the paths (files) wi- thin that directory. If PREFIX is not fol- lowed by a pathname the current prefix | is displayed. If PREFIX/ is typed, then | the current prefix is eliminated. PROGRAM 10 erretrterttrti ttt tt itt tt ey 20 30 REM * DATA ENCRYPTOR 40 REM * 50 REM * WRITTEN UNDER 60 REM * PRODOS 1.1 * be 70 REM * “Bp: 80 REM *otttettsseeteeeeeseeesererene | 90 REM 100 ONERR GOTO 1190 118 GOSUB 1100 120 REM MAIN PROGRAM MENU 130 HOME : HTAB 09: VTAB 07: PRINT ™P) SET PRODOS PREFIX'" 140 HTAB 09: VTAB 9: PRINT '"E) E NCRYPT A PATH" 150 HTAB 09: VTAB 11; PRINT ''D) DECRYPT A PATH" 160 HTAB 09: VTAB 13: PRINT ''C) CATALOG" 170 HTAB 09: VTAB 15: PRINT ''Q) Quit" 180 HTAB 10: VTAB 18: PRINT "CHO OSE ONE" 190 GOSUB 230 200 ON S% GOTO 310,350,390,510 210 POKE 34,0: HOME : END : 220 REM KEYBOARD INPUT ROUTINE 238 HTAB 21: VTAB 18: GET S$: IF S$< > "C" ANDS$< > "'D' AND S$< > "E" ANDS$< > "P" AND S$ < > "Q'' THEN 230 240 PRINT S$ 250 IF S$ 260 270 280 290 300 RETURN 310 REM CATALOG 320 HOME : PRINT D$"CAT" onnnn anon Page 21 & 330 HTAB 9: VTAB 24: PRINT "HIT ANY KEY TO CONTINUE": POKE - 16368,0: WAIT - 16384,128: GOTO 130 | 340 REM SET PRODOS PREFIX 350 HOME :PF = 1:VT = 9:HT = 1:A = "SET PRODOS PREFIX": GOSUB 1 620 360 PFE = "1/" + PNS + "/"" 370 PRINT D$"'PREFIX''PFS: PRINT D $"BLOAD" PFS" ,A$3000,TDIR" | 380 PF = 0: GOTO 130 )) 390 REM ENCRYPT A PATH ) 400 POKE 794,24: POKE 795,101: POKE 814,56; POKE 815,229 410 HOME :HT = 1:VT = 09:A$ = "P. ATH NAME TO ENCRYPT": GOSUB 620 | 420 PRINT D$''VERIFY"PFSPNS ) 430 PIS = PN$: GOSUB 840 440 HT = 1:VT = 12:A$ = "PATH NAM E FOR ENCRYPTED FILE": GOSUB 620 450 PO$ = PNS 460 PRINT D$"'CREATE"PO$" T'TY$ 470 GOSUB 740 480 M1$ = "ENCRYPTING '' + PI$:M2$ = "WRITING " + PO$: GOSUB 1 000 490 GOTO 130 500 REM DECRYPT A FILE 510 POKE 794,56: POKE 795,229: POKE 814,24: POKE 815,101 520 HOME :HT = 1:VT = 09:A$ = "P ATH NAME TO DECRYPT": GOSUB 620 Disk File Work Station © Stores 100 Disks, Dust Free @ 25 Disk Titles Clearly Visible @ Fast, Easy Access @ Top Flips Back, Locks Upright ® Closed Files are Stackable $Q95 Cash. check or M.0. NoC.0.0's X Sf £ Ont F 42 Olver Street Dept H Newark, NJ. 07105 Page 22 530 PRINT D$"VERIFY"PNS 540 PIS = PNS$: GOSUB 840 550 HT = 1:VT = 12:A$ = TH NAM. E FOR DECRYPTED FILE": GOSUB 620 560 POS = PNS 570 PRINT D$"*CREATE" POS" ,T'TY$ 580 GOSUB 740 590 M1$ = "DECRYPTING " + PI$:M2$ = "WRITING ' + PO$: GOSUB 1 000 600 GOTO 130 610 REM INPUT PATH NAME 620 HTAB HT: VTAB VT: tu: PRINT AS: PRIN 630 GET PCS: IF PC$ = CHRS (13) AND LEN (PN$) > 0 THEN RETURN 640 IF PC$ = CHRS (27) THEN POP : GOTO 130 650 IF ( ASC (PC$) < 650R ASC (PC$) > 90) AND ( ASC (PCS) < 46 OR ( ASC (PC$) > 57)) AND ASC (PC$) < > 8 OR ( LEN ( PNS) = 15 AND NOT PF) OR ( LEN (PNS$) = 64 AND PF) THEN PRINT G$;: GOTO 630 660 IF PC$ = CHRS (8) AND LEN (PNS) < 1 OR ( LEN (PNS) > 1 5 AND NOT PF) OR ( LEN (PNS$ ) > 50 AND PF) THEN PRINT G $;: GOTO 630 670 IF PC$ = CHR$ (8) AND LEN = 1 THEN PRINT PC$;: PRINT PRINT PC$;:PN$ = ®: GOTO 630 680 IF PC$ = CHR$ (8) THEN PRINT PCS;: PRINT '' '';: PRINT PCS; :PNS = LEFTS (PN, LEN (PNS ) - 1): GOTO 630 690 IF NOTC AND ASC (PCS) > 4 ) AND ASC (PC$) < 58 THEN PRINT = PNS + PCS: PRINT cs: GOTO 630 710 PRINT PC$;: GOTO 630 720 REM WAIT ROUTINE 730 PRINT GS: VTAB 11: HTAB (20 - LEN (MGS) / 2): PRINT MGS: VTAB 24: HTAB 8: PRINT "HIT ANY K EY TO CONTINUE": POKE - 163 68,0: WAIT - 16384,128: RETURN 740 REM GET ENCRYPTION KEY 750 EK$ = '""": VTAB 15: HTAB 1: PRINT "ENCRYPTION KEY ""; 760 GET NUS: IF ASC (NUS) = 13 AND LEN (EK$) > ® THEN EK = VAL (EKS): RETURN 770 \F NU$ = CHR$ (27) THEN POP : GOTO 130 780 IF NUS = CHRS (8) AND LEN (EK$) < 1 THEN PRINT G$;: GOTO 760 790 IF NUS = CHRS (8) AND LEN = 1THEN PRINT NUS;: PRINT PRINT NUS;:EK$ = GOTO 760 800 IF NUS = CHR$ (8) THEN PRINT NUS;: PRINT '* ';: PRINT NUS; :EK$ = LEFTS (EKS, LEN (EKS - 1): GOTO 760 810 IF VAL (NUS) < 10R LEN(E K$) = 3 THEN PRINT G$;: GOTO 760 820 EK$ = EK$ + NU$: PRINT NU$;: GOTO 760 830 REM GET PATH INFO 840 A = 12332:CT = 0 850 FC = ASC ( LEFTS (PI$,1)) 860 IF PEEK (A) = FC THEN 900:REM FIND PATH IN DIRECTORY 870 CT = CT + 1:A = A + 39: IF CT = 12THENA=A+5:CT= - 1 880 IF A > EN THEN 1350 898 GOTO 860 900 NMS = """" 910 FORI=ATOA + LEN (PIS) - 1:NM$ = NM$ + CHRS ( PEEK ( 1): NEXT 920 IF PIS = NMS AND (( PEEK (\) ) = 0 OR LEN (PIs) = 15) THEN PL = PEEK (A + 22) * 69536 + PEEK (A + 21) * 256 + PEEK (A + 20); GOSUB 940: RETURN 930 GOTO 870 940 TY = PEEK (A + 15): IF TY < > 252 AND TY < > 4 AND TY < > 6 THEN MGS = "UNSUPPORTED FILE TYPE!"": HOME ; GOSUB 7 30: POP : POP : GOTO 130 950 IF PL > 40960 THEN MGS = PIS " IS TOO LARGE TO ENCRYPT HOME : GOSUB 730: POP : POP : GOTO 130 960 IF TY = 252 THEN TY$ = "BAS" : RETURN 970 IF TY = 6 THEN TY$ = "BIN": RETURN 980 TY$ = "TXT": RETURN 990 REM ENCRYPTION/DECRYPTION RO UTINE 1000 BC = 0:NB = 20480:B = 20480: NR = INT (PL/ NB): HOME ; VTAB 11: HTAB INT (20- LEN (M1 $) / 2): FLASH : PRINT M1$ 1010 NORMAL 1020 FOR| = 0TONR 1030 POKE 6,0: POKE 7,64: POKE 8 , INT (NB / 256) + 65 1040 IF 1 = NR THEN NB = FN MOD (PL): POKE 8, INT (NB / 256) + 65 1050 PRINT D$"BLOAD"PIS" ,T'TY$", A$4000,L'"'NB"',B''BC:Z = RND ( - EK): CALL 768: HOME : VTAB 11: HTAB INT (20- LEN (M2 $) / 2): FLASH : PRINT M2$: NORMAL 1060 PRINT D$"BSAVE"PO$"',T!TY$", A$4000,L"'NB",B''BC 1070 IF|=NR-1THENNB= FN MOD(PL): 1088 BC = BC + 20480: VTAB 11: PRINT : VTAB 11: HTAB (20 - LEN ( M1$) / 2): FLASH : PRINT M1$ : NORMAL : NEXT : RETURN 1092 REM PROGRAM INITIALZATION 1100 FOR AD = 768 TO 836: READ B Y: POKE AD,BY: NEXT : REM PO KE ENCRYPTION ROUTINE 1110 TEXT : HOME : INVERSE : HTAB (8): PRINT "RANDOM ENCRYPTIO N SYSTEM": NORMAL 1120 POKE 34,1: HIMEM: 10496 1130 D$ = CHR$ (4):G$ = CHR$ (7 Hardcore COMPUTIST no.8 ):EN = 14336 1140 DEF FN MOD(A) = INT ((A/ B- INT(A/B)) *B + 05) * SGN (A / B) 1150 PRINT D$"PREFIX/"" 1160 PRINT D$"PREFIX"": INPUT PFS : PRINT D$"BLOAD" PFS" ,AS3000 TOIR" 1170 ‘RETURN 1180 REM ERROR HANDLING 1190 ER = PEEK (222): POKE 216,0 :ONERR GOTO 1190 1200 IF ER = 19 THEN 1270 1210 IF ER = 9 THEN 1330 1220 IFER< >6ANDER< >2AND ER < >3ANDER< > 11 AND ER < > 7 ANDER < > 16 THEN 1340 1230 HOME : VTAB (VT):MGS$ = "PAT H NOT FOUND!*": HTAB (20 - LEN (MGS) / 2): HOME : GO: 1240 IF S% = 2 THEN PFS 50 3 1250 IF S% = 3 THEN 410 1268 GOTO 520 1270 POKE 34,10: HOME : PRINT GS :MG$ = PO$ + '' ALREADY EXIST Si"; HTAB (1): VTAB 12: PRINT MGS: HTAB 1: PRINT "REPLACE IT YIN"; 128 GET ANS: IF ANS < > "Y" AND ANS < > "'N" THEN 1280 1290 IF ANS = "NN" AND S% = 2 THEN HOME : POKE 34,1: GOTO 440 1300 IF ANS = "'N'' THEN HOME : POKE 34,1: GOTO 550 1310 IF ANS = "Y" AND S% = 2 THEN HOME : POKE 34,1: HTAB 1: VTAB 12: PRINT "PATH NAME FOR ENC RYPTED FILE '': PRINT '"/";POS : GOTO 470 1320 HOME : POKE 34,1: HTAB 1: VTAB 12: PRINT "PATH NAME FOR DEC RYPTED FILE ''; PRINT ''/""POS$: GOTO 580 1330 TEXT : HOME : PRINT "DISK F ULL ERROR!"’: PRINT G$;: END 1340 TEXT : HOME : PRINT G$: PRINT "ERROR # " END 1350 TEXT : HOME : PRINT "FILE N OF FOUND ERRORI"": PRINT G$;: 1360 DATA 169,0,133,6,169,64,133 »7,1