InCider198306

rR Better Business Software — .r-1s0usasess ° & - ider ™ Green's Apple* Magazine Telecomputing’s Here... And We’ve Got Your Number! Plus: The Best of Everything Fun and Games To Get You On-Line For Tots 74470°12066 | *Apple® is a registered trademark of Apple Computer Inc. ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT. PACKAGE xy SPECIALLY TARGETED. Works in harmony with your z-card/epm equipped Apple II. No more floppy shuffle. Fast one pass compiler that doesn’t generate unnecessary intermediate files which require further assembly. PROFESSIONALLY DESIGNED. Crafted by a project team with over 15 years of Pascal programming experience. A powerful Pascal that includes all the features necessary for professional program development including random files and dynamic strings. INCREDIBLE SPEED. Resultant stand alone programs execute 10-20 times faster than the equivalent Basic or up to 4-1/2 times faster than U.C.S.D. programs. TRADEMARK ceM Digital Research Apple Apple Computers ucsD University Calif. San Diego Alcor Pascal Aleor Systems PASCAL POWERFUL TEXT EDITOR. Has Macro capability, reconfigurable and understands smart terminals. EXCEPTIONAL DOCUMENTATION. Includes 250 page documentation pkg. that guides you step by step. OPTIONAL ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT PKG. Includes Optimizer and Native Code Generator for even faster executing programs. ADP: $125 + shipping. ALCOR PASCAL: A new standard of excellence from the professionals at Aleor Systems. CALL OR WRITE for a free 20 page technical brochure with all the facts. 214-226-4476. Pascal System: $199 + Ly 800 W. Garland Ave. SySrems ~ Garland, Texas 75040 Dealer Inquiries Invited Circle 1 on Reader Service card. 2nd Generation Spreadsheet for Apple Il and //c Everything VisiCalc can do and much more. Plus 64K or 128K RAM. Plus 80-column display for Apple //e at no extra cost. MAGICALC is a completely new second generation spreadsheet pro- gram for Apple Il. This state-of-the-art system includes 70-column upper and lower case video, full 80-column board display, hard disk compatibility, individual column widths, invisible columns for confidential data, and full compatibility with VisiCalc that lets you utilize existing VisiCalc models. ‘efer to the box below for a compari- son of MAGICALC and VISICALC. EXPAND-A-RAM 64K or 128K of additional RAM memory for expanded MAGICALC worksheets. Includes MEMORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM — relocates DOS for more free memory in BASIC. You also get RAMDISK emulators for APPLE DOS, APPLE PASCAL“and CP/M™-— a software package that emulates a standard Apple floppy disk drive butis 2 to 10 times faster. Plus more. Registered trade marks: Apple. ..belongs to. ‘Apple Computer, Inc., Magicalc to Artsci, Inc., Expand-A-Ram to Prometheus Products, Inc., VisiCalc to Visicorp, CP/M to Digital Research, Inc. Circle 383 on Reader Service card. EXPAND-A-RAM for Apple I! plugs into any slot and works with the many software programs that use 16K of RAM in slot 0 — including CP/M, APPLE PASCAL®LISA, MERLIN... and many others. EXPAND-A- RAM/80 for Apple Ile, which includes the 80-column display, goes into the auxiliary slot. No modification of your Apple is required. SPECIAL LOW INTRODUCTORY PRICES for the combination MAGICALC plus EXPAND-A-RAM are $399 with 64K RAM and $499 with 128K RAM. Apple Ile users (only), please specify your choice of the stan- dard EXPAND-A-RAM or EXPAND-A- RAM/80 with 80-column Display at no additional charge. See your local dealer for details: ARTSCI, INC. 5547 Satsuma Ave., North Hollywood, CA 91601, (213) 985-2922 PROMETHEUS PRODUCTS, INC. 45277 Fremont Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538, (415) 490-2370 COMPARE! Preboot required 70 column upper and lower case video display Full 80 column board display Individual column widths Invisible columns for confidential data Hard disk compatibility Full compatibility with VisiCalc Program plus 128K RAM Gider June 1983 Vol. 1 No. 6 ARTICLES Magic Window II Magic—Almost 110 Artsci takes great panes to improve its original window by Gregory R. Glau Poking Perfection Part III Demystifying lo-res screen coordinates by A. E, Doughty The Black Box An Apple-80 Conversion 194 117 A great game borrowed from an alien machine by Hap Gaylord Counting on Your Apple 130) They'll never suspect they’re learning by Gary E. Leonard Do It Right! Industrial strength peripherals by Paul Raymer Of Cats and Turtles In Mathland Unlocking the secret behind the enigmatic cat’s face by Greg Stone Word Handler: Taking the Surprises out of PRINT 146 Second generation word processing arrives by Jerry Brieger 133 Blaising Bibliographies Part II 150 A program for printing and storing references by James Florini Downloaded from www.Apple2Onlline.com Gover art by Bill Giese GraForth, a Grand Graphics Language 60 A look at a masterful new product by Hartley Lesser Telecommunications Adviser 66 Answers to frequently asked ques- tions about modems by Ed Magnin Dial-Up Apple: A Communications Sampler 74 Dial-Up Apple. p. 74 > ; When you're ready to telecompute, there are plenty of products to help ] you do the job right E by Frank J. Derfler, Jr. +-| @|e)— ss Worlds of Information _ 8) ie elie A prospector’s guide to information | e|— veins e| t | by Peter Ferrand and John Davidson | Get On-Line with | Apple-Cat II Black Box, p. 124. When a modem becomes more than a . modem DEPARTMENTS by Albert A. Alexy, Jr. and Hot Cider 6 Darrell L. Zwemke by Wayne Green InCide Out 10 Highlights of the issue The Hayes Fermentations 12 Micromodem II 100 Letters 18 Still one of the most popular choices Applewatch 21 by George S. Guild, Jr. The Applesoft Adviser 29 2 re Enlivening screen displays Ding-A-Ling, Bent on Business 38 Ding-A-Lin, fenon Ding-A-Ling___108 n answer to your phone listing The Assembly Advantage 44 robleng Using the SPEED/ASM package ii TE MaxdiiRee //?’s Company 158 PY Mh Max Driver routines Fudge It! 162 The Joy of Scrolling Hardware Reviews a ek ‘ Software Reviews 172 Wayne Green the, 80 Pine St, Peterborouh, Ni O35, Book Reviews 104 eet, NE, uel avon! mailg ofc Sub Calendar 196 ratesin U.S. are $25 for one year and $53 for three years. In . . Canada and Mexico. 8 US Cider Vinegar 196 GrawnonaU.S bank, Canadian dtbutor lero stb. New Software 198 _wling, 409 Queen St. West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada MSV 2A5, BC Canadian distributor: Graymar Data Services, New Products 202 Lid., 94258. Ist Ave., Vancouver, BC VST 1A6. Foreign subscriptions (surface mail), $44,97—one year only, U.S, funds drawn on a U.S. bank. Foreign subscriptions (air rail), please inquire, In South Africa contact inCider, P.O. 5, Sandton, South Africa 2146. All U.S. and uubscription correspondence should be addressed . Subscription Department, P.O. Box 911, Farm- ingdale, NY 11787. Please include your address label with any correspondence, Postmaster: Send address changes to inCider, Subscription Services, P.O. Box 911, Farmingdale, NY 11737. Entire contents copyright 1983 by Wayne Green Inc. 4 Eider June 1983 Hot Cider PUBLISHER/EDITOR Wayne Green EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT Sherry Smythe-Green GENERAL MANAGER Debra Wetherbee ASSISTANT TO PRESIDENT Matt Smith ASSISTANT PUBLISHER Jeff DeTray CORPORATE CONTROLLER Roger Murphy ASSISTANT TO CONTROLLER Dominique Smith CIRCULATION MANAGER 603-924-9471 Patricia Ferrante BULK & NEWSSTAND SALES. MANAGER Ginnie Boudrieau ADVERTISING, 603-924-7138 David Schissler, Manager; Denis Duffy, Craig Everett: Sales; Patty Lesser: Advertising Coordinator. New England Advertising Representatives: John A. Garland, Frank Surace, Garland Associates Inc., Box 314 SHS, Duxbury, MA 02332 617-934-6464 PRODUCTION Nancy Salmon, Manager; Michael Murphy, Assistant; Frances Benton, Michael Ford, Phil Geraci, Donna Hartwell, Kimberly Nadeau, Lynn Parsons, Deborah Stone, Theresa Verville, Robert Villeneuve, Karen Wozmak; Ad Coordinators: Paula Ramsey, David Wozmak, Mary Seaver; Advertising Production: Bruce Hedin, Fiona Davies, Scott Philbrick, Jane Preston PHOTOGRAPHY Thomas Villeneuve, Supervisor; Katherine Coker, Sandra Dukette, Laurie Jenison, Irene Vail TYPESETTING Sara Bedell, Supervisor; Darlene Bailey Melody Bedell, Michele DesRochers, Prem Gongaju, Lynn Haines, Debbie Nutting, Lindy Palmisano, Heidi Thomas DESIGN Jonathan Graves, Creative Director; Christine Destrempes, Design Director; Joyce Pillarella, Supervisor; Denzel Dyer, Howard Happ, Susan Donohoe, Laurie MacMillan, Dion Owens, Diane Ritson, Susan Stevens, Donna Wohlfarth 6 Gider June 1983 Remarks from the Publisher... Wayne Green As of years ago the micro- computer field was fortunate to have a few good mentions a year in the consumer press...now it is almost unusual if there isn’t some sort of article on micros in a half dozen of the major magazines every weck. The Lisa introduction certainly made news all over the place. Just how much of a bonanza the Lisa is going to be for Apple. . .and in due course the Apple supporting firms. . .isn’t at all clear. My natural tendency is to be enthusiastic and op- timistic, but there are some storm clouds that worry me. I wish I felt as excited about the Lisa as I do about some of the new low end computers. Let me explain. On the positive side is the enor- mous success of the Apple IT. But we really have to remember that a sub- stantial part of that success lies in the wide variety of excellent programs that are available for it. . . and the al- most incredible range of accessories. Add to that the powerful information backup with magazines and books, probably only challenged by the TRS-80, and maybe you understand the concept. Now look at the darker side. The debacle of the Apple III would seem to tell us that the magic was not in the name Apple, but in the Apple II with its software and information sup- port. . .plus one hell of a lot of deal- ers selling it. I get the impression that much of Apple's advertising thrust has been semiproductive. They've helped the whole field become legiti- mate, but the consumer doesn’t asso- ciate Apple with small computers, which was the aim. Okay. Anyone who has wandered around NCC or Comdex has to come to the conclusion that there are an in- credible number of small computer manufacturers. Way over 250 dif- ferent firms make desktop computers that are sold in the US. Most of these systems have common problems, de- spite some brilliant hardware devel- opments. The problems are much like those of the Apple III. . .a lack of applications software and of user in- formation. The difficulty of running Apple II programs on the Apple III, while not really serious, may have been enough of a psychological hur- dle to blunt sales. The Apple maga- zines have tended to dwell on the II because that’s where most of the in- terest has been. So now we have the Lisa. Grant- ed, it is easy to use. A true marvel. But you can buy a lot of computer these days for $10,000...a whole lot. . .including a rather good-sized Winchester drive. And at that price you are definitely out of the casual buy bracket that made the II so at- tractive. We're not looking at a home computer. ..or at one for schools. We're perhaps not even looking at one for particularly small businesses or one that solves the usual business problems. Many firms justify a computer on the basis of using it for a specific ap- plication...such as inventory con- STAMP OUT HIGH PRICE On Apple® Software & Accessories... ... without sacrificing on prompt delivery or quality service. Micro Mountain sells everything at prices substantially less than the manufacturer's list. Since we maintain such a large inventory (1000's of items in stock) most orders can be filled and shipped within 24 hours after you order. And, because Micro Mountain is one of the largest retail distributors of Apple® Software in the world, we will be here should you need service at anytime after you receive your order. So, if you're interested in— Low Prices, Prompt Delivery AND Quality Service, SHOP AT... i] mountain NOW WE carey FRANKLIN COMPUTERS étrncer Locksmith uel es $6950 List Handler ee $6450 Monitor .......... 914750 Bomb dllley........ $4750 Wild Card ....... 910959 Micro Modem i. $2775° Tax Manager ee $14750 Market Analyzer _ $275 50 Visicale 3.3... 918759 Alegebra IV ........ $2650 ‘Solo’ Disk Drive . $27950 16K Ram Card .... 95959 Rhymes & Riddles . $2350 Word Handler... 913950 KENSINGTON MICROWARE System Saver $6550 Multi Plan ........ $21950 SO A SS OS = ror FREE CATALOG~ store rore i mirmme meme oa pe Gall ADD ADDITIONAL $3.00 FOR BLUE LABEL i if). SHIPPING ON’ HARDWARE ITEMS—EXTRA, Washingt PHONE IN _ esidonts sca o1 salon tax We accept MASTERCARD, VISA ana YOUR ORDER | AMERICAN EXPRESS. C.0.D.'s add $5.00. | AN A [name 1 Nos —TOLL FREE— H 1 oP ING (800) 854-5649 | oer Washington State residents city, STATE & ZIP- nO ot ny order | "See phone numbers Bo a H programs entitles you to Order Blank at Right. r] . ry pdveny curcheice of Original | ORDER PHONEHOURS: g stonaTune ; fenture Game oF AppiesonS Mon.-Fri. 9 to 6 (PST) 14817 N.E. 169th ST., WOODINVILLE, WA 98072 Tutorial on disk FREE! | sat. sun. 10t02(PST) HW onpEn PHONE —- Ouislde Wash. — (600) 854-5040 f Wash. Residents & Cust. Service (20) 483-2000 Il ee PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE Circle 55 on Reader Service card. June 1983 Cider 7 Circle 304 on Reader Service card. STATISTICS SERIES FLEXIBLE + ACCURATE EASY-TO-USE Human Systems Dynamics programs are used by leading universities and medical centers. Any program that doesn't suit your needs can be returned within 10 days for full refund. Designed for use with Apple Il 48K, 1 or 2 Disk Drives, 3.3 DOS, ROM Applesoft. 4150 ‘Complete Multiple Regression Series Stepwise, Simultaneous Solutions Forward, Backward Solutions Auto Power Polynomial Solutions Data Smoothing, Transformations Correlation and Covariance Matrices Residuals Analysis, Partial Correlation Research Data Base Management Count, Search, Sort, Review/Edit ‘Add, Delete, Merge Files Curve Fit, HiRes X-Y Plot STATS PLUS $200 Complete General Statistics Package Research Data Base Management Count, Search, Sort, Review/Edit Add, Delete, Merge Files Compute Data Fields, Create Subfiles Produce Hi-Res Bargraphs, Plots 1-5 Way Crosstabulation Descriptive Statistics for All Fields Chi-Square, Fisher Exact, Signed Ranks Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Rank Sum Friedman Anova by Ranks 10 Data Transformations Frequency Distribution Correlation Matrix, 2 Way Anova 1, Rho, Tau, Partial Correlation 3 Variable Regression, 3 t-Tests ANOVA II $150 Complete Analysis of Variance Package Analysis of Covariance, Randomized Designs Repeated Measures , Split Plot Designs 1 to 5 Factors, 2 to 36 Levels Per Factor Equal N or Unequal N, Anova Table Descriptive Statistics, Marginal Means Cell Sums of Squares, Data File Creation Data Review/Edit, Data Transformations File Combinations, All Interactions Tested High Resolution Mean Plots, Bargraphs Se) HUMAN SYSTEMS DYNAMICS, To Order— Call (213) 993-8536 or Write HUMAN SYSTEMS DYNAMICS 9010 Reseda Blvd. Suite 222 Northridge, CA 91324 Dealer inquiries Invited 8 Eider June 1983 Hot Cider trol, accounting or payroll. None of these have been mentioned as yet available for the Lisa. As an executive I would like to be able to use the pro- grams that are available for Lisa, but even though my firm is fair-sized, I’m reluctant to gamble ten big ones. And the prospect of having to sit there entering reams of facts and figures to develop my economic models is not attractive. Of course, if Lisa could be networked to some low end comput- ers that could be used for data entry, I might go for it. In all, I suspect that Lisa may turn out to be a hard sell for dealers. Dealers, like the rest of us, tend to take the path of least resistance. . . and Lisa may just push more busi- nesses toward IBM. ..where there are accounting and other popular program packages. How enthusiastic I would become “If Lisa could be networked to some low end computers that could be used for data entry, I might go for it.” if I actually tried Lisa is a question. .. and one not likely to be answered in the next year or so, Magazine publish- ers are right down near the bottom of the list for demonstration units from most manufacturers, And, having been burned far too often, the chances of my spending that kind of money on a gamble seem remote. Ask me about the Algorithmics word pro- cessor disaster some time. The inCider editors will be looking for articles from happy Lisa users, as will the editors of their sister publica- tion, Desktop Computing, which is totally non-technical and read by businessmen who want to find out what computer system to buy for their business. Lisa users who are able to come up with some conver- sions of Apple II/III programs will find a ready readership in inCider. Getting back to Apple. With most of the II sales via dealers, even if we dismiss the growing discontent of dealers over low profit margins, there could be almost insurmounta- ble marketing problem for Lisa. Re- member that the aim for this system seems to be mangagement in larger firms. . .not exactly the people who go out to a computer store and try to understand the totally bewildering array of equipment there. These peo- ple are used to salesmen coming to them. ..demonstrating the equip- ment...and then providing a class for the people who will be using it. How resistant and fearful of failure will older managers be? Plenty! Remember, too, that most larger firms are in the process of cutting down on management. . .cutting a lot. Further, many managers will be in a position, if they authorize the Lisa expense, of having to show sub- stantial benefits to the firm or being in a weak position with other mana- gers. The psychological problems can be tough. Well, on the bright side, there are rumors that much of the Lisa tech- nology may be handed down to the lower-priced line with the entry of the Macintosh later this year. And there are rumors, too, that E.T., a long-awaited really low end system that might provide some serious com- petition to the other $250 and under computers, may be on the way. Getting back to the need for more than the software that comes with Lisa, there seems to be a monumental obstacle.-Sure, a few of the larger firms will be able to spend the.money for a development system. ..but what about the thousand smaller programmers. . .the ones that made the II such a success? These are the same people who did not even spring for a III and rewrite their programs for that one. I'm reminded of one of my all time bum predictions, Back in the 1950s Collins Radio came out with an ex- pensive receiver that I predicted the average ham could not afford to buy. It turned out to be the best selling ham receiver in history. Perhaps Ap- ple is going to do a fantastic job of selling Lisa. . .and their dealers will come back into line to get a piece of the action. ll FREE! A six-pack of tasty Apple** posters! Here’s your chance to get any or all of these beau- tiful 16 x 24 posters Free! except for just a small postage/handling charge! Commissioned by Data- most, and painted by well-known computer artist, Art Huff, each is a unique experience in design that will grace your home or office. To get your posters, visit your favorite computer store and pick up a coupon where you see the counter display shown below. Fill out the coupon and mail it to Datamost. For each individual poster you want Free, include a registration card from any Datamost software package. Send only $1.75 postage/ handling fee with each order. (Note. Without a Datamost regis- tration card, the Posters are available at only $5.95 each, plus same postage/handling charge.) Be the first to collect the entire series of these magnificent, exclusive, and FREE Apple“posters from Datamost! Look for this poster display DATAMOST : at your computer store. 8943 Fullbright Ave., Chatsworth, CA 91311. (213) 709-1202 Copyright 1983 Datamost Inc. YES! 1 Want To Participate in the Datamost FREE APPLE* POSTER OFFER Please sign us up and send mea complimentary set of the Six full color Apple Posters. I would like: window banners. counter cards w/coupons. Name: Title Store/Business Name Address: City: State Zip Mastercard Visa No. (@®)DATAMOST- 8943 Fullbright Ave., Chatsworth, CA 91311 (213) 709-1202 “The posters are exclusive products of Datamost, Inc. and are not connected with, or authorized by Apple Computer, inc. ! | | if | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | **Apple is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. I Gircle 36 on Reader Service card Cider inCider editorial offices Pine Street Peterborough, NH 03458 603-924-9471 MANAGING EDITOR Linda Stephenson SENIOR EDITOR Paul C. Quinn TECHNICAL AND REVIEW EDITOR Hartley Lesser CHIEF COPY EDITOR Peg LePage NEW PRODUCTS EDITOR Tom Woods NEWS EDITOR John P. Mello, Jr. ASSISTANT EDITOR Joan Witham PRODUCTION EDITOR Susan Gross LAYOUT EDITORS Joan Ahern, Bob Dukette, Sue Hays, Laura Landy, Judy Oliver, Anne Vadeboncoeur Problems with Subscriptions: Send a descrip- tion of the problem and your current and/or most recent address to: inCider, Subscription Department, PO Box 911, Farmingdale, NY 11787. Change of Address: Send an old label or a copy of your old address and new address to: in- Cider, PO Box 911, Farmingdale, NY 11737. Please give eight weeks’ advance notice. Microfilm: This publication is available in mi- croform from University Microfilms Interna- tional. United States address: 300 North Zeeb Road, Dept. P.R., Ann Arbor, MI 48106. For- eign address: 18 Bedford Row, Dept. P.R., London, WC1R4EJ, England. Dealers: Contact Ginnie Boudrieau, Bulk Sales Manager, inCider, Pine Street, Peterbor- ough, NH 03458, 800-343-0728. Manuscripts are welcome at inCider. We will consider pub- lication of any Apple material. Guidelines for budding authors are available. Please send a self-addressed envelape and ask for “How: to Write for inCider.” inGider is pab- lished monthly by Wayne Green Inc. Entire contents copy- right 1983 Wayne Green Inc. No part of this publication may be reprinted, or reproduced by any means, prior written permission from the publisher, All programs ‘are published for personal use only’. All rights reserved. 10 Eider June 1983 out inCide Out What’s New This Month? Yu won't often find a lot of in- Cider’s pages devoted to a single topic: Apple owners have notoriously varied interests, from spreadsheets to Sea Dragon, and we want to meet all your needs. But this issue brings to- gether some of the most talented and knowledgeable people in the field of telecommunications, each eager to help you get on-line and get the most from your Apple. The infamous Ed Magnin offers good advice on getting started— there’s not much to it, you know. You probably already have a phone, and a modem is the next logical invest- ment. Ed has promised to keep in touch (electronically or in the old- fashioned way) and to answer your concerns in future articles. Frank Derfler, who has authored “Dial-Up Directory” in Microcom- puting for many a moon, contributes some valuable insights for Apple owners. Getting the right software for your particular setup can be the difference between beeping for fun and profit and tearing out your hair. And from John Davidson, our lo- cal CP/M freak, ably aided by Peter Ferrand, comes the world of bulletin boards and information services. These fellows display their bias some- what—the information is slanted to- ward those of you with Z-80 boards hidden in your Apples, but perhaps that’s no mistake. Maybe you're miss- ing out on more than WordStar if you forego CP/M. Reviews of several state-of-the-art modems round out the discussion. If telecommunications is in your future, check them out. And take a look at Max McKee’s little data entry util- ity—it’s a simple answer to getting the numbers into your automatic dial-up system with minimum hassle. We've been asking for conversions, particularly conversions of programs published in 80 Micro. The switch from TRS-80 Basic to Applesoft re- quires some deft programming, and we know some of you folks have the skill. Conversions are beginning to trickle in. “The Black Box” is a de- lightful logic game originally written for users of “the other machine,” and now available to Apple gamers. So let’s see more conversions—why rein- vent the wheel! If graphics is your passion—for whatever purpose—two of our au- thors have colorful suggestions for you. Albertan A. E. Doughty wraps up his screen formatting series, and regular Don Fudge offers some tips for graphics animation. Readers have asked us for more ap- plications for education. Well, if there’s a preschooler at your house, check out Gary Leonard’s counting program. Also in this issue, Greg Stone presents a clever little Logo program that draws. : . well, you'll see what it draws. But the point of get- ting youngsters programming in Logo is not the product but the process. Logo is more than a language, it’s a new way of thinking and learning. So we'll continue to bring you new ideas for getting kids involved with Logo—and watch for September! For your other varied tastes and needs, inCider includes hints for programming in Pascal, Applesoft and assembly language. And you'll find plenty of valuable information about choosing the best commercial software, So enjoy June—and next month will be a whole new adventure. —Ls AFTER YOUR FIRST DRIVE GO WITH AMDISK. The AMDISK-I Micro-floppy disk system is an engineering breakthrough in disk size, storage capacity, media protection and user conven- ience. It’s fully compatible with your Apple II*® and Apple Ile and is furnished with an in- terconnect cable. Enjoy a full 286K: storaget capability and the extra convenience of the new 3” hard plastic encased diskette. Packed 10 per box, the disk cartridge fits into a shirt pocket and is easy to mail. Suggested Retail Price... . $299 (3 ” cartridge $6.99 ea.) 2201 Lively Blvd. © Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 f (312) 364-1180 TLX: 25-4786 BW Bilt The Amdisk Single Drive system is ruggedly con- structed for years of trouble-free operation and is backed with our 90 day warranty on parts and labor. Just circle the reader service number for com- plete specifications. * Apple lis a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. + Requires recording on both sides Circle 95 on Reader Service card. Fermentations by Hartley G. Lesser I: you've been getting out to the shows lately, you're probably feeling overwhelmed by the many and varied computer systems that are choking the market. For a company to really make the grade in the fu- ture, their product had better be one of the best in the field. I doubt whether a 1 percent market share is going to be enough for many com- panies. Watch for a lot of closures— and I don’t mean surgical. Speaking of surgery, many retail computer stores could stand a scalpel’s artistry. Let’s take a closer look at these purveyors of informa- tion processing. If some don’t begin to take seriously their role in the mi- crocomputing industry, their roles may well end up dismal flops. A com- petent retail computer outlet is a god- send. Why do there seem to be so few of them around? Perhaps some of the following observations. . . tips. . experiences ...may help you select your hard- ware and software suppliers. A good deal needs be done in the area of computer retailing, but let’s make one thing very clear—many compe- Very little can overcome the bitter taste from a harrowing experience at a computer store. Here are some suggestions that might help you avoid further trauma. Hints For Surviving The Retail Assault tent retail outlets might be over- looked because consumers have suf- fered at the hands of other retailers. So please judge each on its own merit. Here are some examples of what yours truly has run into over the past few years. If it happens to you, you'll know what to do, When telephoning a computer store’s technical department to schedule repairs on your computer or to ask a technical question: @ You're told by a salesperson that the technician doesn’t accept phone calls, (Can't the tech speak English?) @ You are informed that the techni- cian hasn’t arrived at work yet be- cause he’s an independent sort. It’s 10:30 AM. (Perhaps the manager needs time to run out and find some- one to play technician.) @ You're informed that the techni- cian is on the floor selling a unit to a customer. (Obviously, there is no technician. There is a salesperson in techie clothing. And the store can’t manage enough profit to hire a full- time technician.) © They tell you that the technician is working on a toaster, and will call you back when he’s done. (A Pop- Tart freak!) Call prospective computer stores and ask questions that'll help you de- termine the competency of their sales staff. @ Ask what the difference is between a binary or text file, (If they answer that it’s all a matter of personal pref- erence, and there’s no advantage to either one. .. .) ‘ When walking by a computer store, see what kind of software is be- ing displayed on the monitors both in the window and inside the store. If they’re all games, the orientation is probably not business. Walking into a store; if no one bothers to greet you, that might sug- gest their level of interest in helping you. If you enter a store and note that the salesperson is trying to program a ColecoVision machine, it might seem that s/he is really trying to impress you. Watch out if the salespeople are reading Mad and Cracked. Try these approaches: Feign ignorance, and ask the sales- 12 Cider June 1983 Golor for the Price of Black and White e Built by Seikosha, the oldest manufacturing company of the famous Seiko group—providing precision products since 1892 . Transtar - Box C-96975 Bellevue, Washington 98009 Circle 265 on Reader Service card. Fermentations person for a word processor. Several Tesponses could tip you off: @ They only have one in stock, and it’s the most expensive one on the market today. @No one asks you what tasks you need to accomplish with the word processor, or whether you need one that’s CP/M based. @ The salesperson grabs a software package off the shelf, seats you in front of a computer, and sits down next to you. . . balancing a cup of cof- fee on top of the monitor. Inquire about the differences be- tween the Apple II and Apple Ile. Hope the answer is not that the Ie won't be in stock for at least another month. (Avoidance of subject equals avoidance of sale). And hope none of the following befall you: @ Ask for information about Lisa, and be shown an assembler. @ Ask to see a good business ma- chine, and be shown an Atari 800. © Ask to see an excellent game sys- tem, and be shown an Apple III. @ Request a bid for an Apple II or He for use at home with your TV, and receive quotes for everything from drives to monitor, but no mention of an rf modulator. @ Buy two Apple drives, and not be asked if you need a controller card. @ Be told that it will take a week to fix the timing on your drives. @ Ask for a demo on a specific sys- tem, and find the salesperson unable to turn the blessed thing on. @ Ask for a software demonstration, which fails, with the salesperson ex- plaining that the software is bad. (Actually, he or she forgot to turn the monitor on.) @ Ask what muffin means and have the salesperson smile and inquire whether blueberry or corn. @ Ask for repair estimates, and be told that such is against store policy. @ Have the salesperson unable to in- sert the printer ribbon into your brand new Epson MX-100. © Ask for floppy disks for your Apple and have the salesperson bring you 8-inch disks. @Be sold software that has been opened and is minus the registra- tion card. Avoid, at all costs, stores that smell like popcorn and stock pet supplies as well as cosmetics and garden furni- ture. This is no place to believe ser- vice comes first, nor is it a store to go to for the finest in software selection. If the store doesn’t stock inCider, leave immediately. I would appreciate hearing your harrowing experiences. This could be your big chance to inject concern for quality control where it’s badly need- ed. And don’t forget to let us know about your good experiences too. Ml Circle 387 on Reader Service card. TYrTTrrrrrrryrr WHEN THE CHIPS ARE DOWN... “master diagnostics + plus” Specify Version I! or He REQUIRES: 48K, FP IN ROM 1 DISK DRIVE, DOS 3.3 14 Gider June 1983 master diagnostics nty master diagnostics + plus ORDER TOLL FREE ANYTIME or SEE YOUR NEAREST DEALER M: D. 3 1-800-835-2246 $55.00 $75.00 ‘OD. us Technical Produc 25 PROSPECT STREET » LEOMINSTER, MA 01453 Circle 234 on Reader Service card. eRAM 80 takes a shine to Apple. The eRAM 80 by Quadram is designed exclusively for the Apple Ile computer. It’s an enhancement card that builds character and improves memory. Just plug into a special auxiliary siot in the back of the computer and eRAM 80 is ready to go to work. Double your viewing area. When the card is activated, see twice the amount of text on the screen. The eRAM 80 aliows the monitor to display 80 characters per line with com- patible software. Instead of the usual 40. That uncomplicates things. Especially when it comes to word processing. And creating or editing documents. Increase your storage space. Besides improving Character count, Quadram’s eRAM 80 offers 64K of auxiliary memory. _ Whenever the Apple Ile’s internal memory isn’t enough to handle all data and programming needs, let eRAM 80 take over. Even double storage space, up to 128K, by combining eRAM 80 with some software. When using compatible software, it’s easy to switch from the main memory to eRAM 80. So u can store and retrieve information needed. uickly. And easily. What more could you ask for? _. Quecram puts the same traditional quality into eRAM 80 as put into all its other products. It's the kind of quality you can count on. The kind of quality also found in Quadram’s Apple Il, Ile and Ill Parailel Interface Card (Aric) and Parallel Interface Card with Graphics (APIC/G). More characters per line. More mernory. More Quadram quality. That's eRAM 80. Look for it now at your nearest retailer. $159. Add more character to your ple Ile QUADRAM CORPORATION Tan inteligen Systems Company 4357 Park Drive/Norcross, GA 30093/404-923-6666 TWX 810-766-4915 (QUADRAM NCRS) @& monttor 7 IMAGINE IT... COMPLETELY REDESIGNED. NOW, THE GRAPPLER +. The original Grappler was the first graphics interface to give you hi-res screen dumps from your keyboard. The new Grappler + with Dual Hi-Res Graphics adds flexibility with a side-by-side graphics printout of page 1 and page 2. The Grappler + can now be used with the Apple® Dot Matrix, With The the Okidata 84, and is Apple Ill compatible? In addition, the IDS ra Grappler + is currently available with color capability, including " color graphics screen dumps. PRES UP TO 64K BUFFER OPTION An optional Bufferboard can now be added to all existing Grappler and Grappler + interfaces. See your Apple Dealer for details. Printer Interface ‘Requires additional software driver. ** Requires graphics upgrade. Circle § on Reader Service card. CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research, Inc. © Orange Micro, Inc.1983 Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. NOW AVAILABLE THE BUFFERED GRAPPLER + The best of both world: he Buffered Grappler + All of the popular Grappler + features with the time-saving benefits of a printer buffer. ° 16K of Buffer « Expandable to 64K * Interfaces with all popular dot matrix printers Make the most of your Apple and printer, with the Grappler + or the Buffered Grappler +. ~ Orange Micro inc. 1400 N. Lakeview Ave., Anaheim, CA 92807 U.S.A. (714) 779-2772 Telex: 183511 CSMA Foreign Dealer Inquiries Welcome If your printer uses your Apple’ more than you do, you need The Bufferboard. If your Apple is locked into the “PRINT” mode so much that you've taken up soli- taire to kill the boredom, you needa buffer. And if your computer is the Apple Tor Il, the only buffer for you is The Bufferboard. Expandable to 64K of stor- age, The Bufferboard stores an instantane- ous bucketful of print data from your computer. Then it feeds the data to your printer at its own printing rate. Your Apple is set free from driving your printer and is ready for more data from you. Take your existing interface— and buffer it! Only The Bufferboard has a simple Interface-Docking System. No bulky boxes Circle 9 on Reader Service card. or expensive power supplies are needed because The Bufferboard fits right into your Apple—and docks onto your existing printer interface. The result is convenient and economical buffering of most popu- lar printer interfaces, including the Grappler + ™ interface, Epson interface, and Apple printer interface. Thirty sec- onds and a single hook-up are all you need to end the printer waiting game forever. Up to 20 letter-size pages stored at atime. The Bufferboard comes standard with 16K, and is expandable to 32K or 64K of buffering capacity with the addition of memory chips. This “bucket” will hold up to 20 pages of a print job, allowing you freedom to use your Apple. The Bufferboard—designed exclusively for the Apple Computer. Specifications: © Versions for Grappler + interface, Epson interface, Apple interface, and other popu- lar printer interfaces ® 16K buffer standard * Upgradeable to 32K or 64K ® Automatic memory configuration * Automatic self test © Includes interface docking cable. The Bufferboard is made by Orange Micro, Inc.; the same people who brought you the popular Grappler + printer inter- face. Both the Grappler + and The Bufferboard are now available at your local Apple dealer. Apple is a registered trademark of Apple, Inc Epson isa registered trademark of Epson America, Inc TaN @Orange Micro 1400 N. Lakeview, Anaheim, CA 92807 US.A. (714) 779-2772 TELEX: TX 183511 CSMA The, T™ For Apples and Printers © Orange Micro, Inc. 1982 Letters APO Irritations Being in the Air Force and sta- tioned in England, it is difficult to keep abreast of new developments in the States. I recently subscribed to in- Cider magazine. There are, howev- er, three items that really irritate me. They are as follows: 1) Mail order ads which don't list prices but say “call.” From England (or anywhere in Europe) this becomes an expensive proposition. 2) Companies that charge 10-15 per- cent of the price of the merchandise to ship to an APO/FPO. 3) Companies that will not ship to an APO. Why should we deal with a company when we return to the states when that company doesn’t want to deal with us while we're overseas? John R. West PO Box 3004 APO NY, NY 09127 Insurance Software Can you put me in touch with any Apple II Plus owners who have any experience with software designed for fire and casualty insurance agen- cy applications other than rating? For example, customer profiling, word processing, accounts receiv- able, and diary/follow-up to name a few. Gil Coan, Jr. Brevard Insurance Agency Inc. PO Box 668 Brevard, NC 28712 Program Flicker I am using Applewriter with a Videx Videoterm 80-column board and a Videx pre-boot disk. The sys- tem works just fine except the display on our Apple Monitor III is unaccept- able because it becomes streaked each time a key is pressed. T called Videx on this and the ex- pert there told me that this is the result of the way the Apple program is written. I believe the Videx man is correct and the problem is in the soft- ware and not the hardware. My frustration with this problem is not so much that its solution will no doubt require money, although that doesn’t exactly thrill me, but that, having read every software review of word processors for the Apple that I can get my hands on, I have never en- countered any mention of problems with the display or comparisons of the extent to which the various pro- grams “flicker” while typing. But I know this problem exists; I am look- ing at it right now. Help! Lawrence S. Pratt RFD 1 Box 40 Housatonic, MA 01236 Courseware Checklist A big problem Bob and I, as educators, are having right now is finding an acceptable instrument (a checklist if you will) and other perti- nent information regarding the evaluating of courseware. We would like to see articles of this nature in the inCider. Mrs. Patricia Colp RR 1, Box 32 Elkville, IL 62932 12 Volt Computer Power? I live on a 37-foot motorsailor and it is not always possible to run my Ap- ple on 110 power. Do you have a sug- gestion on how to run my computer on 12 volts? Tatiana Horowitz PO Box 1139 Port Salerno, FL 33492 Apple III Game Playing I am a fluent Basic programmer and very much enjoy the power of Apple III Business Basic. However, sometimes I like to just relax and play afew computer games. But the Apple III doesn’t play games, people say. Yes it does—in Apple II emulation mode. This mode allows the Apple III to run all Apple II programs not requiring a language card (for exam- ple, Pascal programs). With one exception the Apple II emulation mode works perfectly. That one exception is when using joysticks—both Apple joysticks and TG joysticks. The joysticks work just fine on the Apple III in its native mode, but poorly with the current version of the emulation mode. The problem is the top button doesn’t re- spond. Remember, this is only a soft- ware problem and can be solved in a future version of the emulation mode, Other than the joystick prob- lem, the Apple II emulation mode works excellently. Dan Kunesh 108 Marie Drive Downers Grove, IL 60516 Don’t Do It All This is something that beginners might keep in mind. Decide what it is you want to do with your computer and learn that phase. If you want to learn to program in Basic, then de- vote your time to that. If you want to learn graphics or word processing for instance, master those areas and then move on to others. With all there is to do with computers these days, it’s just not possible to master everything at once. I tried that a while back and ended up knowing a little about a lot of subjects, and not very much about any of them. Walter J. Stall USACIL-Pacific APO SF 96343 Blank Lines I wrote an Applesoft program which does direct access reads to disk (DOS 3.3) using PRINT CHR$(13) + CHR8$(4) +‘*READ FILE.NAME,R”;X where X is the record number, followed by an INPUT state- ment. After each read, I usually print a report line on my printer (a Micro- line 83A behind a serial 1200 baud C.C.S. 7710A interface card). All of this seems to be working fine until I put in program logic to exclude from printing some of the disk records—at which time I get a blank line printed for each disk record read, examined and skipped. Ihave tried several things to elimi- nate this. I took out the CHR$(13) but DOS began to act strange. I tried a 18 Gider June 1983 Letters. PR#0 before the disk read and a PR#1 after. I played around with semicol- ons at the end of each print state- ment, etc, Any constructive sugges- tions would be appreciated. Michael R. Bishop PO Box 21730 Shreveport, LA 71120 Replacing Epson’s MX100 Ribbon When the ribbon on my Epson MX100 printer wore out, I thought I would buy a new one and replace it. “ The whole cartridge costs about $35. I took the cartridge out of my printer and examined it. To replace the ribbon, all I needed was ¥2 inch by about 10 yards of ribbon with no ends (continuous). I bought a regular nylon typewriter ribbon for about $2.50 and, after cutting the ends off, spliced the ends together with an iron-on material used for patches and threaded it into my printer cartridge. Mission accomplished. $32.50 saved. Jerry F. Mahaffey 2 Yeaton Place Haverill, MA 01830 Joystick Problems T recently bought a Kraft Precision Joystick for my Apple II Plus system. (Kraft Inc, 450 W. California Ave., Vista, CA 92083.) I expected the values given on the X and Y axes (i.e., PDL(0) and PDL(1)) to represent the relative position of the stick, with value ranging linearly from 0 to 255. However, this is not the case. When the joystick gets to the lower left side of the controller, things go haywire with the Y axis, The values of the Y axis (PDL(1)) go berserk. They should increase to 255, but they mysteriously drop to 0 then return rapidly to 255. I took my joystick back to the dealer and got a new one which worked the same way. Do all joysticks work this way? Dean G. Huffman 190 West Broad St. Stamford, CT 06902 Documentation Research We are currently collecting data in support of a Masters Degree research project involving documentation for computer systems. Our goal is to develop a method writers can use when they are preparing computer support documentation so the end product is easy to understand, simple to use and clear to the reader. We will be attempting to overcome the current problems of documentation that get in the way of the user rather than helping. If anyone can help us please send correspondence to: P.V. Callamaras or R. Beard AFIT/LSH Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45344 Circle 373 on Reader Service card. Voice Machine Communications Inc. FEATURES No application programming necessary Near perfect recognition 98%+ Unlimited vocabulary using eighty word/phrase subsets Recognizes anybody's voice Multi-lingual recognition Allows simultaneous input of voice and keyboard APPLICATIONS The VIM is designed to add voice input to ANY existing Apple II application: VOICE INPUT MODULE for Apple II® & Apple H-E® * Word Processing + Programming * Data Input and Retrieval + Measurement, Inspection + Education and Testing + Business + Control Systems + Graphics + Games and Entertainment + Industrial Automation —_« Aid for Handicapped VIM FOR APPLE II CONTAINS: Voice Input Module 2020C with: + 16 channel audio spectrum analyzer + 6803 high speed microcomputer + 8K Bytes of RAM, 4K Bytes of ROM Voice Utility Diskette with: + Vocabulary builder/editor —_* Recognition software + Prompting vocabulary trainer Vocabulary tester Microphone, Users Manual, cables and connectors. DESCRIPTION The VIM converts spoken words to commands or data for your application programs. The Voice Input Module has unexcelled spoken word recognition accuracy at an un- matchable price For ordering or information contact: VOICE MACHINE COMMUNICATIONS, INC. 1000 S. Grand Avenue, Santa Ana, CA 92705 Phone (714) 639-6150 ® Trade Mark Mastercard Visa Accepted Dealer Inquiry Invited. June 1983 Cider 19 ab out Its time. It’s about cutting programming time by 60% or more, when you work with high level business or technical software on the Apple II and Apple Ile. Imagine how nice it will be to have a hardware/ software combina- tion that instantly cuts both proces- sing and disk I/O time, without tax- ing your patience or draining your computer. Time is money and with your investment in vital hardware/soft- SV/TAMILL STELLATION TWO: The Lobero Building Box 2342 : Santa Barbara, CA 93120 (805) 966-1140 - Telex 658439 Dealer inquiries welcomed. Send for our free brochure, 20 Eider June 1983 literally run itself while processing and ware probably exceeding $3000, we help reduce costs by speeding programs up to 2!4 times or more. That's what we do for programs like PFS:FILE and many more. It’s about time for VITAMILL.™ Introducing the second generation co-processor board with Invisible Opti- mizer™ software. Designed to you run with faster I/O delivery. Suggested retail $449.00. Other compatible programs include: Apple Graphics & Senior Analyst from Apple Computer, DSS/F-Addison Wesley, Business Software from Denver Software, Broderbund, State of the Art, Software Publishing and Versaform from Applied Software Tech. . PFS is a trademark of Software Publishing. Apple is a trademark of Apple Computer Corp. Circle 67 on Reader Service card. Applewatch edited by John P. Mello, Jr. BUSINESS Ee SSS SRS 7 29 Oo NS Re aR ee EG The Few, the Proud Lisa charges into business market with a few good dealers. \ A! it needs is a few good deal- ers, That’s Apple Computer Inc.’s strategy for selling Lisas. The Cupertino, CA, firm is taking a fine-tooth comb to some 1300 deal- ers to find about 130 of them to sell its highly-touted micro based on Motor- ola’s 16-bit 68000 microprocessor. According to Computer Systems News, many authorized dealers de- scribed the move as a switch from Apple's traditional method of select- ing retailers. While some dealers criticized Ap- ple’s program as too selective, the newspaper reported, others said it is essential for Apple to ensure quality sales and support for the system an- nounced in January. Company officials reportedly said the reduced dealer base will enable the firm to ensure top quality after- the-sale service, an element they be- lieve is crucial to Lisa’s success. One industry observer noted the selective approach may be Apple’s way of countering problems it experi- enced with its Models II and III. Those products were widely distrib- uted and often fell into the hands of discounters, who slashed prices but offered no service. To compete with the discounters, authorized dealers cut their prices at the expense of pro- viding follow-up service. In addition to the “select 130,” some 100 national sales representa- tives, who work directly from Apple’s corporate headquarters, will be sell- ing Lisas to companies earning more than $120 million. Apple doesn’t ex- pect the national sales people to in- terfere with sales by its select retail- ers, office market manager Joy Mc- Cully told Iso World. During phase one of the selection process, Apple chose 130 to 150 deal- ers as “information centers.” The centers, picked by Apple's regional field personnel, were asked to send Apple financial statements as well as business plans devised for the Lisa, McCully said. She added, both items will be evaluated before the final dealer selection is made. Stores chosen to sell Lisa will be called Personal Office System deal- ers, McCully noted. Candidates for the Lisa select, Iso World reported, must have an on- call sales force, on-site repair service, the ability to provide staff and end- user training, and a comprehensive business plan for Lisa—including selling to large corporations. Many dealers supported Apple’s decision to make a careful selection of Lisa dealers in order to safeguard Lisa’s image within the corporate community and monitor its dealers’ ability to support and service its needs. “There are many computer stores which are not prepared or do not want to offer the kind of support ser- vice that a computer like Lisa de- mands,” Michael Gronholm, presi- dent of New Day Computing Com- June 1983 Cider 21 Applewatch pany of Portland, OR, told Comput- er Systems News. He added, “Many would give the corporate customer asking for details about Lisa a blank stare.” Apple’s McCully said one prereq- uisite of becoming a Lisa dealer is the ability to make outside sales calls to corporate professionals, with or without the assistance of the national accounts sales force. Dealers, too, perceived this to be a vital element of their sales effort. One dealer told Computer Systems News: “When we first opened stores, we thought we could use gentle persua- sion and a little advertising to get the corporate customers to come into our stores. We have learned over the years that the kind of customer that will be interested in Lisa will expect us to go out to see them. Apple wants to make sure its Lisa dealers know how to communicate on that level.” McCully said Apple requires deal- ers carrying Lisa to designate people to sell the machine and recommends those employees undergo a three-day account penetration strategies course, which covers sales techniques for corporate accounts. That would be in addition to the traditional three-day Apple retail seminars and product information classes already provided by Apple, McCully explained. Two weeks ago, Apple held three- day seminars in Dallas, Cupertino and New York to provide product in- formation training for personnel at the Lisa Information Centers. In addition, as is standard operat- ing procedure with Apple products, dealers are required to have service personnel undergo special service training. McCully said that Lisa’s spare- parts kit will most likely be more ex- pensive than those provided for its other products, but that Apple is working on special financial pro- grams to assist dealers in these purchases. Dorothy Jablonka, president of Computer Madness in Englishtown, NJ, said she believes Apple is making a grave mistake. “TI think Apple is going the wrong route with Lisa,” she said. ““They are being selective because they think it’s going to be a hard sell, but I think it’s going to be an easy sell. I could readily take on the commit- ment. A lot of dealers may be saying negative things about Lisa, but I think it’s just sour grapes. I would love to have it in my store.” Apple’s view of what kind of sell Lisa will be is based more on studies done by industry analysts than the enthusiasm of dealers like Jablonka. A study of 200,000 companies in the United States by Creative Strate- gies of San Jose, CA, showed corpo- rate computer purchasers are un- willing to spend more than $5000 for a work station, including terminal, keyboard and software. A similar study of Fortune 1000 companies by the Yankee Group in- dicated the majority of firms were unwilling to budget more than $7000 for an office computer system. Lisa’s $10,000 pricetag exceeds the maximum figures in both those studies. LARD RY aS eS New Mother for Ie nitial Apple Ile buyers may soon be taking their new machine to a dealer for an upgrade. All Tes shipped after February contain a revised “motherboard.” With the revised board—called the Rev. B—plus a special card and some hardware modifications, Ie users can generate a “Super High- Res” graphics mode with twice the horizontal resolution of standard Apple hi-res. According to InfoWorld, Apple is downplaying the upgrade, treating it as “routine.” “Six months between revisions is par for the course,” the newspaper was told by George John- son, Apple Ile product manager. (Apple began cranking out the Iles in volume last October.) He added users may even see a Rev. C mother- board before the end of this year. Initially, few people will want the upgrade, Apple contends, since there’s no existing software for the new hi-res graphics. Johnson added: “We don’t expect a big stampede be- cause it’s frankly a pain to go into your dealer and have to swap moth- erboards. Unless you really need some of this stuff you're not going to bother doing it.” “Over time we expect to see every- body end up with a Rev. B or higher, unless they're perfectly happy with their Rev. A,” Johnson told Info- World. “What we're saying is, you were one of our first Apple customers, Revised motherboard yields super hi-res graphics. and we want to give you a feature if you need it, but we're not going to give it to you if you don’t need it.” A user needs an extended 80-col- umn card to run Super Hi-Res. Those cards cost $295 and have 64K more RAM than the $125 80-column card. To use the card with Super Hi- Res, users must also attach an extra jumper connecting two pins on the card, That jumper is supplied with the extended card. Johnson explained users with A boards will have to show dealers the extended 80-column card as proof they intend to use Super Hi-Res. Then Apple will replace the board free of charge. This policy will be in effect indefinitely. 22 Eider June 1983 Applewatch However, Johnson noted that af- ter six months, if nobody’s coming in with Rev. A’s, Apple may charge $20 or $30 labor to replace the board. Apple will also replace the A board free if it interferes with use of slot 7. Red-green-blue monitors us- ing that slot won’t work with an A board, Johnson explained, because of design differences between the Apple II Plus and Ile. He explained Apple began pro- duction of the Ile at its Dallas, TX, facility while the B board was still in the testing stage. Apple decided to ship the first month’s worth of Iles, he said, with the A boards in them, rather than delay introduction of the machine. Apple would not disclose how many Iles it shipped with A boards. However, InfoWorld indicated the figure to be about 24,000. Full-screen low-resolution graph- ics for the Ile are 40 blocks by 40 blocks. In normal hi-res mode, they are 200 by 192. Super Hi-Res, previ- SORTA] GE en a eee Apple He Standard four colors may become 16 with Super Hi-Res. ously achieved only by fancy soft- ware, is 560 by 192. Johnson told Info World Super Hi- Res improves the look of diagonal lines and other shapes on the screen that use “stair stepping” to simulate those lines. A special toggle using the game- paddle port allows users to switch between normal and Super Hi-Res modes. The new hardware may also sup- port another desirable feature for the Ie. Johnson said software devel- opers believe there is a way to ex- pand the Ile’s present four colors in normal hi-res to 16 colors using the expanded 80-column card. Softscribes Spurning Lisa Traditional writing corps looking for greener pastures. [ raditional writers of software for Apple computers may spurn Lisa, according to a report ap- pearing in Iso World, but minicom- puter and UNIX writers may pick up the slack. Some Apple software writers told the newspaper they'd shy away from developing products for the firm’s flagship machine. Factors in their decision included uncertainty over sales volume and competition with the Lisa’s bundled applications. Many said they’d already made commitments to develop software for machines with large numbers of existing owners. Uppermost in their minds is mar- ket size. Even by Apple’s optimistic estimates, only 10,000 machines will be installed by the end of the year. For many firms writing Apple II programs, that figure has led to de- cisions to hold off—temporarily or permanently—on software projects for the Lisa. The newspaper explained devel- opers—geared to markets where machines are delivered in six-figure quantities—look at the projected sales for the Lisa with dismay. To be profitable, Lisa applica- tions packages would have to sell for considerably more than packages for mass-market machines like the IBM Personal Computer, software execu- tives told Iso World. Software prices, though, are com- ing down, causing some vendors to wonder if they will be able to con- vince the customer to pay top dollar for software. “The market isn’t tried yet, and I'd prefer not to take a bath,” Bruce Hevert of Stoneware, San Rafael, CA, told one reporter. “IBM is out there and there are so many other computer companies out there. “The industry is saturated with other manufacturers who provide the user better aftersale support than Apple. If they can sell between 8000 and 10,000 it might be okay, but the IBM has a mass market and is well- supported. The Lisa is not as big a market.” Ed Magnin, president of the Tele- phone Software Connection, a Tor- rence, CA, supplier of Apple II soft- ware, told Iso World programs sell- ing for $500 to $1000 on the Apple II might cost “three to 10 times as much” if written for the Lisa. “And if the market is that small,” he asked, “who is there to sell it to?” Some traditional Apple software June 1983 Cider 23 Applewatch: houses, however, are committed to developing software for the Lisa. A surprising commitment, the news- paper said, has come from VisiCorp, surprising because last fall that en- terprise announced its VisiOn, a product that competes with Lisa’s “electronic desktop” front end. The weekly said Apple is counting heavily on application support from independent developers. It hopes about 90 percent of the applications software will come from that source, one Apple executive told the newspaper. Apple’s expectations may be met, but by software writers for Lisa’s two alternate operating systems, CP/M and Xenix. And more applications are expect- ed to filter down from an entirely new source—minicomputer, super- minicomputer, and mainframe soft- ware suppliers. Iso World reported the UNIX marketplace is expected to provide applications for the Lisa. Two ver- sions of UNIX are available for the Lisa—Xenix from Microsoft Corp., and UniPlus+ from Unisoft—and applications already exist for those systems. Microsoft's Mark Usino, Xenix product marketing manager, told the newspaper that the complexity of the Lisa native interface may cause developers to shy away from it, making the UNIX marketplace a logical source of software. “T think that as far as traditional business applications are concerned, the vast bulk of them will come by way of the Xenix operating system, migrating from the Altos or Fortune machines,” he said. Other developers consider Lisa to be more in a minicomputer class than a microcomputer. “It’s definitely a product for our marketplace,” John Carrington, marketing vice president for State of the Art Inc. in Costa Mesa, CA, told one reporter. “After ten years in the minicomputer environment, the Lisa has a lot of things we're used to.” Carrington said his firm will “support the Lisa” with accounting packages. a} Apple’s software stalwarts Will they be turning their backs on Lisa? Carrington also predicted mar- keters of minicomputer software would be able to bring software from environments like Digital Equipment Corporation or Data General Corporation to Lisa. Development of packages run- ning under the Lisa’s own operating system will come more slowly, due to its complexity, and to a lack of machines in the hands of developers, software executives told Iso World. @ LAW EE Apple Asks Feds to Crack Down on Knock-Offs Micro maker claims copy-cats will cut into IIe market. Awe Computer Inc. has filed a complaint with the Interna- tional Trade Commission urging it to ban computer imports Apple claims violate its patents and copyrights. According to the Electronic News, the petition seeks to widen the au- thority of the U.S. Customs Service to seize computers at ports of entry. Customs has been confiscating al- leged knock-offs since last summer on the basis of copyright violations (inCider, January 1983, p. 22). The Apple petition claims the mar- ket for its Apple Ile will be “effec- tively destroyed” unless imports of counterfeit models are brought to a swift halt. In Hong Kong and Taiwan, Apple said, counterfeit Apples caused sales of real Apples to become sporadic and Apple’s market share deteriorat- ed rapidly. The Cupertino, CA, en- terprise argues it faces the same dan- ger in the United States if work-alike imports aren’t stopped. “Respondents are able to charge low prices since they have copied and stolen Apple’s technology and have made absolutely no investment of their own,” the petition alleges. “Foreign counterfeiters have the capacity to produce nearly 20,000 counterfeit Apple II computers per month,” Apple explained in the petition. Apple filed its charges under spe- cial provisions of the nation’s trade laws. Those provisions allow the commission to ban imports it deems “unfair.” Only a White House veto can reverse such a ruling. Normally, a commission investiga- tion takes up to a year to complete, but Apple urged the panel to conduct a preliminary probe and order an im- mediate temporary crackdown while its more detailed study is under way. Cited as respondents in the Apple petition were a wide range of firms located in Taiwan and Hong Kong as well as several in this country and one in Switzerland. Several of these companies already are being sued by Apple for alleged patent and copyright infringement, 24 Cider June 1983 LAZER MAZE genie as: Aso —— | ee Goes ee DS eeeoh YOU AGAINST THE CLOCK You are suddenly thrust into a huge arena filled with mirrors. Then you're given a laser pistol and told to keep a sharp eye on the numerous reflective shields. Somewhere else in the arena is your opponent. You're pitted against time as you calculate your shot. Once fired, the colorful laser beam bounces from one mirror to the next. Did you aim correctly? Were you fast enough? Or did you only give away your position, opening you to attack from your opponent -- LAZER MAZE. Available for your _ Apple™, Atari™, Vic 20™, Com- modore™, IBM PC™ or TI-99™ computer. $29.95 IMES THE EXCITEMENT FROM AVANT-GARDE CREATIONS, INC. HI-RES COMPUTER BETTER THAN THE REAL THING Who needs rain and sore feet? This golf game allows you to sit back and enjoy all the excitement and skill of pro-courses while actually improving your real golf game. The three courses are taken from existing sites. The fairways are true-to-scale. There are lakes, trees, sand traps and roughs. The greens are even contoured! And there is a variable wind factor. You select your clubs just as you would in a real game and you control your own swing. (Auto-swing selection can also be used.) Watch for additional Pro Courses disks to expand this pro- gram. So why just stand there? Get seated and start to enjoy! HI-RES COMPUTER GOLF 2 -- even better than before. Available for your Apple™. NEW $34.95 NOW AVAILABLE AT YOUR LOCAL COMPUTER STORE TRIPLE ARCADE INSANITY 3 COMPLETE GAMES Alien Onslaught, Galactic Con- querors and Andromeda Blitz . . . each more difficult than the last. You must destroy the aliens at all levels but beware, it can take up to six direct hits to eliminate them. Fire in multiple directions as you control your craft through space. Joystick, paddles, or keyboard controls allow you to command at will. Can you handle this trilogy of high speed, hi- res arcade games? TRIPLE ARCADE INSANITY. Available now for your Apple™. NEW $29.95 and by calling AVANT-GARDE CREATIONS, INC. Circle 39 on Reader Service card. at (503) 345-3043 x* ASK YOUR DEALER TO SHOW YOU THE ENTIRE AVANT-GARDE CATALOG * AVANT-GARDE CREATIONS, INC., P.O. Box 30160, Eugene, Oregon 97403 June 1983 Eider 25 ‘Applewatch and the brief submitted to the com- mission listed a string of further liti- gation both in the United States and in New Zealand, Australia, Holland, Switzerland, South Africa, Italy and West Germany. Apple’s brief noted its “close co- operation” with the U.S. Customs Service to track down copyright vio- lators. Apple claimed at least 500 counterfeit computers and compo- nents have been “seized, detained or released” so far by Customs. Meanwhile Apple imitators con- tinue to introduce their products into the market. Syscom Inc. of Provo, UT, an- nounced a 64K Apple II work-alike for $869 with hi-res graphics and switchable 110/220 power supply. The firm said the 6502 micropro- cessor in the micro allows it to run programs written for the Apple and Franklin computers. And Computer Systems Interna- tional of Arlington, VA, is market- ing a $700 Taiwanese micro called the Mind II, which it claims is 100 percent compatible with the Apple TI Plus. Chains Complain The company claims its micro doesn’t infringe on any Apple copy- rights or patents. Michael Bahniuk, the firm’s marketing manager, told InfoWorld: “We don’t want to be confused with cheap Apple look- alikes from the Far East. Our prod- uct is manufactured exclusively for us, and we have strict quality con- trol. And we have a different power supply and board design from the Apple computer.” At $695 for a 48K version, the Mind II undercuts a major Apple work-alike, the Franklin Ace 1000. li BUSINESS Av needs to fine-tune its dealer relations due to a recent trend allowing computer chain stores to gobble up more and more of the micro market. According to a report in Computer + Software News, Apple’s indepen- dent reps may be creating problems for chain stores that may cost the Cupertino firm retail outlets. The reps work in geographic re- gions, visiting independent stores, the newspaper explained, and are unable to deal with a chain with stores all over the landscape. “We haven't been able to talk to Apple,” Warren Winger, chairman of CompuShop in Richardson, TX, told the industry weekly. “They aren’t set up to communicate with chains.... And we're the only chain [not franchised] they have.” “We have stores in four geographic regions—Dallas, Houston, Denver and Chicago,” CompuShop Vice President for Merchandising Joe Har- mon said. “Apple has sales reps for each of those regions, but they call on store managers...our managers don’t make decisions. We make decisions Dr. Portia Isaacson “There's a shift to owned chains and franchise stores... The trend is accelerating.” at headquarters. They're talking to the wrong people.” The newspaper said CompuShop’s inability to persuade Apple to deal with corporate headquarters may cost the chain Lisa. Is Apple ill-equipped to deal with chain stores? The communications breakdown between Apple and CompuShop (currently carrying only Apple and IBM) has been so frustrating that Harmon quipped he may set up a staff designed solely to deal with Apple. A seminar held by Future Com- puting—a Richardson, TX, market research firm—disclosed statistics showing single-location computer - specialty stores declining in market share from 35 percent to 29 percent from the second quarter of 1982 to the first quarter of 1983. And Future Computing’s Presi- dent and Chief Executive Officer Dr. Portia Isaacson observed, “There’s a shift to owned chains and franchise stores... The trend is accelerating.” Can Apple afford to ignore this trend? the newspaper asked. The an- swer was clear to one industry ob- server: “Apple may be 30 percent or more of sales at a chain like Compu- Shop, but they may also be 80 per- cent of the chain’s problem’s.... With IBM and TI in the market, a re- tailer with those problems might look to put Apple out to pasture.” 26 Eider June 1983 Introducing the Most Powerful Business Software Ever! TRS-80™ (Model I, Il, III, or 16)¢ APPLE™ e IBM™ e OSBORNE™e CP/M™e XEROX™ GENERAL LEDER? VERSA LEDGER The VERSABUSINESS’ Series Each VERSABUSINESS module can be purchased and used independently, or can be linked in any combination to form a complete, coordinated business system. VERSARECEIVABLES™ $99.95 ‘VERSARECEIVABLES™ is a complete menu-driven accounts receivable, invoicing, and monthly statement-generating system. It keeps track of all information related to who ‘owes you or your company money, and can provide automatic billing for past due ac- ‘counts, VERSARECEIVABLES™ prints all necessary statements, invoices, and summary reports and can be linked with VERSALEDGER II™ and VERSAINVENTORY™, VERSAPAYABLES™ 98 \VERSAPAYABLES™ is designed to keep track of current and aged payables, keeping you in touch with all information regarding how much money your company owes, and to whom. VERSAPAYABLES™ maintains a complete record on each vendor, prints ‘checks, check registers, vouchers, transaction reports, aged payables reports, vendor reports, and more, With VERSAPAYABLES™, you can even let your computer automatically select which vouchers are to be paid. VERSAPAYROLL™ $99.95 \VERSAPAYROLL™ is a powerful and sophisticated, but easy to use payroll system that keeps track of all government-required payroll information. Complete employee records are maintained, and all necessary payroll calculations are performed automatically, with totals displayed on screen for operator approval. A payroll can be run totally, automati- cally, or the operator can intervene to prevent a check from being printed, or to alter information on it. If desired, totals may be posted to the VERSALEDGER II™ system. VERSAINVENTORY™ \VERSAINVENTORY™ is a complete inventory control system, that gives you instant access to data on any item. VERSAINVENTORY™ keeps track of all information related to what items are in stock, out of stock, on backorder, etc., stores sales and pricing data, alerts you when an item falls below a preset reorder point, and allows you to enter and print invoices directly or to link with the VERSA REC /ABLES™ system. VERSAINVENTORY™ prints. all needed inventory listings, reports of items below reorder point, inventory value re- ports, period and year-to-date sales reports, price lists, inventory checklists, etc. ‘(CORMPUTROMNICS: 50 N. PASCACK ROAD, SPRING VALLEY, N.Y. 10977 VERSALEDGER II™ $149.95 VeRSALEDGER II™ is a complete accounting system that grows as your business grows. VERSALEDGER II™ can be used asa simple personal Biekeeok register, expanded to a small business bookkeeping system or developed into a large corporate general ledger system without any additional software. @ VerSALEDGER II™ gives you almost x unlimited storage capacity (300 to 10,000 entries per month, depending on the system), ® stores all check and general ledger information forever, © prints tractor-feed checks, © handles multiple checkbooks and general ledgers, © prints 17 customized accounting reports including check registers, balance sheets, income statements, transaction reports, account listings, etc. VersaLepeer II" comes with a professionally-written 160 page manual de- signed for first-time users. The VERSALEDGER II™ manual will help you become quickly familiar with VersaLeDGER IM, using complete sample data files supplied on diskette and more than 50 pages of sample printouts. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED! Every VERSABUSINESS™ modules guaranteed o outperform al other competitive ayers and ata fraction st, I' you are not satisfied with any VERSABUSINESS™ module, you rit within 30 dae for'a refund Manualsforany VERSABUSINESS™ module maybe purchased for $25 each, credited toward a later purchase of that module. To Order: Write or call Toll-free (800) 431-2818 (N.Y.S. residents call 914-425-1535) * add $3 for shipping in UPS areas * add $5 to CANADA or MEXICO * add $4 for C.0.D. or non UPS areas * add proper postage “a = —- DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME All prices and specifications subject to change / Delivery subject to availabilty * TRS. is a trademark of the Radio Shack Division of Tandy Corp. - *APPLE is a trademark of Apple Corp. - “IBM is a trademark of IBM Corp. ‘OSBORNE is a trademark of Osborne Corp. Circle 66 on Reader Service card. *CP/M is a trademark of Digital Research - *XEROX is a trademark of Xerox Corp. i EQ i. i PHP AGES PABA bi cisieestaecmate cd _ YES, | need THE OPERATOR™ Rush her to me today! Name oem TeIeM*E*C*O-R™ t Four Longfellow Place, P.O. Box 8928, Boston, MA 02114 y Company ar | Address — I City State ZIP. I Phone(s eater 1 Computer — | Cicheck enclosed ($159.95*) 1 Send more information lj *Mass. residents add 5 %sales tax. Shipping & handling included for continental U.S. or Circle 76 on Reader Service card. The Applesoft Adviser by Dan Bishop Adding Special Effects I: this month’s column, I will cover several commands and techniques that you can use to en- liven your screen displays. Many of these you may already be using, but there are some tricks presented here that you may not have seen. In addi- tion, I will pass on some useful tips that have been sent to me by readers of this column. Since I am writing this in mid-February, reader re- sponse has been limited to the first three issues of inCider, so you may wish to pull out your old issues for reference. True, I did promise in my last col- umn to deal with graphics. But judg- ing from some of the letters I have re- ceived, I felt that the topics covered in this article might be more imme- diately useful to a majority of my readers now, and decided to post- pone the graphics article until next month. (You see, I actually do read those letters you write!) My first comment refers to the February issue and to the program listing that appears on page 148. This listing was not originally meant to serve as a complete program, but on- ly as a subroutine to be used by a larger program. However, due to an editorial mix-up, the listing was con- verted to a program by including line 30, GOSUB 1000. Several readers responded that the program did not work properly. The reason, of course, is that after executing line 30, the data entry subroutine at line 1000 was executed, and on return from that subroutine call, the computer executed the line immediately fol- lowing line 30, which was line 1000 again. That is, the computer re-en- tered the subroutine, but this time without a GOSUB command. The re- Address correspondence to Dan Bishop, Custom Comp, PO Box 429, Buena Vista, CO 81211. sulting RETURN WITHOUT GOSUB er- ror is thus explained. Add the fol- lowing line to your listing and this problem will no longer exist: 999 END. And if you think the display in that program seemed pretty plain, try adding some of the special effects that are included in this month’s article. You'll be producing displays and menus that will put the professionals to shame! My next comment is to present a short listing that was inspired by a letter from Kenneth Bryant of East- ern Nazarene College in Quincy, Maine. You may recall that the Jan- uary issue carried a subroutine that could be used to format numeric data so that it could be used for screen display. Kenneth decided there had to be a better way, and after spend- ing part of his Christmas vacation on the project, he came up with a sub- routine that was more efficient and even included commas in large num- ber strings. However, neither his pro- gram nor mine could deal with small numbers which the Apple automati- cally represents in exponential nota- tion (for example, 4.58E-04). So, us- ing his ideas and doing some further work on my own, I am pleased to present Listing 1. (Applause.) As with the January listing, before executing a GOSUB 20, you must set X equal to the value that you are for- 3 SEM LINES 19-37 CONTAIN SUBROUTINE TO CONVERT A NUMBER 2 TO A STRING OF LENGTH Lx AND HAVING Dé DIGITS 3 Ren TO THE RIGHT OF THE DECIMAL, tO USE 14 AND 2, 00 @ 4 REM GOSUE 197 OTHERWISE PREDEFINE L% & D% AND GOSUB 20 5 REM & REM BEFORE USING THE SUBROUTINE, THE LENGTH OF THE STRING THE NUMBER OF DECIMAL DIGITS @ND THE NUMBER TO BE CONVER- (La) MUST BE DEFINED, 8 fen (Diy MUST BE DEFINED, 3 REM TED MUST BE ASSIGNED TO THE VARIABLE x. 10 REN VARIABLE X# 15 RETURNED. 11 REN LEAST 3 DIGITS LONGER THAN Dx, TO ACCOMODATE 12 REM THE SION, LEADING ZERO, 1 REM DX MAY HAVE ANY VALUE FROM @ TO 8. 14 REM CANNOT MAINTAIN ACCURACY IN LAST PLACES DUE TO 15 REM COMPUTER LIMITATION. L¥ SHOULD BE (= 16, 18 GOTO 1200 19 D% Lh = 14 X= INTCK#1O 4 Due. 5) /INTCLO A Dat. 5) ERET 2 Le = CHRECZ2, X= OM) + OO) + Ke REM Lx WILL ALWAYS BE AT AND DECIMAL POINT. SHIK(Q)) + STRECINT CABS OAD) REM L@ CONTAINS THE SIGN AND DIGITS TO LEFT OF DECIMAL PT. iF L% (De + LEN(L&) + 1 THEN Le © De + LENCL®) + 1 X= ABSCX) — INTIAES(K)) + 10 A -CDKe1)¢REM X18 DEC. PART Rem A + OR ~ 1 [8 ADDED TO THE NUMBER TO PREVENT EXPONENTIAL FORMAT. IF ABSOOSL THEN X# © LEFTS."O. 00Me0000", D%+2) GOTO THE LARGER’ VALUES M ROUND & TRUNCATE x REM LINE 27 15 USED ONLY WHEN THE X'S VALUE IS ZERO. XS © MIDS(STRS (AES(X) 1+" 0008QDVO", 2, DX!) 0 xe "+ RIGHTS(XS, DR? L$ + RS: REM X$ NOW CONTAINS BOTH PARTS OF THE NUMBER. IF ARS(VAL(X$))) 599 THEN XS=LEFTS(K®, LEN(L#?-2) + 34 IF ABS(VAL(X$))) 899 THEN X8=LEFTSCXS, LEN(LS)-6) + JS REM LINES 33 AND 34 PLACE COMMAS INTO x8, X$ = RIGHT! “EB LD EREM 16 BLANKS RETURN 1Q0@ INPUT*NUMBER OF DEC. DIGITS: 1@1@ INPUT"TOTAL LENGTH OF STRING: " 1020 INPUT*ENTER NUMBER? "3X $@4@ GOSUB 20 105 PRINT Xs 126@ GOTO 120@ % % Listing 1. Program to illustrate the string formatting of numeric information for print pur- poses. (This listing is a revision of the one that appeared in the January column.) Woe RIGHTS( XS, LEN(RE) #4) + RIGHTS(XS, LEN( RE) +8) June 1983 Cider 29 The Applesoft Adviser matting, using a simple assignment statement such as X = N, or some such. Then, unless you wish to use the default values in line 19 (in which case you execute a GOSUB 19 instead of GOSUB 20), you must provide values for D% (the number of digits to be kept to the right of the decimal point...0 to 8) and L% (the max- imum length of the entire string to be returned, including commas, leading blanks and trailing zeros). This sub- 19 GoTo 1000 15 REN 4 SINGLE KEYSTROKE INPUT ROUTINE #4 16 REM —- REQUIRES RR® TO BE DEFINED AS A STRING THAT CONTAINS 17 REM EACH OF THE ALLOWED RESPONSES, THE ROUTINE USES R, 1G REM RR, RB AND RRS. IT RETURNS RS, THE SPECIFIC RESPONSE, 19 REN AND RR, A NUMBER CORRESPONDING TO RE'S PLACE IN RR. 20 GET R$: POKE -1E6S, 0 21 RRO 22 FOR Rel TO LENCRRS) IF RS = MIDSCRRS, Ri 1) THEN RR=Rt RELENCRRS) THEN 20 TRG" wes RETURN THIS ROUTINE CAN BE COMPRESSED INTO THREE LINES BY COMBINING LINES 20-23 INTO LINE 20, LINES 24-25 INTO LINE 21, AND MAKING LINE 26 LINE 3S REM 4s CENTER LINE ON DISPLAY ROUTINE wm 36 REM THIS ROUTINE WILL CENTER A GIVEN LINE OF MATERIAL, 37 REM DEFINED AS L$, ON THE CURRENT CURSOR’S LINE. IT 38. REM WILL NOT ISSUE _& LINE-FEED AFTER PRINTING. 39 REM THE ROUTINE USES L$ AND L. QL = INTCCAO-LENCLS))/2*.5)2 IF LOL THEN Let 41 HTAE Lt PRINT Lest RETURN, 4S REM wre THIS ROUTINE CENTERS A EOX ON THE TEXT SCREEN, +0 4E REM THE ROUTINE USES BS, E, BH, EV AND SUBROUTINE 42, 47 REM BH DEFINES THE LENGTH OF THE BOX, INCLUDING EDGES. 4 REM BV DEFINES THE HEIGHT OF THE BOX, INCLUDING EDGES. 49 REM THE TOP EDGE OF BOX WILL BE AT CURSORS CURRENT LINE, SO BS = LEFTSc" 51 L$sB8! INVERSE: GOSUB GO: NORMAL! PRINT 52 FOR B=2 TO BV-1 53 PRINTTAB(L) 7 INVERSE: PRINT” “s:NORMAL! PRINT SPC(BH-2) 3+ INVERSE! PRINT" :NO “SEHD MAL 54 NEXT B SS INVERSE! GOSUB 42! NORMAL: PRINT 56 RETURN 59 .REM ww TIMING LOOP SUBROUTINE ex GQ FOR PAUSE = 1 TO 2000: NEXT PA: RETURN 1000 HOME 1012 VTAB 3: L€ = “PRESS THE KEY THAT CORRESPONDS": GOSUB 4a 1820 PRINT: 6 = "TO YOUR SELECTION. ": GOSUB 4Q: PRINT:PRINT 1030 BH = 2B: BV = 1@: GOSUE 50 1@49 VTAB 8: U6 =" (A) ADD ACCOUNTS. . 1250 GOSUE 4a 1@6@ VTABS: L6 =" (€) EDIT ACCOUNTS, = * 1072 GOSUB 4a 1@80 VTAB 10: L$“ (D) DELETE ACCOUNTS. ~ 1230 GOSUB 4a 1102 VTAB 11: L8= " <L) LIST ACCOUNTS, =~ 4110 GOSUB 4a {115 VTAB 121 ($= " (S) SELECT AN ACCOUNT.” 1120 GOSUB 4@ 1130 VTAB 13: L6= "(END THE PROGRAM. * FLASH: L# = “CHOICE. BOSUE 42: NORMAL EDLSK": GOSUB 20 ON RR GOSUB 2020, 3002, «oa, SoD, GOOD, 1200 GOTO 1020 HOME VTAB 12: BH = 15+ VTAB ta: Ls VTAB 20: END REM ADD ACCOUNTS SUBROUTINE GOES HERE, HOME: VTAB 12: L$ = “eee ADD ACCOUNTS +e" BOSUE 42: GOSUB E® RETURN REM EDIT ACCOUNTS SUBROUTINE GOES HERE. HOME? VTAB 12: L# = "ees EDIT ACCOUNTS #44" BV = 5: GOSUB SO = "wet END oteen: GOSUE ae 3026 GOSUB 40: GOSUB 60) 3010 RETURN 40@0 REM DELETE ACCOUNTS SUBROUTINE GOES HERE. 4Q@5 HOME: VTAB 12 L$ = "wee DELETE ACCOUNTS #4" 4006 GOSUE 42: GOSUB EO 4O10 RETURN 3020 REM LIST ACCOUNTS SUBROUTINE GOES HERE, SO@S HOME: VTAB 12? L$ = “eee LIST ACCOUNTS #44" S006 GOSUE 40: GOSUB EO 5010 RETURN 6200 REM SELECT AN ACCOUNT SUBROUTINE GOES HERE 605 HOME: VTAB 12: L$ = “sew: SELECT AN ACCOUNT m4" 6006 GOSUE 49: GOSUB GO BO10 RETURN Listing 2. Program to illustrate special effects in screen displays and menu prompts. routine then returns X$ as the string that contains the properly rounded and formatted number string, right- justified and ready for printing. The trick to retaining decimal for- mat for small numbers is to adda +1 or —1 to the number (depending on its sign). This forces the computer to maintain decimal format. The result- ing number is converted to a string, and then only the decimal portion is used. If these numbers are the only type you will encounter, Listing 1 may be shortened by deleting lines 21, 31, 32, 33, 34, and 35 and adding: 31 X$ = “0.” + RIGHTS(X$,D%) This changes the subroutine so that it deals strictly with numbers whose absolute value is less than 1. Another comment needs to be add- ed for the March article (where do these bugs come from!). Line 340 of the listing for the databook program has an extra comma. That line should read: 340 PRINT TM$, AP$ Also, by now you probably know that a POKE 33,33 will remove the left and right margins from a line that is displayed with the LIST command. If this is done before listing a line that needs to be edited, the problems I mentioned at the end of my article on Apple editing are taken care of. When you have finished editing, simply enter the TEXT command and the screen display returns to normal. . HTAB/VTAB Knowing how to position the cur- sor in any desired location on the screen gives the programmer a degree of creative ability in designing screen display, menus, and games. Apple- soft provides cursor control with two easily used commands, HTAB and VTAB. By using these commands, and placing a semicolon after the PRINT statements (so that automatic line feeds that may mess up a screen dis- play are suppressed) the programmer can control screen displays with precision. The screen display for an unmod- ified Apple consists of 40 horizontal positions, or columns, and 24 vertical positions, or rows. For the use of 30 Eider June 1983 The Applesoft Adviser. HTAB and vTAB, the column positions are numbered from 1 to 40 and the row positions from 1 to 24, HTAB is used to position the cursor at a specified column on the screen, serv- ing as horizontal tab. VTAB positions the cursor at a specified row on the screen, serving as a vertical tab. The syntax for the commands consists of the word HTAB or VTAB, followed by the column or row number desired. No equal sign or other punctuation is used.- Once the cursor is located at a given position on the screen, the next PRINT command will begin printing from that location, The INPUT com- mand also functions from the cursor’s current position. Try the following short program. 10 HOME 20 HTAB 20: VTAB 10: PRINT “X”; 30 FOR H =1 TO 40 40 VTAB INT(H/2 + .5): HTAB H: PRINT™.”; 50 HTAB 40 —H: print “*"; 60 NEXT H 70 HTAB 30; VTAB 10: INPUT “?? 80 END Note that the numeric values used with HTAB and VTAB may also be ex- pressions that denote numeric values. Another useful display control is the instruction CALL-958. Using the above example, insert line 75: Xt 75 CALL-958, into the program and run it again. You should note that as soon as you press the return key in response to the INPUT statement the bottom half of the display, from the cursor’s position to the end of that line and everything below it, is erased. Using HTAB and VTAB, you can position the cursor wherever you wish, then execute a CALL-958 and erase everything that follows the cursor to the bottom edge of the screen. Asimilar function is available with CALL-868. This command simply erases the rest of the line following the cursor. This is particularly useful if you wish to edit a data field that is displayed on the screen. Position the cursor at the beginning of that field, do a CALL-868 and then issue another INPUT command. The previous entry will be erased and the new entry will be displayed as it is typed into the same screen location. At times it may be desirable to save a specific cursor location in memory for use later in the program. This can be done easily by peeking at the memory locations which contain the cursor’s current horizontal and ver- tical positions. These are locations 36 and 37, respectively. Unfortunately, the numbers stored at these addresses count columns from 0 to 39 and rows from 0 to 23, so before using these numbers for HTAB or VTAB coor- Circle 76 on Reader Service card. Se CRACKING TECHNIQUES Oy Share the secrets of the world’s greatest crackers. .. 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Box 8928, Boston, MA 02114 1-800-824-7888 ons PIRATES #°" ) PIRATES & HARBOR VOICE: (617) 227-7760 MODEM: (617) 720-3600 ‘Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer Inc. PIRATES HARBOR, INC., P.O, Box 8928, Boston, MA 02114 ee ee ee IC-1 June 1983 Gider 31 en | 51 HTAB 1: 10 DIM MBCA) 20 GOTO 1000 3@ FOR J = 1 TO 30+ NEXT J: RETURN 43 REM tre DRAW BOX ON SCREEN +4: SQ GOSUE SZ: HTAR 1: GOSUB SS: HTAB So: GOSUB 5% VTAE 20: GOSUE 52: RETURN The Applesoft Adviser— 52 INVERSE! PRINT SPCCEH): NORMAL: RETURN INVERSE: PRINT" NORMAL: RETURN SS REM ee HORIZONTAL WINDOW SCROLL ROUTINE #4 150 R= PEEK(-16384)? POKE “1 160 1F RSQ) "K" THEN RETURN 170 POP: RETURN 193 REM we FINAL DISPLAY SEQUENCE ++ 202 FOR 1 = 1 TO 10 260 RETURN 1080 BH = ZBI ML © 261 MH = 292 m= 4 1110 msc2> = "BS YOU CAN SEE, VERY SMALL AMOUNT “THE MESSAGE MAY CONTINUOUSLY THIS MESSAGE WILL 1200 VTAB 19: GOSUB 60 1210 GOSUB 200 : VTAB 185 VITAE 19: VTAB 20: 2 END PRINT SPCCT): PRINT = > PRINT SPCC) + 56 REM MESSAGE STRINGS MUST BE CONTAINED IN MB<(I) ARRAY. 57 REM MIS ® OF ELEMENTS IN ARRAY TO BE DISPLAYED. mL se Ren 18 LENGTH OF LINE ON DISPLAY: fH IS HORIZONTAL 59 REM LINE POSITION) ROUTINE USES Hy f) Jy AND Ty 6@ FOR 1 = 1 TOM: H= 1 70 FOR J = 1 TO LeNcmscr)) Ba HTAB MH - H: PRINT MEDSCMBCI), J-HeL, HF 30 RE H+ it UP Ro mL THEN A= nl 100 FOR T = 1 10 SQ: NEXT 7 110 GOSUE 150 115, HTAB 2 PRINT SPCOHL)s 120 NEXT J 130 NEXT I 14@ GoTo Eo 149 REM swe SINGLE KEYSTROKE KEYBOARD STROKE 44+ 2Q2 RE = CHRBCRY 210 HTAB 2: PRINT 220 GosuB 38 270 HTAB Zi PRINT™ fre THE END ree 2 BDSUB Se 250 NEXT T 999 REM wim MAIN PROGRAM BEGINS HERE soe O19 HOME, 1220 BS = : {O30 HTAR 32! VTAR 16: PRINTMPRESS "5 :FLASHEPRINT™ 1040 HTAB TE: PRINT" TO" 1@5@ HTAB Si: PRINT" CONTINUE” 106 HTAB 1: VTAB 16: GOSUB So 1100 MS(1) = "THIS MESSAGE DEMONSTRATES DOW." + Be A GREAT DEAL OF OF SCREEN SPACE." + BS BE SCROLLED A SINGLE TIME ONLY OR, AS I UNTIL A SPECIFIC KEY I8 SELF Listing 3. Program to illustrate the scrolling horizontal window display technique. 2 REM 30 BLANKS: KX" ENORMAL THE HORIZONTAL SCROLLING TEXT WIN INFORMATION CAN BE DISPL PRESSED." + BS DESTRUCT IN EXACTLY TEN SECONDS, dinates, it is necessary to add 1 to them. The following line can ac- complish this. 1150 MH = PEEK(36) + 1: Qi+1 Later in the program, when you want to reposition the cursor to that location, merely HTAB MH: VTAB MV and the cursor will be in the desired position. Flash/Inverse/Normal One very easy way to brighten up screen displays is to make use of the FLASH and INVERSE commands. Try this very simple program: 10 HOME: HTAB 19: VTAB 12 20 PRINT “P”;: FLASH: PRINT“A’ NORMAL 30 PRINT “N” There you have it, a “Flash in the pan!” Notice the use of the semicolons after each of the PRINT commands to suppress line feeds. This allows you to insert the FLASH, INVERSE, or NORMAL, MV = PEEK commands at will, anywhere in your displayed text. Once the FLASH or INVERSE com- mands have been given, everything displayed on the screen from a PRINT or INPUT command will be displayed as flashing or inverse (black on white background) characters. The only way to get back to normal, non-flash- ing white on black is to execute the NORMAL command. In addition to using FLASH and IN- VERSE to emphasize certain elements in your displayed text, the INVERSE command can be used to create boxes and borders on a text screen by print- ing a blank space while in INVERSE mode. Suppose you wish to underline the word “pan” in the above pro- gram. Add lines 40 and 50: 40 HTAB 19: VTAB 13 50 INVERSE: PRINT“ ”: NORMAL For a different effect, you might substitute “——” or “= = =” for the three blank spaces in line 50. The example in Listing 2 presents a menu display that uses a subroutine to produce a box around the list of options. The word “choice...” is emphasized by making it flash on the screen. This draws the user’s atten- tion to that part of the screen. Some individuals might find such a display distracting, so use the FLASH com- mand with due consideration for the person who is to use the program! Listing 2 also contains a two-line subroutine (lines 40 and 41) which ac- cepts any string containing less than 40 characters (assigned to L$) and centers the string horizontally on the screen. This can be particularly help- ful when displaying short messages or prompts and adds a professional touch. Let the computer do the calculating! Keyboard Input Routines The most common Basic com- mand for enabling information to be entered into the computer’s data pro- cessing cycle from the keyboard is, of course, the INPUT command. In its simplest form, the INPUT statement consists simply of the word INPUT followed by the name of a string or numeric variable. Whenever infor- mation is then typed into the key- board and the return key is pressed, that information is stored in the com- puter’s memory under the name of the specified variable. In cases where more than one data element is to be entered at a certain time, the INPUT command may be followed by a list of variables, sepa- rated by commas. The data entered at the keyboard must correspond in order of entry with the order of ap- pearance of the variables in this vari- able list. In addition, in this situation it is not necessary to press the return key after each entry. As long as the individual data elements are entered consecutively at the keyboard and separated from each other by com- mas, the return key need be pressed only once after all of the data elements have been typed in. For example, if the following IN- PUT statement were to appear in a program: 180 INPUT A, X, A$, M$, F 32 Eider June 1983 I want Now you can speed up your VisiCalc® (and almost everything else your Apple® Ii does) with the Accelerator Il. Just plug in one board, and watch your models re- calculate in less than a third of the usual time! Data bases, Applesoft, Pascal, etc. (even Apple Invaders) run about 3.6 times faster with the Accelerator II “What if... The Accelerator I! is designed for the Apple Il and II Plus. The Accler- ator IIE will be available soon for the Apple IIE. The Accelerator boards are based on a fast 6502 processor with its own memory and built-in, high speed Language Card. The fast 6502 runs in parallel with the Apple's standard 6502. It's like put- ting an extra, faster Apple inside your original Apple For even more VisiCalc power, add a Saturn RAM Board and the VC-Expand software to get more memory, FAST SAVE/FAST LOAD, and VARIABLE COLUMN WIDTH. See your local computer dealer or contact Saturn Systems for more it faster?” details. In Europe, contact Pete and Pam Computers, New Hall Hey Road, Lancashire, UK; Telephone 706-227-011, Telex 635740 PET PAMG VisiCalc is a registered trademark of VisiCorp. Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. ‘The VisiCalc expansion software (VC-Expand, ete.) is wrt ten for Saturn by Micro Solutions, Inc. SATURN SYSTEMS w P.O. Box 8050 3990 Varsity Drive Ann Arbor, MI 48107 1 (313) 973-8422 Circle 81 on Reader Service card. The Applesoft Adviser- then the user of the program could type in the five data elements (in the proper order) one at a time, pressing the return key after element has been typed in, or he could type them in as follows: 18,158, HARRISBURG, JASMINE, 35625.8, and then press the return key. In fact, any combination of the two ap- proaches would also work. As you might imagine, the prob- lem with multiple entry INPUT com- mands is being sure that the appro- priate data element is being entered at the correct time so that it corre- sponds with its own variable name in the input list. In such situations it is a good idea to include a prompt that will be dis- played on the screen immediately be- fore the INPUT statement is executed. A PRINT statement can do the job nicely. For example, with the above set of five data elements we might use the following statement to clarify what input elements were expected, and in what order: 170 PRINT “ENTER AGE, WEIGHT, HOME TOWN,” 171 PRINT “MOTHER‘S NAME, AND AMOUNT EARNED.” On the other hand, simple prompts may be included in the IN- PUT statement itself, as long as the prompt consists of a single literal string (no variables or multiple strings). The following statement il- lustrates this function. 350 INPUT“ENTER YOUR NAME AND AGE. ..”;N$,A Note that the prompt consists of a single message, enclosed by quotation marks, and that the message is sepa- rated from the variables list by a semicolon. The semicolon in this case is required. In the earlier example in which PRINT statements were used for the prompts, a line feed will occur and the data entered at the keyboard will appear on the line below the dis- played prompt with a question mark to elicit a response. In the example in which the prompt is part of the INPUT statement, the cursor will remain on the same line, immediately after the displayed prompt and with no ques- tion mark, so that the information typed in by the user appears on the same line on the display. This effect can be achieved using the PRINT state- ment as well, as long as the statement ends with a semicolon (which sup- presses the linefeed) and the INPUT statement is modified to include a “** (two quotes and a semicolon) be- tween the word INPUT and the variables list. By using HTAB and VTAB to posi- tion the cursor to a desired screen location just before your INPUT com- mand, you can have the data being Circle 269 on Reader Service card. COOSOL COMPUTER PRODUCTS OKIDATA PRINTERS (© OKIDATA 82A, B3A, 848 © OKIDATA 92A, 934, & OTHERS © 824 TRACTOR $55*OKIDATA 80 OTHER PRINTERS @ NEC PC-8023A-C NEC 3550 NEC 3510, 3515, 3530 NEC 7710, 7715, 7730, 7720, 7725 CITOH BS10AP CALL @ 8510ACD C. ITOH 1850 AP CALL# 1550 ACD. CITOH F10-40PU & F10-40RU CITOH F10-55PU & F10-55RU STAR-GEMINI-10 TALLY MT 160L. TALLY MT 1602 MT 1605 TALLY MT 1802 MT 1805 DIABLO 630 and 620 SERIES QUME SPRINT 5 45/RO.KSR & 55/RO.KSR. ANADEX ADX-9500-P, ADX-9501-P COMREX CR-1-S, CR-1-C, CR-1-0 ‘SMITH-CORONA TP-1 BROTHER HR-1 DAISY WRITERS EPSON PRINTERS EPSON FX80, NEW. EPSON MX-80 FT GRAF TRAX PLUS. EPSON MX-100 GRAFTRAX PLUS. MODEMS ® HAYES SMARTMODEM (300 BAUD} HAYES SMART MODEM (300 & 1260 BAUD} RS-232C COMPATIBLE FULL and HALF-DUPLEX OPERATION WITH BOTH TOUCH TONE and PULSE DIALOG AUTO-ANSWER/DIAL/REPEAT COMPLETELY PROGRAMMABLE BUILT-IN AUTO MONITOR TATUS AT A GLANCE DIRECT-CONNECT DESIGN HAYES CHRONOGRAPH NOVATION AUTO-CAT AUTO ANS SANYO COMPUTER © SANYO MBC- 1000 © SANYO MBC-2000 © SANYO MBC-3000 © Above with CPIM, BASIC, and other software . SANYO ACCESSORIES & SOFTWARE OTHER COMPUTERS © COLUMBIA Computer Systems ODS Computer Systems NEC PC-B001A. 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