II Computing Vol 2 No 1 Oct Nov 86

USERS : COMPU TING. U.S.A. $2.95 CANADA $3.50 OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 1986 The Il iGS Everything About Apple’s New Computer New! Teacher/Parent Tips Disk Bonuses: ¢«Newton’s Apple Software °18-Hole Golf Game AN 74470917795 | RamFactor All the Performance, Speed, and Software Compatibility of RamWorks” in a Slot 1 through 7 Card. "Tess right! Now Applied Engineering offers you a choice. While RamWorks is the dear winner for the auxiliary slot in a Ile, RamFactor is the standard for slots 1 through 7. Now anyone with an Apple II+, Franklin, or Apple Ie preferring to use slots 1 through 7 can now enjoy the speed and performance that until now was only available with RamWorks. With RamFactor, you'll be able to instantly add another 256K, 512K, or a full 1 meg on the main board and up to 16 meg with additional piggyback card. And since virtually all software is automatically compatible with RamFactor, you'll immediately be able to load programs into RamFactor for instantaneous access to information. You'll also be able to store more data for larger word processing documents, bigger data bases, and expanded spreadsheets Very Compatible All the leading software is already com- patible with RamFactor. Programs like Apple- | Works, Pinpoint, BPI, Managing Your Money, Dollars and Sense, SuperCalc 3A, PPS, Mouse- Write, MouseDesk, MouseCalc, Sensible Speller, Applewriter Ie, Business Works, ReportWorks, Catalyst 3.0 and more. And RamFactor is fully ProDos, DOS 3.3, Pascal 1.3 and CP/M compatible. In fact, no other memory card (RamWorks excepted) is more compatible with commercial software. AppleWorks Power There are other slot 1-7 cards that give AppleWorks a larger desktop, but that’s the end of their story. But RamFactor is the only slot 1-7 card that increases AppleWorks internal memory limits, increasing the maxi- mum number of records in the database and lines permitted in the word processor, and RamFactor is the only standard slot card that will automatically load AppleWorks into RAM dramatically increasing speed and eliminating the time required to access the program disk, | it will even display the time and date on the AppleWorks screen with any ProDos dock RamFactor will automatically segment large files so they can be saved on 5%", 342", and hard disks, All this performance is available to anyone with an Apple Ie or I+ with an 80 Arruici, NGINGERING sorymons os column card. RamFactor, no other standard slot card comes close to enhancing Apple- Works so much. True 65C816 16 Bit Power RamFactor has a builtin 65C816 CPU port for direct connection to our Ie 65C816 card for linearly addressing up to 16 meg for the most powerful 16 bit applications. (I+ 65C8I6 card under development) Powerful Program Switcher With RamFactor, you can organize memory into multiple work areas and switch between them. Each work area can contain different programs and even different operat- ing systems. Now you can switch from one program to another or even switch from AppleWorks to DOS 3.3 to CP/M to Pascal to ProDos in under a second. And with our Battery back-up option, you can have Permanent storage for up to 20 years. Quality and Support of the Industry Leader RamFactor is from Applied Engineering, the largest, most well supported manufacturer of Apple peripherals and the inventor of large RAM cards for the Apple. With our 5 year no hassle warranty and outstanding technical support, you're assured of the most trouble free product you can buy. "| Systems are directly bootable from Ram- | ¢ Built-in linear addressing 16 bit Features: ¢ Up to 16 meg total memory, 256K to 1 meg on main board. Up to 16 meg with additional memory on piggyback card. | Fully Apple II Memory Expansion com- patible ‘« Compatible with Apple He, I+ and Franklin ¢ Battery back-up option allows you to tum, on your Apple and run your favorite programs in less than 1 second! | « Automatically recognized by ProDos, DOS 3.3, Pascal and CP/M Builtin RamDrive™ software (a tue RAM disk not disk caching) Factor if desired co-processor port Built-in self diagnostic software ¢ Automatic expansion with AppleWorks 1.3 or later Allows Apple II+ and Ile to run your AppleWorks without buying additional | software Accelerates AppleWorks * Displays time and date on the AppleWorks screen with any ProDos clock ¢ Fits any I/O slot except slot 3 Fully socketed and user upgradeable Much, much more RamFactor with 256K $239 RamFactor with 512K $289 RamFactor with 1 MEG $389 RamFactor with 2-16 MEG CALL Battery Back-up Option $179 65C816 16 Bit Card $159 Order RamFactor today . . . with 15 day money back guarantee and our “no hassle” five year warranty. Call 9 a.m. to 11 p.m, 7 days, or send check or money order to. | Applied Engineering, MasterCard, Visa and COD. welcome. Texas residents add 5¥4% | sales tax. Add $10.00 if outside USA | a Applied Engineering | The Apple enhancement experts. (214) 241-6060 | P.O. Box 798, Carrollton, TX 75006 Interested in some of the products advertised in this issue? For FREE product information... Just circle the number(s) on the Reader Service Card bound inside the back cover. USE THE BRAINS YOUR APPLE WASN'T BORN WITH. Right at your fingertips in CompuServe’s Apple’ Forums. Join the CompuServe Apple II and III Forum to swap everything from tall tales to short cuts with other users, and explore thousands of classic programs stockpiled since 1979. Swap programs and files with fellow Mac owners in our Macintosh” Users Forum. Questions? You'll get answers from the experts here! Visit the Macintosh Developers Forum. Get updates to the “Inside Macintosh Software Supplement? Interact with the Mac “team” in Cupertino. The Apple User Groups Forum, supported by Apple Computer, unites officers of Apple user groups—“ambassa- dors” for hundreds of thousands of Apple- active enthusiasts worldwide. Easy access to free software, including FREE uploads. © Download first-rate, non-commercial user- supported software and utility programs. ¢ Upload your own programs free of connect time charges. © Take advantage of CompuServe's inexpensive weeknight and weekend rates (when forums are most active, and standard online charges are just 10¢ a minute). Go online in most major metropolitan areas with a local phone call. ¢ And receive a $25.00 Introductory Usage Credit with purchase of your CompuServe Subscription Kit. Information you simply can’t find anywhere else. Use the Forum Message Board to send and receive electronic messages, and pose specific questions to Apple owners. Join ongoing, real-time discussions in a Forum Conference—with Apple luminaries like Bill Atkinson, Doug Clapp, Dan Cochran, Jean-Louis Gassee, Guy Kawasaki, Mark Pelczarski, John Sculley and Steve Wozniak. Search Forum Data Libraries for free software, user tips, transcripts of previous CompuServe online conferences and more. CIRCLE 032 ON READERS SERVICE CARD Enjoy other useful services like: ¢ Popular Computer Magazines— electronic editions, including Apple Online and other Apple-related publications. © Other CompuServe Forums—support- ing Jazz™ and other LOTUS® products. Microsoft®, MicroPro®, Borland Interna- tional? Ashton-Taté? and other software. All you need is your Apple computer and a modem ...or almost any other personal computer. To buy your Subscription Kit, see your nearest computer dealer. Suggested retail price is $39.95. To receive our free bro- chure, or to order direct, call 800-848-8199 (in Ohio, call 614-457-0802). Ifyou’re al- ready a CompuServe subscriber, type GO MAUG (Micronetworked Apple Users Group) at any ! prompt to see what you've been missing. CompuServe: Information Services, PO. Box 20212 5000 Arlington Centre Bivd., Columbus, Ohio 43220 800-848-8199 In Ohio, Call 614-457-0802 ‘An H&R Block Company =: e. \ £ ies a “Require? Apple Hel 1+ (64K mini Prepare to be blown away by yourApple: Phasor produces sound effects, music, and speech so striking, Applied Engineering feels you should be warned. Have a weak heart? Don’t read any further. And by all means, don’t go near an Apple Ie or I+ equipped with the new Phasor sound synthesizer from Applied Engineering. But those of you with the right stuff ... prepare your- self. Because the Phasor is like nothing you've heard before. Its a sound effects synthesizer that makes games explode into life. A music synthesizer that will stun you with 4 watts of stereophonic sound. And a speech syn- thesizer so realistic, it will send shivers up your spine. “I recommend Applied Engineering products wholeheartedly!” Steve Wozniak, the creator of Apple Computer What’ best, the Phasor works with more off-the-shelf software than any other sound card you can buy. So now all your favorite games — like Skyfox™, Under Fire™, Willy Byte™, Tactical Armor Command™, Maze Craze™, Zaxxon™ and Ultima IV™ — can have shattering sound effects. Educational packages like Music Construction Set™, Guitar Master™ and Music Star™ are also dramat- ically enhanced. The Phasor four times the output power and twice the accuracy of any other sound card — but of course, you can easily turn down the volume if you need a rest. The Phasor is equipped with 12 simultaneous sound channels, 4 white noise generators, and a voice channel expandable to 2 voices. Programs written for other sound cards, including Mockingboard™, ALF music card™, Syn- phonix™ and the Super Music Synthesizer™, sound even better with the Phasor. And you can control speech, pitch, volume and more with simple commands. The Phasor comes with its own easy-to-use software (ProDOS based), including 30 ready-to-run, non-copy protected songs and sound effects along with a Music Editor, Sound Effects Editor and Text to Speech program. And of course, it carries our no-has five-year wari Order a Phasor for your Apple today — and prepare to be blown away! Call (214) 241-6060 to order (9 a.m. to 11 pm. 7 days). Or send check or money order for $179 to: FE Applied Engineering The Apple enhancement experts. PO. Box 798, Carrollton, TX 75006 (214) 241-6060 Needle, Thread and the Apple II..72 FOR APPLE II USERS COMPUTING. For the Fun of It..... Downloading Pictures. ° Features Reader Services | Departments 10 The IIGs 6 Editorial 931 Sneak Preview: by Charles Rubin * ster 2 ‘Apples New “Super” II 7 Reader Forum dalking ‘Text Writer and the 14 The Computer 97 Advertisers’ List by Anita Malnig Evolution j 98 New Products 32 65816 Product Reviews: by Frank Hayes and Michael 65816/65802 Programming, Biancalana Programming the 65816, A Technical Overview of the Iles | Software Library Programming the 65816 Micro- ks); Apple16, 27 IIGs Products 39 Contents SERA ox nue by Anita Malnig é Mice and Color Lead in Software | 40 Softstrip Boards) ; 61 Calendar Maker 41 Typo II, Typing 22 Hane ‘er/Parentt Tip = by Dudley Glass, III Checker Maker, TypeRight, Flash Math Use This Tb Plan Ahead ‘and FactWorks Pas 60 II Err Is Human 66 Game Frame: 72 Needle, Thread and the TypeRight Apple II by Bill Marquardt by Susan Katz Type-In Software Fiber Arts Software a “i 68 For Kids: Flash Math Columns by Ralph B. Davis Sr 69 Sotto Voce EneiiSewas by Margot Comstock ies: Reflections by a Former Softalk so Graphics « Pictures’ i Editor Mode ung Pictures by 76 Advanced Computer by FP oe Hayes and Michael Concepts tected by Daniel Wolf, Ph.D. betasatiwats Thinking About Thinking, Part 2 | About the Cover: 82 Reviews: Type-In Software Mark Gottlieb, photographer; digi- FactWorks, Okimate 20 tized photo on IIcs reproduced using . 84 For the Fun of It PaintWorks Plus™, from Activision | 92 Education: by Neil Shapiro Creativity Software, designed by Apple Computer Clubs Games and Entertainment. Version Soft. International Software by Frank Hayes Vol. 2, No. 1, October/November 1986. If COMPUTING, for Apple II Users (ISSN 0889-9134) is published bimonthly by Antic Publishing, ., 524 Second Street, San Franc CA 94107. Application to mail at second class rates is pending at San Francisco CA and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Please send address changes to IT COMPUTING, PO Box 1922, Marion, OH 43306. [fomuevtine. Publisher James Capparell Editorial DeWitt Robbeloth, Executive Editor Anita Mainig, Editor Frank Hayes, Assistant Editor Michael Biancalana, Programs Editor Annie Jenkel, Editorial Assistant Heidi Brumbaugh, Editorial Clerk Art & Production Marni Tapscott, Art Dinctor Linda Tapscott, Assistant Art Director Mary Webster, Design/Production Asst. Katherine Murphy, Advertsing Praduction Coordinator Julianne Ososke, Collateral Printing Coordinator Contributing Artists & Photographers Mark Gottlieb, Cover Photography Michael Jay Mary Rhomberg Lavery Linda Tapscott Mary Webster Circulation Margot Olmstead, Director Dixie Nicholas, Subscription Coordinator Daniel Barrett, Ken Warner, Dealer Sale Marketing Jon Loveless, VP. Marketing Gary Yost, Director Lisa Wehrer, Director of Sales Administration John Cady, Assistant Contoler Lorene Kaatz, Credit & Collections Suzann Thompson, Accounts Receivable Lydia Chee, Accounts Payable Kimberlea Johnson, Lawrence Sumpter, Onder Processing Griselda Lopez, Cash Receipts Susan Allison, Administrative Secretary Dennis Swan, Receptionist Advertising Sales John Taggart, Director (415) 957-0886 See page 97 for regional Advertising Representatives. General Offices (415) 957-0886 524 Second Street, San Francisco, CA 94107 Subscription Customer Service (614) 383-3141 Credit Card Subscriptions (800) 433-0100 ext. 700 Continental U.S. and Hawaii Subscriptions: US. $11.97 (6 issues), Action Edition $59.95 (6 issues with disk). Canada and Mexico $16.97 (6 issues), $72.45 (6 issues with disk). Other foreign $21.97 (6 issues), $84.95 (6 issues with disk). Copyright 1986 by Antic Publishing, Inc. All rights, reserved. Printed in USA No part of this publication may be stored in an elec tronic retrieval system except by the purchaser for his or her own use, nor reproduced by any means (electronic, magnetic, mechanical, optical, photo- graphic, or other) by anyone without prior written, permission of the publisher. IT Computing — for Apple IT Users is an indepen- dent periodical not affliated in any way with Apple Computer, Inc. Apple, Apple II, Apple I+, Apple Ie and Apple Hc are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. All references to Apple prod- ucts are trademarked and should be so noted. E. Into the Future Apple I Forever, the phrase that Apple coined in April 1984 at the birth of the Ic, is still current in a big way— a very big way. The IIGs (“Graphics/Sound”) that you see on our cover gives the solid base of Apple II software a renewed life cycle, and introduces some utterly fantastic new software. This new machine can proudly stand alongside the new generation of computers— Amiga, Atari ST—and run your oldest and most favorite software. No one's being left in the dust; rather, we're being rocketed into the future. That future is filled with great sound (the IIGS has an Ensoniq sound chip), wonderful color (a pal- ette of over 4,000 colors to choose from), more RAM (256K and ex- pandable), and more speed. You'll be able to upgrade your Ile by swapping motherboards. We expect that swap to cost you around $600. (At the time of this writing, Apple hadn’t made prices available.) Should you make the swap—and what will it do for you? These are questions we begin to address today in IT Computing and will continue addressing. In this issue, veteran Apple II writer Charles Rubin offers an overview of the IIGS and its posi- tion vis-a-vis other computers, includ- ing Apples own Macintosh. Our tech- nical staff takes a detailed look at the TIGs from the inside out and we also give you previews of some of the remarkable software that is being developed at a furious pace. This “IIGS” issue has extra impor- tance for us at IT Computing: it’s the issue that marks our one-year anniver- sary. From the start, we've commit- ted ourselves to bringing you creative ways to enhance your computer use, and what better time than now to reaffirm that promise? For those of you who do upgrade, we'll be there with all the latest IIGS news. For those of you who choose not to upgrade now, we'll continue with information on the rest of the II line, for without a doubt there will be plenty of development for the standard IIs. John Sculley, president of Apple Com- puter, stated in an early IIGS meet- ing with the press that the IIGS may not immediately be for everyone. That’s why they'll continue to support the existing IT line and provide upgrades. Something else is new in this issue: “Teacher/Parent Tips,’ four pull-out lesson plans located in the center of the magazine. Through talking with parents and especially teachers, we realized that extra ideas and tips on how to use IZ Computing programs and other software as well would benefit teacher, parent and student. Sara Armstrong, a Montessori teacher from Berkeley, California, has devel- oped plans for “Flash Math,” ‘Type- Right” and “Calendar Maker,’ three IT Computing type-in programs, and for “FactWorks,’ a neat product from ImagiMedia reviewed here. Let us know what you think. And now I invite you to read all the news. Get set for the IIGS; it’s really a winner.// ANITA MALNIG, EDITOR I COMPUTING, FOR APPLE II USERS TEAR ALONG PERFORATION. FOLD HERE AND SEAL. New Apple software pages 94 and 95 UPGRADE POLICy Products that are developed exclu- sively for The Catalog are backed by an excellent upgrade policy. Just send your current original program disk with proof of purchase and specify the revision you want. We will copy the new version directly onto the original disk. Please include $7.00 for upgrade and handling fee. Send it to The Catalog Upgrades, 524 Second St., San Francisco, CA 94107. PRODUCT WARRANTY The Catalog warrants that the products sold in this catalog will operate prop- erly and be free of defects for a period of 30 days. Should you require war- ranty service, assistance or informa- tion, contact: The Catalpg, 524 Second St., San Francisco, CA $107— (415) 957-0886. GUARANTEE OF COMPLETE SATISFACTION We guarantee every product we sell to be free of defects and to operate properly. If you are not completely satisfied, or if any item is defective, just contact our customer service depart- ment by mail, or phone within 30 days of receipt of merchandise to arrange for a prompt replacement. Only returns in good condition, with the original packaging materials will be accepted. NAME. PLACE ADDRESS. cry. STAMP STATE ZIP ERE THE CATALOG" 524 Second Street San Francisco, CA 94107 READER FORUM MORE SOFTSTRIPS Last week I purchased my first issue of IT Computing, and I am both very impressed and delighted with your magazine. Please keep in mind those of us who look for interesting program listings in magazines. Second, I accepted your invitation with regard to the Cauzin Softstrip Reader. I found a local software dealer who was kind enough to demonstrate the reader. It was impressive to watch Philip Chien’s Shuttle Tracker read, loaded, and running in a matter of seconds. I bought one! Now, don’t let me down, and continue to present Softstrips in your magazine. Ted Garcia Corpus Christi, TX NOT THE USUAL Tam not usually in the habit of writ- ing praise about a magazine, but JT Computing is not the usual magazine. Having been with you from the first issue and being a charter subscriber, I have been totally satisfied with the content of your offering. “Font Edi- tor” and the hi-res “Typer” programs in the June/July issue were really interesting and exceptional. Please continue these useful utili- ties, the great reviews, and all the excellent programs and articles that have been presented to date. I am sup- porting you and am looking forward to the time when IT Computing will be a monthly magazine. Louis Lencioni Cupertina, CA TYPO II WINS While checking through the computer magazines at a local bookstore I dis- covered IT Computing. The thing that decided me to sub- scribe was your program section, which included Typo I, a program that didn’t cost anything except a lit- tle time. I was also impressed to see you use the Cauzin strip reader in one of your programs. I do not yet have one, but hope to in the near future, and I will only subscribe to or renew those magazines that use the Cauzin strip. James A. DeWalt Louisville, OH GOOD WORK As a new owner of an Apple Ile I have enjoyed your magazine. It has given me the opportunity to learn some BASIC programming and explore some of the functions not mentioned in the owner’s manual. Please keep up the good work in both type-in pro- INSTANT CORRECTION When we wrote Apple II Instant Pascal, our goal was to provide a com- fortable environment for learning Pas- cal as an introduction to program- ming. We are glad that you think we succeeded. Thank you for the favor- able review. (April/May 1986 issue). However, we would like to point out that Instant Pascal was conceived and developed by THINK ‘Technologies, Inc. and is licensed for distribution to Apple Computer, Inc. While Robert Moll and Rachael Folsom deserve much credit for their excellent text- book, the product belongs to THINK ‘Technologies, Inc., exclusively. Robert W. Herold Robert W. Swerdlow THINK ‘Technologies, Inc. continued on next page grams and interesting articles for the Tle. Ronald N. Lott Washington Court House, OH Apple Programmers and Developers Association If you’re a programmer, there's something else that’s new from Apple. It’s called APDA: the Apple Programmers and Developers Association, a joint project of Apple Computer and the A.P.P.L.E. Co-op of Renton, Washing- ton. According to Dick Hubert of the A.P.P.L.E. Co-op, APDA will provide timely, highly technical information for all new and existing Apple products— “It’s a one-stop shopping center for beta release versions of Apple and third party technical publications.” APDAs not for beginners. For annual dues of $20, each APDA member receives a quarterly newsletter listing products available. Those products include early versions of technical publications from Apple and other companies that create Apple-compatible products. For the first time, you don’t have to be a Registered Apple Developer to get advance technical information on new Apple products. If you join APDA before the end of 1986, you'll receive a free copy of either Programming the 65816 by David Eyes and Ron Lichty or 68000 Macintosh Pro- gramming by Scott Kanaster. If you're interested in becoming a member of APDA, ask for an applica- tion from: Apple Programmers and Developers Association A.P.P.L.E. Co-op 290 SW 43rd Street Renton, WA 98055 CIRCLE 253 ON READER SERVICE CARD OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 1986 R ER FORUM WHAT IT TAKES I must give my congratulations to you. At first I thought your magazine was just okay. I even thought you might not survive this far. But you've got me as an avid reader. You proved to me you have what it takes with your Graphics issue (Vol. 1, no. 5). Keep up the good work! Mike Javorka Bethlehem, PA Newton’s Apple Freeware This month, there's something new for you on II Computing’s Action Disk—courtesy of Newton’ Apple. Newton’ Apple is the popular PBS science show hosted by Ira Flatow. Each week it explores topics like flight training, caves, blood pressure, base- ball bats, archaeology, frozen foods, and what happens when you break a concrete block on the stomach of a man whos lying on a bed of nails. “The premise of the show is to get people asking questions — all kinds of questions — and then try to find out the answers,” says James Steinbach, executive producer of the show. “The reason for the computer programs is that we want to use every way possible to get people asking questions. What better way than with computer pro- grams?” Though Newton’: Apple isn't named for Apple Computer, Apple has loaned the show five computers — they’re used to keep track of questions from viewers, which come in by the thousands. This season, for the first time, Newton's Apple is also creating free software for Apple II computers—and you can get it in IT Computing’s Action Disk edition! Each BASIC program is connected to a segment of the TV show— for example, the program on this month’s Action Disk is about probability, one of the first topics covered on Nawton’s Apple this season. If you don’t have the Action Disk edition of IZ Computing but you have amodem, you can also get the Newton's Apple freeware from the Apple forums on CompuServe and the Source, as well as from many local computerized bulletin boards. Teachers in many areas can get copies through their local school boards. Teachers can also get teacher’s guides, posters and student handouts for use with the show by writing to TelEd, Inc., 7449 Melrose Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90046, or calling (213) 655-8970. The teaching materials, like the free- ware, are funded by the Du Pont Company, which has been supporting New- tons Apple for the last three years. We hope you'll enjoy the freeware on this month's Action Disk as the new season of Newtons Apple. Check your local television i to find out when the show is on in your area. And if something you on Nawton’s Apple gives you an idea for an Apple IT program, send it to us—we'd like to see it in IZ Computing!// well THE ISTICS SERIES Statistics Made Simple Run Analysis Immediately With The Statistics Series STATS PLUS Complete General Statistics Package Research Data Base Management Parametrics and Nonparametrics Correlation, Regression REGRESS II Complete Multiple Regression Package Stepwise, Simultaneous Solutions Power Polynomial Solutions ANOVA II Complete Analysis of Variance Package Analysis of Covariance, Randomized Designs Apple Il 48K, 1 or 2 Disk Drives, DOS 3.3, ROM Applesoft $200 $150 $150 8 Il COMPUTING, FOR APPLE II USERS a2) HUMAN SYSTEMS DYNAMICS To Order—Call (800) 451-3030 (818) 993-8536 in CA or Write HUMAN SYSTEMS DYNAMICS 9010 Reseda Blvd. Suite 222 Northridge, CA 91324 ‘CIRCLE 060 ON READERS SERVICE CARD. Get TransWarp™ The fastest accelerator you can buy for your Apple” Ie, I, or II +. Computing at warp speed! Its an experience you shouldn't miss. And with TransWarp, you won't have to. Because TransWarp will run your software up to 3.6 times faster — leaving other accelerators in the stardust! No more yawning while your Apple™ slowly rearranges text or calculates spreads! ets. With 256K of ultra-fast RAM, TransWarp speeds 5 all Apple software — including AppleWorks, Supercalc and all educational software, graphics and games. And atible with all standard peripheral cards (Such as Rar rks I and Apple memory cards), Profile and Sider hard disks, 3%" UniDisks, 80-column cards, modems, clock cards, mouses and more! You name it, TransWarp accelerates it. There’ even a 16 bit upgrade chip available should 16 bit software becom: able for the / “I recommend Applied Engineering products wholeheartedly.” Steve Wozniak, the creator of Apple Computer An important difference. ‘TransWarp’ not the only speedup card on the market. But its the only one that accelerates your Apple’ main memory, ROM and auxiliary memory, And with more and more programs residing in auxiliary memory, buying anyone else’ accelera makes less and less sense. TransWarp even works with most DMA. devices including the Swyft™ card. There’ one more difference. Since TransWarp doesn’t use mem- ory caching, it accelerates all software — and not just most of it A cinch to use. Simply plug TransWarp into any slot in your Apple Il, I+ or Ie — including slot 3 in the He. Instantly you'll be computing at speeds you only dreamed about before. And should you ever wish to run at normal speed, simply press the ESC key while turning your Apple on, insWarp is complete boot disks or special software. It the package! Speed = Productivity Imagine the productivity gains you'll achieve when your pro- grams are running over three times faster. TransWarp is so power: ul, your Apple will make IBM PCs™ and even ATS™ look like slowpokes — whether you're planning plotting charts or playing games! Tak jew of the features that set ‘TransWarp apart: * 3.6 MHZ 65C02 + Totally transparent operation 256K of ultra-fast on-board with all software AM + Plugs into any slot, including elerates main and auxiliary _slot3 on the Apple Ie memory * Accelerated 16 bit option + Low power consumption for ailable cool operation u nsparent, you won't need pre fady to go right out of Satisfaction guaranteed! Give your Apple the TransWarp advantage. With our risk-free 15- day money you have nothing to lose but wasted time. Call today C $279 add later) $89 16 bit upgrade (1 For fast response: Cail Applied Engineering, 9 am. to 1 pm,, 7 days at (214) -6060 erCard, VISA and C.OD. welcome. Texas residents add 5% sales tax, Add $10.00 if outside U.S.A. Or mail check or money order to Applied Engineering, P O. Box 798, Carrollton, TX 75006. Applied Engineering The Apple enbancement experts. P.O. Box 798, Carrollton, TX 75006 (214) 241-6060 ‘SOFTWARE ON MONITOR 1S PAINTWORKS PLUS THE Ics Apple’s New ‘‘Super’’ II by CHARLES RUBIN PHOTOGRAPHY by MICHAEL JAY 0 1 COMPUTING, FOR APPLE II USERS Ano THE SOUND— WITH 15 VOICES, DIGITALLY SAMPLED AND RUNNING INDEPENDENT OF THE CPU—Is THE BEST ANYWHERE. erided for years now as ‘The Computer That ‘Technology Forgot, the Apple II has been re- born as the IIGS—a sleek, fast, power- ful and extremely likeable new machine that runs most existing Apple II soft- ware and provides an impressive upgrade path into today’s and tomor- row’s technologies. The IIGS combines the easy setup of the IIc, the expanda- bility of the Ie, and the friendliness of the Mac on one hardware platform that offers a new level of Apple II per- formance. Apple IT owners who have gritted their teeth as other computers have offered more power can once again hold their heads high. The IIGS comes with 256K of RAM, 4,096 colors with up to 640-by- 200 resolution, a 15-voice sound gener- ator, a 16-bit processor, 128K of ROM that contains many of the Macs graphic routines and helps produce a Mac-like interface, a state-of-the-art keyboard, and a family of sleek new peripherals that are designed to be interchangeable throughout the Apple product line. With the IIGs, Apple is meeting the challenges of Atari, Com- modore, IBM and Tandy, and is OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 1986 offering a persuasive reason for mil- lions of loyal Apple II owners to stay with Big Red, rather than defecting to an enemy’s camp. UPWARD MOBILITY FOR THE APPLE II The most important feature of the TGS as far as the Apple IT line goes is that it provides a gateway to a whole new level of performance. Apple Ie and IIc owners have been able to make small steps forward with add-in RAM, software patches, and other temporary expedients, but the IIGs represents a whole new class of power—a 16-bit CPU, better graphics, better sound, and better access to peripherals. Apple had several goals in creating the IIGs, based on input from user groups, dealers, schools, and other cus- tomers, and it has addressed all of them. The primary goal was compati- bility with existing Apple IT software. According to Curtis Sasaki, the IIGS product manager, designing compati- bility into the new machine involved creating an “Apple IT on a chip?’ and was one of the most difficult design problems of the project. As it turns out, the IIGs runs every program that has followed Apple's software development guidelines. A second goal was speed. The IIGS can run in standard Apple mode, or, through a menu selection on its oper- ating system control panel, it can run at 2.8 times standard Apple II speed. This speed was, according to Apple, the fastest Apple felt safe with while still being able to guarantee almost universal software compatibility. (Third-party accelerator cards offer 3.6 times the normal Apple operating speed, but must be disabled to run many programs.) RAM access, a major stumbling block for Apple owners for many years, has been overcome with the 65816 24- bit address bus, which allows direct access to 16 megabytes of RAM. Apple is offering memory expansion boards that allow you to install up to 8 mega- bytes of RAM in the IIGs’s internal memory expansion slot. Finally, users asked for better sound and graphics. They certainly got that: The IIGs graphics offer colors and resolution on a par with the best per- sonal computers available today. And the sound—with 15 voices, digitally continued on next page V Ao GOAL WAS COMPATI- BILITY WITH EXIST- ING ApPLe II sampled and running independent of the CPU—is the best anywhere. What all this means is that Apple II lovers can now upgrade their machine's performance without sacri- ficing the things they’ve always liked, namely the Apple II’s ease of use, ex- pandability, reliability and huge soft- ware base. In fact, if you own a IIe, Apple will sell you a new motherboard swap that makes your older machine a Ics. NEW HOPE FOR SMALL BUSINESS While small business owners prefer the simplicity of the Apple II series, they have been increasingly attracted by the more powerful, more businesslike soft- ware in the MS-DOS world. This atti- tude was helped along for the past cou- ple of years by Apple itself, which, under Steve Jobs particularly, tried to promote the Mac as the company’s sole business computer. This Mac-in-business, Apple I-at- home marketing approach led several one-time developers of business soft- ware for the II line to abandon the market completely. From accounting software companies like State of the Art 12 SOFTWARE. and Great Plains to database and spreadsheet companies like Stoneware, Software Arts, and even Microsoft, the word was out that business applications had no future on the Apple IT. The IIGs should change all that. Among over 125 developers now work- ing on software for the new machine, many are working on business appli- cations, according to Tom Virden, Apple's home business marketing manager. Some products are under development by vendors who don't cur- rently market Apple IT software, and applications run from accounting to general business productivity to desk- top publishing. The IIGsS becomes even more attractive as a platform for business applications because its Mac- like ROM routines make adapting Macintosh software relatively easy. A NEW APPLE IN THE FAMILY So how will Apple make room for the IGS in its product line? Does this spell the end for the 8-bit Apple? The actual pricing on the IIGS was still secret at press time, but the new machine i expected to sell at about the same pric as a “similarly-equipped Ile;’ which means somewhere around $1395. (See page 24 for price information.) With a $1395 IIGs, the prices of the Tle and IIc will probably drop by a cou- ple hundred dollars. First-time users who want a cheap way into the Apple world should be able to pick up a IIc for under $500 on the street, and the $1395 price will be slightly below that of the low-end 512K Macintosh. Buyers should instantly recognize the price/performance difference between the old and new Apple IIs, but Apple may have a temporary problem eliminating confusion about whether new buyers should opt for a low-end Mac or a IIGS. With its new graphic interface, the IIGs looks a lot like an expandable color Mac with a 12” monitor, and sales of 512K Macs may take a dive among small-business and professional users until the new Open Mac is released next year. Despite the IGs’s new power, though, Apple still doesn’t expect it to cannibalize the market for serious (read: corporate) business users. Rather, Apple expects the machine to go to small business owners who want to upgrade from their current Apple II technology, to the more well-heeled I COMPUTING, FOR APPLE Il USERS home buyers who want the finest in graphics and sound for the kids, and to schools who want (and can afford) to take advantage of the new hardware for extra educational purposes, such as natural-sounding speech synthesis integrated into software that teaches reading. BAD NEWS FOR THE COMPETITION As far as its competition goes, the IGS will spell trouble for some, and prob- ably won't affect others very much at all. The IIGs is an excellent counter- punch against Tandy and IBM’s more aggressive pursuit of the educational market. Schools (particularly high schools) have been clamoring for more power, and now they can get it without initiating teachers and students in the mysteries of MS-DOS. On the other hand, individuals and small businesses who now buy IBM versus Apple tech- nology do so for reasons the IIGS isn't likely to alter—most of them want a particular software package or com- plete compatibility with other MS- DOS machines. In its traditional strongholds among small business owners and home users, however, the IIGS could ruin Commo- dore and Atari’s hopes of eroding Apple’s market share. While both the ‘Amiga and Atari ST are probably tech- nologically superior, they don’t have much of a visible edge perform- ance-wise, and the average buyer is unlikely to realize the difference. What buyers will see is this: The IIGS comes from a rock-solid company, with thou- sands of existing software programs and newfound developer interest, while the Amiga and ST have comparatively little software, and come from com- panies whose makers have had their share of financial problems. NEW LIFE FOR THE OLD APPLE II By providing compatibility with most existing Apple II programs, Apple holds out a profound incentive for cur- rent Apple lovers to stick with a favorite. If current u: don’t opt for a whole new machine, the logic board OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 1986 swap should be cheap enough ($500- $700) to be worthwhile. Since the new logic board has built-in interfaces for the new disk drives and keyboard, older Apples can even get the new, detacha- ble keyboard. The decision to upgrade will, of course, be based on individual needs. Small business owners who want to take advantage of newer, more power- ful software written for the IIGs will want to upgrade, and hobbyists who want access to the new machine's incredible sound and graphics will definitely line up for the new logic board. Schools with low-end applica- tions (and low budgets) and individuals who don’t need more power may well decide to stick with what they have. Apple doesn’t have any plans to phase out the IIc and Ile, so those who stay in the 8-bit world won't be left out in the cold. ‘The First Annual THE WINNING "it PROGRAMS EE Competition APPLE IT FOREVER In short, the Apple IIGS makes a lot of sense — from a business standpoint, from a user’s standpoint, and from a technical standpoint. It won't be the cheapest computer on the block, but it won't require a second mortgage to own one, either. And once again, after languishing in a former technological generation, the Apple II is back as the friendliest, most technically capable computer in its class. When the Apple IIc was introduced, Apple held a media event to proclaim that the Apple II had an open-ended future. The IIGS makes that future undeniable.// Charles Rubin’ latest book, Command Per- formance: AppleWorks, was published in March by Microsoft Press. He is also the author of the best-selling AppleWorks and The Endless Apple, and writes about technol- ogy for a variety of publications. The Winning Programs re- counts the excitement of the Apple Computer Clubs’ Com- petition '84 in which hundreds of teens gained national recognition. $10.95 Activit subjects. Claire Christian 217 Jackson Street, Box 948 Lowell, MA 01853 For more information, call 1-800-343-1425. Please enclose a copy of this offer with your order and add $2.00 per book for shipping and handling. Thank you. Apple Computer Clubs International The A re Computer Clubs’ Apple Computer Clubs »s Handbook resource book filled with activ- issues which all parents will ities on word processing, computer graphics, LOGO, and other stimulating Parent's Guide addresses face as they start down the road toward computer literacy. $14.95 Apple® Computer Clubs International ‘GIRCLE O11 ON READERS SERVICE CARD Apple analog RGB monitor (software pidured is Broderbund’s Print Shop) _ THE COMPUTER EVOLUTION by FRANK HAYES and MICHAEL BIANCALANA PHOTOGRAPHY by MICHAEL JAY hat’s platinum, dis- plays 4,000 colors, addresses megabytes of memory, and has the largest existing software base of any personal computer? Hint: It’s not a Cray in Apple IT emulation mode. It’s the new Apple IIGS from Apple Computer, Inc. This new member of the Apple IT family is compatible with virtually all existing Apple II software. But it also has a faster 16-bit processor and more memory, better graphics and sound, Mac-like software tools and an in- stantly-available control panel. I COMPUTING, FOR APPLE II USERS THE COMPUTER The Apple IIGS system comes in three pieces: a computer, an 80-key detached keyboard and a mouse. Youll also need a monitor and disk drives to use the computer. The computer itself is housed in a high-impact plastic case with IIc-style grooves and a silver-white color Apple calls “platinum.” Created by Frog Design, the people who designed the case for the IIc, the IIGS case contains no screws; you can take it apart and put it back together without using any tools at all. Inside the case are the main circuit board containing the 65816 micro- processor, a set of custom integrated circuits, 256K RAM and 128K ROM, seven peripheral expansion slots and a special memory expansion slot. (See page 20 for a close look at the IIGS interior.) The IIGS keyboard is something new in an Apple II: it’s detached, and plugs into the back of the IIGS case, in the connector labeled “Apple Desk- top Bus” The 10-key numeric pad will be a welcome addition for business users. The ITGs has IIc-style key caps and half-stroke touch instead of the full- stroke Ile-style keyboard that many people prefer. For the first time, though, Apple IT users may have real options in choos- ing a keyboard. Companies outside Apple will almost certainly offer a wide variety of keyboards and other input devices for the IIGs. OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 1986 The Apple Desktop Bus lets you connect up to 16 input devices at once to the IIGS in a “daisy chain’ for example, the IIGS's one-button mouse plugs right into the keyboard. You could also connect a graphics tablet, light pen, or even another keyboard into the chain; the Desktop Bus will keep track of up to 16 different devices. Imagine a game in which each player has a keyboard —or a classroom with 16 keyboards on a single Apple! MONITORS You can use the Apple IIGS with a monitor or with an RF modulator and your T'V set for display. There are two different video jacks on the back of the TIGs: one is a standard RCA monitor jack, and the other is Apple's video port. The RCA monitor jack is for use with a monochrome monitor, a com- posite color monitor, or an RF modu- lator with a TV set. Any monitor that plugs into the monitor jack on earlier Apple Is will work with the IIGs. But with the higher resolution of the new TIGS graphics modes (up to 640 by 200 pixels), composite color monitors may not give a clear picture; the bandwidth isn't high enough. The Apple video port is designed for Apple's new high- bandwidth RGB monitor, which will give a sharp display of the 4,096 colors available in 640-by-200 mode. DISK DRIVES Like the Apple IIc, the IIGs has no cassette port for program. storage. Unlike the IIc, the IIGS has no built- in disk drive. There are several different ways to connect disk drives to the IGS. You can connect your Apple II-compatible 5%-inch floppy disk drives and Uni- Disk 3.5 drives in the same way you would with a IIc; just attach them in a line to the back of your IIGs. If you have a DuoDisk system for your Ile, you can use it with the IIGS by plug- ging your disk controller card into slot 6 inside the machine. Hard disks can connect through a plug-in interface card in one of the internal slots Though the Apple IIGS doesn’t have a disk drive included, it does come with system software. It’s supplied on 3.5-inch disks, and Apple is encourag- ing new users to use a UniDisk 3.5 with their systems. Of course, you can use 5¥%-inch drives with the IIGs. But the 800K drives have room for the larger programs that will use the full IIGs memory, as well as storage space for graphics in the new super hi-res modes. In fact, virtually all new software for the IIGs will be available on 3.5-inch disks— much of it available only in that format. (For more information on Apple’s new peripherals that are compatible with the IIGS, see page 24.) MAKING THE CONNECTION The back of the Apple IIGS resembles a collision between a Ile and a IIc. Like the IIc, there are built-in connectors; like the Ile, there are plastic knockouts for mounting connectors from inter- nal cards. There are eight built-in connectors (not including the power cord). There’s a disk drive port, which is configured as slots 5 and 6—slot 5 for UniDisk 3.5 drives, slot 6 for floppy disks. There's an analog RGB video connec- tor, and a regular NTSC composite Apple's new 5%-inch, 3.5-inch and hard disk drives continued on next page 15 video connector. There’s the Apple Desktop Bus connector for a keyboard, mouse and other input devices. There’s a joystick port, and a sound jack for connecting headphones — the volume is under software control. ‘The two serial ports are designed for a printer and a modem; they represent slots 1 and 2. Either port can be configured to run a printer or modem; firmware lets the IIGS emulate the Super Serial Card and support a 64K printer buffer. Each serial port can also be connected to Appletalk, Apple's shared resource network; with special software, you can use the ports for other high-speed protocols, including MIDI (the Musical Instrument Digital Inter- face protocol). Inside the case you'll find the seven slots familiar to Ile users. But many TIGS users will never need to fill those slots. An 80-column card is built into the IIGS, as is a clock—along with the built-in interfaces for a serial printer, modem, mouse and disks. In fact, a IIGS with no slots filled is more fully loaded than many a Ile. The slots are mainly designed to let you build a “non-standard” Apple — with a parallel printer, for example, or a hard disk or video digitizer. The Apple II has traditionally been one of the most flexible computers available, and the IIGs continues that tradition. THE CONTROL PANEL Although there are both built-in inter- 2 ‘0 most Apple II soft- ware, there are still just seven slots in the IIGs. To choose between the in interface and the peripheral card you install, you can use a special ROM- based software accessory called the Control Panel. By pressing CONTROL-OP- TION-RESET at almost any time, you can use the Control Panel to se the interface in each slot—even youre running another program. A few clicks of the mouse will electron- ically swap circuit boards and reconfigure your IIGS without ever opening the case. You can also set the clock and the sound volume, select 40 or 80 columns, color or monochrome screen, and fore- ground and background colors; if you uilt- Seen from the back, the IIs has connectors for headphones, modem, printer, joystick, disk drives, RGB and composite color monitors, and the Apple Desktop Bus. There are also openings for connectors from internally mounted peripheral cards. df TA . CUB? CUS CED © © I COMPUTING, FOR APPLE II USERS How much faster is the Apple IIGS? That depends, of course, on the application. Some programs written specifically for the IIGS will take advantage of the powerful new 65816 instruction set to increase speed. Heavy use of high-res graphics slows things down, since hi-res uses slow graphics memory. Accessing a disk will take just about as long as ever. But to get some idea of how the IIGs generally compares for speed with the Apple Ile, we ran an Applesoft BASIC version of a classic benchmark: Eratosthenes’ Sieve. You'll find a listing for SIEVE in the Software Library on page 42, as well as on the Action Disk. This special version of the sieve test uses hi-res screen memory to find all the prime numbers between 3 and 16,385. As a result, it tests speed for both regular and graphics memory to compare overall system performance. An ordinary Apple Ie took 42 minutes 23 seconds to run SIEVE. An Apple Ile with Applied Engineering’s Transwarp speed-up card installed ran the same test in just 12 minutes 47 seconds — more than three times as fast. The Apple IIGS ran SIEVE in 15 minutes 42 seconds. That means an Apple Ie with a speed-up card is still 20 percent faster than a IGS! If you’re just looking for raw speed to run existing Apple II programs, the IIGS isn’t the fastest Apple II you can use. But with its 65816 microprocessor and new ROM routines, the IIGS may run new software specifically designed for it much faster than equivalent software for the Ie, even with a speed-up card installed. And remember, the IIGS has special features — including expanded graphics capabilities — that aren't avail- able on earlier Apple IIs at any price. want black print on a white screen, it’s easy to create using the Control Panel. You can choose slow (1Mhz) or fast (2.8Mhz) processor speed, install a RAMaisk, and change parameters for the keyboard, mouse and cursor. ‘The system parameters are stored in a 256-byte section of RAM powered by a battery, so your Control Panel set- tings are preserved when you turn off the computer. ProDOS The IIGs will run DOS 3.3 and Apple’s Pascal operating system, but it’s really designed to use ProDOS — and with good reason. Version 1.2 of ProDOS will let you use the Control Panel and connect your IIGS to an AppleTalk network. But there's more to it than that. There are actually two different ver- sions of ProDOS for the Ics: ProDOS/8 and ProDOS/16. ProDOS/8 is the ProDOS you already know. The current version of ProDOS, version 1.1.1, runs fine on the IIGs, OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 1986 and youll be able to use ProDOS/8 on any Apple IT. ProDOS/I6 is especially designed for the IGS. For the programmer, it offers file handling and memory manage- ment capabilities far beyond what Apple’s operating systems could do before, taking advantage of the power of the 65816 processor. For the user, it means faster disk operations —less time spent waiting for programs and data to load. Unfortunately, ProDOS/16 isn’t ready yet. Faced with a choice between introducing the IIGS with no new operating system (and thus no software taking advantage of the new features), or delaying the new machine, Apple chose a third route: a limited version of ProDOS/16. ProDOS/16 version 1.0 uses the new features of the IIGs— but it can’t use them to their fullest, or at top speed. If all goes well, ProDOS/16 version 2.0—the real ProDOS/16 —will be available early in 1987. GRAPHICS When it first appeared, the Apple II was unusual for its color graphics capa- bilities. A decade later, that’s true again. The Apple IIGs has all the graphics capabilities of an enhanced Apple Ile—including 80-column text and double hi-res graphics with a resolu- continued on next page Activision's Writer’s Choice elite on the IIGs tion of 560 by 192 pixels. There’s also a pair of new super hi-res graphics modes: 320 by 200 and 640 by 200. ‘These modes use their own 32K block of memory, with contiguous address- ing and no page flipping. All screen animation must be done by very quickly redrawing the screen, but the 65816 processor is fast enough to make this possible. Tn 640-by-200 mode each dot can be one of 4 colors, and in 320-by-200 mode each dot can be one of 16 colors. Unlike earlier Apple Is, you can select which 4 or 16 colors the dots will be, and there are 4,096 different colors available to choose from. With the new TIGS super hi-res graphics, the Apple II family can march up to the front of the computer graphics line once again. APPLETALK When AppleTalk was first introduced on the Macintosh, it was little more than a long cable to connect the Mac to a LaserWriter. But Applélalk has grown — it’s now one of the most widely used local-area network systems. With the IIGs, the Apple IT family can now join the network. A local-area network lets different computers exchange information, send messages and use common peri- pherals—for example, a LaserWriter printer—that may be too expensive to provide for each computer. While shar- ing information may not be critical for home users, it’s becoming increasingly important for business users, who often need to exchange information within an office. AppleTalk may also become impor- 18 “a Te IIcs Is A HIGH END APPLE II. IT DOESN'T REPLACE ANYTHING—IT AUGMENTS THE APPLE II FAMILY.” —RAnpy BATTAT, Tics HARDWARE Propuct MANAGER tant for schools, which are a prime market for Apple II computers. Let- ting teachers connect up to every com- puter in a classroom could be a big advantage in keeping track of how stu- dents are doing. WHAT’S COME FROM THE MAC? Inside and out, many Apple IIGS pro- grams will closely resemble programs for the Macintosh. Apple has encouraged software developers to create programs that fol- low Apple’s Human _ Interface Guidelines—with the mouse-and-icon features that give the Macintosh its dis- tinctive look. And the Apple designers who created the [IGS software inter- face worked hard to copy the style of the Mac, both at the programmer's and user’s level. As a result, the IIGS will have an extraordinarily wide range of software available. Not only will it run all exist- ing Apple II software, but Macintosh software designers can translate their programs to work on the IIGS, so soft- ware that uses the advanced capabili- ties of the IIGS can become quickly available. Like the Mac, the IIGS comes with a mouse, and the icon-oriented “desk- top” is the item most clearly borrowed. from the Macintosh. The similarities are obvious when you compare the desktop screens of the Mac and the TIGS: the windows, menu bar, mouse pointer and other standard features Microsoft Word on the Macintosh make it hard to tell, at first glance, which screen belongs to which computer. There are differences, of course: the Macintosh has 37 percent more pixels than the IIGS (512 x 342 versus 640 x 200). The IIGs has color, and can use larger monitors than the Mac's 9-inch screen. But the power of mouse-and- icon software can now be harnessed on the Apple II for the kind of desktop publishing programs that until now have been the province of the Mac. UPPER-LEVEL MANAGEMENT Most users will never see the other things the ITGs has borrowed from the Mac. They're inside: the software tools that make it easy for programmers to use the mouse, windows, icons and menus. The list reads like some strange cor- porate structure: Sound Manager, Control Manager, Window Manager, Menu Manager, Memory Manager, Event Manager, Desk Manager. Many of these tools are in the IIGS 128K ROM; others will load into RAM with ProDOS/16. Among the new features: The Tol Locator serves as a central dispatcher for calls to all ROM- and RAM-based tools. The Memory Manager keeps track of free memory, and insures the IIGs’s compatibility with older Is by protecting soft switches and other special memory locations. The Sound Manager contains a num- ber of simple instrument-building and note-generating routines for the Ensoniq sound chip. And QuickDraw continued on page 22 I COMPUTING, FOR APPLE I! USERS “Captain's Log, October 4, 1944. 0250 Hours. Fleet submarine USS Hammerhead proceeding Southwest at cruising speed. Our mission: intercept enemy convoy off the coast of Bomeo. Disperse and destroy.” 7 “0300 Hours. Two hours until dawn. Radar picks up convoy, escorted by two destroyers. We believe that one of the enemy's valuable cargo ships is part of convoy formation.” » Captain’s Log... War Date “0400 Hours. Lookouts on the bridge. Target identification party reports one cargo ship, 4,000 tons, troopship of 10,250 tons, with two Kaibokan-ype escorts. Moving into attack position.” : — 10.01.44 Tandy 1000/18M PC Jc screens shown “0500 Hours. Sound General Quarters! Battle stations manned. Preparing for torpedo tun. Gauge Panel OK. Periscope OK. Charts ‘and Attack Plot Board OK. All mechanical systems OK." act tener } edb srceo: 0 serru: 7 wenomecr 270 “0525 Hours. Torpedo rooms report full tubes forward and oft. Battery at full charge for silent running. We hope water temperature will provide thermal barrier to confuse aS “0745 Hours. Torpedo tubes 1, 2, 3 fired. Two destroyers hit and sinking. One of the ‘enemy's last cargo ships coming info'scope view —an ideal target position. On my mark. .. Fire Tube 4! Fire 5!" “0600 Hours. We are at final attack position. ‘Convoy moving at 10 knots. Target distance decreasing rapidly... . Crash Dive! Escorts have spotted us and are tuming to attack! Rig to runsilent.” Se “Superb” raves Scott May in On Line, “strategic intensity and heart- pounding action have rarely been merged this suc- cessfully.” Analog calls it flatly “the best submarine simulation so far.” Compute com- ments “Silent Service's detail is astonishing.” Join the more than 450,000 computer skippers who have volunteered for Silent Service, the naval action/tactics simulation —from MicroProse. CIRCLE 065 ON READERS SERVICE CARD “0700 Hours. Depth charged for one hour. Some minor damage, but repair parties at work. Destroyer propeller noises receding We'll come to periscope depth for our return punch.” Silent Service is available for Commodore 64°428™, ‘Amiga™ Apple family, Atari XL/XE, Atari ST, 18M PC/PC.r, and Tandy 1000, ata suggested retail price of $34.95 (Atar STand Amiga, $39.95). ‘Commodore, Amiga, Apple, Atari BM, and Tandy ‘te registered trademarks of Commodore Elec- tronics, id., Commodore-Amiganc., Apple ‘Computer, inc, international Business Machines Corp., and Tandy Corp.. respectively. ‘Available trom yourlocal retailer. foutotstock, ‘contact MicroProse directly for further information ‘on ourfullrange of simulation sofware, and to place Mastercard)/Visa orders aa sara FF aSaee SIMULATION © SOFTWARE 120 Laketront Drive = Hunt Valley. MD 21080 » (@01) 687-1151 Expansion slots SlotMaker 128K fast RAM Keyboard GLU Memory These seven slots are The SlotMaker timing Runs at the full liGs_ = The Keyboard expansion slot compatible with the chip generates speed. General Logic Unit This dedicated mem- lle. control signals to interfaces the ory slot can be used make the IIcs slots keyboard and mouse to add up to 1 act exactly like slots to the system through megabyte of ROM on earlier Apple Ils. the Apple Desktop and 8 megabytes of Bus. RAM. Ensoniq sound chip 65816 microprocessor 128K ROM Ten times the amount ‘of ROM on the Ile, it contains BASIC along with the Control Panel and the software tools that make many of the new Ilcs features possible. 128K slow RAM Mimics the Apple II’s 1 MHz memory speed. Sound GLU The interface between the Ensoniq sound chip and the rest of the circuitry lets the Ensonig run independently of the CPU. IWM FPI VGC Mega II The ‘ ‘Integrated The Fast Processor The Video Graphics Woz Machine’’ Interface controls Controller supports handles disk system speed—it can alll Apple Il graphics operations for floppy slow the Ilcs down modes, including and 34-inch disks. to normal Apple Il super hi-res. It also speed for games or _ handles foreground, other time-critical background and bor- software. The FPI der colors on the also controls screen. input/output access and memory shadowing—the feature that lets the IlGs work just like an Apple lle or llc. 20 I COMPUTING, FOR APPLE I USERS INSIDE THE APPLE IIcGs SURFACE-MOUNT TECHNOLOGY Many of the IIGS chips are not just soldered to the surface of the main cir- cuit board—they’re a part of it. Surface-mount technology makes the IGS more reliable. If one of the key chips goes bad, though, repairing the main circuit board will be next to impossible. In that case, your dealer will have to replace the entire board. THE WDC 65816 MICROPROCESSOR The brain of the IIGS is the Western Design Center’s 65816 microprocessor. Designed as a next generation for the Apple II’s-6502 CPU, the 65816 can run all existing Apple II programs. With its 2.8 MHz clock speed, the 65816 runs nearly three times as fast as the 65C02 on a Ile, and uses a 24- bit address bus—that means it can handle up to 16 million bytes of memory, more than 200 times what a 6502 can use directly. The 65816 doesn’t have the reputa- tion for brute power that some micro- processors have; for example, it doesn’t have multiply and divide instructions, like the Macintosh’s 68000 CPU. However, the 65816 has a big advan- tage: it’s fast. Each 65816 instruction executes very quickly. As a result, a 65816 can perform some operations — such as moving things around on a computer’s screen — faster than other 16-bit chips. THE MEGA II When Steve Wozniak designed the Apple II, his goal was to create the most powerful, functional computer he could from the smallest number of inexpen- OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 1986 sive parts then available. Over the years, Apple engineers have taken parts of Wozniak’s original design and shrunk them down to fit on individual chips. One example is the [WM (“Inte- grated Woz Machine”) disk-controller chip, which combines nearly all the cir- cuitry of a Ile disk-controller card into a single chip on the IIc. But now Apple has performed what may be the ultimate shrinking of the original Apple II design. The new Mega II chip could be called “an Apple Ilona chip’; this single integrated cir- cuit contains most of the circuitry of a basic Apple II. The Mega II replaces the MMU, IOU, TMG, GLU, and video logic from the Ile and IIc with a one chip. It also handles game pad- dles and the mouse, provides compo- site and RGB video signals, and con- tains a character generator for eight languages. With just a Mega II, a CPU, some memory and a few other chips, you can build an Apple II. In fact, that’s what Apple will be doing soon: the next generation of the Apple IIe and IIc will use the Mega II, making them more reliable and less expensive. THE SCC SERIAL CONTROLLER The Zilog Z8530 Serial Communica- tions Controller is a powerful two- channel serial chip that can handle data at up to a million bits per second. Soft- ware in the IIGS ROM lets the SCC emulate Apple's Super Serial Card and support a 64K printer buffer. Because the SCC is also the serial chip used in the Macintosh, many Mac peripherals will be hardware- compatible with the IIGS. Of course, the IIGS can’t run Macintosh software; it will still require its own software to make the peripherals work. The SCC also lets the IIGs connect to Applélalk, Apple's high-speed shared resource network. Up to 32 AppléIalk devices—computers, disk drives, printers and modems — can all be con- nected together. In addition, the SCC. can handle the MIDI music protocol, and even the complicated protocols that are required to connect directly to mainframe computers. THE ENSONIQ SOUND CHIP A 15-voice sampling sound chip with 64K of dedicated RAM, the sound chip in the Apple IIGs was originally intended to be an optional extra. Made by Ensonigq, it’s the same chip that forms the heart of Ensoniq’s Mirage keyboard. It’s not a conventional synthesizer. Instead of creating sounds, it stores sound waveforms in memory and then plays them back like a tape recorder — as many as 15 different sounds at a time, reproduced perfectly. And, unlike the sound you get from a IIe or IIc, the IIGS sound is independent of the CPU. The Ensoniq chip can create music or sound effects without slow- ing down any other program that's running. There are software tools in the IIGS ROM for generating simple musical tones. An audio input/output connec- tor on the logic board makes it possi- ble to input sounds directly into your Ils. And the IIGs can store digitized sounds on a disk, then play them back later. Apple has licensed all of the wave- forms available for the chip from Ensoniq, and may offer them either to software publishers or users.// 21 THE COMPUTER EVOLUTION continued from page 18 II lets you put circles, squares, lines and color fills on the super hi-res screen—it’s critical for using win- dows with the Ics. The Event Manager allows pro- grams to monitor mouse and key- board action for use with windows and icons. The Desk Manager keeps desk accessories like clock, calcula- tor, notepad and address book avail- able within a few keystrokes inside any program. The Menu Manager aids in creation of menus and then moni- tors the users choice of items on the menu. The Window Manager does win- dows, keeps track of position and size of windows on the screen. The Control Manager displays, hides, and monitors on-screen controls like buttons, check boxes, and scroll bars. LineEdit is a mouse-based text edi- tor similar to Macintosh’s Text Edit. It features user-programmable function keys along with most standard text processing functions like vertical and horizontal scrolling, insert and delete, cut and paste, search and replace, and an undo function in case you make a With AppleTalk, the lIcs can send print information to the LaserWriter at 230,400 bits per second. mistake. Although these tools are designed for use by applications programmers, Applesoft BASIC programmers will be able to use some of them through ampersand-routine packages available from Apple. Does this make the IIGS the new king of the Apple hill? It’s hard to say—there are rumors that a color Macintosh is in the works, too. But for the moment at least, the spotlight is on the Apple IIGs. RECYCLING CENTER Which peripherals from your old Apple II system can you use with your new Apple IGS? What software will work on it? In short, what will still work with the new machine? Software first: According to both Apple and independent developers, virtually all Apple Ile software will run on the IIGS. For example, AppleWorks, MouseWrite, Word- Perfect, Pinpoint, and such games as Ogre and Auto Duel work with- out problems. The number-one goal of the IIGS designers was software compatibility with earlier Apple IIs, and they worked hard to meet that goal. The one type of Apple II program the IIGS generally won't run is telecommunications. The ACIA ser- ial chip that’s part of the IIc and the Super Serial Card has been replaced in the IIGS by the Zilog SCC. The SCC is a much more powerful con- troller than the ACIA, and it can han- dle high-speed serial protocols such as AppleTalk, MIDI (the Musical Instru- ment Digital Interface protocol) —even direct connections to mainframes. But because the SCC and ACIA chips are very different, Apple IT tele- continued on page 24 SPECIFICATIONS Microprocessor: Western Design '816 (includes superset of 6502 instructions) running at 1 MHz or 2.8 MHz clock speed; 16-bit registers; 8-bit data bus; 24-bit address bus allows address- Center able memory space of 16 Mbytes. ROM: 128K, user-expandable to 1 Mbyte RAM: 256K, user-expandable to 8 s Special support chips: Mega Il (Apple I MMU, IOU, char- acter generator, TMG timing generator, video logic, GLU WM disk controller Video graphics controller Fast processor interface Sound GLU Keyboard GLU Zilo controller 22 8530 serial communications SlotMaker expansion slot controller Operating systems: ProDOS/8, ProDOS/16, DOS 3.3, Pascal; others with coprocessors Clock: Built in, ProDOS compatible Expansion slots: 7 standard input/ output slots; 1 dedicated memory expan- sion slot Keyboard: Lightweight detached 80- fey keyed) ancuaing 10 key numeric keypad; connects through Apple Desktop Us Mouse: One-button, mechanical; con- ects through Apple Desktop Bus Graphics display: 40x24 text 80x24 text 40x48 graphics, 16 colors 80x48 graphics, 16 colors 140x192 graphics, 6 colors 280x192 graphics, monochrome 140x192 graphics, 16 colors 560x192 graphics, monochrome 320x200 graphics, 16 colors per line (4,096 colors total) 640x200 graphics, 4 colors per line (4,096 colors total) Sound: Ensoniq 15-voice samplin sound chip (32 oscillators, 64K dedicate RAM) operates independently of CPU Network capability: Applelalk Interfaces: NTSC composite color video output Analog RGB video output Mono audio output (8 ohm, volume under program control) Apple Desktop Bus input (keyboard, mouse, etc.) SmartPort disk interface (54-inch and 3%2-inch drives) Two serial ports (RS-232, AppleTalk) Gameljoystick port Audio input/output (on logic board) Il COMPUTING, FOR APPLE Il USERS Complete Apple® Compatible Word Processing System Word Processing Home °¢ Laser 128 Apple Compatible Computer Big Blue 8'2"' Letter Size 80 Column Printer 9'' Samsung Green Screen Monitor Magic Window Ile Word Processor Magicalc Spreadsheet Magic Memory Data Base Laser 128 Printer Interface 2 Rolls of Paper Comparable Apple System ($2495.00) Magic Window Ile Word processing is easy and more efficient because of a simple-to-read menu system and editing commands. Many powerful features of professional quality programs and more. Supports virtually all major _ printer functions. Operates with most 80-column video cards or 40/70 column no-hardware ‘Add $30.00 for shipping, handling, and insurance. Illinois residents please add pei ic RE 88 oo for CANADA PUERTO RCO AWA MUAGKA om APO FPO orders. All orders must be in U.S. Dollars. WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES EXCEPT CANADA. Enclose Cashier Check, Money Order or Personal Check. Allow 14 days for delivery. 2 to 7 days for phone orders, 1 day lexpress mail. Prices & Availability subject 10 change without notice VISA — MASTER CARD — C.O.D. en e C.O.D. on phone orders onl List Price $499.00 199.00 129.95 150.00 150.00 60.00 19.95 19.95 Magicalc Rated as the best electronic spreadsheet on the market for Apple®. The speed with which Magicalc solves number problems allows you to accurately analyze decisions beforehand. Supports multiple RAM cards of most manufacturers in any combinations up toa full 512K. 1227.85 ° 15 Day Free Trial ¢ 90 Day Warranty ns Over ‘700° All 8 Pieces only *499° Magic Memory File anything, any way you want to: names, addresses, important numbers, dates and notes. Your information is organized simply, easy to maintain, and available instantly. Supports all popular printers and video cards CIRCLE 082 ON READERS SERVICE CARD Apple. is a registered trademork of Apple Computer Inc. puter Direct We Love Our Customers 22292 N. Pepper Rd., Barrington, Illinois 60010 312/382-5050 to order Apple monochrome monitor (software pictured is AppleWorks) THE COMPUTER EVOLUTION continued from page 22 com programs that try to directly con- trol the serial chip won't work on the TIGS—and that includes most of them, including Apple's own Access II. For- tunately, updated versions or patches should soon be available to make these programs work on the IIGS. And remember, if you recycle the Super Serial Card from your Ile, your telecommunications software will be 100 percent compatible with it. As for hardware, you probably wor't need most Ie peripheral cards with the IGS. Since serial printer, communi- cations, disk and mouse interfaces are built in, along with 80-column capa- bility and a clock, many of the slots you had to fill on your Ile can now go empty. If you have a DuoDisk system for your IIe, you can use it with the IIGs by plugging your disk controller card into slot 6 inside the machine and selecting it from the Control Panel. A parallel printer interface card should work as it did with the Ile— again, just plug it in and select it from the Con- trol Panel. A Z-80 coprocessor card (for run- ning CP/M programs) will only work if it doesn’t do direct memory access (DMA). The same is true of coproces- sor cards with 68000, 8088 or other processors. Check the manual for your coprocessor card to find out if it does DMA. Speed-up cards won't work on the IIGs. A speed-up card has its own microprocessor onboard; in the IIGS, 24 it would be something like replacing the 65816 processor with an old 6502. Finally, there’s the ultimate in Ie hardware recycling: If you’ve got an Apple Ile and you'd like to reuse your keyboard and case, you can have your computer upgraded to a IIGs by an authorized Apple dealer. The dealer will take out your Ile’s main circuit board and replace it with a version of the IIGs board. That's less expensive than buying a complete IIGS, and the upgraded machine will work just like a regular IIGS, but with the familiar beige case and built-in keyboard. (Sorry, but there’s no similar upgrade for the Apple II, II+ or Ic.) WHAT'S NEW? To make full use of the new super hi- res graphics on the IIGS, you may want to invest in a new monitor. Apple's new 12-inch RGB monitor is designed to display the new graphics at their clearest. The new monitor is specifically designed to work with the TGs; it has a high-contrast black matrix, and gives a sharp display of the 4,096 colors available in 640 by 200 mode on the IIGs. It plugs directly into the back of the IIGs. Apple is also introducing a new 12- inch black-and-white monitor. The monochrome monitor has a high- contrast anti-glare screen, and a high bandwidth that’s perfect for displaying super hi-res graphics in monochrome. Like the new RGB monitor, the monochrome monitor is specifically designed to work with the IIGs, though it will also work with any other member of the Apple II family. Apple has a new 5%-inch floppy disk drive in the IIGS platinum color—you can plug it into the disk drive port on the back of the IIGs. The new floppy drive also works with the IIc. Apple also has a new UniDisk 3.5 drive that works with both the IIGs and the Macintosh (though not with the IIc or Ile). Again, it matches the TIGs platinum color, and plugs directly into the IIGs disk port. And Apple is introducing a 20- megabyte hard disk that connects to the IIGs through a standard interface ia ‘Timer ARE TWO AND A HALF MILLION APPLE IIs OUT THERE. WE WANTED TO MAKE SURE THERE WAS AN UPGRADE PATH FOR THEM.” —JOHN SCULLEY, PRESIDENT, Apple COMPUTER, INC. called SCSI (Small Computer Stan- dard Interface); once again, it just requires plugging a card into a slot An Apple IIGS Memory Expansion Card can increase the RAM in your TIGS to more than a megabyte —a big advantage for using large programs. And as larger RAM chips become available, you'll be able to put up to 8 megabytes of RAM in your IIGs, along with up to a megabyte of ROM. You may need a new telecommuni- cations program, but all other exist- ing DOS 3.3, ProDOS and Pascal pro- grams should work as they always did on your IIe or IIc. There's a new ver- sion of ProDOS that’s specifically designed to take advantage of the new power of the IIGS—ProDOS/16, ver- sion 2.0. Watch for it at the beginning of 1987. And of course there’s lots of new software on the way that’s specifically designed for the IIGS—as you'l see in the pages to come.// Frank Hayes is Assistant Editor of 1 Com- puting. Michael Biancalana is Programs Editor of 1 Computing. At press time, the price of the Apple IIGS without monitor or disk drives was set at approximately $1000. For complete price information and to see the IIGS in action, see your Apple dealer. You can get the loca- tion of the Apple dealer nearest you by calling 1-800-538-9696. I COMPUTING, FOR APPLE Il USERS Famous National Brand Commodore * Atari* Apple® IBM’ & age e We Like this Printer so much We Bought Out the Factory. % 4? 80 Column =. "printer Saie ° Word Processing ® Program Listings ® Graphics ¢ Quiet Operation ¢ Upper and Lower case ® All points addressable Graphics ¢ Underline ¢ Enhanced ® Much much More < Sy Super Print Quality This printer was made by Canon® for one of the largest computer manufacturers in the world. The Big Blue printer comes ready to hook up to the serial port of the IBM®PC jr. Plus with low cost adapter cables you can connect the Big Blue printer to the IBM®PC, IBM®XT, IBM®AT, IBM Compatibles , Apple®II,Ile, IIc, Apple Compatibles, Commodore® 64,128, Atari®, plus many more. ¢ 90 Day Immediate i (Also VIC 20) Replacement Warranty © 15 Day Free Trial-Satisfaction or Money Back Now you can have a full fledged 8'2”’ letter size 80 column printer for less than the cost of a large box of paper. This printer uses advanced thermal technology to print upper and lower case (with true lower descenders), underline, enhanced, all points addressable graphics (works with Print- shop) plus More. Print out pictures, program listings, wordprocessing pages, graphics and more. Perfect for the homeowner or student and definitely affordable. Fantastic Printer at an unbeatable| price. List $199.00 Sale $39.95 Paper (2 Rolls) List $19.95 Sale $9.95 Intelligent Commodore Interface— Allows you to Intelligent Atari Interface— Allows you to connect connect the Big Blue printer to the printer port of the the Big Blue printer to Atari computers (except 1200). Commodore 64 and 128 computer. Print Commodore Print Atari graphics, Printshop ,word processors, and graphics, use Printshop, Word processors and more... _ more... List $49.95 Sale $24.95 List $49.95 Sale $24.95 IBM®PC,AT,XT,PC Jr. Apple® RS-232 Adapter— Adapts the Big Blue printer to be used with any RS- 232 port. i nie ' - . le $12.9: List $19.95 Sale $9.95 Applell, ll plus, lic,lle, Atari 520 ST,Laser128, Amiga interface— List $24.95 Sale $12.95 18M, Apple, Conon, Commodore, Atari are trademarks of International Business Machines, Apple Computer, Canon Ine, Commodore Business Machines, Atari Inc. Respectively CORCLE 082 ON READERS SERVICE CARD Add $10.00 for shipping, handling, and insurance. Illinois residents please add 6% % sales tax. Add 20.00 for CANADA, PUERTO RICO, HAWAII, ALASKA, COMPUTER DIRECT APO-FPO orders. All orders must be in U.S. Dollars. WE DO NOT EXPORT TO JOTHER COUNTRIES EXCEPT CANADA. Enclose Cashier Check, Money Order or] We Love Our Customers Personal Check. Allow 14 days for delivery, 2 to 7 days for phone orders, 1 da A lexpress mail. Prices & Availability subject to change without notice. Y| 22292 N. Pepper Rd., Barrington, III. 60010 VISA — MASTER CARD — C.0.D. C.0.D. onphone ordersonly| 312/382-5050 to order 2 XK KK Ky CHIPWITS. ChipWits, the robot-programming simulation, has won awards for being the best Macintosh educational program! Apple Il users can now enjoy ChipWits as well-- and for 15% off the price when you mention this ad! With ChipWits, anyone above the age of 12 can program on-screen robots to adapt to different environments... each with a different challenge. The icon language used to program the robots is simple enough for a youngster but powerful enough to intrigue program- mers! It has loops, sub-routines, memory stacks and registers, conditional testing, branching, debugging devices and more. ChipWits ChipWits for 64K Apple II family regularly: $39.95 mention this ad: $31.95 Calabasas, CA 91302 (818) 884-6911 BRAINPOWER, INC. 24009 Ventura Boulevard, Box 250 CIRCLE 022 ON READERS SERVICE CARD greak<& aS rograms... ...mention this ad , ZF and get a great deal as well! Wy Think =—Fast Think Fast helps you improve your memory, and its challenge makes you want to use it again and again. ThinkFast presents a series of Left and Right Brain trials that increase in difficulty. Choose how fast and long you want your session to be... then concentrate. Alpha- numeric and picture block sets appear. Complete trials by determining if the sets are the same or different, copying them, or recreating them from memory. A complete session reporting system lets you watch your progress. Think “| ThinkFast Fast for 64K Apple II family = regularly: $39.95 Ewe Ent mention this ad: $31.95 Z/ Ilcs PRODUCTS Mice and Color Lead in Software evelopers are pleased; they like the IIGs: the classy color, the speed, the sound. However, just about everyone wishes Apple had equipped it with 512K. As I write this, all the software men- tioned here is under development. Therefore, while we saw several demos, this is not a product review. Look for- ward to comparative reviews in up- coming IT Computing issues. LETT PRIOR S551] PAINTWORKS PLUS (ACTIVISION) So far IIGS software ranges from folksy to sophisticated home software to business applications to education to desktop publishing. Some works are original, others already exist on other machines, and most software comes on 3%-inch disks. PAINT PROGRAMS Paint programs popped up first, with three coming out from Activision, Elec- tronic Arts and Polarware. PaintWorks Plus (Activision/Ver- sion Soft) is a joy to behold. The colors OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 1986 by ANITA MALNIG, Editor are simply stunning and you can ani- mate them as well. As marketing vice president, Bill Cleary said, “It’s like having Fantavision and a color Mac- Paint in one program.” DELUXE PAINT (ELECTRONIC ARTS) “ W E'RE COMMIT- TED TO DEVELOPING FOR THE Ics.” Binc Gorpon, ELECTRONIC ARTS Graphics Magician from Polar- ware/Penguin is a longstanding clas- sic in the Apple II world. Now it will be enhanced and enlarged and take advantage of the IIGs’s speed. Electronic Arts is bringing its Deluxe Paint for the Amiga to the TIGS, despite the fact that “the extra graphic chip on the Amiga gives [that] machine more graphics power” says Bing Gordon of EA. Deluxe Paint is gorgeous on the Amiga and we're look- ing forward to it on the IIGs. PAGE LAYOUT Many of us II users have been long- ing for desktop publishing. It’s here in several forms; how these forms chal- lenge the Mac no one knows yet. Quark, which brought us Catalyst, introduces integrated software for desk- top publishing. Integrate Microsoft Word, Page Maker and MacDraw and EXPLORE-A-STORY (LEARNINGWAYS) you've got, says Fred Ebrahimi, an idea of what's being offered. It’s possible to design large documents, and it has bet- ter line and border capability than Page Maker. It supports the LaserWriter. PageWorks from Megahaus is intended to let you integrate text and graphics on one page to produce high quality documents on Apple’s Image- Writer and LaserWriter. It’s stand- alone software compatible with Apple- Works, probably good news to many. While Megahaus has targeted Page- Works for the small business or school, continued on next page 27 Broderbund’s page layout pro- gram is designed expressly for the home user. “How wonderful the result, how minimal the effort,” is the phrase they've had in mind for it, says Alex Hoag. EDUCATION Explore-a-Story, developed by Learningways, Inc., is for grades K-4 with supplemental reading program storybooks and accom- panying software. The children mouse around with software that graphically contains many of the elements from the storybooks. Characters jump, wave, run and a Tvs GREAT THEY DIDN’T MAKE ORPHANS OF IIE SOFTWARE.” FRED EBRAHIMI, QUARK walk across the colorful IIGS screen. The company is also working on a non- fiction package with the Boston Science Museum. PBI’s Animation Reader for three- to-five-year-olds, uses liberal color and digitized voice. The voice you hear describes or explains the super hi-res picture you see on the screen. Polarware is bringing their inter- active fiction series to the IIGS with more color and sound effects. They’re also creating new interactive stories that will be educational, using geography and science, although as Mark Pelc- zarski says, “The kids may not know it while they’re playing the game” BUSINESS Chang Labs is already doing well with Rags to Riches on the Mac and they're looking forward to a healthy business for the IIGS. Right off the bat, Dash Chang, president of the company, advises users to get more memory. Ledger, payable and receivables are the three modules and they’re availa- ble in the “Retail 3-pack;’ “General 28 FANTAVISION (BRODERBUND) Business 3-Pack,” and “Professional 3-Pack.” With Visualizer from PBI you've got a business graphics package that uses AppleWorks spreadsheet data. It lets you graph information into more than seven types of hi-res color graphs. Tt even allows for an “exploding pie.” It prints out in color to the ImageWriter and is LaserWriter compatible. THE DRAWING TABLE (BRODERBUND) “ I LIKE THE IIGs ” A LOT. Atex Hoac, BRODERBUND MECA has made a name for itself with Andrew Tobias’ Managing Your Money, and that’s what's debuting on the IIGS. This version is identical to the IBM version 2 with graphics, speed and support for a hard disk. What would the IIGs be without a Lotus clone? That’s what we've got from VIP Technology — a com- bined spreadsheet, database and graphics program. It’s fast, says spokesman ‘Tom Nelson, uses color and has a mouse interface. (You can get it for the Ile.) WORD PROCESSING Activision is the first company with an original word processor. Called Writer’s Choice elite, this program is very Mac-like. You choose fonts and colors, and you can work with 16 windows open at once. It’s impressive. Writer's Choice and Paint- Works Plus are compatible. Roger Wagner Publishing is bring- ing MouseWrite to the IGS. It’s one of the few programs that won't need “ V V E LOVE THE ” MACHINE. Bit CLEARY, ACTIVISION 256K. The same program will run on the Ile; it will just use IGS capabilities when on the IIGs. On the IIGs, it will support print spooling, the large RAM and the UniDisk. A separate module will offer LaserWriter support. TELECOMMUNICATIONS Comworks I, PBI’s telecommunica- tions package on the market for the Ie, is compatible with the IIGs. When ProDOS/16 is complete, the company will come out with Comworks 16, which will be IIGS specific. This pro- gram will have a faster transfer rate and you can upload and download simul- taneously. ANIMATION Deluxe Video is part of the Amiga Deluxe series which Electronic Arts is bringing to the IIGS. It will allow for ease of transfer between the computer and VCRs. PaintWorks Plus from Activision includes animation ability. You can draw up to 20 frames changing each alittle bit, then let your animated pic- ture unfold. I COMPUTING, FOR APPLE Il USERS Broderbund will be bringing Fantavision to the IIGS with en- hanced graphics and sound effects. PRINTING Again from Electronic Arts comes Deluxe Print, already out for the Amiga. I hope its ease and sophis- tication will translate nicely. Broderbund’s famed Print Shop will be a treat on the IIGs. It offers eight solid colors, super hi-res graphics with multiple graphics on one card or sign. After many requests Print Shop will include a page preview. DRAFTING The lone one, so far, in this category is The Drawing Table from Broder- bund. Hoag says, “It’s like MacDraw with color’ I saw this impressive draft- ing tool which will drive the Laser- Writer, create polygons, arcs, round corners of rectangles, adjust border sizes, resize graphics and more. MUSIC Deluxe Music Construction Set, Electronic Art's Macintosh program, is coming to the IIGS. UTILITIES From Roger Wagner Publishing we'll see Merlin 16, a 65816 macro assem- bler for developing assembly language routines on the IIGS. The company is also releasing Carousel, a program like Mac's Switcher. Ported from the Mac- intosh by TML Systems is a Pascal compiler called TML Pascal. HARDWARE Orange Micro has several products to offer. ProGrappler is a parallel inter- face card for the IIGs that will allow snapshot capability as part of the IIGs’s desktop accessories. You'll be able to freeze a program in progress, print out what's on screen, then resume printing. RamPak 4 GS is their memory expansion card with 512K, expandable to four megabytes. Orange Micro is also offering System Sentinel which OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 1986 PAINTWORKS PLUS (ACTIVISION) is an overall maintenance system tell- ing you when to service the different parts of your machine. AST Research has four IIGs hard- ware products: SprintDisk, an I/O memory expansion board that expands to one megabyte. Already available for the Ie, it has RAMdisk and cache memory capacity. Cache memory may not be as fast as a RAMdisk, but, as AST’s Ashe Jain says, it’s “user trans- parent.” “ Aves HAS DONE A NICE JOB BUILDING A GOOD COMPUTER. IT KEEPS THE LINE AS ONE OF THE STRONG- EST COMPUTERS OUT THERE” Mark PELCZARSKI, POLARWARE The AST 2000 is a 20-megabyte hard disk drive that comes with a 20 megabyte tape backup. It supports ProDOS, Pascal and DOS 3.3 and is the same hard disk as for the Macin- tosh and Ile. Entirely IIGS specific from AST is a memory expansion card, expandable to four megabytes and a graphics board which will capture images from sources such as video cameras or VCRs. PRODUCT AND COMPANY INFORMATION All the companies said products would ship at announcement of the IGS, or within a month thereafter. We've listed the prices that were available at press time. ACTIVISION 2350 Bayshore Pkwy. Mountain View, CA 94039 (415) 960-0410 PaintWorks Plus, $79 Writer’s Choice elite, $99 CORCLE 223 ON READER SERVICE CARD AST RESEARCH 2121 Alton Ave. Irvine, CA 92714 (714) 553-0340 (714) 660-9175 (BBS) SprintDisk, $295 AST 2000, $2795 Memory Expansion Board Graphics Board CORE 724 OW READER SERVICE CARD BRODERBUND 17 Paul Drive San Rafael, CA 94903 (415) 479-1700 Page Layout Program (unnamed at press time) The Drawing Table The Print Shop Fantavision (all products under $100) CORCLE 225 ON READER SERVICE CARD CHANG LABS 5300 Stevens Creek Blvd. San Jose, CA 95129 (408) 246-8020 Rags to Riches $200 per module; $500 for 3-pack CORCLE 226 ON READER SERVICE CARD ELECTRONIC ARTS 1820 Gateway Drive San Mateo, CA 94404 (418) 571-7171 continued on next page 29 The Deluxe Series: Paint, Video, Print, Music approx. $99 each CAE 227 On READER SRC ARO LEARNINGWAYS, INC. 875 Main St. Cambridge, MA 02199 (617) 576-3007 Distributed by D.C. Heath 125 Spring St. Lexington, MA 02173 Explore-a-Story, (5%-inch disk) CIRCLE 228 ON READER SERVICE CARD MECA 285 Riverside Ave. Westport, CT 06880 (203) 222-1000 Managing Your Money CIRCLE 229 ON READER SERVICE CARD. MEGAHAUS 5703 Oberlin Drive San Diego, CA 92121 (619) 450-1230 PageWorks $125 ‘CIRCLE 230 ON READER SERVICE CARD ORANGE MICRO 1400 N. Lakeview Ave. Anaheim, CA 92807 (714) 779-2772 ProGrappler, $129 RAMPak System Sentinel CRUE 231 O RADE Sew CARD PBI 1111 Triton Dr. Foster City, CA 94404 (415) 349-8765 Comworks | $95 Comworks 16 $59 Animation Reader $39.95 Visualizer $95 CIRCLE 232 ON READER SERVICE CARD 30 POLARWARE/PENGUIN P.O. Box 311 Geneva, IL 60134 (312)232-1984 Graphics Magician Interactive Fiction Series CIRCLE 233 ON READER SERVICE CARD QUARK 2525 W. Evans Denver, CO 80219 (303) 934-2211 Desktop Publishing Package (unnamed at press time) Under $300 CIRCLE 234 ON READER SERVICE CARD ROGER WAGNER PUBLISHING 10761 Woodside Ave., Ste. E Santee, CA 92071 (619) 562-3221 MouseWrite, (51-inch disk) Merlin 16 Carousel CIRCLE 235 ON READER SERVICE CARD TML Systems 4241 Bay Meadows Rd. Jacksonville, FA 32217 (904) 636-8592 TML Pascal $99.95 CGRCLE 236 ON READER SERVICE CARD VIP Technology 132 Aero Camino Santa Barbara, CA 93117 (805) 968-4045 Combination spreadsheet, graphics, data- base (unnamed at press time) CIRCLE 237 ON READER SERVICE CARD Buy One Get One Free! WINNING PROGRAMS. Competition The Winning Programs re- counts the excitement of the The Apple Computer Clubs’ Apple Computer Clubs Activities Handbook Parent's Guide addresses Apple Computer Clubs'Com- resource book filled with activ- issues which all parents will petition '84 in which hundreds _ ities on word processing, computer graphics, LOGO, of teens gained national face as they start down the road toward computer literacy. $12.95 recognition. $10.95 and other stimulating subjects, $14.95 Please enclose a copy of this offer with your order and add a $2.00 per book for shipping and handling. Thank you. Claire Christian Apple Computer Clubs International 217 Jackson Street, Box 948 Lowell, MA 01853 For more information, call 1-800-343-1425, Apple® Computer Clubs International CIRCLE O11 ON READERS SERVICE CARD I COMPUTING, FOR APPLE I! USERS SNEAK PREVIEW Talking Text Writer and the IgGs by ANITA MALNIG, Editor TALKING TEXT WRITER Scholastic Software 730 Broadway New York, NY 10003 (212) 505-3000 256K, lics 128K, He or Ile $249.95 with Echo Speech Synthesizer from Street Electronics (discount available for schools) CIRCLE 222 ON READER SERVICE CARD “(The IIGS] is just the machine that special ed and primary grade teachers have been waiting for;’ says Dr. Terri Rosegrant, a Ph.D. in early childhood education and linguistics. She’s the developer of Talking Text Writer from Scholastic. And Talking Text Writer just might be the software that special ed and primary grade ti chers have been waiting for. writes, it draws and it’s easy for young children to use. Studies have shown that the program has increased children’s interest and ability in read- ing and writing. It talks with the help of an Echo Speech Synthesizer. You have the option to choose whether Talking Text Writer will speak the word(s), sen- tence(s) and paragraph(s) that you write on the monitor's screen. Since Talking Text Writer uses syn- thesizers, not euphonic speech, you must make phonetic adjustments. For instance, for my name, Anita, we told the program to s , A-nee-ta, and it ly. The program then remembers the pronunciation. “A socket for a speech c have helped [in the IIc Rosegrant. While the new Ensoniq sound chip in the sound, it’s would says IIGS can make wonderful not, says Rosegrant, designed for speech. Speech is dupli- with the new chip but only by ing each word, which takes up alot of mei mory. Thus, Rosegrant and Talking ‘Text Writer's programmer, Russ Cooper, say the program will continue using the Echo board in the IIGS and the Ile as well. (The pro- gram will also be available in a Ie version.) Talking Text Writer seems simple enough to write with (I had only a brief demo in someone's office). A border of commands surrounds the screen, and you can change those borders eas- ily by the press of a number. You do simple word processing on a screen whose color you can change. ‘Talking ‘Text Writer yields a 20-, 40- or 80- column screen and print-outs, and offers a wide variety of printer func- tions. A special underlay function lets you define words and save those defini- tions. A teacher can go in ahead of time to define certain words; when students Talking Text Writer just might be the software that special ed and primary grade teachers have been waiting for. It talks, it writes, it draws and it’s easy for young children to use. get to that word they give the command to see the definition. They can then choose to read it and/or have Talking ‘Text Writer do the reading. It draws. The IGS version offers a library of pictures. Taking advantage of the stunning IIGS visual display, children can write and illustrate their own stories. ‘Talking Text Writer will store those pictures and text with the increased storage capacity, both in RAM and with 3%-inch disks. Rosegrant also sees the detached keyboard as a real plus for young children who are sharing a computer. Talking Text Writer has been a long time in the making. Ro: ized it was beginning readers and writers who had the most difficulties, and with those youngsters in mind she OCTOBER / NOVEMBER 1986 designed this program. She developed the original prototype in 1981 on the IBM PC. IBM offered funding for test sites in Phoenix, Arizona, with Chap- ter One children (children education- ally at risk because of environmental factors). These children were hard to teach. With her program they learned J and write. IfI got a charge out ing this program speak my sen- tences, I can imagine the possibilities with five-year-olds! real gap in Apple i software for kindergarten and primary grades, and hopes Apple will encourage development in that area. IBM’s “Writing to Read” program, specifically geared to those very ages, is gaining momentum in the domain usually considered Apple’s. Talking Text Writer is an exciting move ahead. The combination of it with the IIGS opens up countless doors for many.// 68000 for your Apple UNDER 5200 ! Our line of hardware & software systems for Apple H+, He includes a 68008 card, assembler, & FORTH for under $200 ! Write or call today for our 68008/6809 product catalog. P.O. Box Oak View, Sta 93022 (805) 649-2833 CIRCLE 130 ON READERS SERVICE CARD 31 REVIE Programming the 65816: A Review of Three New Texts by JEFF HURLBURT 65816/65802 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING by Michael Fischer Osborne/McGraw-Hill 2600 Tenth St. Berkeley, CA 94710 (415) 548-2805 $19.95 CGRCLE 238 ON READER SERVICE CARD PROGRAMMING THE 65816 by William Labiak Sybex, Inc. 2344 Sixth St. Berkeley, CA 94710 (800) 227-2346 $24.95 CCRCLE 239 ON READER SERVICE CARD PROGRAMMING THE 65816 MICROPROCESSOR: INCLUDING THE 6502 AND 65C02 by Ron Lichty and David Eyes Prentice-Hall Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632 (201) 592-2240 $22.96 CIRCLE 240 ON READER SERVICE CARD Apple’s adoption of Western Design's 65816 as the heart of its new IIGS com- puter has, naturally, spawned a host of “How to Program . . ”” paperbacks. This month we shall take a look at three new releases contending for recogni- tion as THE bible for serious Apple users. Each purports to be a compre- hensive guide to 65816 program- ming—usable by relative newcomers as well as experienced programmers. Thus you will find the obligatory tutorials on number systems, “how microprocessors work,’ and assembler mnemonics along with descriptions of 65816 operation and opcode-by-opcode definitions of machine instructions. Indeed, with so many similarities, a surprise is that the books are really very different. Dispelling the notion that technical material must be a dry cataloging of facts, Michael Fischer immediately sets out to involve the reader in the 65816's background and the excitement sur- rounding its introduction. Of the 600 pages of text (700, including data sheet reprints) a full third presents detailed descriptions of each instruction utiliz- ing register diagrams, address mode charts, and illustrative mini-programs. Arranged in alphabetical order by mnemonic, the section is a very handy reference which, for users already well- versed in machine/assembly level pro- gramming, will supply practically all the 65816/65802 instruction informa- tion required. The balance of the text is devoted to chapters developing example pro- grams for code conversion, string han- dling, arithmetic, sorts and similarly basic tasks. While a few areas, nota- bly data movement, actually experi- ence overkill, discussion is on-target and listings are complete. The McGraw-Hill text is liberally sprinkled with diagrams and flowcharts and, owing chiefly to good organization, uncluttered format, and Fischer’s con- versational style, is easily the most read- able of the three books. With so many similarities, it is surprising that the books are really very different. Completeness and a solid Apple bias make the Eyes-Lichty work a best bet to become the standard assembly language reference for users of the new Apple. Whereas the 370-page Sybex offer- ing exhibits the best “production values” (plenty of white space, good use of highlighting, effective diag