peelings ii v3n3 1982

f i | HH) i «<, THE MAGAZINE OF APPLE SOFTWARE EVALUATION MARCH 1982 | : $2.50 ' GRAPHICS: 3D Graphics Package Special Effects Hi-Res Secrets TASC: The Applesoft Compiler PACK IF YOU LIKED OUR POOL 1.5, YOU’LL LOVE TRICK SHOT!" «Watch for the “GREAT TRICK SHOT TOURNAMENT ™ FOR YOUR IDS! P.0. BOX 1658 LAS GRUCES, NM 88004 505-522-7375 ARTSCI explains why some word processing systems are better than others. Let’s begin with an easy to understand explanation of what a word processor is and how ARTSCI has created a professional system. A word processing system is simply an easier, faster and less expensive way to type. With'a modern word processor, documents are entered on a video screen instead of paper. You can enter your first rough draft without concern about errors or spelling. Simply go back and insert letters, delete words and even move paragraphs with a few keystrokes. No document will ever have to be retyped. WORD PROCESSING AND THE APPLE II The APPLE I1 is the most expandable, inexpensive micro- computer available today. It can perform almost any task, including word processing. The standard APPLE H however, uses a 40 column video display. This display causes a serious word processing problem: How do you display a full sized 80 column letter? Most word processing programs available today do not solve this problem &% <g THE MAGIC WINDOW ARTSCI has developed the MAGIC WINDOW word processing system that incorporates the full power of a professional word processor and solves the APPLE'S display problem without expensive hardware. — The first feature of a professional word processing system is the ability to enter and edit data in a fast and friendly manner. The MAGIC WINDOW operates just like a standard typewriter. The electronic paper moves to the left across the video screen as you type. Almost any size document can be represented on the video screen. You can see the edges of the paper through this MAGIC WINDOW as you type. fi The rule is: What you see on the screen is what you'll get in print. However, if you print using proportional spacing, the result will look even better than the screen. This typewriter simulation, together with simple to use menu selection of functions and electronic editing abilities, creates the finest word processor available on the standard APPLE II. MAGIC SPELL The second feature of an advanced word processor is the ability to find and correct mistakes. The most common mistakes in most documents is the misspelled word. ARTSCI’s MAGIC SPELL program will take any document you can create and find spelling errors. Over 14,000 commonly misspelled words are known to MAGIC SPELL. You can also add new words to the vocabulary at any time. CUSTOM LETTERS The third feature of a professional > word processing system is the ability to alter a document by replacing *~ names and other related data from mailing lists. Form letters, invoices, and almost any document can be individualized by replacing names, addresses or any other personal data anywhere in the document using ARTSCT’S BASIC MAILER. By using the BASIC MAILER you can take any mailing list and sort through the list by different criteria and print personalized letters with a few simple keystrokes. A COMPLETE SYSTEM These three programs, THE MAGIC WINDOW, MAGIC SPELL AND THE BASIC MAILER, together form the only complete and professional word processing system available on ‘Apple isa trademark of Apple Computer Ine, the standard APPLE II computer system. ARTSCI TAKES THE WORK OUT OF WORD PROCESSING For a more thorough explanation of the ARTSCI word processing system send for our free booklet. ; Mail to: J ARTSCI INC | 10432 Burbank Blvd, North Hollywood, California 91601-9990 ; (213) 985-2922 | Name PCompany — y J Address State Zip. | City [Phone — ber MI CC BY CA by Chris Jochumson and Mark Pelczarski 3 Now anyone can put profes- sional graphics into their own programs. The Graphics Magi- cian contains machine language animation routines that use the same techniques as most of the popular Apple arcade games. Three animation editors let you design your figures, their paths, and assemble animation with up Graphics ; Tlagician): eerie picturefobject builder that lets you store hundreds of 100-color pictures ‘on a single disk and recall them quickly from your own programs. These exact routines are being used in the new graphic adventure games from Scott Adams’ Adventure International. Plus, a new shape editor greatly ex- tends the capabilities of Apple shape tables with multicolors and angles that are preserved on scaling. All design of graphics is done through menu- driven editors; to use in your programs, just attach our machine language routines. Extensive documentation makes this package easy to use for the beginning programmer, yet flexible enough for the most advanced Add a New Dimension to your Apple! with THE SPACE TABLET a 3-D Graphics Tablet This incredible new device pro- duced by Micro Control Systems, Inc. functions as a standard graphics tablet in two dimensions, until you decide to expand to real-world 3-dimensional input. Now you can trace 3-D objects, either real or imaginary, then view and modify them in 3-D perspective with your Apple computer. The 16”x13” tablet comes with a customized version of The Complete Graphics System, specifically designed to accept input from three dimen- sions. In addition, the Space Tablet includes machine language soft- ware that allows you to design your own programs using 3-D in- put. This unique hardware/software package also comes at a very pal- atable price - half the cost of most standard graphics tablets. See your Penguin Software dealer today! The Complete Graphics System IL paddle/joystick version $69.95 Apple Tablet or Hi-Pad version $119.95 Additional Fonts and Character Sets for The Complete Graphics System (50 fonts on two disks) $19.95 The Graphics Magician paddle/joystick version $59.95 Special Effects paddle/joystick version $39.95 Apple Tablet or Hi-Pad version $69.95 The Space Tablet, with custom version of The Complete Graphics System $395 pensuin software The Leader in Apple Graphics All Products Now on Non-Protected Disks All products require an Apple Il with Applesoft, 48K, and a disk drive. See yourdealer, or contact us. PENSUINA VISA and MASTERCARD accepted. THE COMPLETE — GRAPHICS SYSTEM This improved version of the already pop- ular Complete Graphics System is a com- plete and easy to use 2dimensional and 3- dimensional graphics design package for the non-programmer. Create color screen images with lines, circles, el- lipses, automatic 108-color filling, and “paintbrushes”. Use high-resolution text anywhere on the screen in dozens of colors. Create and edit shape tables, and shrink pictures for multiple dis- plays. Amazing 3-D routines let you draw the parts of 3-D objects on the screen, then assemble, rotate, and edit them visually in true 3-D perspective. All the software is easy to use, even for the novice. Programmers can use the graphics, and even our machine # language routines, in their own soft- ware. This one package than most other graph packages combined. Find out why The Complete Graphics System is top rated in Apple graphics. Development of a 3-D image using The Complete Graphics System. by Mark Pelezarski Like nothing else on the market, this unique software package allows you to escape the “coloring book’ ap- proach to computer graphics, giving you a palette of 108 colors and 96 different brushes for creating or enhancing _ color computer images. Also included is a magnifying mode that lets you magnify images 2 or 4 times and edit them point-by-point, a “picture packer” that lets you store images ina fraction of the space normally taken, and a set of tricks that allow you to reverse colors, perform mirror images, and move parts of screen images around and to other pictures. Special Effects is great as a stand- alone package ~ or the perfect complement to The Complete Graphics System. for your Convenience 830 4th Avenue Geneva, IL 60134 WE G12) 232-1984 Apple Il is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. ion ‘iia Publisher: Peelings Il, Inc. Associate Editors: Edward Burlbaw John Martellaro John Mitchener Editorial Assistant Jane Trego Director Marketing & Communications: Rebecca Winecup Subscription Dept: Lorie Browne Cover Art Richard D. Bishop Printing & Layout Modern Press, Albuquerque, N.M. SUBSCRIPTION RATES 9 issues (1 year) $21.00 US. 3rd Class 18 issues (2 years) $38.00 First Class Post add: $ 7.50 per year Current issue price $ 2.50 Back issues $ 4,00 3rd Class NEW FOREIGN RATES CANADA, MEXICO 9 issues (1 year) $28.50 18 issues (2 years) $53.00 Back issues $ 5.00 1st Class All Other Foreign, Air Mail: 9 issues (1 year) $44.00 18 issues (2 years) $81.00 Back issues $ 6.00 Air Mail All foreign orders must be remitted in U.S. funds drawn on a U.S. bank. BILLINGS: Peelings II does not bill for subscriptions except for major institutions and schools. (There is no school discount, but subscrip- tions can be pro-rated.) There will be an ad- ditional $3.00 fee for billings. All regular mail and subscritpion cor- respondence: P.O. Box 188, Las Cruces, NM 88004-0188. UPS Address: 2260 Oleander, Las Cruces, NM 88001. Phone: (505) 526-8364. PEELINGS II is published nine times for $21 per year by Peelings Il, Inc., 2260 Oleander, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88001. Application to mail at second-class rates is pending at Las Cruces, NM. POSTMASTER: Send Address changes to PEELINGS II, P.O. Box 188, Las Cruces, NM 88004. THE MAGAZINE OF APPLE SOFTWARE EVALUATION Volume 3, Number 3 March 1982 UTILITIES 8 Utility City Published by Beagle Brothes, Reviewed by Michael Weasner 15 The Applesoft Compiler Published by Microsoft, Reviewed by John Martellaro 12* Super Disk Copy III Published by Sensible Software, Reviewed by John Martellaro 13*Memory Management System II Published by Computer Data Services, Reviewed by Edward Burlbaw 20* MasterDisk Published by Masterworks Software, Reviewed by Michael Weasner SCIENTIFIC 22 HSD STATS Published by Human System Dynamics, Reviewed by Helena Martellaro 26 Statistics 3.0 Published by Edu-Ware, Reviewed by Helena Martellaro GRAPHICS 29* A2-3D1 Animation Package Published by SubLOGIC, Reviewed by Tom Little 31*A2-3D2 Package Enhancement Published by SubLOGIC, Reviewed by Tom Little 34* A2-GE1 Graphics Editor Published by SubLOGIC, Reviewed by Tom Little 37* Hi-res Secrets Published by Avant-Garde, Reviewed by Tom Little 39 Special Effects Published by Penguin Software, Reviewed by Tom Little EDUCATIONAL 40 MasterType Published by Lightning Software, Reviewed by Dr. Virginia Owens 40 Micro Atlas Published by Columbia Software, Reviewed by Sandy Abernathy HOME FINANCES 44 Chequemate Published by Masterworks Software, Reviewed by John Mitchener GAMES 47 Hi-res Golf Published by Avant-Garde, Reviewed by Edward Burlbaw DEPARTMENTS Peelings( || 48 Advertiser’s Index 6 Next Issue 4 Editorial 6 Peelings Ratings * Reader Requested Reviews 6 Authors 4 AAA Software Discovered 4 Back Issues March 1982 EDITORIAL - SCIENTIFIC SOFTWARE I have owned a Hewlett-Packard HP-67 programmable scientific calculator for about 5 years. It has 224 steps of pro- gram memory, stores its programs on magnetic cards, and sells now for about $300. It is a very high quality machine and more powerful than you might think. (The newest generation HP-41C is even more powerful.) Hewlett-Packard sells “ap- plication packs” for this machine which consist of a holder for the magnetic cards and a very thorough, spiral bound manual. I won't say “instruction” manual because it is much more than that. There are perhaps fifteen to twenty programs in the manual, and each chapter has an introduction showing the ap- plicable equations, a section on exactly how to enter the data, a section of sample problems so you can check out the pro- gram, and finally a complete listing of the code that generates the results. (My statistics package has over 100 pages and sells for $30.00) I have used the math and statistics packages frequently in graduate school and never had a problem. In fact, the introductory chapters with their cogent listing and explana- tion of the formulas were often a better reference than many textbooks. In addition, there are many engineers in the HP calculator users community that go over the programs, and while an occasional bug has been found, these packages are uniformly correct and professionally done. In direct contrast, most statistics programs reviewed so far in Peelings II hide the equations with protected software and do not provide a listing of the equations used or any of the ra- tionale for their use. I now have a firm belief that producing scientific or mathematical software without a complete listing of all the formulas used and the assumptions of their use is totally unacceptable. Such information is vital in confirming that the vendor knows what he is doing, and it is also vital for confirming the results of the program. Programs that do not give correct or consistent answers or mislead the user into making fatal errors or which can bomb leaving the user with no hope but to hit RESET rebooting the disk are unacceptable. The experiences so far lead me to the following observations. 1. You as a user of any mathematical or scientific program are entitled to a complete explanation of what the program is doing, a listing of applicable equations, and the assumptions involved in their use. 2. You as a user are entitled to make as many backups of your program as you need to do your work. The documenta- tion supplied should be so thorough and well done that a) the program is of limited use without it, b) the documentation is the major profit item, and c) it actually serves as an education- al item. Anything less is an open invitation to piracy. 3. Major calculations should be structured in such a way that display code is isolated from the important calculations to allow a user to find algorithm subroutines that make evident the techniques used to obtain the results. If the program is compiled, the source code should be supplied in machine readable form as well. 4. The vendor should hire consultants who are ex- perienced and expert in the field, if necessary, to ensure that programs that deal with scientific and mathematical calcula- tions are completely correct. Prospective buyers should ex- amine carefully the credentials and educational background of the authors. Not everything that comes out of a computer is to be believed. 5. Users of the product have an obligation to report errors or problems so that the vendor can send out corrections. Simply stashing the program on the shelf and grumbling about “lousy software” does nothing to improve the quality of the software on the market and is an irresponsible attitude. In my opinion, copy protected, list protected computer software for scientific purposes is completely inappropriate. Vendors who feel that they must hide their work are at direct odds with the concepts of both the scientific method and the adversary method of truth finding. In the future, Peelings II is going to be taking long, hard, sober looks at scientific and mathematical software with the above concepts in mind. John Martellaro BACK ISSUES Our first three issues VIN1 - V1N3 are forever unavail- able. They will NOT be reprinted, and the reviews are out of date. Remaining back issues are $4.00 ppd Third Class Postage. V1N1 Depleted VIN2 Depleted V1N3 Depleted VI1N4 Limited V2N3 Available V2N4 Available V2N5 Available V2N6 Limited V2N1 Depleted V2N2 Available V3N1 Available V3N2 Available AAA SOFTWARE DISCOVERED Peelings II has been looking at software since the early spring of 1980. At the time, we set a standard for AAA soft- ware that we had no idea would be so difficult to obtain. Many programs have come close, but no cigar. Finally, we have run across a AAA product, regrettably not published in the U.S. The author, Graeme Scott, is a programmer for Bell Northern Systems and lives near Toronto. He has written some ab- solutely astounding communications software that does things no one has thought of to date. In the next issue, we expect to review his programs. [ Peelings II Why does EDU-WARE bother to delve into the educational needs of today’s society ? ecause at Edu-Ware, we are scientists on the frontiers of instruction. Our concern is with finding the best ways to communicate the knowledge needed and the tools to use it. du-Ware is not interested in creating solutions to chase nonexistent problems, but in applying its technology to core curriculum areas for which demand exists today. n 1981, Edu-Ware established 97 evaluation sites at schools and universities across the country, making a major commitment to research of CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction) and other instructional technologies. The project is the first step in establishing a national board, which will review standards of performance and quality for instructional systems in the United States and abroad. This project helps Edu-Ware to find a better way.” du-Ware’s Instructional Designers apply their tools to the development of learning software systems, establishing an ease and effectiveness with which the microcomputer can become a part of the classroom and enhancing the learner's performance. he professional programming staff at Edu-Ware takes CAI beyond simple text-page displays and converted school book formats. Working to a script prepared by an Instructional Designer, the programmers construct learning software in which parents, educators, and learners can have confidence. Itimately, the Science of Edu-Ware is measured in its results, in what Edu-Ware offers parents, educators, and learners: a better way. At Edu-Ware, Instructional Designers work together to develop learning software strategies. *For details about the Test Site Project, contact Edu-Ware. School purchase orders welcome. DUO WARE The Science of Learning™ Edu-Ware Services, Inc. * P.O. Box 22222 * Agoura, CA 91301 « (213) 706-0661 | | | i THE AUTHORS Sandy Abernathy describes herself as “living on a farm south of Las Cruces with her husband George, a resident roadrunner family, various domestic feathered friends, and whatever college age kids (four) happen to be around.” She taught elementary school for 13 years and was last a language arts and science teacher. Presently, she is working on a doc- torate in Educational Management at New Mexico State University. Her hobbies include fishing, camping, swimming, reading, and using her Apple. Edward Burlbaw works for Science & Technology Corp and is a Ph.D candidate in physics at New Mexico State University specializing in applied physics. His background is in physics electronics and mathematics. He has a B.S. in physics, an M.S. in mathematics, and an MLS. in physics. Ed- ward enjoys snow skiing and electronics. Tom Little is a senior at New Mexico State University working on a B.S. with a dual major: physics and computer science. He is also the administrator of the computer center’s UNIX system. Tom’s hobbies are growing irises and writing science fiction (none yet published however). John Martellaro is an operations research analyst for TRASANA, White Sands Missile Range working in computer graphics and combat simulation models. He has a B.S. in astrophysics and an MLS. in physics. John enjoys computer chess, science fiction and astronomy. Helena Martellaro is a Ph.D. candidate in Educational Management at New Mexico State University. She holds a B.S. in physics and an MLS. in Educational Management. In her spare time, she works on the staff and enjoys science fic- tion and tennis. John Mitchener is a Personnel Management Specialist at White Sands Missile Range and president of the Mesilla Valley Orchard (the local IAC Chapter). He is a former Electronics Warfare Analyst for the U.S. Army and has a B.S. in psychol- ogy. John’s hobbies are ballooning, cooking, and ham radio. Virginia L. Owens is an assistant professor in the Depart- ment of Educational Management and Development and New Mexico State University. She holds a B.A. in History, an M.A. in Political Science, and a Ph.D. in Educational Administra- tion. Her research interests include the utilization of computer technology to improve the decision-making processes in management systems. Virginia enjoys needlepoint and cooking. Michael Weasner is a U.S.A.F. Captain and a fighter pilot/instructor with multiple FAA ratings. He is currently as- signed to the Dept. of Defense Space Shuttle Program Office in Los Angeles. He is a member of the Aerospace Apple Com- puter Group and the L-5 Society. Mike holds a B.S. in astro- physics. Besides flying, his interests include science fiction, space, and computers. 6 Peelings Ratings Peelings Ratings are a letter grade designed to indicate an overall impression of the product. It is a measure of how well the publisher did the job he intended to do taking into con- sideration comparison to other similar products, price to per- formance, ease of use, documentation, and sophistication. We stress that you should not skip a review or disparage a program because it receives a low rating. The rating alone can never tell the whole story. Only reading the entire review will give you all the information you need. For this reason, the rating should never be quoted alone without reference to text of the review. The Peelings II rating categories follow: Some example criteria are given for the categories, but they are not meant to be all inclusive. AAA - Absolutely astounding software. We have seen one program in two years that fits this category. AA - Top notch, superb. Programs in this class genefally use the most sophisticated programming techniques and have excellent documentation. A - Very good. Software in this class incorporates very good programming techniques and has clear and informative documentation. B-- Good. Software in this class may have minor errors or be slightly flawed, it may be lacking in thorough documenta- tion, or it may just be unexciting. C - Average. Software of a mediocre nature. There may be a lack of good programming concepts or lack of good error trapping. It may be a repeat of other work, or have a low per- formance/price ratio. D - Below Average. Software with a blatant disregard for the user in terms of programming design, unacceptable documentation, or unacceptable price to performance ratio. F - Unacceptable. Software of such poor value or usability that it should not be marketed. P - Pending. The rating is on hold for comparison to the other similar types or it is not yet appropriate to give a rating (e.g., mini-review). R - Provisional. The reviewer has seen enough to give a tentative letter grade, but there may be more analysis necessary, or new documentation may be in the works, or some program bugs may still be present. Followed by a letter, e.g., RC. N - No Rating. The reviewer abstains, or a rating is inappropriate. NEXT ISSUE Many of you may be concerned these days about the possible obsolescence of your Apple II with its 6502 microprocessor. But you already have a tidy investment in a monitor, keyboard, memory, probably a disk drive or two and perhaps a printer. One very workable solution is an additional processor. You already know about the success of putting a Z-80 in your Apple II. Next month we are going to be looking at a few new, very exciting hardware products that are de- signed to speed up and enhance the life of your Apple Il: Digital Acoustic’s 68000 board and Applied Analytic’s Micro Speed. 0 Peelings II e = e m e % S PO Q Ry ?, ?, ° > THE APPLE SPELLER fills the void that has consistently kept the large variety of excellent word processing packages for the Apple II Computer from approaching the power of a dedicated work processor. Finally, the first professional quality spelling verification program is available for the Apple Il. The Apple Speller will certainly be the standard against which all other similar programs are compared. The Apple Speller interfaces to the most popular Apple word processors, including Applewriter, Apple Pie, Executive Secretary, Letter Perfect, Magic Window, and Superscribe Il, just to name a few. In fact, The Apple Speller can analyze the output of any editor that writes a standard Apple binary or text file to a diskette. In addition to this flexibility, the per- formance of The Apple Speller will astound the microcomputer world. The Apple Speller is supplied with a 30,000+ word dictionary ona single 5%" diskette with additional space to easily add another 8,000 words to suit your individual needs. APPLE 1s a registered trademark of APPLE Computer Company The Apple Speller has built-in utilities to maintain the dictionary diskette. You can readily add words, delete words, and create an unlimited num- ber of modified and/or new diction- aries for specific application. The Apple Speller is unbelievably fast. The first pass reads your docu- ment and collects all the words it contains at a rate of 5,000 words per minute. Next, the words are compared to the dictionary for spell- ing errors at the incredible speed of 50,000 words per minute. Finally, all misspelled words are marked as such in your document with a rate of 1,000 words per minute. This translates to proofreading a 10 page document in 1 minute if there are no spelling mistakes and 2 minutes, 15 seconds for an unlimited number of spelling errors. Numerous options are provided throughout the program to enable you to completely control all activi- ties of The Apple Speller. These include the ability to ignore both control codes and formatting com- mands, an alphabetical listing of either mispelled words or all the words in your document along with usage frequencies, multiple options for the action taken with each misspelled word, and much, much more! A verification mode is pro- vided to allow you to examine and dispense with misspelled words while viewing them in the actual context in which they appeared in your file. The Apple Speller requires an Apple Il/Apple Il + equipped with 48K, DOS 3.3, and 1 or 2 disk drives. Two disk drives are required to delete or add words to the dictionary. The Apple Speller is being intro- duced at the incredible price of $75.00! (on pen Sensible Software 6619 Perham Drive Dept. P. West Bloomfield, Michigan 48033 (313) 399-8877 Visa and Mastercard Welcome Please add $1.25 postage and handling per diskette Please specify program desired Registered Trademark of DIGITAL RESEARCH CORP. Registered Trademark of MUSE SOFTWARE UTILITY CITY Bert Kersey Beagle Bros. Micro Software 4315 Sierra Vista San Diego, CA 92103 714-296-6400 $29.50 Applesoft 48K, Applesoft ROM, 1 drive, printer (optional) DOS 3.2/3.3 Unlocked Rating: A Reviewed by Michael L. Weasner INTRODUCTION Utility City (UC) is a collection of programs for both the programmer and for the general Apple user. Each program will be briefly discussed in this review. With the UC disk comes an 11x17 inch PEEKS, POKEs, and Pointers chart and the Apple Tip Book #3 (which includes the UC manual). THE CHART The chart lists several Apple memory locations in both decimal and hexidecimal and includes many DOS and general subroutines that can be executed with a CALL. This chart is much more useful than Beagle Bros.’ previous offer- ing (see DOS Boss review, Peelings V2N5). APPLE TIP BOOK #3 (AND UC MANUAL) The Tip Book is another compilation of many useful (and some useless) tips, ideas, and programs in a 5-2 x 8-42 inch book. The first 25 pages comprise the tip book; the remain- ing 20 the UC manual. The manual explains the UC pro- grams in sufficient detail to use them. There are, however, a few oversights that will be explained in this review. (There is aBUGLIST program on the disk that updates the manual, so it is hoped the oversights mentioned here will appear on newer releases.) THE PROGRAMS The following alphabetical list of programs is what com- prises UC. There are the usual Beagle Bros. commercials on the disk done in typically fine fashion! Each program is covered in the order in which it appears in the manual. It should be noted that most of the programs are Applesoft or text files; all are usable with Applesoft programs except as noted in the discussion. 1. ADDRESS CHECKER 7. CTRL-FIND 2. BFIND 8. DEC 3. BIGLINER 9. DEX 4. CHR$ POKER 10. DOUBLE LOADER 5. COMMAND ZAP 11. FILENAME ZAP 6. CONNECT 12. HEX 8 13. INT CONVERTER 20. RUN COUNTER 14. KEY-CAT 21. RUN DATER 15. KILL-CAT 22. SCREENWRITER 16. LINE SEARCH 23. SORTFILE 17. MULTI-CAT 24, TEST PATTERNS 18. REM FIND 25. TEXT DUMP 19. REM ZAP 26. XLISTER FILENAME ZAP This utility creates invisible, flashing, inverse, or normal filenames in your disk catalogs. The invisible filename routine allows you to select the option of having the file type code (A,I,B,T) and the sectors visible or invisible. The pro- gram is easy to use, but I wish there was a routine to make invisible filenames visible again. Access to files with invisible names must be done through a program. Access to IN- VERSE or FLASH files is accomplished via the Apple screen editing functions (ESC sequences). COMMAND ZAP This is a tricky little utility to make program lines invisible or appear to be other than what they are. First write your pro- gram: then include the special characters as indicated in the manual: then EXEC COMMAND ZAP. The utility requests the line number you want changed, so you must know what lines require changing. COMMAND ZAP can be used to create “fake” lines in your program by making the actual lines invisible or can create fancy titles to your listings by eliminating line numbers and the REM. It should be recog- nized that these changes work only on listings to the screen since baskspaces are used to create the illusion. Listings to a printer (with backspace capability) will overprint the old por- tion with the changes making for a messy printout. LINE SEARCH Line Search locates Applesoft program line numbers in memory. Load the program you wish to examine and EXEC LINE SEARCH. Starting and ending addresses of your pro- gram are displayed (dec and hex). You then enter the line numbers you are interested in. Starting and ending addresses are displayed for that line and you can search as many lines as you wish with one exception: a zero indicates exit from the utility so line #0 can not be searched. This is a minor an- noyance. The utility is useful for repairing “garbaged” pro- gram lines or making “illegal” changes to your program. The four page discussion of the utility includes very useful infor- mation on how the Apple stores Applesoft programs in memory and the use of “tokens.” If you don’t already have this type of utility, I suggest that UC may be the appropriate place to get it. SCREENWRITER This is one of the most useful utilities on UC. You can create standard Apple text screen layouts that include NOR- MAL, FLASH, INVERSE, centered, or right/left justified text Peelings II COLLEGE BOARD SAT* PREP SERIES TRS-80, APPLE, PET, OSI, ATARI, CP/M, PDP-11 Each program confronts the user with a virtually limitless series of questions and answers. Each is based on past exams and presents material on the same level of difficulty and in the same form used in the S.A.T. Scoring is provided in accordance with the formula used by College Boards. S.A.T., P.S.A.T., N.M.S.Q.T. — Educator Edition set includes 25 programs covering Vocabulary, Word Relationships, Reading Comprehension, Sentence Completion, and Mathematics. Independent tests of S.A.T. series performance show a mean total increase of 70 points in students’ scores. Price $229.95 GRADUATE RECORD EXAM Series — Educator Edition includes 28 programs covering Vocabulary, Word Relation- ships, Reading Comprehension, Sentence Completion, Mathematics, Analytical Reasoning and Logical Diagrams. Price $289.95 COMPETENCY PROFICIENCY EXAM PREP SERIES This comprehensive set of programs consists of simulated exam modules, a thorough diagnostic package, and a complete set of instructional programs. It is designed to teach concepts and operations, provide drill and practice and assess achievement levels through pre and post testing. The Competency Exam Preparation Series provides a struc- tured, sequential, curriculum encompassing mathematical, reading and writing instruction. This program is designed for individual student use or use in a classroom setting. Programs provide optional printer capability covering worksheet generation and performance monitoring. C.E.P.S. are available in three software formats. Special editions available for California Proficiency Assessment Test and New York Regents Competency Tests. Call for Prices. M.LT. Logo for Apple $179.95 . Includes Alice In Logoland) Odyssey In Time ( 9 ) KNEW This spectacular adventure game adds a z _ te MICRO-DEUTSCH & new dimension cf exe|tement ana complex: Micro-Deutsch set includes 24 grammar les- a Seen Bre latueiés AI‘the’étial sons, covering all material of an introductory lenges of Time Traveler plus 10 additional German course. Four test units also included. eras. Each game is different and may be in- Grammar lessons use substitution transformation terrupted and saved at any point for later drills, item ordering, translations and verb drills. play. $39.95 Drill vocabulary based on frequency lists. Suit- able for use with any high school or college text- book. Extensively field tested at SUNY Stony Brook. Available for Apple Il and PET/CBM. (PET version includes a special foreign language character chip.) Also available soon: MICRO-FRANCAIS, MICRO-ESPANOL, MICRO-IVRIT, MICRO-YIDDISH, MICRO-CHINESE, MICRO- Time Traveler The best of the adventure games. Confronts the player with complex decision situations and the demand for real time action. Using the Time Machine, players face a challeng- ing series of historical environments. To JAPANESE. $179.95 succeed you must build alliances and struggle with the ruling power. Each game te NEW + is unique. $24.95 Pythagoras and The Dragon*x Mathematics in a fantasy game context. Based Isaac Newton + F.G. Newton on The Sword of Zedek, Pythagoras and The Perhaps the most fascinating and valuable Full Graphics Newton. This Dragon introduces Pythagoras as a mentor to educational game ever devised - ISAAC version of Isaac Newton pre- | the player. When called on for aid, Pythagoras NEWTON challenges the players (1-4) to sents all data in graphic form. ; ; assemble evidence and discern the under. Because data is graphic rather | P0S@S math questions, and depending on the lying “Laws of Nature” that have produced than symbolic, this game is speed and accuracy of the player response, con- this evidence. ISAAC NEWTON is an induc- suitable for very young child- fers secret information. With Pythagoras as an tive game that allows players to intervene ren. Players may select diffi- ally, the quest to overthrow Ra, The Master of actvely by proosing experiments foceter culty level Coayaraina tothe | Evi assumes a new dimension of complxiy Nature” in question. Players may set the s49.95 | Depending on the level chosen, problems range level of difficulty from simple to fiendishly from arithmetic through plane geometry. complex. 32K $39.95 Free Bonus with purchase of $300.00 or more: Applesoft Tutor Series Krell Software Corp. has no official ties with the College Entrance Examination Board or the Educational Testing Service. Krell is, however, a z supplier of products to the E.T.S. a PROGRAMS AVAILABLE FOR ‘TRS-80, APPLE II, PET & ATARI “The State of the Art in Educational Computing’ N-Y.S. residents add sales tax Alll programs require 16K @ TRS-80 programs require 21 Millbrook Drive, Stony Brook, N.Y. 11790 (516) 751-5139 LEVEL II BASIC @ APPLE programs require Apple- soft BASIC and do it as easily as typing the text on the screen. What you make can be saved to disk and then BLOADed from within your programs. Use of SCREENWRITER is easy and straightforward. One nice feature is a flashing HI-RES grid which can be superimposed over your text screen to help you with the formatting. Previously created and saved screens can be loaded and edited or dumped to a printer. One cau- tion: to view the utility commands, you type a CTRL-C. This works fine as long as the text you are entering when you type CTRL-C is NORMAL or INVERSE. The program hangs if in the FLASH mode when CTRL-C is entered. The best way to avoid the problem is to always return to NORMAL before trying to view the commands display. If the program does hang, you must reboot, losing your screen. The program as supplied does not support a two drive system but is modifiable (as are most of the UC programs). INT CONVERTER This program converts Integer BASIC programs to Ap- plesoft. The utility converts your Integer program to a text file, switches to Applesoft BASIC, and EXECs the text file back into memory. You must correct all improper syntax. Again, a two drive system is not supported, but the utility can be modified. This utility requires Integer BASIC. BFIND BFIND displays the starting address and length of last BLOADed program. BLOAD the program desired and EX- EC BFIND. This utility doesn’t replace FID but does give im- portant data if your CATALOG program lacks this function. (You can do this yourself with an EXEC file: PRINT “LEN= ”; PEEK (43617) * 256 + PEEK (43616) PRINT “LOC = ”; PEEK (43635) * 256 + PEEK (43634) AJM) SORTFILE SORTFILE allows you to create a list and save the alphabetically sorted list to disk, and can load the file back in- to memory for addition, deletion, or renaming of items. Standard text files are used. Program displays available memory left. Sorted files can be printed to the screen or printer. To delete or rename an item requires you to know the item number or you can enter the first characters of the item (program will then supply only the first matching item). A simple program for simple uses. CONNECT This utility may be used to connect together two Ap- plesoft programs. Normally the program to be appended must have higher line numbers than the original one. The lower numbered program is retained in memory while the higher numbered program is LOADed from disk after EXEC- ing CONNECT. One note: after LOADing the first program, you type the following in immediate mode: A$ = “filename” 10 This is the file that will be LOADed from disk, and you may specify slot and drive numbers as part of the string. One nice use is to have repeating line numbers in your programs. Best use here would be with REM statements at the end of your program although any unreferenced line numbers can be repeated without messing up the program flow. By com- bining with the COMMAND ZAP utility, you certainly could confuse prying eyes. TEXT DUMP This program prints a text screen on your printer. Using CONNECT, TEXT DUMP is appended to your program and a GOTO 63900 (not 63990 as mentioned twice in the manual) is inserted wherever you want a screen printout. Utility can be modified to print many screens within a pro- gram. Both BUGLIST and the program listing mention that if your printer can print emphasized letters then the utility can be modified to print INVERSE or FLASH characters as em- phasized. However it was not immediately obvious how to change the necessary lines to accomplish this even though the lines to be changed are noted by REMs. REM ZAP/REM FIND/CTRL-FIND REM ZAP converts letters (except “M”) to control characters in specified REM statements. Hence these letters will be invisible in a listing (although funny things may hap- pen like bells or line feeds; CTRL-G and CTRL-J, respective- ly.) REM FIND AND CTRL-FIND convert control characters to INVERSE and thus make these REM statements visible again. These last two utilities can also be used to find control characters in other program listings or catalogs; a valuable utility to have at times. ADDRESS CHECKER This program is mostly for learning about Apple memory usage. It PEEKS a range of addresses (user specifies the start address) and then displays 88 to 110 memory locations on the screen and the current (decimal) value stored there. Ap- ple commands can be changed from within the utility to determine the effect of the change on memory. Values that change when the utility is rerun appear flashing; not really useful but interesting. MULTI-CAT/KEY-CAT/KILL-CAT MULTI-CAT creates multiple column catalog printouts to screen or printer. Use for printing hard copies of long catalogs on single sheets of paper. With 132 columns and leaving off file codes, you can printout ten columns of filenames (eleven characters/filename). Options selectable are disk ID, printer on?, printer width, columns desired, print file codes?, and vertical spacing between lines. The max- imum number of characters in a filename to be printed is displayed to allow changes before actually printing. Single drive use only. KEY-CAT is a single keystroke CATALOG and RUN utility. It is also available on the DOS Boss package (Beagle Bros.) and was previously reviewed in Peelings (V2N5, page 32). Peelings II KILL-CAT is a short and sometimes useful utility to allow clean break on long catalogs. The key to break on can be changed. If three lines from KILL-CAT are added to your boot program, you can always have the capability whenever the disk is booted. DOUBLE LOADER This utility creates a text file which relocates the Ap- plesoft program currently in memory, RUNs another pro- gram from disk and then moves the original program back to where it belongs so it can be accessed. The program to be RUN from disk must have four POKEs made in the last line executed. The utility is useful to RUN utilities that you may need while programming. The explanation of the use of DOUBLE LOADER is a bit complicated, but you are forewarned of this by Beagle Bros. The manual states: “Read this carefully and take notes. Then rewrite it so it makes sense to you.” (They weren't kidding either!) One limitation to the use of this utility will be the size of the individual programs. RUN COUNTER/RUN DATER These are interesting little utilities to append to the begin- ning of your programs (with the CONNECT utility) that will either display the numbr of times a program has been run, update this number or display the date of the last run and re- quest today’s date. Before program execution continues, the program is UNLOCKed, SAVEd, and LOCKed on the disk. It is nice to have utility if you are interested in seeing just how often you use a particular program or programs. One note: no line number less than 17 can be in the original program. CHR$ POKER This converts VTAB/HTAB locations on the text screen and any characters (including “__”, “\”, and “ [”) toa POKE statement for NORMAL, INVERSE, and FLASH. The POKEs can then be included in your program. For involved screens, SCREENWRITER is probably easier to use, but for a small amount of special applications, CHR$ POKER could save some searching through your manuals for ASCII codes and text screen memory locations. BIGLINER BIGLINER is a useful utility to programmers. It can be used to create line numbers of 65535, the highest allowed in Applesoft, to prevent a user from modifying these lines. Line numbers greater than 63999 can not be directly accessed. BIGLINER can also lower all unaccessible line numbers to make them accessible (so much for this type of protection!) One caution: DO NOT renumber all your lines to 65535. Besides not changing GOSUBs, GOTOs, and IF . . . THEN statement referenced line numbers, making lines accessible again is tricky. If you should “accidently” renumber all lines, insert a dummy line with a low number (ie. 0 REM) and then EXEC BIGLINER to lower all non-accessible line numbers. Best use is to make your ending REM statements inaccessi- ble to “protect” your copyright notice and other information. March 1982 HEX/DEC/DEX Three very useful utilities to use while programming. If you need to convert a number you simply type (in immediate mode): A = number (to convert to hexidecimal) and EXEC HEX or A$ = “number” (to convert to decimal) and EXEC DEC. If you have a lot of conversions to do or need a binary number, then EXEC DEX and enter your numbers (decimal or hex) and all three bases will be displayed for each number entered. All three utilities are used without disturbing your program in memory. EXCEPTION: attempts to convert an illegal quantity to hex (A » 65535) with the HEX utility will result in an error message AND a new line being placed in your program (3D0G). This does not happen with DEC or DEX. XLISTER XLISTER is a useful utility to print, to screen or printer, nicely formatted program listings. LOAD your program and EXEC XLISTER. A title and column width is entered, then printer option. Program listing prints with single statements on separate lines (statements on a single line number are in- dented), FOR-NEXT loops indented, and statements follow- ing IF-THEN statements are marked by a “*”. Numbered lines are separated by a line of dashes. Page breaks are given now ume YOU", ysset oe KERLE al enone ot at (os Apple Computer, Inc. 11 with hardcopies. Utility is modifiable for page length and top/bottom margins. Two minor complaints: the utility does not check for split words at the end of a printed line, and it does not title and number each page. However, it can be user modified so any limitations can be overcome. TEST PATTERNS This program was not mentioned in the manual. It simply displays HI-RES and LO-RES colors. There is a surprise awaiting you when you exit this one. SUMMARY Utility City will provide many useful utilities to the average user and some very worthwhile ones to the serious Applesoft programmer. At slightly over $1.00 apiece how can anyone go wrong with it? NOTE: no mention was made about royalty fees for the use of the routines to create something for use with your pro- grams. However, in all fairness, any extensive use of UC should result in some credit being given to Beagle Bros. Super Disk Copy III author unspecified Sensible Software 6619 Perham Drive West Bloomfield, MI 48033 313 399-8877 $30.00 Machine Language 48K, Disk II, Applesoft Locked Rating: AA Reviewed by John Martellaro The software that we have comes in several varieties: some of it gets hidden away on the shelf never to be seen again, some is kept reasonably handy, but not used every day, and some of it is so useful that it sits right up front in our diskette box, handy for almost daily use. Super Disk Copy III is one of those latter programs. Not only does it combine many useful functions, but it does it with clarity, ease, and speed. SDC Ill combines the features of FID, Muffin, de-Muffin (or Niffum if you prefer), and utilities for getting control characters out of your catalog names, “undeleting” files, and removing DOS from a diskette. In addition, there is a great deal of flex- ibility in the copying process which will be described below. (Note: SDC Ill is for copying standard diskettes and is not a nibble copier.) I will briefly discuss each of these features. Copy. File copying can be done from DOS 3.1, 3.2 or 3.3 to any other DOS. Of course, copying DOS itself to a disk of a different DOS (or a horse of a different color) is not allowed. Under copy, you can: 1. Copy DOS (to same DOS). Tracks $0, $1, and $2 are copied from the source to the target. 2. Copy entire disk. Here you have the options of a contiguous copy, a quick copy, or a brute force. The first option collects the scattered sectors of a file and lays them down in sequential sectors. This gives a slight decrease in load time. The next, quick copy, copies only the used sectors and (presumably) lays them down in arbitrary order. The last, brute force copy, tries to copy every sector and can be used for copying Pascal and FORTRAN diskettes. 12 3. Copy files. Individually named files can be copied from the source to the target and the Apple FID features of “=” and “2?” are similarly used. An indication of the sophistication here is that in the copy process, the target diskette is read first so see how much room remains on the diskette. If there isn’t enough room to transfer the file, the process is aborted. (The remain- ing space on both diskettes is displayed.) Delete. You can delete DOS from the diskette. The VTOC is changed to allow writing to tracks $1 and $2. (Track $0 has problems.) This gives an extra 6.5K on a 3.3 diskette. You can choose to delete all files on a diskette, and you can delete selected files. You get a chance to confirm each candidate. Fix file sizes. For those BASIC files that have become smaller (!), DOS isn’t smart enough to release the unused space. This utility frees up that space. (Normally, to free up the space, you would delete the file before saving it.) Replace funny characters in catalog. Just recently I had a CTRL-A in a file name that kept me from deleting it. SDC replaces that CTRL-A with a character that can be traced over with the cursor either for LOADing and RENAMing or DELETing. Undelete. Does just what it says: if you, in a fit of midnight stupor, delete a file that you desperately need back, just type in the name, and it will be recovered. Of course, no writes to the disk can take place before you do this. Catalog. In addition to the catalog of either source or target with just single letter commands, you also see a disk map afterwards on a 35H by 16V display (DOS 3.3) on the text page. Each used sector is indicated by an asterisk. It is in- teresting to see the comparison of an old diskette and a new one made with contiguous copy. Alphabetize and Purge Deleted files. We found this to be very useful for our diskettes of reviews. Finding the review in the catalog is much easier when the catalog is alphabetized. In the process, space marked for deletion under deletes is freed up. Boot. When you are done, put your new diskette in and you are ready to reboot. (SDC is copy protected and you can- not get out of the menu.) There are other minor options for selecting the DOS for the source and target and specifying single or dual drive usage. While the program can be used with a single drive, it is really designed for two. Peelings II USER INTERFACE SDC III has an extraordinarily informative and easy to use display. The current configuration for the active DOS on the source and target diskettes is displayed at the top with room for the number of free sectors. Below that is a menu that selects the options with a single letter command. Defaults are selected with a RETURN, and any option can be escaped with an ESC or an empty RETURN. The program keeps you con- stantly informed by turning on indicators in the display, so you always know what it is doing. Some very sophisticated tech- niques are used resulting in very fast boot, file read, and file alphabetization. The program is bomb proof as far as we can tell (after 6 months continuous use) and it has never zapped us, lost a diskette, or done something unexpected. INSTRUCTIONS The five page bookiet is very well written and complete. The user is warned about some of the things that the program will prevent (such as copying DOS from a 13 sector diskette to a 16). Each menu option is adequately explained, and after a single reading you can put away the manual. The program is completely self-prompting and obvious after only a few sessions. CONCLUSION SDC III is one of the smoothest, easiest to use, most powerful and well thought out utilities that we have seen. The entire Peelings staff agrees on this. It is probably the one pro- gram we use the most next to our word processors, so it has been given the acid test and passes with flying colors. In addi- tion, the price is reasonable. That’s good for another AA. 0] MEMORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM II By William Reynolds, III Computer Data Services P.O. Box 696 Amherst, NH 03031 603-673-7375 $39.95 Machine Language 48K, Disk II DOS 3.2 and 3.3 1 or 2 16K RAM boards or 1 16K RAM board and an Integer or Applesoft ROM card Unlocked Rating: A Reviewed by Edward Burlbaw Memory Management System II (MMS) is designed to free 10K of RAM memory normally used by DOS by moving DOS to a 16K RAM card. This leaves the full 48K on the mother- board for user programs and variables. HOW IT WORKS Upon booting, MMS moves DOS to the 16K RAM card in slot 0. If you have a second language card, it may be placed in any slot except 0 for dual language operation plus relocated DOS. Second language card means either Applesoft, Integer, or 16K RAM card. If you do not have another language card, it is still possible to use MMS with the language resident on the motherboard. Once MMS is installed, the full range of memory from 2048 to 48896 is available for user programs or data. Normally the top 10K is used for DOS. WHAT IT’S GOOD FOR While MMS does give the programmer an additional 10K of memory, there may be cases where it does you no good. For example: copy protected programs that require a new boot would not leave MMS resident, and some programs may not March 1982 know what to do with the extra space. In either case, MMS does not really help. However, if you are using your own pro- gram, then your program will take advantage of the extra space without any additional effort on your part. Normal Ap- plesoft programs will allow variable space from LOMEM to HIMEM. If HIMEM is 10K higher than normal (with DOS resi- dent), the program won't complain, and you will have approx- imately 30% more memory available. LIMITATIONS The limitations associated with an earlier version of MMS no longer exist. All DOS commands are now operational. Running a short configuration procedure will alter MMS to your exact system, it can be reconfigured later, if your system changes. MMS will only relocate a Master DOS, so it is impor- tant to run MASTER CREATE on any new diskette that you will use. DOCUMENTATION The documentation is not really very elaborate. It contains an explanation of the configuration process, and a procedure for making a one step boot diskette with MMS; i.e., installing MMS and running your application program upon booting. With a utility program as easy to use as this, | feel that the in- formation is adequate and would rather not pay an extra $30 for a padded binder. SUMMARY MMS works as advertised and, indeed, does give you an additional 10K of programming space. As articles describing the process of relocating DOS or a 16K card have appeared and public domain programs are becoming available, the need for a commercially available program may diminish. However, there is something to be said for the convenience of purchas- ing a program rather than typing it in from a listing. | have seen advertised a program that not only relocates DOS but also provides enhancements to BASIC through the use of & com- mands. MMS may have been first on the market with a good idea, but I believe there will be some stiff competition by these other items.) 13 \ iceman | (| N IHUN a NETON MMSE AS! Softlights Zwaan Ne STANT ‘Computer Stocks & Bonds (Avalon Hil) Star Blazer (Broderbund) Tax Beater (Datamost) REAP. (Datamost) Time Manager (Microsoft) Foosball (Sirius) Twerps (Sirius) Snake Byte (Sinus) ‘Audex (Sinus) Photar (Softape) ‘Auto Atlas (CPU) Worm Hole (Dakin) Electric Duet (Insoft) CaleStar (Micro Pro) Wordstar Training Guide (book) Marauder (On-Line) ‘Sherwood Forest (Phoenix) Zoom Grafix (Phoenix) The Queen of Phobos (Phoenix GBS (Quaity) Compucube (Stoneware) BB Utility #2 (Stoneware) OB Master Stat. (Stoneware) Planetary Guide (Synergistic) Atlantis (Synergistic) Soft Seventy (Synergistic) Easties of Darkness (Logical Choice) Gelling Zero (Turnkey) The Gauntlet (Turnkey) Survival Adv. (USA) Apple Spice (Adv. Inter) ¥ $26.99 AURORA Executive Secretary Hebrew It Quicktrace: Versacale 3.3 BEAGLE BROS. #4901 #4804 #4805, #4810 Alpha Plot Doss Boss 3.2 Doss Boss 3.3 Game Pack #1 Game Pack #2 Game Pack #3 Game Pack #4 Utity City ‘ConbuIT Algebra Dill & Practice | Demo-Graphies Group Velocity ‘SAMP - Survey Sampie Satelite Orbits Scatter Nuclear Scatter MICRO LAB Crown of Arthain Macvertre Palaee a Thunderand Roach Hot Satcengish i Tax Manager U'S. Constitution ON-LINE Cranston Manor Crossfire The Dictionary Expediter Il Compiler General Manager Hi-Res Cnbbage Jaw Breaker lisa Lisa Educational Pkg MMS I Missile Detense Mouskattack Pegasus Il Soft Porn Adventure Speed ASM Threshold Time Zone #1912 Ulys ‘The Wizard & tne Princess SIRIUS Cops Robbers Dark Forest #1056 Space Eggs LN IZTNI TANITA ITN CTNI TN I ANITA I TN ICTNIZINI NIT $25.39 LN Nf tN NN} | By Fred Huntington Time for our latest new program for the Apple", Computer Almanac. Written by David ‘Carman, an honest-to-goodness weatherman, Computer Almanac is a diverse collection of well thought-out programs. It contains sunrise and sunset times, weather forecasts for any year, a wind chill chart, light- ning safety rules, a super-duper extra easy to use loan amoritization program that will print out in 80 columns, health chapter (including a nifty calorie counter), a vacation planner, a biorythm chapter (needs printer) and more. We're very proud of this program and think that at $24.95, it’s one of the best bargains in the software market today. Also, don't forget our other new program for the Apple", Understand Yourself, also $24.95. Dealer inquiries welcome. Speaking of good programs, we'd like to recommend for either home or school use Crossword Magic by L&S Computerware. A super outstanding program with nothing else even close, we thought the original price of $79.95 was alittle steep. So we were able to convince them to lower it to $49.95, which is still a little steep for a crossword program, no matter how fantastic. So, to prove a point, we've set the price at $39.99. Now it's a bargain It will work with most graphic printers, inc- luding the Epson, with or without the Grappler GREAT GRANDMA HUNTINGTON Great Grandma Huntington told me when | was a lad that | should always buy my compu- ter media as a diskcount. She also said that a single density disk in the hand was better than a double density disk in the bush. Great Grandma Huntington said a lot of things, many of which | can’t remember. So we're having a contest to see who can come up with the best Great Grandma Huntington sayings. All entries must be postmarked no later than June 30, 1982 and should be ad- dressed to: GREAT GRANDMA HUNTINGTON CONTEST P.O. Box 787 Corcoran, CA 93212 The top two entries will receive genuine Epson LC Digital Quartz watches (yep, made by the same people who make those great printers). Winners will be used in future Soft- lights columns. All entries become the prop- erty of Huntington Computing and will not be returned. The worst ones may be used in future advertising DISKS Elephant Disks . + 10/2499 Verbatim .. wipe, 10/2899 (with plastic box) Maxell wee ee 10/36.99 #6761 #6758 #6759 #6760, Call Toll-Free 800-344.5 106 (outside California) COMPUTING ¢ M PENDULUM PRESS 20,000 Leagues Under The Sea Time Machine Tom Sawyer Treasure Island sos ee gS REETRUM con Advenue Gare Sates 25.39 eso Eten Fome france Paki Hed Meroactouniant ad Numerical Analysis Statistical Analysis VATEGIC SIMULATIONS Battle OF Shiloh Computer Baseball Computer Quarterback Napoleon's Campaign Tigers in The Snow The Warpfactor ‘MISCELLANEOUS: ‘Apple Doc (Southwestern) ‘Apple Grado Bonk (8S) ‘Apple Letter Perfect (LJK) ‘Apple Word Processing (book) (Que) Asteroid Field (Cavalier) ‘Astronomy | (Ed. Courseware) Basic Scientific Sub-Fooutines Voll (book) Beneath Apple Manor (Quality) Brain Surgeon (Nikrom) Bug Attack (Cavalier) Computer Chemistry (J&S) Creative Finance (Howardsoft) Cyborg (Sentient) Datadex (1US) Decision Master (Syntonic) Disk Prep (Sympathetic) Dosource 3.3 (Lazer Easy Writer Pro (IUS) Empire of the Overmind (Avaion Hill) Escape (Sublogic) Falcons (Precadily) Firebird (Gebell) Fractions Concepis & Operations, Free Lance Software Marketing Kern (book) Goblins (Highland) GRAN PRIX (Riverbank) Hi-res Chemistry (J8S) Mastertype (Zwieg) Investment Decisions (Mesa Research) Major League Baseball (Avalon Hill Micro Apple (Micro Ink) Micro Apple Il (Micro Ink) Micropainter (Datasoft) Micropainter Refill #1 (Datasoft) Micropainter Rell #2 (Oatasof) ‘Monty Plays Monopoly (Personal) Monty Plays Scrabble (Personal) ‘Mummy's Curse (Highland) PES (Software) PES-Report (Software) Physics | Free Fall (Ed. Courseware) Pool 1.5 (IDS) Population (Ed. Courseware) Portfolio Master (Investors Prisoner (Edu-Ware) Pro Football (SDL) Programmers Handbook (Comp. Sta ) ace for Midnight (Avant Gard) Raster Blaster (Budge Co) Real Estate Analvzer (Howardsof) ‘Sargon Il (Hayden) Saturn Navigator (Subiogic) Sentence Diagramming (Avani ars) Star Thiel (Cavalier) Suicide (Piccadilly) Super Sound (Rainbow) SuperCale (Sorcim) Tablet Shape Maker (Rocky Mountain) Tankties (Avalon Hil) Tax Preparer 82 (Howardsott) Trickshot (IOS Using 6502 Assembiy Lang. (bk) Datamost Valdez (Dynacomp) Win At The Races (SOL) Wizardry (Sir Tech) Word Star (Micro Pro} 09 $16.89 ‘39 Z-Term (Southwestern) Vas Post Office Box 1297 A Corcoran, California 93212 IN For ign Orders 209-992-4481 In California 800-692-4146 HUNTINGTON COMPUTING We take MasterCard, American Express or VISA (Include card # and [IN 1 aera careeapantracaranerantrauaranspassrawiransrentransranst Apple aregateedvademark ot Ale Compute, e. Expiration dat). California residents add 6% tax. Include $2.00 for postage. Pet is a registered trademark of 2. TRS-80" is a registered trademark of Tandy Corp. Alari" is a registered trademark of Ata, Inc Outside Calif. 800-344-5106 change without notice. RE a Sa Foreign and hardware extra. Foreign (excluding Canada): remit U.S. cur- rency, checks on U.S. banks, use listed charge cards, or make direct wire (| transfers through Security Pacific Bank, Corcoran, for a $6.00 charge. All overseas orders shipped by air. Send for free catalog. Prices subject to NN NTANT ANT ANS NTERPRETERS vs. COMPILERS An interpreter, like your BASIC interpreters on the Apple, is a machine language program that scans a BASIC program in memory and deciphers or translates it and then jumps to appropriate subroutines to execute the intended code. If looping causes code to again be ex- amined, then it is again interpreted. The processes of both parsing the code and re-executing repeated code are two factors that slow down interpreters. In addition, the interpreter in your Apple has to search the entire list of line numbers to find the line of a GOTO or GOSUB. Other interpreters on bigger computers keep addresses for each line number so that jumps are faster. In addi- tion, some code in loops may be partially compiled. Compilation is the process of creating a machine language program that does the same thing as the source code intends. The program that does this is itself a machine language program called a compiler. Since the compiler analyzes the program ahead of time, it can pro- vide memory addresses for program lines and variables. The compiler must do many things: it must analyze the source code and identify key words of the language and be sure that the syntax is correct. (Normally, you avoid this by checking out the program with the interpreter.) It must then parse the code to identify program logic. Then it must generate machine code that represents the source logic. It is here that some compilers optimize the code by deciding that there is a more efficient way to do the same things. Permanent addresses are assigned to variables so they can be referenced by address directly. Some operations are so typical to the programming environment that it would be inefficient to include code every place the operation occurs. FORTRAN, if you are familiar with it, does this by having a library of often used functions like SQRT, TAN, INT and others. Mak- ing calls to these subroutines is a little slower but pro- duces more compact code. BASIC compilers do the same thing, and TASC calls it a “runtime” library. In ad- dition, to save even more space, calls are made to the Applesoft interpreter itself which provides handy subrou- tines for frequent operations. The result is that the com- piled code must nevertheless have Applesoft resident. An interesting note is that most compilers are boot- strapped. In the case of the Applesoft compilers, the compiler is written in Applesoft and used to compile it- self. The first time through, however, it is running under the interpreter and the compilation can take many hours. Once done, the result is a machine language program that can be used to compile improved versions of the compiler itself.1 March 1982 The Applesoft Compiler (TASC) author unspecified Microsoft Consumer Products 10700 Northup Bellevue, WA 98004 206-828-8080 $175.00 Machine Language 48K, Disk II, Applesoft Unlocked Rating: AA+ Reviewed by John Martellaro SOME BACKGROUND The Applesoft Compiler (TASC) is the fourth Applesoft compiler to appear. The first three were reviewed in Peelings II (Jul-Aug 1981) and all four were given a thorough review in the September 1981 Softalk. For those who are new to Peelings Il, I will give just a little background. A compiler is a pretty sophisticated piece of software. It converts your program, called source code, into machine language. (For more details on this, see the boxed article.) Since a compiler is one of the most sophisticated pieces of programming you'll find, it was a long time (four years) before anyone talented enough got around to doing it for the Apple II. Then, in the summer of 1981, four appeared. It is rumored that TASC was written at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where there are some sharp programmers. Writing a BASIC compiler for the Apple II, especially for a moderately complex and powerful interpreter such as Ap- plesoft, is fraught with difficulties. Disk access is limited to the speed of a floppy, and memory is relatively limited. As a result, you don’t really get a stand alone program in 6502 machine language. To achieve a useful compiler within the capabilities of programmers and the Apple II requires a small runtime library of routines that the compiled code can access and calls to the Applesoft Interpreter. The upshot is that a 2K Applesoft program might grow to 7K in the form of a 4K runtime library and perhaps 50% larger representation in machine code (3K). To top it off, the current compilers don’t really achieve a stag- gering increase in execution speed, merely a tidy factor from 2 to about 10 at most (or 20 in very special cases). In addition, there is the advantage of disguising your source code in programs for resale provided that the company that markets the compiler consents. In the case of Microsoft, their marketing department informs me that there is no license agreement or royalty payment required. You can sell your compiled program along with the runtime library with no restrictions. Nevertheless, it is a courtesy to give Microsoft credit. Microsoft is the only one of the four companies that has this policy. They are to be commended. 15 TAKING TO TASC I was, I admit, much more enamored with the TASC than the other three compilers. Even though Edward Burlbaw did the initial reviews in the Jul-Aug 81 issue of Peelings Il, I looked at each compiler quite thoroughly. The reason was that I have been trying to compile a Space Shuttle flight simulator that I have written. The difficulty so far has been the failure of the compiled code to fit into available memory. The primary reason was that the program animates the forward view on both pages of HIRES graphics requiring that the code reside starting at 24576. While the Applesoft fits between that point and normal HIMEM, the expanded machine code does not. At the time, we did not have access to a “DOS mover” or the Memory Management System from Computer Data Services. This time I did. Because my machine language routines reside from 3096 to 6000, I had a problem with the runtime library location. Fortunately, the runtime library for TASC is relocatable, so I moved that to 25000. The compilation went off without a hitch. My 41 sector BASIC expanded to only 65 sectors. After DOS was relocated into the upper 16K of RAM, the runtime library loaded, the program loaded, I got a syntax error in line 0. Since the compilation went off without a hitch, I began looking at the one program peculiarity, and sure enough, the compiled code was choking on it. It is a routine that enters the monitor on the fly to do a memory move: 1400 Z$ = “800 <400.7FFM” 1410 Z$ = Z$ + “N D823G” 1420 FOR I = 1 TO LEN(Z$) 1430 POKE 511 + 1,ASC(MID$(Z,1,1)) +128 1440 NEXT 1450 POKE 72,0:CALL-144 The above routine enters the monitor in line 1450, ex- ecutes the monitor command in quotes in line 1400, and returns to location $D823 (Applesoft interpreter entry point). But because the interpreter isn’t running, the compiled pro- gram errors off. The lesson is that you should inspect your complex programs carefully for any interpreter related tricks. This one was particularly nasty since the offending operation was in a string and compiled cleanly. TASC’s overall implementation and user interface is more refined than the other compilers. In its usage, it reminds me of compilers used on bigger machines. There is none of the flash of a one line Applesoft program that calls the machine code. There are no inconvenient protection keys to displace your valued joystick or paddles. There are no fancy displays as with Hayden’s compiler. There is just a straight forward business like entry. You name the source file to be compiled and step through the defaults including the naming of your machine code as FILENAME.OBJ. If you need to have your object code execute at other than the default location (6064 decimal), simply specify it. Widgets like REM! lines (pronounced “rem bang”) are reserved for options not as heavily used (COM- MON blocks) instead of the primary compile options. I like this. TASC is a disk based compiler. Your source code is read from diskette, and the object code is written to diskette. The advantage of this is the flexibility to have the object code be 16 able to execute at almost any memory location. Interference with the compiler code is eliminated, but the disadvantage is a slower compilation speed. Since the compiled code must be written to diskette, the process is slower (but not unacceptable as far as | am concerned). In the last issue, Tom Little criticized Apple Computer’s assembler for being disk based. In the context of the reviews, I felt the complaint justified, how- ever, in this case, with the possibility of compiling large Apple- soft programs into even larger object files, I think this is the best method. If you want the runtime library to run at its nominal loca- tion and to have the compiled code be next, simply hit RETURN to select these defaults. The next set of compilation options involve: 1) Option to display listing during compilation 2) Option to pause on error messages. 3) Option to select variables as integers when possible 4) Option to store constants in integer format 5) Option to handle the RESUME statement for handling errors TASC is a two pass compiler. It uses a technique a little more sophisticated than the other compilers and produces relatively more compact code. The optimization has leaned towards compact code at the cost of speed. Nevertheless, TASC code runs as fast, or faster with heavy integer arithmetic, than any of the other compilers’ code. Like all the other compilers, a facility is provided to allow different routines to talk to each other via COMMON variables. COMMON variables are “common” to different routines. The only requirement is that programs compiled to use these variables must run at the same starting address. A short paragraph in the documentation discusses the technique for passing subroutine arguments to and from a compiled subroutine called from Applesoft. A small example would have helped make the technique clearer. Unlike the Expediter which uses static strings, TASC handles strings much like Applesoft only more efficiently. For example, the duplication of strings is avoided by having several equivalent strings point to the same place in memory. The advantage is increased flexibility. If you have one very long string and many short ones or many dynamically chang- ing strings, space is used more efficiently. The disadvantage is that garbage collection occurs in the compiled code as well. The documentation points out in detail how refinements in handling the strings plus intelligent program planning can keep garbage collection to a minimum. The following Applesoft commands are not implemented: CONT DEL LIST: LOAD LOMEM: NOTRACE RECALL SAVE SHLOAD STORE TRACE & Use with limitations is available for: DEF FN, DIM, and CTRL-C. In the case of DEF FN, you can only define a func- tion once since the compiler is going to cast it in conrete at compile time. As with all the other compilers, DIMension statements must use integer constants to avoid dynamic array sizing. Peelings II PINBALL HAS GONE INTO ORBIT! Now that you’ve conquered pool hall pinball, it’s time to take your Apple* into outer space 43 \e) GRAVITY PINBALL | A machine language arcade game with full- _ color hi-res graphics, and _ sounds like you’ve never heard before. _ ZERO GRAVITY PINBALL $29.95 plus postage Requires game paddle 0, Apple II", with Applesoft* ROM, 48K, DOS 3.2 or 3.3 ask your dealer or order direct i = AVANT-GARDE CREATIONS P.O. Box 30160 Eugene, OR 97403 VISA/MasterCard accepted SRMATIONT (503)'345-3043, “Apple ll, Applesoft are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. A very good enhancement in TASC is the ability to declare variables as integers in the same manner as FORTRAN. If you have certain looping variables in FOR/NEXT loops that should be real integers, you can force this by: 10 REM! INTEGER 1,J,K If you want all your variables to be integer, you need not list them all. Just use: 10 REM! INTEGER * Such variables are true 16 bit integers as opposed to Ap- plesoft integer variables which still use 5 bytes. (You may have seen programs in magazines for the TRS-80 with extensive use of integer variables such as 1%, JK% etc. Microsoft im- plemented the TRS-80 interpreter a little differently, and it treats those variables as 16 bit integers unlike Applesoft. The only advantage of using integer variables in Applesoft is in In- teger arrays. See page 137 of the Applesoft manual.) Needless to say (I'll say it anyway), 16 bit arithmetic is a lot faster than floating point arithmetic. DOCUMENTATION You want documentation? You got it. Large quantities of readable, extremely well done documentation. In contrast, I was disappointed in the documentation that came with the other compilers, especially Hayden’s. Call me a hopeless romantic, but I had a dream that a really good compiler manual would explain, inform, advise, and reveal. The TASC manual does. Never mind that it is printed in a very nice little padded binder on slick paper and typeset. Never mind that it has a real live index that is useful. What I hunger for is details, and I got plenty. In a partial attempt to show you the class of this manual, I'll show you the table of contents: 1 Introduction 1 1.1 How to use this manual 3 1.2 Contents of the TASC Package 5 1.3 Resources for learning Applesoft 6 2 Demonstration Run 7 3 Introductory to Compilation 11 3.1 Vocabulary 11 3.2 Compilation vs. Interpretation 11 3.3 The Program Development Process 4 Debugging with the Applesoft Interpreter 17 4.1 Creating a Source Program 17 4.2 Running a Program with Applesoft 17 5 Compilation 19 5.1 Options 19 5.2 Terminating the Compilation 24 5.3 Compiling Large Programs 25 6 Executing a Compiled Program 29 7 A Compiler/Interpreter Language Comparison 31 7.1 Statements Not Implemented 31 7.2 Features Supported with Limitations 32 7.3 Other Language Differences 35 7.4 Operational Differences 37 18 8 Language Enhancements 45 8.1 Integer Arithmetic 45 8.2 CHAIN with COMMON 51 9 How the Compiler Works 61 9.1 PASSO, PASS1, and PASS2 61 9.2 Syntax Analysis 63 9.3 Code Generation 65 9.4 Special Techniques 66 10 Error Messages and Debugging 69 10.1 Compiletime Error Messages 69 10.2 Runtime Error Messages 71 10.3 Sources of Common Problems 72 Appendix A. Moving Binary Files with the ADR Utility 77 Appendix B Copying TASC and converting to DOS 3.3 81 Appendix C Creating a Turnkey Disk 83 Appendix D Notes on Applesoft 85 Appendix E Runtime Memory Map 89 Appendix F Zero Page Map 89 Index 93 Have you ever seen anything so delightful? They did it right. And that’s from a reviewer who is very fussy about documentation. They start with a real live bibliography on learning BASIC, move into a demonstration, discuss what compilation is (vs. interpretation), and actually get into the details of lexical analysis and parsing. I don’t know about you, but I get particular pleasure from both using a fine utility AND knowing what's going on inside it. You'll appreciate the documentation of this program. CONCLUSION Microsoft is marketing a fine product. A list of its virtues is in order: 1. A price only a little more than the other compilers. 2. A copyable diskette providing you with a useful utility that will last for the lifetime of your computer. 3. A brilliantly done manual. 4. No hardware keys to fool with. 5. The ability to compile programs almost as big as available memory. 6. No licensing or fees on marketed code. In my opinion, the above features make TASC the compiler of choice. It beats the others easily in all really important areas, even if it does compile a little slower. Microsoft has played it straight with you and given you a product so good that it is hard to believe. If you buy this com- piler and give a copy away to a friend, may God have mercy on your soul. 1] Peelings II CREATURE VENTURE You have just inherited your Uncle Stashbuck's mansion but first you must rid it of the horrible creatures that have taken it over and find your uncle’s buried treasure. Directing the computer with two word commands such as ‘Go North’, ‘Get Key’, ‘Look Room’, ‘Punchout Boogeyman’ etc. you will need to explore deep into the mansion to finally find the Stashbuck Fortune. There are tons of High Resolution graphics plus some clever animation just for fun Requires 48K Ram, Applesoft Rom and disk. All High Resolution characters generated with Higher Graphics || by Robert Clardy. CREATURE VENTURE on disk $24.95 GOBLINS Escape to GOBLIN Country, an adventure to challenge your wits and cunning where you will need skill and sorcery to survive Dragons, Ogres and Goblins. Myths and Magic, Treasure and Danger. Fantastic High Resolution Graphics and animation help you on your journey. Requires 48K, Applesoft ROM and disk A world apart — enter if you dare! GOBLINS on disk $27.50 TARTURIAN THE TARTURIAN requires 48K RAM, APPLESOFT ROM, and disk. As you explore the 160 rooms (each done in HI- RES} gathering weapons and treasure that will prepare you for the final battle against the TARTURIAN, you will encounter deadly KROLLS, battle the MINOTAUR, try and get by COUNT SNOOTTWEEKER, decipher the YUMMY YAKKY’S secret, make friends with the TULIESWEEP, avoid GHOULS, explore the PILLAR tombs, discover secret passages and more, 5 interlocking programs. TARTURIAN on disk $24.95 OLDORF’S REVENGE OLDORF is a well done and exciting HI-RES game using over 100 HI-RES pictures. OLDORF requires 48K, Applesoft Rom, and Disk. As you explore the caverns and castles (each locale is done,in HI-RES) looking for treasure, you must battle the one-eyed, two-thumbed torkie; find the grezzerlips’ sword; visit the snotgurgle’s palace and get through the domain of the three-nosed ickyup — Plus MORE! OLDORF on disk $19.95 CRAE The finest Global Applesoft program editor on the market today and here’s why Written entirely in Machine Language. Global Find (Search) for anything in your program; Global Change (Replace) that can substitute anything in your program, anything!; List 40 columns across on screen with no added spaces; The fastest renumber in the business; Quote (Copy command for moving program lines anywhere in your program; Automatic Line Numbering; HEX/ASCII Memory Dump. Plus 5 more powerful commands. MCAT 2.0 MCAT 2.0 is a fast binary utility which creates a sorted master catalog which is saved on disk as a binary file (Fast). The master catalog can be easily updated a whole diskette at a time (Add, Delete, Replace), List/Print have global search capability and one or two columns. Provisions for duplicate volume numbers. Approximately 1200 file names. 48K or 32K, 13 or 16 sectors DOS supported. MCAT on disk with 10 page manual $24.95 CRAE co-resides in memory with your Applesoft program so that all editing of your program is done right in RAM. |f you are familiar with TSO then you are familiar with CRAE. Compatible with Neil Konzen’s P.L.E. Requires 48K RAM, Applesoft ROM and disk. CRAE on disk with manual $39.95 SPECIALS EROM 1, 2,3 $99.95 CRAE and MCAT on one disk $59.95 with manuals EROM #1 Requires Applesoft ROM & ROM- PLUS. CRAE’S powerful Global change/ find, optimizes List Command, Hex to Decimal and Decimal to Hex conversion now available on a 2716 EPROM. EROM 1 with manual $49.95 EROM #2 Requires Applesoft Rom and Romplus CRAE’s Autoline numbering, format- ted memory Dump, Append, Number Conversion (Hex/Dec) on one 2716 EPROM. EROM A2 with manual $34.95 EROM #3 CRAE’s powerful Renumber and Quote function now on two 2716 EP- ROMS. EROM 43 with manual $34.95 SEE YOUR LOCAL DEALER OR SEND CHECKS TO @appie HIGHLANDS COMPUTER SERVICES 14422 S.E. 132nd Renton, Washington 98056 (206) 228-6691 @oppic Washington residents add 5.4% sales tax. Applesoft and Apple are registered trademarks of Apple Computers, Inc. Romplus is a registered trademark of Mountain Computers, Inc. MASTERDISK Author Unknown Masterworks Software, Inc. 1823 W. Lomita Blvd. Lomita, CA 90717 213-539-7486 $29.95 Applesoft, machine language Disk II DOS 3.3/3.2 (front/back) Locked Rating: B (program) D (documentation) Reviewed by Michael L. Weasner INTRODUCTION Masterdisk (MD) is a DOS utility to access any track/sec- tor on a DOS 3.2 or 3.3 disk and modify the data byte by byte. There are also utilities to reconstruct a Volume Table of Con- tents (VTOC), perform single drive copying, and undelete deleted programs. THE DOCUMENTATION The MD manual is an Apple-sized 6 page manual with only the briefest of explanations on how to use MD. While it is not intended to replace the available DOS manuals it should give the user considerably more information than is provided. The explanation of reading, editing, and writing changes should have been of a tutorial-type but is actually only a description of the various MD commands. When manipulating DOS, the more information the user has the better prepared he is -- also the more comfortable. One can experiment with the pro- gram using a back-up disk to learn the functions, but a better manual would have made this unnecessary. The explanations for the VTOC reconstruction, copying, and undeleting are suficient. They also don’t require many user inputs. THE MASTER MENU Three program options are available from the master menu: Examine a disk sector. Copy a diskette. Disk maintenance. Make Your Apple The Most Versatile Appliance In Your Kitchen THE MENU does it alll! “The Menu” stores up to 399 recipes, classified as Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner, Side Orders, and Beverages. You “Browse” through the alphabetized recipe list in these categories, choos- ing your Menu selections with a simple keystroke. You can write your menu for up to 2 weeks (42 meals); the rest is automatic! You can request a printed copy of your menu and an alphabe- tized shopping list of the ingredients needed to prepare the meals you've selected (a check list of 60 miscellaneous items can be $29.95 added to the list for your convenience). The shopping list automatically combines “like” ingredients and adjusts each recipe for the number of people eating the meal. We provide 135 basic recipes to get you started. Recipes can be added or chang- ed at any time (even while you're making your selections) and you may also request a printed copy of any recipe. Since you ‘won't be over-buying anymore, “THE MENU” may pay for itself on your very first shopping trip! © Operates With 1-Disc Drive (Specify DOS 3.2 or 3.3) © Requires 48K Apple, Disc Drive, and Printer © Written in Applesoft Basic and Machine Language Use Your Apple For Your Next “Slide” Show THE “SLIDE” SHOW ee PERFECT FOR: Ed © Free running store ®@ Lectures Executives © Presentations © Cable or closed circuit @ Exhibits ‘TV nets @ Broadcast Television $49.95 Finally, high-res pics are more versatile than 35mm slides...and less expensive! The “slide” show allows you to use your high-res pics in a programmed sequence. Think of it as a standard slide show on your television with the advantage of “TV-like” special effect transitions between “slides.” 20 different transitions (in- cluding: horizontal and vertical wipes, ripple effects, tolumn wipes, etc.). Works with standard Apple pics. Single or multiple disc drives. Free run, timed, keypress or game button slide ad- vance. User friendly. NOT copy protected! Compatible with NTSC TV signal processing hardware. Prints slide/transition listing. Written in Applesoft/Machine Language, 48K, 1 or more disc drives, printer optional. Specify DOS 3.2 or 3.3. SEE YOUR FAVORITE APPLE DEALER or send check/money order to: C&H VIDEO P.O. Box 201 Hummelstown, PA 17036 (Specify DOS 3.2 or 3.3) @ PA residents add 6% sales tax. MASTER CARD/ VISA ORDERS: CALL: 717-533-8480 (9am-9pm) master charge THE INTERBANK CARD Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer Company 20 Peelings Il A last option to reboot the disk in the drive is also available. Only the copy routine requires another program to be loaded into memory from the menu. COMPUTER HIDEOUT READ/EDIT/WRITE SECTORS Selecting the examine a disk sector option presents the DISK-COUNT PRICES! user with another menu: SOFTWARE Read a sector from the disk into the working array. SeecRier {098 Davis hdnight Magic ay i ifi Both Barrels 19.95 The Arcade Machine 3317 Write the array contents to a specific sector. pdt aoltae 2 The cede ae Edit the array contents byte by byte. Space Eggs 29.15 Raster Blaster 92.15 : Pulsar I 22.15 Int. Grand Prix 2215 Display the array contents as a VTOC sector. ‘Autobahn 22.15 Falcons 2215 Display the array contents as a directory sector. ia 2218 eling Zero" 15 Display the array contents as a sector list sector. ome oe hp Decaiton ne neakers Display the Applesoft program length. Epoch 25.79 Robot War 29.48 Beer Run 95.79 Castle Wolfenstein 22.15 Display the Integer program length. Haron 2579 HARES Adv. #5:Time Zone... 7495: Display the Binary program length/starting address. be rocet aes cross Fre aes Display the array in ASCII format. Twerps 92:15, Missile Defense 92:15, Snake Byte 92.15 Sabotage 1995 Return to the master menu. Galaxy Wars 1995 Threshold 29.48 The first step is to read a sector into the array. To select Tank corner bye palpate a the track/sector one simply enters any track/sector or presses Apple Panic 22.15 Jawbreaker 2215 ‘ Space Warrior 19.45 Snack Attack 9915 RETURN twice to select the default values of track 17/sector Space Quarks 9015 Bug Attack 2015 0 (standard DOS VTOC location). Once the sector is read, ae Ss Lorin 2579 the sub-menu is again displayed. The next step is to view the SEND $1.00 (REFUNDABLE) FOR CATALOG sector. The sector can be viewed in various formats as noted TERMS. WE ACCEPT MLC. OR VISA (INDICATE CARD # AND EXFIRATION DATE) PERSOMAL % . CHECKS ALLOW 3 WEEKS 10 CLEAR, PLEASE ENCLOSE $2.00 FOR POSTAGE AND HANDLING in the sub-menu. Whether or not the displayed data makes LOUISIANA RESIDENTS - PLEASE ADD 6% SALES TAX. WO C.0.D'. sense will depend on whether the user selects the correct C ALL (318) 942-9446 ($1.00 CREDITED FOR PHONE CALL) (318) 948-6308 P, 0, BOX 264, OPELOUSAS, LA 70670 display mode. Here the manual breaks down; the description of the commands is clear enough, but more information needs to be provided on what data is being displayed and how to in- terpret it. This deficiency limits what the user will do with MD, and hence the program will not live up to its potential without a great deal of effort by the user. Editing of the sector (array) is one of the two most useful functions of MD. It is also fairly well explained although there is one omission. To edit the sector one must enter the row and column (in that order) of the location in the display of the byte to be changed and then input the new value. The manual failed to mention whether the row or column was first. ADALAB is a small lab computer system with LARGE capabilities from ; 5 Interactive Microware, Inc. No changes are made to the disk without selecting the ADALAB HARDWARE PACKS MORE POWER. . for collecting data and con- i i i i trolling your laboratory instruments. It includes a 12-bit analog voltage Inp\ waite gption, and then one must confirm that is what you 42-bit analog voltage output, 8 digital sense Inputs, 8 digital control outputs, a want. MD is good on requesting confirmation whenever the 32-bit real-time clock and two 16-bit timers/counters. . ALL ON A SINGLE . Z * ‘APPLE INTERFACE CARD! option could have disastrous results if selected in error. The ‘QUICKI/O SOFTWARE MAKES IT EASY. . .Simple commands in BASIC give - feet i you control of all hardware features of ADALAB. Sample programs and easy-to- track/sector to be written to is input just as with the read use manuals will enable you to start using your ADALAB system right away. Ad- option. ditional software for laboratory applications is available at extra cost. A com- diagnostic program's included to assure you that all of the hard 19 properly and accurately. A.¢ Saves time by eliminating manual calculations. D) *!5 2887 to use because the manuals and software are complete and well written. {aves money by adding convenience and utility to older instruments. memory to store and organize experimental data. COPY DISKETTE This routine is supposedly a fast single drive copy pro- gram. It copies only sectors containing data and writes these same sectors on the destination disk. One limitation is that the Gitar cell i + 1s versatile; t works with many different instruments. destination disk must be INITialized. Of course, any of pro- f la aore accurate than ameteror chart recording: grams on the disk may be destroyed since the VTOC is rewrit- ¢ i rence penne, e ee dsarrobscientlsts: , : ; EAT PRICE/PERFORMANCE, . the ADALAB Add-on Package with inter- ten based on the VTOC of the source disk. Prompting for disk face card, cables, self-test module, QUICKIIO™ software and manuals is swapping is provided. A dual drive system is not supported ae pecieis eae o : ar sell : ut a complete, rellable computer system in your laboratory FOR ONLY but it would have been nice if it were. There is, however, ‘$3295, including a 48K APPLE II+* computer, disk drive, graphics/text printer, ini fna’sit Video monitor and ADALAB Add-on Package. minimal swapping since only the necessary sectors are read ‘Send for FREE hardware and software brochures or enclose $10 for com- and copied. The option of making multiple copies is allowed plote manvals. For aseat service, call In your ViSArMaster Gard order NOW. : e Dealer inquiries invited! just as with COPY or COPYA on the Apple System Master a Trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. epfpys !NTERACTIVE MICROWARE, INC. diskette. A timing test was run between the MD copy routine P.O. Box 771, Dept. P State College, PA 16801 yy, and the COPYA program using a single drive. MD took three minutes, 12 seconds to copy a 434 sector disk, while COPYA March 1982 21 CALL (814) 238-8294 for IMMEDIATE ACTION took two minutes, thirty-eight seconds for the same disk. Since the times include the time to swap the source and destination disks, one has to wonder why MD took so long even though there was less swapping to do with MD! Less full disks seem to favor MD for speed. I consider the value of this option low. DISK MAINTENANCE There are two options here; reconstruct the VTOC, and undelete a deleted file. Reconstructing the VTOC is the other routine that most users will find extremely useful sometime. It reads the disk to determine what sectors are in use and then reconstructs he VTOC based on the search. The routine is useful when you suspect that something may have happened to the VTOC. Other than inserting the disk to be fixed, no user inputs are required. The ability to undelete a mistakenly deleted file is nice to have at times. The directory is searched for files marked as deleted and then the user selects those files by number to undelete. A series of numbers may be supplied. The VTOC is rewritten thereby allowing the undeleted program to be used without further actions. However as the manual notes, the undeleted program still may not RUN if any sectors that were used by the program have been overwritten while the file was marked as deleted. SUMMARY There are a couple of significant bugs in MD. If the DOS tracks (0-2) are read and displayed, the program may hang re- quiring rebooting. Some strange track/sector numbers ap- peared at seemingly random times while evaluating MD. Numbers like track 233 and sector 183 woul be great to have, but DOS 3.3 (or 3.2) doesn’t support such a configuration. If you want a program to edit bytes on a disk or to repair a VTOC, then MD may be what you need. Just keep in mind that you will have to spend some effort to determine exactly how best to use MD. You may wish to check into one of the copy programs with these options and get the benefit of a more powerful piece of software (at significantly greater ex- pense too). HSD STATS Stephen Madigan, Ph.D and Virginia Lawrence, Ph.D. Human Systems Dynamics 9249 Reseda Boulevard, Suite 107 Northridge, CA 91324 213-993-8536 $99.95 Applesoft 48K, Disk II, Applesoft Locked Rating: C- Reviewed by Helena Martellaro INTRODUCTION HSD STATS is a statistical analysis program. The statistical options include: 1) descriptive statistics, 2) chi- square, 3) t-tests, 4) correlation matrices, and 5) regression of two variables. A hard copy of the results (or data) can be printed out if you have a silentype, a printer controlled by the Apple Serial Interface or a Centronics Parallel. The instruction manual states “HSD STATS is a reason- ably bomb-proof program.” In using the program, I managed to bomb it quite a few times unintentionally, and I'm not quite sure how I did it. When the program bombed, all the data was lost, so it is advisable to keep a file of the data on a data diskette just after you enter it. The program allows you to enter seven samples containing up to 200 cases in each sample. All the options were tested against problems independently solved and appeared to give 22 the correct answers. (The sample sizes I used were between N=10 and N=30.) My general opinion of the program is that it is designed for the social science/education person who does not work with very large data sets. This program could also be useful for the instruction of basic statistics at the high school or college level. DOCUMENTAION The documentation assumes that you already know statistics. It also assumes that you know all the inside things that are common to the social science/education people, like Cramer’s [phi] and [omega-squared]. The instruction book does not give any formulas or explanation of what certain terms mean. The authors assume that you understand the sig- nificance of values and how to use them properly. I would have liked to have seen a great deal more in the way of documentation. I don’t think it is a good idea for a pro- gram like this to say “here’s the answer” without presenting all the theory. On the other hand, the documentation provided does give one all the information needed to at least run the program, and there are many examples throughout the in- struction book. You do need to be careful how you read some of the text. For example: “The standard deviations are unbiased popula- tion estimates.” does not mean that they use N as the divisor instead of (n-1) in the standard deviations equation. (A side note: if you are checking their calculations on a calculator be aware that some TI calculators use N as the divisor for stand- ard deviation while the HP’s use (n-1). Since this standard deviation is repeated when doing the T-test (according to the author), the correct term should be (n-1), and this is what the program uses. Peelings II Innovative Design Software, Inc. ANNOUNCES SHUFFLEBOARD for your APPLE II.™ only $29.95 = ¢ Real time HIRES Color \S = Graphics ¢ Play Against your APPLE or another opponent * An accurate and challenging game following in the tradition of Pool 1.5 POOL 1.5 features — Another first from IDSI @ Realistic, life-like motion e@ HIRES Color Graphics va ® Choice of 4 popular pool Games @ You've Got to see it to believe it! © Only $34.95 “IT (Pool 1.5) is so realistic, you begin filling in the details of the pool hall yourself” — Softalk Magazine Both of these excellent games require a 48K APPLE II/Plus and a DISK II. Pool 1.5 requires a set of game paddles or Joystick. Order directly from IDSI or see your nearest APPLE dealer. * Apple II/Plus is P.O. BOX 1658 a a Trademark of Apple Computer Inc. Las Cruces N.M. 88004 We accept Pool 1.5 is a trademark Visa, MasterCard, of IDSI (505) 522-7373 Check or Money Order. THE PROGRAM There are seventeen program options. They are: 1. DATA ENTRY 2. DATA REVIEW EDIT 3. REVIEW SAMPLES LIST 4. CATALOG 5. MEAN & STANDARD DEVIATION 6. FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION 7. TWO-SAMPLE CORRELATION & REGRESSION 8. CORRELATION MATRIX 9. T-TESTS 10. CHI-SQUARE 11. TRANSFORMATIONS 12. SAMPLE OPERATIONS (+,-—,X,/) 13. DATA HARD COPY 14. FILE CREATION 15. DELETE FILES 16. RUN GRAPHICS 17. EXIT/END The following paragraphs will explain what each option does. 1. DATA ENTRY. This option allows you to input data from either the keyboard or the disk. You must first enter the data from the keyboard and then save it to the disk for later use. You cannot correct any mistakes as you are entering the data. If you make a mistake, you have to finish entering all the data and then use Option #2 to edit it. 2. DATA REVIEW/EDIT. This option allows you to edit the data that is in the memory. Once you have entered the data with option #1 you can then use DATA REVIEW/EDIT to correct any mistakes. However, corrections do not reflect in the data display forcing you to exit and re-enter to verify your editing. The idea of a second mode simply to edit is not good. 3. REVIEW SAMPLES LIST. This option allows you to review the names and size of the samples in memory. Only seven samples can reside in memory at one time. 4. CATALOG. This option allows y