MacWorld 8405 May June 1984

Picture-Perfect Macintosh Charts Microsoft's powerful new Chart program makes one picture worth a thousand muunbers, Ant in-depth review and tutorial. The Lisa 2 Connection Macintosh Goes to College Working with a Single- Drive Mac SONOF STARWRITER HALF THE SPEED, FOR HALF THE MONEY. Tecmar Inc, BEGINS HERE Ave RIPHERAL me tAcinnasy APPLE JACK™ WINCHESTER Relax with more disk storage. 5 MByte Removable Cartridge Winchester. APPLE FRITTER™ MODEM A delicious addition to your Apple. 300 or 300/1200 baud modem with touch- tone decoding, pulse/tone automatic dialer and full voice interface so all the features of a full-feature telephone and modem are provided in one MacIntosh peripheral. 2 APPLE COBBLER™ PRINT BUFFER To sweeten the end of a job. The user no longer needs to wait fora print- out before beginning to program again, CANDY APPLE™ IEEE488 Interface to the GPIB. For use in industrial control applications. *Trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Above products will be available in the spring of 1984. TEMA 6225 Cochran Road Solon (Cleveland), Ohio 44139-3377 Phone: (216)349-0600 Telex: 466692 ° MACWORLD The Macintosh"Magazine 28 38 48 May/June 1984 Getting Started The Compleat Disk Juggler Andrew Fluegelman These practical work routines will help you use your single-drive Mac more efficiently, Clean Up Your Electronic Desktop Daniel Farber Tips for organizing and managing disks and files on the Mac. Get Info Lon Poole Macworld’s tutor answers questions from readers about the Mac. May/June 1984 52 66 72 86 92 State of the Art The Lisa Connection Lon Poole How Apple retooled the Lisa series and made it compatible with the Mac. Redefining User-Friendly Edited by Daniel Farber The Macintosh user education team discusses the theories behind the ’s manuals and Guided Tours. Review Exploring Microsoft Chart Andrew Fluegelman This in-depth review takes you through the first presentation graphics program to run on the Mac, Macintosh Pascal Preview Lon Poole A look ata new, instant Pascal, the likes of which you've never seen. Macware News Edited by Erfert Nielson Announcements of the latest developments in Macintosh hardware and software. as You've heard that one picture is worth a thousand words. Int this issue, you'll discover that one chart can be worth even more. 96 104 110 116 122 128 136 Hands On Presentation Graphics Primer Steve Lambert Learn how the components of a chart can clarify your thinking and influence your audience. Creating a Custom Chart Format Andrew Fluegelman A tutorial that takes you beyond Chart's preformatted options. How the Macintosh Works Cary Lu An excerpt from The Apple Macintosh Book explains how the Mac processes information. Open Window Edited by Daniel Farber An exchange of Macintosh discoveries. Community The Class of ’84 Jeffrey S. Young The inside story of Apple’s college seeding program that has placed thousands of Macs in classrooms nationwide. The International Macintosh Jonathan Littman Find out why the Mac is the first “international” personal computer. Macworld Gallery Edited by Erfert Nielson An exhibition of Macintosh graphics. 11 12 19 22 143 144 Columns The Macintosh Magazine Andrew Fluegelman The Next Wave David Bunnell Note Pad Charles Spezzano An IBM PC Lover Meets the Mac Letters Macworld View Edited by Janet McCandless News and notes for the Macintosh community. World Events Edited by Erfert Nielson A calendar of regional and national events. Index Advertisers Index Photo/illustration credits Jeffrey Aaronson, 23; Apple Computer, Inc., 22-26, 125; David Bishop, 111; Susan Kare, 39; Ed Kashi, 8, 11, 48, 67, 123; Bruce McAllister, 12; Will Mosgrove, 29; Jeffery Newbury, 26, 68-69, 131, 135; Fred Stimson, cover, 53-60, 128-129; Mick Wiggins, 24. “ReRSEREMSES Unlock the Mac's secret characters and add special graphics to your work. See “Open Window" on page 116, MACWORLD Editorial Editor-in-Chief: Andrew Fluegel Associate Editor: Editorial Manager: Contributing Editors: Steve Lambert, Jonathan Littman, Lon Poole, Jeffrey S. Young Copy Editors; jeffrey Bartle, Erfert Nielson, Evelyn Spire Art & Production Associate Publisher: Jacqueline Poitier Designer: Marjorie Speigelman Senior Production Manager: Frances Mann Assistant Production Manager: Lee R. Trevino Art Director: Bruce Charonnat Editorial Production Manager: Ellyn Hament Associate Designers Monica Thorsnes Design Associates: Darcy Blake, Molly Dennis Mc.cod, ‘Windsor-McLeod, Donna Sharee ‘Rlecommunications Manager: Art Wilcox Adveri sing Traffic Coordinator: Clare Publishing & Sales Publisher: David Bunnell Advertising Sales Manager: Penny Rigby Circulation Associate Publisher: Cheryl Woodard Director Single Gopy Sales: George Clark Subscription Director: Carma Winfrey-Hayes Dealer Sales Manager: Bill Cox Communications Manager: Noreen A. Browning Special Projects Director: Susan Keller Administration Director: janet MeGinni EES Corporate PC World Communications, Inc. David Bunnell Chairman Bartlett R. Rhoades President Andrew Fluegelman Vice President Jacqueline Poitier Vice President Cheryl Woodard Vice President Volume 1, Number 2 May/June, 1984 Macworld™ (ISSN 0741-8647) is published 6 limes a year: February, May/June, July/August, eprember/Octaber, November, and December by PC Workd Communications, Inc., $55 De Haro St,, San Francisco, CA ‘94107. Effective November 1984 Macworld «will be published monthly. Subscription rates for the US. and Canada are $30 for 12 issues, $50 for 24 issues, and $70 for 36 issues. 4 May/June 1984 Canadian orders must be paid in US. funds. Outside the US. and Canada subscriptions must be prepaid in US. funds with additional postage at $12 per 12 issues for surface mail or $60 per 12 issues for airmail. For subscriber service questions call 800/247-5470 (in Lowa 800/532-1272) or we riber Services, PO. Box 20300, Bergenfick, NJ 07621. Application to mail at Second Class pending at San Francisco. POSTMASTER: Send add1 changes to Macworld, PO. Box 20300, Bergenfield, NJ 7621, Editorial and business offices: 555 De Haro co, CA 94107, 415/861-3861. a publication of PC World Apple and Mac are trademarks of Apple ‘Computer, Inc, Macintosh is a traclemark licensed to Apple Computer, Inc. ‘The following are trademarks of PC World Communications, Inc: NotePad, Macware News, Open Window, Macworld Gallery, Macworld View. Macworld is member of the CW Communicationy/ine. group, the world's largest publisher of computer-related information, The group publishes 42 computer publications in 18 major countries jon people read one or more of the ‘group's publications each month. Members ‘of the publication group include: Argentina Computerworld/Argemina, Austra Australasian Computerworld, Micro computer Magazine; Brazil: DataNews, MicroMundo; Denmark: Computerworld! Danmark, MikroData; France: Le Monde Informatique; Germany: Computerwoche, Micro Gomiputerwelt, PC Welt; Waly: Computerworld halia; Japan: Computerworld Japan; Mexico: Computerworld/Mexico; Norway: Computerworld Norge, MikroData, People’s Republic of China: China Computerworld; Saudi Arabia: Saveti Computerworld; Spain: Computerworld! Espana, MicroSistemas, Sweden’ ComputerSweden, MikroDatorn, Min Hemadator; United Kingdom: Computer Management, Computer Business Europe, United States: Computerworld, Desktop Computing, Hot CoCo, InCider, InfoWorld, Micro Markenvorld, Microcomputing, Pi World, 80-Micro. Printed in the United States of America, Copr, ©1984 PC World Communications, Inc. ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° SELLING MR. J.R. WHAT TO EXPECTS You will find many interactions with Mr. J.R. difficult. You are involved with plans and ideas. Mr. J.R. is concerned with his own inadequacies. You perform well under stress while his performance deteriorates markedly. You think up Projects and use initiative to carry them through. He will worry excessively over difficulties and be unable to take action. You welcome the opportunity to be creative and work independently. Mr. 3.R. prefers to work under an authority with daily routing involving concrete details. You enjoy status and monetary rewards. He prefers to be recognized for hard work. Ewercise caution when dealing with this person. Behave in a reserved manner, use @ soft voice and always avoid threats or criticism. Remember, Mr. J.R. is uncomfortable ps. He is a hard worker, da quiet praise. CUSTOMER PREPARATION STRATEBY PREPARE INFORMATION IN DETAIL: You tend to focus on the “big picture" while Mr. J.R. is more concerned with details. Prepare to give a relatively detailed Presentation, The actual amount of detail you present depends on th level of detail Mr. J.R. introduces in the needs analysis phase of your meeting. CUSTOMER CLOSING STRATEGIES I7°S THE LITTLE THINGS: Get your customer to agree on the details and minor points of the sales agreement. It is not neceseary to ever mention the sale itself. “Focus on delivery, service and color choice as a way to close the deal. The reason for using the “it’s the little things" strategy with Mr. J.R. is that he is very sensitive to establishing a sense of agreement. By agreeing, even on a relatively small aspect of your business, he will feml more secure and more ready to close. Additionally, because Mr. J-R. becomes aver~anxious in response to major decisions, working on peripheral details will help him be more relaxed... Personal power in a printout. That’s what Human Edge™ Software gives you (see full story at right). This typical excerpt from The Sales Edge™ gives you specific strategies to make every sales call count. The complete printout is a detailed 3-10 page analysis of your business situation. The Sales Edge is available for the Macintosh® computer. © “wHuman Edge and The Sales Edge are trade- marks of Human Ede Software Corporation »Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Computer Inc. ° ° Introducing Business Strategy Software: Personal power with a stroke of genius. it takes more than hard work to stay on the fast-track. |t-takes personal-power-Power-to communicate. Negotiate. Manage. Power to be a leader. : Personal-power-isn‘t-just-a-job skill-It’s a career necessity. Tactics, not numbers. Introducing Human Edge™ the first soft ware family-that-_builds-your personal.power. Because it helps you manage people, not just words and numbers. Guided.by-a-vast-bank-of-research-on people management, Human Edge asks perti- nent questions about you and those your business.decisions-will-involve..It-can-actually. evaluate the human factors that affect your decisions. And give you the best tactics to stack.those-factors-in-your-favor, Can software get you a raise? It even lets you practice with simulated situations, testing different tactics and com- paring their outcomes.-For.the first.time, your IBM® or Apple® personal computer becomes.an-expert-consultant, preparing you to get exactly what you want. Whether it’s asking for a raise, negotiating a contract, or boosting employee-performance.--- You can’t get personal with a cassette. Human Edge isn’t just the floppy disk version of a one-time seminal, management text.or.cassette. = It’s a highly creative career tool you tailor to your own Management style, your own real-life. problems.To.guide-you.through.the business jungle with step-by-step strategies. In plain English: In minutes: Human.Edge-Business.Strategy Software. Because personal power is the way to make your mark." —~ ‘ - Call.(800).624-5227,.in.California.(800). 824-7325, for the dealer nearest you. It’s the next step on the fast track. TE]. HUMAN EDGE Human Edge Software Corporation, 2445 Faber Place, Palo Alto, CA 94303 The Communi Edge™ Find strengths _and weaknesses, improve performance. ~Edge! group leadership and motivation. skills. TheManagement _T Evaluate and improve supervisory The Sales Edge” _ Sharpen techniques, sensitivity to prospects. dge”™ factors. Develop “how to” plan._ Apple’ new baby has Its called Macintosh’ And it has our brains and a lot of our personality Were called Microsoft? And our part of Macintosh is five new programs that are bright, intuitive, outgoing, understanding and born mur Ree tO perform. onsale nen Maeinnor Our pride, your joy. Taking advantage of Macintosh’ mouse and rich graphics, weve designed software that works like you, even thinks like you. Allour programs share [bcabes : ad the same plain English Microsoft Multiplan Microsoft Chart commands. So what once took days to learn, now takes hours or minutes to learn with Macintosh. Meet the family. Our financial whiz is MULTIPLAN’ an electronic spreadsheet that actually remembers how you work. Even offers suggestions on spreadsheet set-up. When it comes to writing, nothing travels faster Microsoft and Multiplan are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Apple is a registered trademark and Macintosh is a trademark licensed to Apple Computer, In our best features. than our WORD. Using the mouse, it lets you select commands faster than you can say “cheese.’ Our most artistic child is CHART It gives you 40 presentation-quality chart and graphic styles to choose from. FILE is our most manageable child, an advanced personal record management program. MICROSOFT. And BASIC, the language spoken by nine out of ten microcomputers worldwide, is the granddaddy of them all. Now enhanced to take advantage of the —— Macintosh mouse, windows and aphics. Well be adding more J J to the family soon. So Microsoft Word Microsoft File call 800-426-9400 (in Washington State call 206-828-8088) for the name of your nearest Microsoft dealer. Andrew Fluegelman The Macintosh Magazine The Mac lends a hand in publishing. During the days when we were planning this magazine, a num- ber of my publishing and com- puter colleagues asked me whether Macworld would be different from other computer journals. I never hesitated to re- spond affirmatively. Macworld could not help being influ- enced by the unique comput- ing style of the Macintosh; it would certainly be “different.” To be honest, that response came more from my gut than from my head. I could sense the direction a Mac magazine should take, but I knew that any real publishing innovations would have to evolve as we made discoveries about the machine. We did, of course, sit down to create an editorial and graphic structure for Mac- world, but our guiding princi- ple was, “Stay open. See what ideas emerge from playing with the Mac.” Now that we have completed our second iss ve realize that Macworld is already un- like any magazine we've worked on. Some of the new ideas should be apparent as you flip through these pages, but other changes have gone on behind the scenes. As pre- dicted, the prime mover has been the Mac itself. First, the obvious: you'll notice that Macworld is a bit wider than most magazines. We didn’t choose our 9- by 10%- inch format just to be differ- ent—we wanted to have the option of reproducing Mac screens in their full size. And our matte-finish paper has. caught many eyes. The decision to use it was inspired by the clean, black-and-white look of the Mac screen, as well as by our commitment to quality graphic reproduction. Good intentions would be futile without good tools, how- ever. Fortunately, Apple gave us a far ic tool in the Macintosh and, in particular, the Mac's “snapshot” system. Reproduc- ing screen images on previous computer systems was a major chore that never resulted in sat- isfactory images. With the Mac, producing quality images of the screen requires no more than a simple keystroke com- bination (Shift- 98 -3, if you haven't discovered it), What's more, those snapshots are Mac- Paint files that can be edited and ultimately sent to a typeset- ter and returned as razor-s revolutionized our work as writers and editor: We quickly saw the value of including screen shots to docu- ment our written tutorials and to support the text of product reviews. They convey informa- tion much more accurately (in a pictorial language all Mac users understand) than lengthy descriptions of keystroke sequences. Producing those snapshots, has become a new editorial skill. Is no longer necessary (or acceptable) for a writer or an editor to leave illustrations to the art department. We stil! stress good, clear writing, but all our editors and authors are instructed to “think graphics. We also try to find uses for new Macintosh tools as they become available. A str ing example is Microsoft Chart, just released and cov- ered in depth in this issue. While writing my review, found the program so compel- ling that I used it to create the charts that illustrate some points in my article on working with a single-drive Mac. The idea for those charts arose di- rectly from access to the tool used to make them As the editorial department has assumed greater responsi- bility for graphics, the art de- partment has become more in- volved with the computer. Our art director, Bruce Charonnat, now uses the Mac as his pri- mary graphics tool, and you can see the results on virtually every page. After only two issues, Mac- world is imegrating text and graphics in a way that has not occurred in a magazine before. I'm not referring just to integra- tion on the printed page, but to integration of our editorial and production processes. For ex- ample, we editors used to sub- mit the copy for cover type to the art department as a printed list. Now we can use MacPaint to create a dummy of the entire cover. We play with type pos- sibilities right on the dumm MACWORLD May/June 1984 The Macintosh Magazine Picture-Perfect Macintosh Charts Microsoft's powerful new Chart program makes one picture worth a thousand numbers, An in-depth review and tutorial LI The Lisa 2 Connection TI The Macintosh Goes to College Peercimnemecan) Getting Started: Working witha Single-Drive Mac and produce instant cover com- posites for final review by the publisher, editor, designer, and newsstand sales director. This practice not only facilitates tai- loring the type to the cover's graphic design—it has resulted in closer working relationshi among the various depart- ments of our magazine. In the premier issue of Macworld, | predicted that the Macintosh would change the way we think about written communication. We're witness- ing that change firsthand. Mac- world has become “The Macin- tosh Magazine” in process as well as subject matter. And we've just begun. G Macworld = 9 Learn to use your Macintosh almostas fastas you can eatone. OES Sica er ners asia Soon after Macintosh joins the Apple Congratulations Macintosh! Together family tree we'll have an ATI training we’ll help users- and dealers- bear fruit fast. program ready to teach you how to use it. Contact ATI, 12638 Beatrice Street, ATI’s “How to Use Your Macintosh” —_ Los Angeles, CA 90066 (213) 546-5579. training disk and handbook will join our Dealers: Call (213) 546-4725. rapidly growing “how-to” series. We'll also have training programs for all the best software available for Macintosh. All ATI training programs take you through the basics, step-by-step. Our interactive simulation method lets you practice as you learn. It’s simple and fun! ATI Training Power" is a trademark of Ame EM ATI Training Power" Learn software the natural way. mumurearous, 18 Trainieg International David Bunnell The Next Wave The Mac may play a part in establishing anew pictorial language. In the brief but eventful history of personal computing, the in- troduction of a new product has never generated such mas- sive publicity as that of the Macintosh. First there was Apple's “1984” commercial, a risky but master- ful stroke of showmanship that will go down as one of the most effective television commer- cials of all time. As someone told me, if Apple hadn’t done the commercial, “they would have missed $60 million worth of free publicity” The Mac has been featured on at least a dozen magazine covers. Virtually every publica- tion from the New York Times to Computerworld has re- ported on it with keen interest. ‘Then came announcement day at the annual stockholders’ meeting on January 24, when the Mac was officially unveiled. Being in that auditorium in Cupertino, California, seeing Steve Jobs coolly unzip the Mac’s carrying bag, remove the machine, and plug it in, and seeing it operate publicly for the first time was being in on the action. According to Steve Jobs, on the day following the Mac's an- nouncement, over 200,000 people went to computer stores: nationwide to check out the machine. In some locations, they even waited in lines out- side stores crowded to capacity, Much of the attention given to the Mac is inspired by the machine itself, though it is also focused on the battle between Apple and IBM for the personal computer market. Does the Mac present a threat to the dominance of the IBM Personal Computer? Will Mac sales eat into PC sales, or will the Mac simply inspire a new market? The Apple/IBM “battle” is in- teresting copy; however, the ac- tual bloodletting is elsewhere. Thi ar’s real personal com- puter battle is between IBM and the so-called PC-compati- ble companies, as Big Blue gears up to crunch its many im- itators. The recent introduction of a portable IBM PC is aimed more at them than at the Mac. The current configuration of the Mac makes the machine at- tractive to personal computer buyers who have different needs than those of IBM PC owners. For example, the IBM PC seems destined to capture the desktops of Fortune 1000 companies, while the Mac seems destined to become the computer of choice in Ameri- can universities. If Apple is to share the per- sonal computer pie with IBM, there will have to be rapid crea- tion of a substantial Mac soft- ware library. Otherwise, the PC’s huge software base will compensate for its slow pro- cessor speed and less than per- fect screen resolution. The Mac offers software au- thors exciting new challenges. Tn using Mac icons, for in- stance, they will be creating a new icon language. If the icon language becomes reasonably standardized, the symbols may conceivably be intermingled with standard alphanumeric characters to form a new hybrid language. Fantastic as it may seem, possibilities of this magnitude e Besides the lack of a broad software base, one inital short- coming of the Mac is that the print quality of its currently one-and-only printer may not prove suitable for business lee ters. And its relatively slow print speed may be a problem ina busy work environment. The Mac will have to be in- terfaced to a d wheel letter quality printer if it is to get a share of the personal computer pie. A print buffer is also in order, as well as 512K of inter- and other upgrades and additions. We can expect all these Mac additions. One thing is certain: the Mac has inspired an army of programmers, engineers, and writers who will give Apple the initial momentum it needs to create the next wave of per- sonal computing. 0 Macworld 11 Note Pad: Charles Spezzano An IBM PC Lover Meets the Mac The story of one man’s seduction by an Apple ote Pad 12 Since IBM introduced the PC in 1981, I have paid little attention to the world of Apple comput- ing, and I have probably dis- played more than my share of PC snobbery—based, of course, on the reasonable con- clusion that I owned a state-of- the-art machine and that the Apple II was merely an expen- sive toy. When I started shopping for a personal computer, I was looking for a lean, mean, pro- fessional machine. I wanted a computer for connoisseurs, the kind made by the company that took over the mainframe mar- ket 20 years ago with “the world’s best sales force, all dressed in white shirts and blue suits,” as Tracy Kidder de- scribed it in The Soul of a New MachineAvon, 1982). That narrowed it down to IBM and IBM. So I bought a PC and turned my back on the enor- mous base of application soft- ware available for the Apple II line. May/June 1984 For a long time, I had no re- grets. Oh, there were moments when laughter and a feeling of lightheartedness drifted my way from the Apple corner of my local computer store while I examined the growing soft- ware selection on the IBM wall. That was mildly attractive. After all, there is nothing funny about anything from IBM. The original PC didn’t even come with a graphics monitor. All business. But as a professional psychologist, I can choose my ionalizations to fit any occa- sion, and I just told myself that the laughter was no more than the childlike exuberance of game-playing Apple owners who would never know the adult pleasures of putting 7-2-3 through its paces with key- boards on their laps. Even the Lisa didn’t sway me. Sure, she had power, versatility, and great moves, but at $10,000 no one was laughing. Then one day in late January, I wandered into a computer store and had almost strolled by the Lisa, when I noticed that she had shrunk. She was also smiling at me—a cute, little iconish face on a black-and-white screen. Assured that no one from my local PC users’ group was watching, I stunk down into the empty chair and took my first look at the Macintosh. Within 20 minutes I realized that I was only 10 feet from the door and that the little machine I had been enjoying didn't weigh more than 20 pounds, No, I didn’t steal it, but the point is I wanted to. For the first time since sitting down in front of those crisp, clean characters on my PC’s monochrome moni- tor, | had been seduced by a competitor. Entering the Cool Zone By this point, all you Apple II and Ile owners who are consid- ering a Mac are supposed to have forgiven me for looking down my nose at you for those two years. And you PCers who have this magazine hidden in- side your copy of PC World are lusting to know what it was that stole my heart that day. Well, I won't be coy. It wasn’t the mouse. It was the coolness. During the past two years, I have spent a lot of time in front of green, amber, and color monitors, They make me hot. I'm not talk- ing about excitement or eye- strain, I'm talking about a whole-body sensation, the kind you get from sitting in a Fourth- ofJuly weekend traffic jam in a convertible with black uphol- stery. That's what those bright little characters against dark backgrounds do to me after a couple of hours. After the first half hour with the Mac, I thought something was wrong. Somewhere around the 90-minute mark, | realized that what was wrong was that nothing was wrong. No heat ris- ing behind my eyes, no tight back muscles, no fantasies of Finnish ice baths distracting me. I was cool. An hour and a half in front of a computer monitor, and | was still fresh, excited, and ready for more. That light g reen with its crisp black text is worth three color monitors Flashdancing with the Mac Someone had actually taken the time to think about what might make a human being feel good while working with a per- sonal computer. That someone had also put a lot of thought into making me a potential buyer. So far, all | hac done was try my hand at writing a report with MacWrite. That's right, with an electronic easel and a brand-new mouse at my finger- tips, I had gone straight to work. A dyed-in-the-wool work- aholic, I figured I might as well get a report or two out of the way while familiarizing myself with yet another word pro- cessor. Having reviewed ten IBM PC word processors over the past year, each one accom- panied by more over-hyped promotional literature than a John Travolta movie, the last thing I expected to get a thrill out of was the Mac’s writing tool. Forgive my jaded ignorance. Writing with the Mac is not word processing at all. It’s “flashdancing” for writers. Your words are fully alive on the screen the way they are ina well-designed magazine, And it's more than being able to see margins, indents, line spacing, underlining, and boldfacing the way they appear on paper. You realize that you are the archi- tect and interior designer of every page of text, arranging and rearranging the shape, the style, and the placement of your words, and even fusing them with pictures until they convey the exact meaning and emo- tional tone you intend. Fake Right, Go Left If l always knew ahead of time where my writing was going, I probably wouldn't use a pe sonal computer at all. I'd dictate my articles while driving to the health club and save my fingers for caressing my wife and hug- ging my kids. My style, how- ever, is to write five words and then change seven, as Dorothy Parker described writing. How a word processor de- letes is as fundamental to me as how it lets you enter text. You can judge the personality of a computer writing system by how it removes what you no. longer want. Some restrict you to picking lint off a blue blaz letters have to be erased one by one with the de- lete or destructive backspace key, because the only other op- tion is to kill whole lines ata time. This is usually impracti- cal, since many lines contain text from the end of one sen- tence and the beginning of an- other, With other systems, your only alternative to nitpicking is to clean large mis like a sentence or a paragraph and then reenter a whole new one, when all you want to do is quickly replace a descriptive phrase or a subordinate clause with a tighter, more clever ex- pression that just popped into your head. MacWrite gives you unlimited control over the de- letion proces Macworld 13 Note Pad. To Change or Not to Change Another example of the impact on your writing attitude is the way it handles a typical writer's constant indecision about whether to delete some- thing in the first place. Many professional writers and writing professionals are not sure whether they like the new phrase better than the old one until they see it in conte: With many word processor however, once you see the new words, the old ones are gone forever. Some PC word pro- cessors have an “Oops” key, which lets you restore the text you have just deleted, but they often have an additional rule that you may not press any keys between deleting characters from the screen and pressing the “Ooy This kind of system does not allow you to be so cavalier about making, changes. MacWrite avoid: these inhibiting “no backs” lim- itations with an unusually ver- satile Undo command com- bined with equally versatile cut and paste functions. You can re- store a recent cut, take bac insertion in midstream, or even Undo your last Undo. Gallery One My artist wife has been toying with the idea of expanding from pen-and-ink sketches to computer-generated art for a year, but shopping for the right combination of drawing device, software, and printer for our PC jac and MacPaint for two years instead of a PC, by now she'd have produced enough art to have opened Jill’s Black-and-White Gallery, and the Mae comes with everything we'd need to team up forare- naissance in illuminated man- uscripts. It would be ironic if we started writing parts of our IBM PC software newsletter on a Mac to liven it up with creative fonts and illustrations. Not All Fun and Games The Mac is a lot more fun than my businesslike PC. It is not priced like a toy, however. It costs more than $3500 with a printer and a second disk drive, and when Apple offers up- grades to 256K RAM chips 14 May/June 1984 (which would add greatly to s flexibility) and 800K disk drives, we will be talking about a $5000 invest- ment. The only toy I would spend four or five grand on, however, is a car—maybe a well-kept old Alfa. When [ raised that issue with a local Mac salesperson, she quickly produced the Mac ver- sion of Mudtiplan, Microsoft's popular electronic spread- sheet. Nothing makes a per- sonal computer look less like a toy and more like a business tool than a spreadsheet. Spreadsheets, however, are my least favorite type of soft- ware. They conjure up images of Bob Cratchit laving away late into Christmas Eve, balanc- ing Scrooge's accounting ledgers. They intimidate me, partly because I generally pre- fer playing with big words rather than big numbers, but also because whenever I have tried one on my PC, | have a ways come away feeling that I missed something, Multiplan a \a Mac is the spreadsheet | have come clos- est to genuinely understanding. The pull-down menus, the mouse-selected cells, and the dialog boxes that “talk” to me when Lam in trouble—all these features unique to Mac spreadsheeting changed my image of this category of soft- ware from intimidator to helper. Love and Money Tam the kind of person who thinks about buying a new car as soon as the payments are made in full on the last one. Owning an IBM PC did not pre- clude my ogling the hundreds of new systems released during the past two years. Becoming a two- or even three-computer family is right up my inflation- ary alley, but aside from the Ra- dio Shack Model 100, there hasn't been anything different enough from my PC to tempt me to add another monthly payment to my list of debts. Meeting the Mac did not make me want to trade in my PC. In fact, I'd like to upgrade it toan XT to make it even more businesslike. It will, however, remain on my work desk ina quiet corner of the house. The Mac will probably sit in the liv- ing room where everyone can fall in love with it. 0 The Apple Macintosh Whether you own an Apple® Macintosh™ or are thinking about buying one, The Apple® Macintosh™ Book pro- vides you with a unique insider's view to this historic advance in computer technology. Cary Lu, formerly execu- tive editor of High Tech- nology magazine, takes you behind the scenes with this step-by-step guide to how the Mac and its soft- ware work, You see exactly what you get—all in the friendly visual style of the Mac itself. Cary observed the development of the Mac firsthand, sharing the excitement of its evolu- programmers at ple and at Microsoft. Apple® Macintosh™ aE” Introducing MACWORLD The Macintosh Magazine The Exciting New Magazine for the World’s Most Creative Personal Computer—the Macintosh At Special Charter Subscriber Rates Save Up to 54% Off the Newsstand Price* (‘when you subscribe for 3 years) Personal computing took a giant leap into the fu- ture when Apple introduced the Macintosh. We’ve created Macworld as your passport into this in- credible new realm of computing. Each issue we'll bring you everything you need to explore and get the most out of your Macintosh, From the latest product news to innovative business applications, from amazing graphics to personal productivity tools and games, each issue of Macworld will be packed with interesting, practical, readable informa- tion written by skilled, perceptive writers. Each month we'll be creating a Macworld com- munity; sharing ideas, problems, and creative solu- tions while we explore the world of Macintosh together. So why take a chance on missing a single exciting issue? For a limited time only you can subscribe to Macworld at special Charter Subscriber rates of only y | $24 for 1 year (12 issues) That's a savings of 20% off the regular $30 subscrip- tion rate and 50% off the newsstand price! And you can save even more by subscribing for 2 or 3 years at Special Charter Rates. Don’t Wait...Subscribe Today and Save! Special Charter Subscription Offer Save 50% off the Newsstand Price! ad Newsstand & Regular Subscription Rate $24 Special Charter Offer Order Now to Take Advantage of This Limited Time Offer! VISA and MasterCard Accepted! Call TOLL FREE: 800-247-5470 (in lowa 800-532-1272) Macworld will be published in May, July, and September 1984 and will begin monthly publica- tion in November 1984. I ACCEPT! Please send me Macworld, the Macintosh magazine. ( Please Bill Me [] Payment Enclosed Please Send Me: [1] 12 issues/$24 [1] 24 issucs/$46 (] 36 issues/866 Name Company Address City, State, Zip Please allow 6-8 weeks for delivery of your first issue, Outside the U.S. subscriptions must be prepaid in U.S. funds, Outside the U.S, and Canada add $1 per issue for surface or $5 per issue for airmail. This offer expires July 31, 1984. ‘JM2026 I ACCEPT! Please send me Macworld, the Macintosh magazine. (1 Please Bill Me] Payment Enclosed Please Send Me: [J] 12 issues/824 [J 24 issues/$46 [1 36 issues/$66 Name Company Address City, State, Zip Please allow 6-8 weeks for delivery of your first issue. Outside the U.S. subscriptions must be prepaid in US. funds. Outside the US, and Canada add $1 per issue for surface or $5 per issue for airmail. This offer expires July 31, 1984. M2026 I ACCEPT! Please send me Macworld, the Macintosh magazine. (Please Bill Me ( Payment Enclosed Please Send Me: [2 12 issues/$24 [) 24 issues/S46 (1) 36 issues/366 Name Company Address City, State, Zip Please allow 6-8 weeks for delivery of your first issue. Outside the US. subscriptions must be prepaid in US. funds, Outside the US, and Canada add $1 per issue for surface or $5 per issue for airmail. This offer expires July 31, 1984. (JM2026 NI BUSINESS REPLY CARD FIRST CLASS. PERMIT NO. 79 BERGENFIELD, Nj POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE Macworld Subscription Department PO. Box 20300 Bergenfield, New Jersey 07621 BUSINESS REPLY CARD FIRST CLASS PERMITNO. 79 BERGENFIELD, NJ POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE Macworld Subscription Department P.O. Box 20300 Bergenfield, New Jersey 07621 NO POSTAGE NECESSARY IF MAILED IN UNITED STATES NO POSTAGE NECESSARY If MAILED IN UNITED STATES NO POSTAGE NECESSARY IF MAILED IN UNITED STATES BUSINESS REPLY CARD FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 79 BERGENFIELD, NJ POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE Macworld Subscription Department P.O. Box 20300 Bergenfield, New Jersey 07621 Howto get your Macintos programs to market. Call Data Encore. We're already | duplicating 3/2” microdisk soft- ware for the Apple” Macintosh” | system. So we're up to speed andreadytogo, As a subsidiary of Verbatim, the world’s leading producer of flexible disks, we're one of the few compa- nies with 342” duplication capa- bilities. From raw materials to disks to packaging to delivery to your customers. This total responsibility ensures you of a |, quality product you'll be proud to call your own. — Ly Why not call us toll-free at 800-872-8778. In California or outside the US., call colleet G08) 720-7400. Or write us at 585 N. Mary Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94086. Because if you want to harvest profits from the new Macintosh faster, you'll want to get your software to market fast. Data Encore’ _ a Verbatim Company ©1034 Data Encore. Apple and Maciatosh are trademarks of Apple Computer, ine. Maccessories! Maccessories ~ (J = : The Maccessories SWIVEL The Maccessories is a light weight, durable lazy susan that fits SURGE SUPPRESSOR x By neatly under your Macintosh. The SWIVEL re- protects your Macintosh L 4 volves a full 360° and lets you adjust the viewing against power problems. Its angle of your Macintosh with the touch of a finger. circuitry stops surges and spikes, Since the SWIVEL attaches to the bottom of and filters out aggravating line your Macintosh computer, it goes everywhere noise. Simply replace your Macintosh power cord your Macintosh goes, even inside the Macintosh with the Maccessories SURGE SUPPRESSOR and carrying case. you're ready to go. Maccessories STARTER PACK. Start your Macintosh off right with this money-saving kit containing the SWIVEL, SURGE SUPPRESSOR plus an anti-static DUST COVER to keep your Macintosh dust-free. More on the way! If you like the ries ome up far, wait till you what we've got in the works. Maccessories are exclusive products of Kensington Microware, at Apple dealers everywhere KENSINGTON ™ MICROWARE Kensington Microware Ltd. 261 Park Avenue South, New York, N.¥. 10010 (212) 475-5200 ‘Telex: 467383 KML NY ‘Trademarks: Apple and Macininsh—Apple Computes Ine. © 1984 Kensington Mirowrate Lia Circle 11 on reader service card Letters Programmer's Praise I want to congratulate you on your new magazine. Macworld has an attractive layout; I espe- cially like its wide format and larger-than-usual type. It’s nice to see a computer Magazine that has such a generous ratio of editorial content to ads, but maybe you're not as pleased as Tam with that. As a would-be software de- veloper, I enjoyed reading about Apple's efforts to attract developers. It’s a welcome idea to provide a user interface—in ROM no less. Your report on the desktop environment made me want to run outand try i [A Tour of the Mac Desktop”). Astandard user interface will make a big difference in writing programs, but as your writer admits [Lon Poole, “The 64K Treasure Chest”), one really needs a Lisa too to create a large software program be- cause the Macintosh has no. programming languages of its own yet. Any idea when they'll start showing up? Barry Rapf Baltimore, Maryland For a look at one new pro- gramming language for the Mac, see “MacPascal Preview” in this issue. Future issues of Macworld will report in depth about programming on the Mac and the Lisa 2s—Ed. Multiplan Warning There appears to be a serious bug in version 1.00 of Micro- soft’s Multiplan. Don't use the “shortcut” method to save your document: if you choose Quit from the File menu and rely on the alert box to ask to save changes, your worksheet will be permanently garbled. Danny Goodman Pacifica, California We contacted Microsoft and they confirmed this bug. The company has released a new version (1.01) of the program, in which the bug has been fixed. Purchasers of version 1.00 who returned their regis- tration cards should have been notified by Microsoft about the procedure for up- dating to version 1.01. If you're still using version 1.00, you can avoid corrupting your worksheets when saving them by following these steps: lake sure the Clipboard is empty by selecting an inser- tion point and choosing the Cut command. @ Save the worksheet using the Save or Save As command from the File menu. @ Do not save the worksheet by using the Quit, New, or Open command.—Ed. Hacker's Lament Apple sure has its nerve! What are they trying to do here? | have spent years becoming a Lord High Hacker. I tweaked the front panel switches, learned the mysteries of PIP, format/s/8, init hello,s6,d2. Debug or DDT for WordStar patches, and the assembly of many strange numbers, My friends and neighbors looked upon me with awe. I almost learned octal, of all things. And now people are doing useful work with this Mac after only a few minutes, with abso- lutely no training. I think this computer stinks. By the way, please enter my subscription. James F. Sbobert Commack, New York A Dearth of Software Tam using my Macintosh in my daily work technical writer and sincerely regret the imme- diate lack of software. I still have to use my old TRS-80 Model 100. I hope the software becomes available soon. Other- wise, I am sure this lack will have an impact on Macintosh sales in the future when the bloom is gone. Fred Wilkinson Santa Clara, California More than 100 software com- panies received Macs from Apple before release, and maj- or companies currently work- ing on software for the Mac include Mi Development, Software Pub- lishing, Continental Software, Ashton-Tate, and Sorcim. More software will be appear- ing during the next few months.—Ed. A Mac Drawback Thad never used a computer (never needed or wanted to) before I recently tried out a friend’s brand-new Macintosh. He had been telling me how “friendly” the machine was supposed to be, but he is fond of computers anyway. Only when I turned the pages of the first issue of Macworld did | start getting interested. Macworld — 19 Letters The “impressions of a novice” [in Note Pad] appealed to me, and Jeffrey Young is right—the Mac’s desktop does arrange things the way we “pre- computer” types do. I'm a writer and have almost finished a rough draft of a book on American history. After fa- miliarizing myself with the Mac, I put my prospectus into a file, Revising it—moving the insertion point with the mouse and erasing typos with the Backspace key—was a snap, since I didn’t have to type and retype or use that messy cor- rection fluid. And by mixing fonts and styles, I created a very artistic format. The major drawback for my purpose is the lack of storage on the Mac’s single-sided disks. Although I can split the work up by chapters (or smaller files), it would be nice to carry the whole book around on one little disk: Still, I'm sold on the Mac as a personal word processor. And I can't wait to find a way to sneak MacPaint into my work. Glen Epstein lowa City, lowa See “The Compleat Disk Jug- gler” in this issue for some so- lutions to your problem.—Ed. Mac CAD My primary interest in any com- puter is its use in CAD (com- puter-aided design), I have some questions regarding the use of peripherals such as digi- tizer boards and plotters. At the present time, the Ap- ple I! and III series has avail- able any number of those units. However, they are not totally menu-driven; all drawing must be originated using X-Y coordinates. The discussion of the Mac's graphics ["MacPaint: the Elec- tronic Easel”] seems to indicate infinite possibilities with pre- sent software; however, there was no indication that the screen image could be trans- ferred to a specific scale (e.g., imperial architectural, imperial engineering, or metric) to pro- duce “scaled” printouts or plots. In addition to the graphics available, a CAD program would also require a menu for windows, walls, toilets, ap- pliances, etc. Can those sym- bols be created or are software companies anticipating them in the near future? Combined with the mouse, a digitizer board, and a plotter, the system could provide a powerful tool at a minimal cost. E. “Manny” Abraben Fort Lauderdale, Florida 20 = May/June 1984 Apple's forthcoming MacDraw (second quarter 1984) will enable you to draw the archi- tectural symbols you mention and will provide on-screen rulers that can be set to spec- ified scales. We know of no other architectural or en- gineering programs under development at this time, but watch Macware News for pre- views of Mac so peripherai User Groups I realize that the Macintosh is hot off the assembly line, but I'd like to know if there are any user groups in my area. I found your premier issue interesting and informative, but I want to have more direct contact with my fellow Mac users. Do you have any information on this? Susan McPhee Chicago, Illinois To assist individuals in locat- ing Macintosh clubs, the Inter- national Apple Core will send current listings for clubs that have formed or are being formed. To obtain informa- tion on clubs in your area, or information on setting up a Macintosh club, send a self- addressed, stamped envelope to Macintosh, International Apple Core, 908 George S1., Santa Clara, CA 95050, 408/727-7652. Macworld will report on user group ac- tivities in future issues. We encourage user groups to submit copies of their news- letters, article suggestions, hands-on tips, and draw- ings.—Ed. Letters should be mailed to Letters, Macworld, 555 De Haro St., San Francisco, CA 94107, or sent electronically to CompuServe 74055,415 or Source STE9O8. O Something no modem has ever said before If youre looking for a premium modem News reports. Dow Jones averages. without a premium price, here’s a word of advice: Sports scores. Closing prices on pork bellies. Apple. You can send electronic mail. Play games. Introducing the Apple’ Modem 300. And, to Bank at home. Make friends. Influence people. keep up with the busi- Find the lowest air fares for business trips. Or do ness world, our faster almost anything else you like. Apple Modem 1200. And since the computer age happens to Inside, theyre pack- coincide with the plastic age, you can charge your ed with all the technical Apple Modem with an Apple Credit Card. wizardry you would want Which, along with the low price, makes in an intelligent modem. buying an Apple Modem as much fun as using one. Auto-dial. Auto-answer. 7 That's something no modem has “ Built-in error diagnostics. been able to say before, And compatibility with all the latest advanced i either. communications software. But the real message is located outside, due north of the little green light. That one familiar symbol tells you as much as a gigabyte of specs. It says Apple quality. Apple technology. And in the unlikely event you should need it, Apple service. It also means total compatibility with what- ever Apple you own. Particularly since we include The cable plone cond and the right accessory kit to get any system in our line feat tant incre on line, Immediately. Ap ela wns mesoale prie We even give you a subscription offer to THE SOURCE”and a free demonstration of Compu- Prete resident Serve! Together, they let you access almost any THiS Ss peepure ae subject known to mainframes. those who use Apples. Foc an authorized Apple dealer nearest you call (800) 538-9696. in Canada, call (800) 268-7796 or (800) 268-7637. © 1984 Apple Computer, Ine. Apple and the Apple logo are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. CompuServeis a repsered trademark of CompuServe Carp. THE SOURCE isa servicemark of Source TeleComputing Corporation subsidiary of The Readers Digest Association, Inc. Macworld View News and notes for the Macintosh community Edited by Janet McCandless Macworld View reports on new developments in Macin- tosh technology. We will cover items of interest to Mac users and predict industry trend We've been talking with pro- grammers and hardware de- velopers, attending trade shows, and generally keeping an ear out for Mac-related news. Macworld View wel- comes contributions from readers, We'll pay up to $50 for the items we use. Please in- clude your name, address, and phone number with your contributions; send them to Macworld View, 555 De Haro St, San Francisco, CA 94107. Fat Mac Memory expansion for the M: depends on commercial avail- ability of 256K chips. Until the quantity shipped into the United States from Japanese manufacturers increases and the price drops, Apple will con- tinue to produce the 128K Mac. According to John Rizzo, Ap- ple’s hardware product man- ager, “We have been telling people to expect the upgrade early in 1985: “Each 128K Mac has the ca- pability of being upgraded to 512K once the 256K chip is in- serted,” says Steve Scheier, mar- ket communications manager at Apple. Rizzo adds that nei- ther the user nor the dealer can go into the Mac and put stem board; chips onto the s they are soldered new sys s with the 128K boards, Rizzo expects that double- sided drives will be incorpo- rated when the system boards are upgraded, Although the technology for double-sided drives exists, Rizzo says, “We can't obtain enough in suffi- cient production quantities to meet our requirements.” Alice If you like fast-paced video games and know how to play chess, you'll want to try a three- dimensional animated chess game called Alice. This new game by Macintosh program- mer Steve Capps takes Alice out of Wonderland and puts her on the Mac screen. We looked at a prerelease version of the game, which opens on a woodcut graphic of a medieval figure playing chess 22. May/June 1984 and then shifts to a chessboard. Six chess pieces zoom to the front of the board, and you se- lect a piece to indicate which powers Alice will adopt (for ex- ample, if you choose the Queen, Alice can move in any direction, any number of squares). You have only one piece, Alice, to play against the game's complement of chess pieces. Your score is posted above the board, When you tal chess piece, your score in- creases; it decreases when a piece takes Alice. To obtain a perfect score of 999, you must capture all the chess pieces, never let Alice get captured, and let all the pawns move to the front row and become queens before capturing them. Capp’s future plans for Alice incorporate the construction trend in software games—let- ting users access programs and redraw the game figures as well as redefine their functions. In Alice the user will be able to re- draw the chess pieces or change the expression on the faces as the pieces move. Apple estimates that Alice will be released in May, for un- der $40. New Life for Lisa According to many dealers, the Lisa 2 line is Apple's answer to the negative reaction custom- ers have to the Mac's 128K of memory and one disk drive. Keith Sharp of the CompuShop of Georgia in Atlanta explains the boost in Lisa sales: “People who liked the Lisa technology were scared away by its price. Now they see this technology in a $2500 machine, and then they say they need more mem- ory and a hard disk. After com- paring benefits and features, they're more willing to pay the price.” None of the dealers we spoke with believes that the Mac will cut substantially into Apple II sales. As John Byren of Jonathan's Computer Centers in Marlton, New Jersey, sees it, “The educational software world will stay zeroed in on the Tle, which will remain in the home and the kindergarten- to-12 market.” Although the Mac is predicted to replace the Apple I in the business market, Sharp adds, “Apple II is still an excellent value, with two disk drives and 128K for under $2000, It can handle data bases, mailing lists, and form letters— functions that are not available on the Mac and won't be for many months.” Dealers agree that the M introduction has increased overall sales of personal com- puters. A more significant im- pact, suggests John Merson of the Computer Factory in New York City, is that the Mac is bringing into the market “people who had never thought of a personal computer as something they would us User Group Report Now that the Mac has been out for a few months, we expect Macintosh user groups to begin springing up or emerging from existing Apple II groups. We want to hear from all Mac user groups and clubs so that we can share your impressions, opin- ions, and experiences. Excerpts from club newsletters that offer new insights into the Mac will be published for the benefit of other users. ‘To locate a club in your ar or to find out how to set up your own user group, send a selfaddressed, stamped enve- lope to Macintosh, Interna- tional Apple Core, 908 George St., Santa Clara, CA 95050, 408/727-7652. Macworld Screen Dumps The Macintosh screen images you see in Macworld have been reproduced through an advance in typesetting tech- nology. Screens, a program designed by Apple and Len afer at George Lithograph in San Francisco, uses a high- resolution, bit-mapped tran- scription process to reproduce file contents. The process begins with a snapshot of the screen taken by holding down the 38 and Shift keys while pressing the 3 ke’ This creates a MacPaint docu- ment of the screen image. These MacPaint documents can be transmitted via modem toa CRT typesetter or a las printer. Until now, the end user has had to rely on either cam- era equipment, plotters, or dot matrix printers to generate hard copy of screen contents. The new process produces camera-ready ouput that elimi- nates distortion caused by the curvature of the video screen. Some Mac Team members demonstrate their new machine at a dealership on January 24, the day the Mac was introduced. After spend- ing years and months developing the Mac, they were thrilled to see their creation come to life in the outside world. The user can select any portion of a page or a file to be typeset; images can be reproduced. from 10 to 100 percent. MacLore In the early 1800s a Canadian settler named John McIntosh discovered 19 apple trees on a tract of land he'd purchased. ‘Twenty years later a traveling journeyman taught John and his son Allan to graft fruit-bear- ing branches onto their one surviving apple tree. The Mc- Intoshes became known for producing a bright red, thin- skinned, juicy eating apple ha delightful aroma and white flesh. Almost 200 years later Jef Raskin, a computer designer at Apple, developed the concept of a revolutionary personal computer that he called the Macintosh. Reference to the ap- ple is obvious, but the misspell- ing leads to another Macintosh. According to Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, macintosh or mackintosh is a Macworld = 23 Macworld View lightweight, waterproof fabric originally made of rubberized cotton and named for its in- ventor, Scottish chemist Charles Macintosh, The term came into public use about 1836 when Macintosh designed a water- proof cape that became popu- lar. Expeci the Mac to have an entry in a future edition of Webster's: Macintosh\ mak-en- tosh (1984): a compact, graph- ics-oriented personal computer developed by Apple Computer. Twelve-Foot Mac A12- by 8- by 8-foot Mac greeted visitors entering the Softcon trade show in New Or- leans (February 21-23). A brain- child of James Ferris and Steve Jobs, the giant Mac was de- signed from the housing blue- prints for the Mac and used the Mac's calculator to rescale the model. Eikan, a model shop near Apple's offices in Cuper- tino, California, constructed the huge replica. Carpenters built a wooden framework, applied a styrofoam base, and covered it with auto-body putty, which they then sanded, enscribed, and spray-painted to replicate the Mac. Inside the model they connected a General Electric light valve projector with a ca- ble interface to a regular Mac. Through a series of mirrors set up for reai en projection, images being created on the Mac by the person demonstrat- ing it were also shown on the giant screen. The GE projector was originally developed for the Mac road show that pre- ceded the Mac's introduction, The Mac Factory From the project's inception, the Mac design team agreed to build a personal computer that could be manufactured by the Joe Shelton's demonstration of the Mac at Softcon was accompanied by a giant working replica of the Mac. 24 May/June 1984 million. This meant designing the computer and its factory in tandem. At the January 24 stockholders’ meeting, Steve Jobs, cofounder of Apple Com- puter, showed a video presenta- tion of the $20 million factory located in Fremont, Californi: Jobs pointed out that the fac- tory overlooks both GM and Ford plants. The Mac, said Jobs, will emerge as the Ford of per- sonal computing for the '80s— dependable and inexpensive. Like those early automakers, the Mac group has designed a true mass-market product. Indeed, the factory has the capability to produce a Mac every 27 seconds. The plant achieves large-vol- ume production by relying on 95 percent automation, the ma- chine’s design (the Mac con- tains only one 10- by 10-inch digital board having 50 chips), a “just-in-time” inventory sup- ply system, and quality-control procedures that result in a less than 1 percent chance of de- fects during the product's en- tire life. Inside the 160,000-square- foot factory, automated material handling and delivery systems bring parts to workstations for assembly. An overhead parts delivery system and vehicles guided by automation (moni- tored by a microprocessor- based traffic manager) criss- cross the factory floor. A com- puter-controlled crane retrieves small parts from the factory's tote stackers and sends them to the workstations via a conveyor network. Workers return empty totes along the network. The system automatically recog- nizes the empty totes, re- plenishes the supplies, and re- turns them to the workstations. Apple plans to automate fur- ther, introducing robotics and surface-mounted device tech- nology. Even now, Macs are used in the factory to test digi- tal boards. vPlainText = 38P Bold 3B sialic #1 Underline %U Outline 0 Shadem xs Superscript 3H 9 Polat vi2 Point 14 Point 18 Point 24 Poimt MacWrite Update Anew version of MacWrite should be available from your dealer soon. It includes super- script and subscript options in the Style menu and revisions to the header and the footer. Macintalk BIHFOH2R (NAYSNTIYN EY5TIY FOH5R) means “Be- fore 1984” in Macintalk, a phoneme program written by Mark Barton and Joseph Katz and licensed by Apple. For sev- eral years Barton has been de- veloping software simulations of hardware speech synthe- sizers, He created SAM (soft- ware automatic mouth), a pro- gram for the Apple II. “I ran so close to real time on SAM that took the challenge to m; run in real time on the ) The authors not only suc- ceeded but also improved the program’s voice quality and pronunciation. The authors offer two op- tions for making the Mac talk: learn the code, or write the text in English and convert it. “The main program takes phoneti- cally coded speech and its simple ASCII code, which re- quires about a day to get used to, and turns that into the spo- ken output,” Barton explains To create intonation, users sign a value from 1 to 9 to each part of speech and specify the rate of speech in words per minute and the baseline pitch of the voice i The other approach and convert: codes, but at the expense of some errors,” he continues. Ap- proximately 90 percent of the words are properly translated, Ti CI: MACINTALK IHN (DHIY OWSLDUN DEY52}, BIHFOH2R (NAYSNTIYN EYSTIY FOHSR), NAA7T (VEH5RIY MEH4NIY PIYSPUL) YUW 42D KUMPYU W5TERZ, FOHR AH VEH7RIY GUH5D RIY5ZUN, NAA7T (VEHSRIY MEH4NIY PIYSPUL) NUW4 /HAW4, AEND NAA?T (VEHSRIY MEH4NIY PIYSPUL) WAA4NTIXD TUW LER5SN. AESFTER AO4L, IHN (DHOW42 DEY5Z) - IHT MEH5NT LIH4SIHNIHNZ TUW (YOHR STAHSMAHK GRAW4L).- WAYL SIH4TIHNX THRU W (KUMPYUW5TER SEHSMINAARZ) In the olden days, before 1944, not very many people used computers, for avery good reason. Not very many people knew how, and not very many people warited to learn. After all, in those days, it meant listening to your stomach orowl while sitting through computer seminars. but the computer “doesn’t know how you want the sen- tence said in terms of intona- tion patterns Programmers can use either BASIC or Pascal. According to Barton, they have to “specify a string and call the program, and the string will be spoken. The driver works on the sen- tence level.” Barton based Macintalk on newscaster English (nonre- gional standard American En- glish). The program justed to reproduce dialects, but the necessary numeric data on phoneme tunin; tions require extens search, “I’m presently working on simulating a female voice ata UCLA phone b, but there's no release dlate for it yet,” he 4 Apple plans to use Macintalk to replace the audio cassettes in the Guided Tours, and software developers for the Mac will be able to use Macintalk to create on-line tutorials, The authors also envision Macintalk games and software for the handi- capped. Words from Woz We recently spoke with Steve Wozniak, cofounder of Apple Computer and creator of the Apple II. Although he didn’t work directly on the Mac, he in- fluenced the design philosophy of the Mac development team. Steve Wozniak “Most of the people working on the Mac were old-timers like Burrell Smith, Andy Hertzfeld, and Bill Atkinson, They didn't need a lot of outside assist- ance,” says Woz. “We found out that building a machine from the ground up is about a three-year project, so we have a lead of several years in this area. Of course, there will be many skin-deep Macs that have the appearance (pull- down menus, windows, icons, etc.) of an authentic Mac, and they may seem to run easily, but they won't have the founda- tion of an entire operating sys- tem and a user interface.” Wozniak believes that the Mac- style user interface will pre- dominate by the end of the ‘80s. Macworld 25 Macworld View “1984” in'1983 The Macintosh became an over- night TV sensation without ever being seen. Apple made the ad agency Chiav/Day re- sponsible for its “tease paign. Brent Thomas, associate creative art director at Chiat/ Day, reports, “We wanted to come up with a real blockbust- er. It had to be eye-catching while using Apple's idea of de- mocratization of computer power.” In a brainstorming ses- sion with Thomas and Chiat/ Day's creative director Lee Clow, associate creative direc- tor Steve Hayden remembered a phrase he'd written for a cor- porate ad: “Why 1984 won't be like 2984.” Thomas immedi- ately responded, “That's our TV spot” They engaged Ridley Scott, a well-known English commer- cial and feature film director whose credits include Alien, Blade Runner, and The Duell- ists. Sco directed a cast of 200 at Sheperton Studios in London. The 60-second commercial cost $500,000 to shoot and had been slotted for a limited view- ing schedule—10 spot markets in January and one national showing during the Super Bowl (that one spot cost $900,000). To Apple's surprise, the networks and local tions picked it up as a new: story, “Even the BBC ran it,” says Thomas. Here's a bit of trivia we un- covered: the first showing of the “1984” commercial was in 1983 on channel KMVT in Twin Falls, Idaho, on December 15 at 1a.m. By televising the com- mercial in 1983, Apple qualified s a nominee for the 1984 Cleo awa fore the Mac's release, Micro- soft assembled a team of soft- ware developers and assigned them the code name SAND. The name for this top-secret project is not an acronym, It represents a vision Steve Jobs had in which sand (from which silicon comes) is placed in one end ofa factory, and a finished computer comes out the other end. Command Key You'll notice that all keys ex- cept one on the Mac keyboard are labeled with standard sym- bols. In an effort to avoid com- puter jargon and ive ap- ple imagery, the Mac team decided to label the Comma and key with the symbol 38 Kare, a Mac team graphics de- signer, discovered the symbol (used to signify campgrounds in Sweden and Norway) ina book of pictor ial symbols. To Scandinavians, the symbol also means able feature.” y/June 1984 BNO Viorel Immortalized in Plastic One unique aspect of the Mac is invisible to users. The signa- tures of 47 Mac team members involved in the project as of June 1982 are inscribed on the plastic casing at the rear of the Mac system unit. You won't be able to see it unless you have the special 10-inch s needed to open the Mac tem unit, so we've provi ided an inside look. rewdriver Hand Correction You might have noticed that Jeffrey Young's review of Mac- Paint in our premier issue referred to the han aped tool in the tool palette as the “hand.” We want to emend that reference to the grabber, which is what Apple calls the hand that moves your MacPaint document. 0 v? MST IS LABELED BY APPLE .» AGAIN. Once again we have the seal of approval from Apple. First we were certified as the diskette duplication service available for autho- rized Lisa™ software developers. Now our Software Publishing Service is Apple-endorsed to copy Macintosh™ software. And not only are we certified to copy Macintosh microdisks, but we use the only automatic microdisk duplication system available today—ours. We offer top quality, high-volume, fast turn-around software services for Macintosh software developers. This includes everything from copying to packaging and shipping. With our 6 years of expertise and unmatched quality in the diskette copy- ing business, it is no wonder Apple labels us among the best—we are. Get involved with quality, give MST a call today. Media Systems Technology, Inc., 16950 Armstrong Avenue Irvine, CA 92714 Phone: (714) 863-1201 or 1-800-443-8515 Media Systems Technology, Inc. Circle 17 on reader service card I want to get involved with Quality... Contact me about your introductory offer for diskette duplication for Apple Macintosh... Name. Tith Company. Addres Cit State. Zip. Mail to: Media Systems Technology, PO. Box 1033, Langhorne, PA 19047 or call 1-800-535-3232 © 1984 Media Systems Technology, Apple, Lisa, and Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Andrew Fluegelman Producing a large vol- ume of work on a one- drive Macintosh can become tedious and time consuming, but it doesn't have to be. By planning abead and adopting some practi- cal work routines, you can use your single- drive Mac more pro- ductively and effi- ciently to create and store a variety of doc- uments and programs. This article shows you bow. Does the following scenario seem familiar? You have just brought your new Macintosh home from the local computer emporium, where you managed to resist the salesman’s efforts to sell you an additional disk drive. You flip on the power switch, pop the Write/Paint disk into the drive, and in a few minutes are happily pro- ducing electronic MacPaint drawings and composing MacWrite letters in every imaginable combination of fonts and type styles. After about 20 minutes of work, you are rudely greeted with a beep from the Mac and an alert box that proclaims: “This disk is almost full. Delete some documents or change dis Or how about this one? You decide to create a disk with some extra storage space, so you initialize a fresh disk and drag only the MacPaint program onto it. The disk now has 340,000 bytes available, but every time you use MacPaint, you're presented with a seem- ingly endless series of instructions asking you to swap disks. As your wrists grow weary, your work session grinds to a frustrating halt. You don't have to curse those alert boxes or dread the appearance of the “Insert disk” message. You don't even have to return to the computer store to shell out more money for a second disk drive, All it takes are a few minutes to prepare your working disks and the willingness to follow a few standard procedures. The result will be a one-drive Macintosh with vastly im- proved performance. 28 May/June 1984 [@ Getting Started: Systems Meet the Finder The first step in optimizing your Mac is under- standing what the various files on the disk do and how much space they take up. If you insert a Write/Paint disk and open the disk icon, you'll see an icon labeled “System Folder” Within that folder are six icons in the form of tiny Mac outlines (see Figure 1). These files are what the Mac uses to manage its work load. The most important of these files is Finder; in fact, it’s so crucial to the workings of the Mac that it is usually referred to as the Finder. Adal The files in the System Folder take up about 216K of the 400K available. If you're familiar with other computers, you'll rec- ognize that the Finder is the Mac’s operating system equivalent. It’s a collection of programs and routines that keeps track of the names of all files on a disk and controls how files are moved around the desktop, in and out of folders, and to other clisks. The Mac would not work at all without the Finder. This file occupies 45,568 bytes on the disk or, using the symbol K to rep- resent approximately 1000 bytes, about 46K. (In the computer world, the amount of space that files and programs take up is measured in bytes. The symbol K commonly refers to 1024 bytes, so 45,568 bytes would be 44.5K. The Get Info option in the File menu does not follow this convention, however, so this article uses the K amounts that the Mac reports.) Macworld — 29 [4 Getting Started oeeeneoe The immediate solu- tion for creating more disk space is to pro- duce separate work- disks for MacWrite and MacPaint. The Scrapbook File contains about 8K, If you like the images there, keep them, Otherwise, you can clear a little more disk space by cutting the images you don't want. You can do this by choosing the Scrapbook from the Apple menu, scrolling through the Scrapbook screens, and choosing Cut from the Edit menu to re- move unwanted images from the Scrapbook. Following the steps above will free up 71K on the disk. (You can see the results posted below the title bar by emptying the Trash.) Font Mover You can clear even more space, and that’s where Font Mover comes in. (The Font Mover utility was added to the Mac software after the first printing of the owner's manual. Future printings of the manual will document this feature.) You can see from Figure 3 that the Macintosh fonts take up a good deal of space on the disk. For most writing applications, you won't need all those fonts. Font Mover provides you with a way to remove them from the System file. Select the Font Mover icon, and open that applica- tion either by double-clicking on the icon or by choos- ing Open from the File menu. You'll see a screen sim lar to the one in Figure 6. By clicking on the names of the various fonts, you can see a sample of each font and how many bytes it occupies on the disk. You can also select more than one font by dragging or by holding down the Shift key and selecting additional fonts. (Clicking on the button labeled “Help” in the dialog box gives you a clear explanation of how to use Font Mover.) Font Mover offers two options. You can remove a font from the System file entirely (similar to disposing of it in the Trash), or you can extract the font from tem and copy it to a separate file called Fonts, which you can then move to another disk for storage. Since the disk you're creating will be a working disk and you already have a backup copy of the original Write/Paint disk, there's really no reason to copy any of the fonts. However, you're better off using Copy instead of the Remove option. If you mistakenly remove a font, Font Mover gives you no way to restore it, and it will be deleted when you Quit the application. It’s safer to copy the fonts to the separate Fonts file and dispose of that file later. How do you decide which fonts, if any, you want to remove? That depends on the sort of writing you normally do. For general text, Geneva, New York, and Toronto are the three fonts that work best, usually in 9 or 12 point, but two are probably sufficient. You can keep just the Geneva and New York series and dispose of all the Toronto fonts. The rest of the fonts are better suited for headings and titles, though Chicago-12 is also a readable font. If you like to print in high resolution, you'll also want the 18- and 24-point versions of your text font. That's because high-resolution printing uses the point size at twice the size you see on the screen and com- AS \ [Write 7Point Diskly Cipeeard- tk Notapot-2e B riscvrite-53% S riaePant-s0x Fontrioer 134 Sample Memo aie 49% Figure 2 This chart shows how the Write/Paint disk storage is allocated. You'll have enough room for only a short paper and a few sketches. However, you can optimize your disk space by creat- ing separate Write and Paint disks and by taking advantage of the Font Mover utility. 32 May/June 1984 Figure 3 A large part of the System file—about 86K—is taken up by the 22 subfiles that contain the information needed to display and print the different fonts. The Desk Accessories take up the remainder of the System file—about 57K. Save 50% I want to subscribe to Macworld. Please send me 12 issues. 12 issues for $48 $24! I'll save 50% off the single copy Sign me up! price and 20% off the regular subscription rate. Payment enclosed [] Please bill me. MACWORLD Charge my 1) visa 1) MasterCard interbank #___. Card # exp. date Signature Or call toll-free: 800/247-5470 Name Company ‘Address City, State, Zip 0 This is a renewal (attach mailing label above) Macworld will be published in May, July and September of 1984 and will begin monthly publication in November 1984 Please allow 6~8 weeks for delivery of your first issuc. Outside the US. subscriptions must be prepaid in US. funds. Outside the US. and Canada add $1 per issue for surface or $5 per issue for airmail, {IM BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO.79 BERGENFIELD, NJ POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE Macworld Subscription Department RO. Box 20300 Bergenfield, New Jersey 07621 NO POSTAGE NECESSARY IF MAILED IN UNITED STATES TAM coueeeonoee Because the Finder can transfer only part of a disk at a time, swapping is a fact of life with a one-drive Mac. presses it to produce higher quality printed letters. If you want to print New York-12 in high resolution, for example, you'll need New York-24 on your disk. Finally, the Finder requires that certain fonts al- able to it for creating the various menus, dialog boxes, and labels; Geneva-9, Monac York-12, and Chicago-12 are preceded by an asterisk to signify that you cannot remove them. A rational choice might be to eliminate San Fran- isco, London, Athens, and Venice because they're dec- orative fonts not likely to be used in regular writing ap- plications. Monaco-12 is very similar to Geneva-12 and therefore dispensable unless you have special need for a monofont (in which all the letters occupy the same amount of space). Choosing which fonts (if any) to remove is, of course, up to you, but by removing all of the above- named fonts and quitting the Font Mover application, you can reduce the size of the System file by about 40K. Since you have several backups of the original Write/Paint disk, you can drag the newly created Fonts file into the Trash, And because you are also finished with the Font Mover utility, you might as well drag that into the Trash and another 13K. These deletions free an impressive net amount of 124K of additional space, for a total of 174K of storage for your letters and memos. Compare the chart shown in Figure 7 with the one in Figure 1. " @ File Edit view Special Write/Point Titees 340 aise Sk waite EI c JA) <emmletewy reniace content of “cr oata toa 1" (not in any drive) with contents of “uirite/Paint’ (internal drivel? To Sino =i A) aan Figure 4 When you drag a disk icon onto the icon of another dis the Mac gives you this dialog box, This message gives you a chance to change your mind before you replace the contents of the destination disk -9,New Paint Workdisk You can make similar savings on your Paint Work- disk, although you'll probably want to retain a more complete selection of fonts. Keep in mind, however, that you're not prohibiting yourself from ever using the hey will still be available to you on the W/P Workdisk; you'll just need to copy them to the specified disk, What you're doing g a working disk for the type of work you'll be doing most often. When removing files from your Paint Workdisk, you'll save a bit of d apping by ejecting the cur- rent disk in the machine and restarting the Mac using the Paint Workdisk. On the subject of reducing the size of the System file, one can’t help noticing that the desk accessories also take up valuable space. Most of us probably do not need the Puzzle or the Control Panel on every disk. Perhaps someday we'll be provided with a full-fea- tured resource mover utility that lets us add or remove desk accessories at will. Using the Workdisks Now that you have created working versions of MacWrite and MacPaint that each have expanded stor- age capacity, how do you put them to use? Here are a few guidelines that can help your work proceed smoothly. The most efficient way to use the Write and Paint worlsdisks is to store all your text or picture files on them, You'll be able to edit or print a file directly with- out having to do any disk swapping. é File Edit_vie Please insert the disk: irite/Paint Figure 5 The Finder keeps you informed of the number of files remain- ing to be copied and provides prompts for inserting the differ- ent disks during swapping maneuvers. The number of swaps necessary to copy a file depends on the size of the particular file Macworld — 33 [@ Getting Started A “resource mover utility that allows you to remove desk ac- cessories would help to create more disk space. Keep in mind that having separate dis Write and MacPaint does not prevent you from com- bining text and graphics in the same document. A sam- s follows: ple procedure is 1) Insert the Paint Workdisk and open MacPaint. Tales of the Finder Daniel Farber You probably notice n icon in the pre- mier issue of Macworld that you didn’t find on your Mac desktop. Lon Poole’s “Tour of the Mac Desktop” in that issue mentioned the “Alternate Disk,” and several of the screen shots in Macworld displayed this now-defunct icon below the Write/Paint icon on the Mac desktop. You'll also see this icon in the first printing of the owner's manual, and it turns up as the “Unknown Disk” on the Macintosh Guided Tour dis This species of icon represent any disk that the Finder has never seen. It was to serve as a temporary destination disk for files that the user wanted to copy to an off-line disk. “We put the Alternate Disk in at the last minute be- cause Steve [Jobs] thought that the copy process as designed was convoluted and counter-intuitive,” reports Macintosh pro- grammer Andy Hertzfeld. Jobs thought there should be a proxy disk on the desk- top to initiate the copy proce: This Alternate Disk created some com- plications. “We were running out of time we needed to debug and document the new copy feature, and some people didn’t think it was the best way to go. The week before the software was due to be sent out ‘s for Mac- When your current workdis can create additional workdi. System, Imagewriter, and the appropriate MacWrite or MacPaint files onto a fresh d for duplication, we scrapped it,” Hertzfeld adds. The Mac software team managed to come up with a more practical way to facili- tate the copy process between disks with- out having a proxy disk icon on the de: top. In effect, the destination disk (the disk onto which you want to copy a file or the contents of an entire disk) is an “alternate” disk. Simply ejecting a disk and inserting the disk onto which you want to copy files starts the process. Unfortunately, due to production schedules, the user manuals had already been typeset with the Alternate Disk in place. According to Chris Espinosa, Apple 32 user education manager, “We had man- uals at the printer's in the blue-line stage The only changes you are supposed to be making are for bad reproductions of the art boards. At that point we put a major fe: ture, the Alternate Disk, into the owner guide and documented it fairly well, but it never made it into the software. We will be revising the user manuals so that they match the software and document new fea- tures that are being put into the software. Apple, of course, issued an update (errata sheet) to the manuals and Guided s become filled, you s by copying the Finder, . You might want to 2) Create an image and cut it to the Clipboard. 3) Save the image as a file on the Paint Workdi you wish and quit MacPaint. 4) Eject the Paint Workdisk and insert the Write Workdi 5) Open MacWrite or an existing MacWrite docu- ment. You will be prompted to switch the Paint and Write workdi everal times as the Finder transfers control to the Write Workdisk. 6) During steps 3 through 5, the Clipboard has re- tained the image you drew. Now you can paste it into your MacWrite document. (You can achieve the same result by cutting or copying the image into the Scrap- book.) if 34 May/June 1984 create several such disks for storing correspondence, memos, reports, and drawings. Just keep in mind the following important rule: © Always give each disk a distinctive name. If you don’t, you can become hopelessly confused when you're prompted to switch di @ Make sure that there are copies of the Finder and System files on each disk that contains an applica- tion program such as MacWrite and MacPaint. Make sure that there is also an Imagewriter file if you want to print from that disk. ‘Tour to advise Mac owners to ignore the references to the Alternate Disk and to ex- plain the improved disk-copy procedure. “There are always deadlines and trade-offs that you have to make,” says Hertzfeld. “We're perfectionists—we kept working on itas long as we could to make itas good as we could. We knew we would have to make some compromises and eventually ship it; our dreams would be impotent if we didn't get machines out into the world. Now we have time to tune up the software. We've minimized the number of swaps and made other improvements on the Finder” Finder Update Bud Colligan, Mac software product manager, informs us that a new version of the Finder should be available at Apple dealers by the time you read this is programmer Bruce Horn explains that Finder version 1.1 decreases the number of swaps required for normal file copying by of the buffer. Apple has also included an additional application that reduces by more than half the number of swaps required for copying an entire disk. According to Mac program- mer Steve Capps, “It copies one-fourth of the disk into memory, so any disk takes only eight disk insertions [four swaps] to It isn’t absolutely necessary to follow this rule, but sue. Mac copy.” He adds, “Some other things we im- ire how long it 's to get back to exiting an application, and § to boot the system. We how long it ta have improved those procedures by 20 to 30 percent each.” The revised Finder will also include an option in the Special menu that enables users to specify an initial program load. “You will be able to boot right into an ap- plication such as MacPaint. When users exit the application program, they will re- turn to the Finder,” explains Capps. Although the Mac software team members have initially turned their atten- tion toward improving the Finder, they do not intend to spend all their time fine-tun- ing it. They are currently developing new applications and productivity tool pinosa reports, “We'll be updating the Finder once a year and synchronizing revi- sions with new hardware releases such as hard disks.” With hardware revisions planned for 1985, we can expect that additional revi- sions to the Finder will take advantage of the 256K chip upgrade to a 512K system board and double-sided drives offering users 800K of disk storage. Data Disks ignoring it makes working on a one-drive system im- practical, Whenever an application is started, it looks for a copy of the Finder and a System file from which to get resources, If it finds those files on its own disk, it will use them. Otherwise, it will look for them on the disk that you used to start the Mae, and you'll be asked to swap disks incessantly just to run an application. You can reduce the size of the System file by eliminat- ing fonts, but the System file and the Finder have to be readily accessible to the application. MacWrite and MacPaint can use the same version of the System file, but that’s not the case with other ap- plications. Microsoft's Multiplan, for example, has only two fonts in its System file—specially designed ver- sions of Geneva called Seattle-10 and Seatile-20. Any of your working disks for Multiplan should contain cop- stem file that comes on the Afzedtiplan mas- The aforementioned system for storing data files on the application workdisks is the most convenient in terms of avoiding disk swaps, but it doesn’t use your disks’ storage capacity very efficiently; more than half of every disk is filled with copies of the System and ap- plication files. If you want to economize on disks, or if you want to store a great amount of data, adopt z tem that uses separate data disks. , simply eject one of your ta fresh disk, and initialize it. Give ita name, such as Data Disk 1 or a more specific name that helps you identify its contents. You can also insei isk you have already used and choose Erase Disk from the Special menu. Be sure that you don’t need any information on that disk and Macworld — 35 [@ Getting Started commands in the Edit menu enable you to combine text and graphics from separate MacWrite ard MacPaint workdisks. that you rename the disk to indicate that it’s now a data disk. (Again, make sure that each disk has a distinctive name.) Because you'll be using data disks to store files that you create, you can take advantage of the full 400K pacity of the disk. You do, however, have to run your applications from your workdisks. The following isa sample procedure using MacW 1) Insert the Write Workdisk and open MacWrite. 2) If you are creating a new document, just start typing. 3) If you want to edit an existing document, choose Close from the File menu and then immedi- ately choose Open from the File menu. Now click the Eject button and insert one of your data disks. You'll see a list of all the MacWrite files on that disk. Click on the name of the file you want to edit, and click the Open button. MacWrite will read that file into mem- ory and then prompt you to reinsert the Write Workdisk. 4) When you're finished working on that docu- ment, choose Save from the File menu. You'll be prompted to switch disks again while the Finder sa your edited file to your data disk. A Combination Storage System If you intend to produce several documents, you might find it more convenient to create and save each one on your Write Workdisk and then transfer those files to a data disk for permanent storage. This pro- cedure is also convenient for making backup copies of files. A sample procedure is as follows: 1) Use MacWrite to create several documents and save them on the Write Workdi 2) Quit MacWrite to return to the desktop. 3) Eject the Write Workdisk and insert a data disk. 4) Select the files you want to transfer from the Write Workdisk window. You can select several files at once by dragging a rectangle around all of them or by holding down the Shift key and clicking on each one. Font Mover in System file New ¥ark- 9 New York~12 in Fonts fite San Francisco-10 fa) Wein | (ton Pl Cm, San Francisco 18 Sample 2904 bytes + reserved far system use New York-24 Toronto~ 9 Name: Point size: Disk Space: Figure 6 The Font Mover utility lets you free up space on your disks by removing fonts you don't use from the Systen file, You can et ther delete a font completely or copy it to a separate Kouts file, which you can subsequently move to another disk for storage. 36 May/June 1984 5) Drag one of the selected icons from the Write Workdisk window onto the icon for the data disk. (If you've selected more than one file, you'll see an out- line of all the selected icons fly across the screen as if in formation.) 6) Follow the prompts for switching di the files have been copied. 7) To free up space on your Write Workdisk, select the transferred files and drag them into the Trash. The Finder has eccentricities that you may want to keep in mind. You have to eject the workdisk in step 3 before you can select the files in step 4. The Eject com- mand works on what is selected, and you exn’t eject a selected file. You must reselect the files you copied to remove them to the Trash, Although it would be a bit more convenient (and equally logical) if the Finder kept the original files selected, it just doesn’t work that way. If you drag one or more files into the Trash and then eject the disk, the files in the Trash will be auto- matically removed, without warning, even though you never emptied the Trash. There's no question that if you need to manage large amount of data, purchasing an additional disk drive would be an investment that would quickly pay for itself in time savings and convenience. But if you are on a budget or want the convenience of an easily transportable computer, a Macintosh with one internal drive can serve you well. By experimenting with varia- tions on the above storage plans, you should be able to devise your own work routines that will maximize your disk storage capacity, minimize disk swapping, and make your one-drive Mac a more productive tool. O s until all (Write Worknisk] Moevrite-Sok avatbie-174 Figure 7 You can increase the space available on your Write workdisk by more than 120K by eliminating the MacPaint application, the Scrapbook file, Sample Memo, and unnecessary fonts Compare this chart with the one in Figure 2. The Macintosh has a new ring. The ARTSC! MAGICphone™ creates an entirely new aspect to the APPLE Macintosh”™, that provides a spectrum of voice/telephone communications. Software is provided to manage and dial hundreds of phone numbers and will record and print the details (time, number, and charge) of each call. The phone log can be printed on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis. The mouse is used to select and dial any phone number, and MAGICphone uses TONE dialing to any of the lower-cost telephone carriers like SPRINT and MCI. The MAGICphone also allows control of two separate phone lines. A “hold” feature for each line with lighted indicators is provided. You can then call someone to the phone or pick up an extension and continue the call. The MAGICphone can temporarily stop incoming calls, and the caller will hear a busy signal. The MAGICphone can be used as a stand alone telephone without Macintosh control. Tone dialing and last number redial are standard features. Installation is a snap. You simply plug the MAGICphone into your Macintosh speaker jack, and into your phone line. Available now. $199.95. 905**5 765, Mar. 7, 1984 10:44 M a ) Breath ARTSCI, INC. 5547 Satsuma Avenue Mm. North Hollywood, CA 91601 GrtSci... 813/985-2922 MAGICphone was developed for ARTSCI by Digital Matrix Inc. MAGICphone is a trademark of Artsci, Inc. Macintosh Is a trademark of APPLE Computer, inc. Circle 8 on reader service card Is your desktop a disaster area? Is the doc- ument you need never in the folder it should be in? Did you long ago stop placing files in your filing cabinet in any logical order? Are your calculator, memo pad, and appointment book buried under mounds of papers? If keeping your desk orderly and man- aging your files is an uphill battle, using a Macintosh should help relieve some of the difficulty and the clutter. All the objects you need to accomplish your work exist on the Mac’s electronic desktop and can be ac- Disk icons can have names of up to 27 characters, but shorter names will make your desktop appear less cluttered. Be- cause you'll often be displaying your files by icon (you can’t move files around on the desktop when they are displayed by name, date, size, or kind), you'll have to adjust to working within the 9-inch diagonal space of the Mac screen, File names of about 12 Sa) SS) yn an pea REMEEECEBER DEERE] 3 Sasa et _| Getting Started: File Management Batya) 193395 93955333 5334, WAI SIA JIA IIIA IIIA if fees ~Clean Up Your 3434 ydt4 4743 3344533 43334 q333453 ° see EEG eee EE SR eel SIAN IIIA AIAN Eu ectronic Deskto cee SE SCR UESEUEE URE JIA IAAI IAS ; - RuLetteeetsueceeTttyl Tips for organizing your files SAF 334d pESNSERNECR CeCe SES rom and folders on the Mac EEE SEES wey Basa 3334 334 3434 334 Daniel Farber says that file names can be up to 63 charac- ters long (such a name would string out across more than half of the Mac’s screen) and also notes that dragging around an icon with a long name can be unwieldy. At best, that is an understatement. The Get Info command in the File menu provides an information box about objects on the desktop, so you won't need to depend on the name alone for information about your files, programs, and disks. By giving your disks, files, and folders distinctive names, you can minimize the cessed easily by a click of the mouse. If you Give each disk @ needto open files or disks to see what use another type of personal computer to . they contain. If you are writing a book, for create and manage your files, you'll find diffe rent name to example, name the disk (or disks) contain- that the Mac is a different breed, providing you with more than a “computerized” di- rectory of cryptic file names. Whether you use a Mac for maintain- ing business and personal records, for writing and illustration purposes, or for running sophisticated programs for data base management, financial analysis, or communications, you'll need to adopt some new procedures for keeping track of your files and programs. The following sug- gestions should help you use your Mac more efficiently. What's in a Name? Keep your file names short and con- cise. Unless you have only a few files on your desktop, you'll have to move some of your file icons around to make the names legible (see Figure 1). If you have your files arranged by icon on the desktop, lengthy names tend to overlap when your icons are put in orderly rows and columns (see Fig- ure 2). 38 May/June 1984 eliminate confusion during multiple-disk work sessions. characters are optimal for managing sev- eral files on the desktop. Using lowercase letters will help you squeeze more charac- ters into a file name because the Mac's fonts are proportionately spaced. If you can't easily shorten a name, make sure to place the unique part of it at the front (see Figure 3). When a disk or folder directory is ar- ranged by name, date, size, or kind, file names of about 17 characters are fully visi- ble. The same is true when you access an application directory. The owner's manual ing the book with the book title or an ap- propriate abbreviation. If you need to indicate that the disk contains a specific draft, use a notation system that is simple and easy to remember. Don't title each file with a cryptic name that you might forget six months after you have created it; use the chapter number and section (for exam- ple, Chap. 4-6). You won't necessarily have to include the date in the name because all files, folders, and disks are date-stamped by the Finder. (The Finder is the set of pro- grams that manages files, application pro- grams, and disks on the Mac.) The Get Info command and the View menu options (ex- cept By Icon) will inform you ofa file’s most recent update. 2s. é He Mac) MacP: : v Fon, yer’ ll Trash Puzzle 6|9|8 3|13)9 Macworld 39 _] Getting Started @ File Edit View Special "4 Class Notes 18 items 354K in disk 46K available UEEEE Class Notes MacWwrite Paleontology 4/9 19th Century European Novel 4/ Jews and Moslems in Christian Spe Expenses Expository Writing Seminar 4/10 Religions 4/11 hy sic !9th Century European Navel 4/10 sme Bovar Dickens Term Poper Palenntology 4/11 Expository Writing Assignments Size Kind Last Modified 12K Nuclear Disarma... Mac\¥rite document 14K Social Effects of...MocWrite document sin, were, i9e8 OL | [| Sun, Apr 8, 1984 oat Figure Joe isa freshman in college, and he uses his Mac for all his schoolwork. Unfortunately, his Mac desktop looks like his dormitory room. It is clut- tered because bis files are placed randomly on the desktop and the names are too long. The doc- - @ File Edit View Special Class Notes uments listed by name in the window named “Expository Writing Assignments” are abbrevi- ated by the Finder because they are longer than the space allotted for file or folder names. 18 items 354K in disk 46K available MacWrite Paleo Expository \ Social Effects of Cc History of R Tay} lass, Notes Dickens Term Paper na Figure 2 Choosing the Clean Up command from the Spe- cial menu arranges the icons in order and columns, but because the names of Joe's files and folders are more than about 12 characters 40 May/June 1984 = il Trash in length, they overlap on a crowded desktop. He'll have to drag some of the icons to an open space to figure out what they are called. Labeling Your Disks One of the most basic and important techniques for keeping track of file: beling micro-floppy disks clearly with the files or type of files they contain. Other- e, you'll be starting up disks and check- ing their contents unnecessarily. work disks and data disks concise names to indicate their contents (the more specific the better), and give each disk a different name to eliminate confusion during multi- ple-disk work sessions. File Catalog You might find that you don’t have enough room on your disk label to write all the information you need to give an accu