Willamette Apple Connection Vol2No4

é USER GROUP November / December 1988 WAC Journal Vol. 2 / No. 4 A Publication of the Willamette Apple Connection, Inc. An Apple II & Compatible User Education Group A |s for Apple: Apple ll GS System Software 4.0 of 4.0 brings to mind a perfect score, the version number f Acple’s latest system software for the Apple I] SS computer 1s rnore than a nappy cormerdence. For speed. power, snd performance, version 4.0 scores straight 4's. The first A goes to GS/OSX(TM), the first 16-bit, native mode operating system developed to take full advantage of the hardware capabihties of the Apple 11GS. GS/0S speeds disk access, improves boot time and program launch time, and increases the performance of disk intensive applications. SS/OS also allows applications to data from a wide cyster ding the !SO/High File System Transiators. An added feature is the sity, to access file systems that support very large files and storage media (up to 4 gigabytes). GS/OS is compatible with Apple 11 GS ProDOS{TM) 16 and will run applications that follow ProDOS 16 design guidelines. The second A goes to the Finder(TM) operating system software for better overall desktop performance. Continued on Page 3 (GS/0S)} ace The 1986 User Group Advisory Council: Setting the Direction by Ellen Leanse “I'm not sure most User Group members are aware of the User Group Connection. * "Dealers are becoming more responsive to User Groups.” “The Connection is great, but we need a contact in a local Apple office.” “Set us 4 color LaserwntertR)!" “Next to developer speakers, demo disks are the best thing.” Yow does Apple know wnere to turn with the User Group ‘Zonnection program? ‘/hat input sets our sails and puts us on course for the upcoming year? Articles we read in '. User Group newsletters, messages sent to us over AppleLink(R), input from national on-line networks, and face-to-face contact with the User Group community all of this contributes to setting the Connection's direction. it. every now ang then. we need detailed answers to cific questions. ‘/e need an exchange between User srouo representatives and their many supporters at Apple. Continued an Page 4 (Advisory Council) P. O. Box 7252 . Salem, OR 97303-0053 . (503) 585-0811 Life Begins at 40 (megabytes) by Scott Knaster, Writer-Engineer Recently, Spy Magazine, an intentionally humorous publication, ran an article deseibing the phenomenon of “coasting.” This is when a parson or institution achieves some success, then lives off that success for along, long, time. The article desonbad many examples of brilliant coasters, but decorum and the Apple Law Department prevent me from mentioning them here. The article about coasting got me thinking about the concept as it applies to the personal computer industry, and Apple in particular. I started to wonder if Apple was doing any unnecessary coasting with its product lines. After pondering this question for about three seconds, it became obvious that Apple's products aren't candidates for swastiny. Apple's product line changes a lov. Here ara some exampies. ‘The original Apple II computer was limited to 48K RAM and 40 characters per line of video. As time went by, various geniuses dreamt up ways to evolve the Apple II by adding more RAM, first to 64K, then weil beyond that; a clever floppy disk drive was created, followed years later by a hard disk; the video was expanded to handle a more respectable 80 characters (upper and lower case, by the way). Finally, the technological piece de resistance was created when the Apple 11GS system appeared, with its enhanced graphics, superb sound, and advanced user interface tools. The Macintosh computer has also come a long way in its relatively short life. (How many million instructions persecond can your 4-year old do?) The onginal Macntosh, with its 128K of RAM and 400K of disk, was a wonderful piece of art that turned out to be a little underpowered. So, over the next four years, it got empowered. Continued on Page J (Life at 40mb) Just a friendly reminder that membership dues for 1989 are now being accepted. The dues are $15.00 for the year. Please take the time to mail them into the P.0. Box today! Make checks pauable to" Willamette Apple Connection, Inc." 1 WILLAMETTE APPLE CONNECTION, Inc. P.O. Box 7252 Salem, Oregon 97303-0053 President and Editor of the Journal Lawrence E. Tucker (503)585-0811 Vice President Darwin Wuerch (503) 364-4194 Secretary Harry Haley (503) 371-3197 Treasurer and Telecommunications System Operator Neal Layton (503) 370-9321 Director-at-Large Joseph Durst (503) 399-9874 Head Librarian John Moore (503) 838-4966 Salem Public Library Bulletin Board 588-6130 [300/1200 bps] 588-6081 [300/1200/2400 bps] WAC JOURNAL The WAC Journal is published bi-monthly. Authors should submit their via MODEM to the Salem Public Library BBS (Apple SIG), in Binary Il form: or mail a diskette vith the article written in ASCII text file form, AppleWorks or Apple Writer files by the 7th of the month. Hard copy should be mailed by the last day of the month preceding the publishing month. The WAC Journal is an independent publication not affiliated or otherwise associated with or sponsored or sanctioned by Apple Computer, Inc. The opinions, statements, positions and views stated herein are those of the author(s) or publisher and are not intended to be the opinions, statements, positions or views of Apple Computer, Inc. MEETINGS - Regular Membership The Regular Membership Meeting is held on the third Thursday of the month, vith a start time of 700 pm. The meeting is held on the Chemeketa Community campus, in Building 2, Room 113. The general public is encouraged to attend. MEETINGS - Board of Directors The Board of Directors Meeting is held on the first Thursday of the month, vith a statrt time of 7:30 pm. The meeting location will be announced at the prior Regular Membership Meeting. QUICK CONNECT REPRINT All articles vith "(QC)" at the end, are reprinted from the “Apple Computer User Group Connection" newsletter "Qnick Connect’, and are copyright (c) 1988 Apple Computer, Inc. User Group MAGIC by Pete Sauerborn \* Some people just don't understand the nature of User Groups. They find it difficult to figure out why people would volunteer a lot of time and effort to make their User Group work or spend their free time at countless User Group meetings and events. They don't understand why there are over 1000 of these Apple User Groups ail across the United States. The answer: User Group magic. It's the same magic that catalyzed the formation of Apple Computer, Inc. at the Homebrew Computer Club and led to the tremendous growth of Apple User Groups that we are experiencing today. Bill Fernandez, a Homebrew club member and Apple Computer's first “real” employee, sees User Groups as the vehicle for completing Apple's dream of getting the power of computing into the hands of all people. To illustrate his point, Bill remembers working in Steve Job's garage one day when Woz returned from a Homebrew meeting. “Steve told me that some kid at the meeting did a great color demo in BASIC on the Apple(R) I computer. To Steve, this was the most thrilling thing that could possibly happen. This kid turned out to be Chris Espinosa, Apple employee number 8." The story illustrates that technology is not really complete until it is taken to the limit the way Chris did with the Apple |, and the way other User Group members are continuing to do today. Computer clubs like Homebrew are products of the mini/micro computer revolution. At the time the Homebrew Computer Club was founded, the awesome power of computing was being put into the hands of ordinary people for the first time. Some people quickly realized the potential for this power and they got together in User Groups to share the excitement of this wonderful new era. Today, instead of doing great color demos in BASIC, User Group members are doing amazing things with products such as HyperCard(R). Bill, who was a key member of the HyperCard design team, gets an “incredibly uplifting” feeling every time he sees someone do great things with a tool he helped create. While Apple and third-party developers can create products with a potential for greatness, that potential can only be realized when User Group members share their knowledge and expertise. In a sense, User Groups today are not that much different than the Homebrew Computer Club of a decade ago. There is a technological renaissance going on and this is an exciting time for all us involved in it. As Bill sees it, this is like no other time in the history of mankind. Along with the technology, attitudes are changing and User Groups are the manifestation of this new attitude. “With technology the way it is,” says Bill, “there will be no ‘buyer beware’ attitude in the future. People will no longer accept 100 different standards. They will work together toward a common goal and succeed to the extent they can cooperate and share with 2 others.” Just like the early Homebrew members, User Groups like you recognize this need to work together and to teach and learn from one another. ; ‘Combining that attitude with the great existing and ar A. Se ‘future products produced by Apple and third-party developers, User Groups ‘vill continue to extend the frontiers of the technology. That's what User Group magic is all about. People helping people to discover and learn with Apple computers. There is a technological renaissance going on... this is like no other time in the history of mankind. (QC) Apple Computer Clubs Connection by Judy Chang The votes are in and by all counts, the entries submitted in this year's National Merit Competition were all impressive, and the winning entries were outstanding! The students and teachers who participated from primary and secondary schools across the U.S. and Canada made this, the fifth annual contest sponsored by Apple Computer Clubs, a great success. In addition to winning Apple computer systems as prizes, the talented students and teachers, representing 16 schools, received an all-expense-paid weekend in Washington D.C. June 25th to 28th. There, they exhibited their projects and participated in sight-seeing, special events, and computer workshops. Part of the exciting victory celebration included a Congressional breakfast on Capitol Hill and an Awards ceremony and banquet attended by leaders in the fields of computers and education, as well as Apple corporate resentatives and the press. As a special treat, Steve Wozmiak, creator of the Apple computer, was on hand throughout the weekend to share his humor and ‘words of cornputing wisdom. But that's not all. One student (David Harris, Murray Junior High School, Ridgecrest, California), one adult (Beverly Bohn, Maple Park Middle School, Kansas City, Missouri), and one club (Indian Hills/Stilwell Junior High Computer Club, DesMoines, lowa) from among the winning projects represented in Washington was judged and selected on-site as Grand Prize Winners. These winners will travel to San Francisco this fall to exhibit their projects at AppleFest(R), a national computer show and conference for the education and home constituencies. The Apple Cormputer Clubs’ National Merit Competition is open to all Apple Computer Clubs members, both students and teachers. Since the competition encompasses a wide range of categories--from community involvement projects and theme-related curriculums, to special computer- integrated learning and BASIC prograrnming-- anyone can win, computer novice or expert. General rules and guidelines for the Merit Competition are available by writing Apple Computer Clubs, 20525 Mariani Avenue, M/S 36AA, Cupertino, CA 95014. The entries submitted in this year's National Merit Competition were all impressive, and the winning entries ‘were outstanding! (QC) 6S/0S {continued fre page 1) Extensively revised to support GS/OS, the new Finder provides a more informative interface so users can better manage their desktop environment. The Finder supports ProDOS 8, ProDOS 16, and GS/OS file systems, allowing users to run a wide range of applications. The third A is shared by two new utilities: the Advanced Disk Utility and the Installer. The Advanced Disk Utility, with an easy-to-use graphics-based interface, offers capabilities such as initilizing, erasing, and partitioning hard disks. It is now possible to have more than one file system on a single hard disk. The Installer is an application that allows users to customize startup disks to match their system configuration. For example, the Installer can be used to add the appropriate system file to a startup disk for connecting a SCSI hard disk or CD-ROM drive to the Apple IIGS. The Installer also insures system software integrity by updating associated system files to the correct version, freeing the user from manually updating system files. Apple 11GS System Software 4.0 requires 512K RAM and ROM version 01, and is available as a stand-alone product as well as with the Apple IIGS accessory kit. This release allows Apple IIGS owners to improve the performance of their systems and add value to their computer investment, while providing them with a powerful, versatile system software platform for future Apple IIGS software products. Version 4.0 adds up to Z disis (System Disk and System Tools}, 2 manuals (Apple 1IGS System Disk User's Guide and Apple IIGS System Tools}, and a lot more power for the Apple IIGS user. For more information, see your authorized Apple dealer. (QC) Life at 40 mb (otnued frm paw J} The tool box and operating system were juiced up, first with the hierarchical file system, then with MultiFinder software, hard disks were incorporated into everyday life, greater flexibility was added ‘with the slots in the Macintosh SE and Macintosh II, too. You can now buy a Macintosh that's so powerful, it will make your head explode (kids, don’t try this at home). ‘As the computers have evolved, Apple has also been busy with peripherals and other goodies. These range from the first redoubtable thermal and daisywheel printers to today’s nifty Laser Writer(R) and Image Writer(R) printers, from the memorable Apple I! Graphics Tablet to the amazing AppleCD SC (CD-ROM drive). The AppleTalk system has expanded our computing to another dimension, the one that stretches from your computer over the wall to your coworker's. Of course, not all of the new products along the way have achieved their intended success. Decorum, as weil as threats by the engineers to beat me up, prohibit my mentioning them here, but at least we tried. After looking all around for signs of coasting, I decided that Apple's Product development is actually accelerating, not running on empty. In this industry, there's no room for coasting. If you coast, youll find yourself blown off the road by some other speed demon .. . like Apple! Reprinted with permission from Apple viewpoints, a weekly newsletter published by Apple for Apple developers. (QC) z Advisory Council jcanuieued from Page t} And ve need a forecast for User Group priorities in the coming year. That's vhen we call together 15 representatives from the Apple User Group population and ask them for their feedback on our direction. ‘We call this gathering the “Apple User Group Advisory Council’a to-day session dedicated to building exchange between all of Apple and recognized leaders from the entire Apple User Group community. This year's Council - Apple's third - took place in San jose, California. immediately following the January MACWORLDIR |Expo, and covered nearly 200 discussion topics. After an inspiring opening by Apple President and Chief Executive Officer John Sculley, the agenda focused first on the Ucer Groug Connection - successes new ideas areas for improvement - and then moved on to a more comprehensive exploration of Apple's products and messages. la reviewing the Connection program, Council members advised Apple that, although the "connection" vas strong, there ‘were issues we should focus on in the coming year. More outreach to members vas a kev concept, vith Council members reportung that “many User Group members have no idea that Apple supports them. (ther input indicated that Apple could contribute to User Group grovth through improved media avareness. and that User Group leaders could benefit from an sxchange ‘vith Apple's field officers across the country. These ideas, and many more of value, will be integrated into our develooment plans for the coming year. From discussions vith the Apple dealers and developers yho participated in the Council, ve learned that relations between dealers and User Groups had improved greatly in the past year, but that both parties vould benetit from increased understanding and interacuon. We also learned that User Group and developer interaction ‘yas at an all-time high, ‘vith a majority of developers recognizing the value of involvement vith iser Groups and expressing openness to nauonal or local opporiwuties for involvement. User Groups, developers iold us, are becoming increasingly important as key communications resources and partners Cut of the dealer discussion rose one clurect message to Apple; that cr increased involvement vith es local offices and people. This message was heard by pple people throughout the session, and, significanuy, by Apple CEO john Sculley as he opened the session, and Chief Operating Officer Del Yocam as he Closed it. Both executives indicated ther cf increased remional involvement. Ci rember: also provided input on products, sharing numerous technical and market insights ‘vith Apple's product development and marketng teams. This discussion provided Apple people vith direct input cn product direction, applications, And vions of future technology wes. These messages, counted “vith User Group input trom other sources, ‘vill guide Apple in ss exploration of ney products and soluuons in the market it serves. Unlike previous Councus, input from this third gathering did ‘not stop ac the 15 participants said theur farewells on the last diay of the session. A special AppleLink address - UGACS - -vas established to facilitate onaomg communications between Apple, the enure User Group community, other interested parties, and the Council members. Any User Group leader currently using AppleLink can use this address to direculv query Council tnembers. cr apple, on any part of the discussion. Furthermore. because the Council vas “technographed* - documented interactively using Macintosh technology {see this sue’s “Technography” article|, Apple has a centralized record of e Council from which decisions and actions can be carried out. This Council sét a new standard for User Group exchange with Apple. Apple participants ‘vere aved by the savvy - technical, practical, and creative - of the Council members. Thev reflected very favorably on the enure User Group community and its sTo¥ing value to Apple. Look for undates on the User Group Advisory Council results sa future sssues of Quick Connect. (QC) Plus One More--The Apple ic Plus The Apple(R) II family adds up to a lot more power and productivity now that a new arrival has enterec . the equation: the Apple IIc Plus. Announced September 16th at the AppleFest(R) exposition in San Francisco, the new addition represents the best ° solution for home education and family productivity for first-time computer buyers. The Apple llc Plus continues to offer the most important features of the Apple II family at an affordable price. _ Versatility, ease of use and software comgatibility are combined with several new features in one compact, lightweight, and elegantly designed package. True to its name, the Apple Ilc Plus includes more features than its older counterpart. Among them is an internal, 3.5-inch, high-capacity (800 kilobytes) disk drive with a pushbutton ror motorized ejection of the disk. This drive gives the Apple IIc Plus a disk storage capacity over five times that of previous Apple IIc models, as well as: - greater speed when maneuvering through applications, - the ability to put more than one application on a disk, and - the capacity to run larger and more complex applications. Additionally, the Apple IIc Plus now supports not only the UniDisk (TM) 3.5-inch and Apple 5.25-inch exer drives, but also the Apple 3.5-inch external ive. Another plus is the computer s internal power supply. Completely self-contained, it makes the 7” Apple IIc Plus highly transportable. Like 1t’s older brother, the new machine includes a handle that not only makes it easy to carry, but locks into a downward position to provide 4 stable inclined keyboard for typing convenience. If you're counting on speed, you won't be disappointed. A selectable 4 megahertz or ! megahertz clock speed increases performance when calculating spreadsheets, transferring data, performing RAM card operations, or writing directly to the screen. Most graphics applications * ‘will run faster, too. And you can count on Apple to maintain compatibility between the Apple llc Plus and other Apple products, as well as with existing software applications. For example, cabling has been standardized ‘with the Apple 1IGS(R) and all Macintosh (R) CPUs for connecting peripherals to their built-in serial ports. And great care has been taken to ensure that existing Apple IIc software applications work vith the Apple IIc Plus and take full advantage of the new features. By working ‘with a large number of developers early in the product's development process, apple was able to announce at AppleFest that over 500 software applications for the Apple llc Plus are now available on 3.5-inch disks. The sum total of the Apple llc Plus adds up to a great machine at 8 great price--only $675 for the CPU (manufacturer's suggested retail price). For more information, see your nearest authorized Apple dealer. (QC) 4 »” C From Homebrew Computer Club to Thousands of People Like You by Terry Mock Back in the fall of 1985 when The Apple User Group Connection was just starting out, there were about 500 User Groups. Today, there are more than 1000 and the number continues to grow. Within less than three years, the number of User Groups has doubled. We've come a long way since the Homebrew Computer Club of the 1970s where Apple Computer had its beginnings. So to mark this important milestone in the history of Apple Computer and Apple User Groups, we declared July Sth the official "41000th User Group Day. “What does reaching the 1000th mark mean for User Groups across the country? It means that User Groups as a umited, lobbying force now have strength in numbers. It means that we have outgrown the stereotype of hackers and hobbyists using computers to play games and become today’s power user putting computers to work in all aspects of daily life--from office to home. It also means that we've expanded from our grassroots origins and local community orientation and ventured into other realms, such as higher education, all areas of government, small businesses, and large corporations. With these significant changes in User Group orientation, Apple Corporate and the User Group Connection have also changed to meet your needs. Today, we are now serving three distinct market segments: Higher Education, Business and Government, and Community User Groups. What does reaching the 1000th mark mean to Apple? It means giving User Groups the recognition they deserve for being loyal to Apple, as well as being dedicated to maintaining User Group ideals--ideals such as the exchange of product and technical information, the sharing of resources, and the desire to help and learn from others. It also means higher visibility for User Groups within Apple, since on July Sth, The Apple User Group Connection is sponsoring 4 company-wide event to celebrate the 1000th User Group. And on that day, we're focusing the limelight on the three User Groups who registered and brought us to the 1000 mark. The 999th User Group is iUP MUG at Indiana University in Pennsylvania, an on-campus group with 14 charter members founded by two associate professors. The 1001st User Group is GS4U, a small but enthusiastic Apple 11GS(R) computer User Group in Mansfield, Ohio boasting four members and four Appie IIGS systems. The 1000th User Group (drumroll, please!) is EPRI MUG, a 100-member group from the Electric Power Research institute in Palo Alto, California. This group's members represent technical, marketing, and administrative Macintosh(R) computer users in the nation's largest electronic power generation agency. But indeed, the celebration belongs to User Groups everywhere——all 1000 of you! So to all of you, we say thanks for being there! You've done us proud! Reaching the 1000th mark . . . means higher visibility for User Groups within Apple. (QC) Did You Know? - By July of 1980, there was a Macintosh processor, display, and keyboard running in the Macintosh lab. ~ On July 27, 1980, a professional racing car sponsored by Apple Computer made its debut in the IMSA Grand Touring event at Sears Point International Raceway in Sonoma, California. - July 6, 1981 was the day Apple began airing commercials featuring Dick Cavett as spokesman for Apple products. ~ By July 18, 1983, roughly $21 million worth of computers and equipment were shipped to more than 9,000 California public schools as part of the "Kids Can't Wait" program. - On August 20, 1979, Apple announced the lowest cost extended warranty for personal and small business computers. - This August, Steve Wozniak celebrates his 38th birthday. - On September 5, 1977, the first Apple || system was shipped to Europe from Canada. Two weeks later, the first Anple International Show ‘eck place in Paris. ~ In September of 1979, the Macintosh project, code named “Annie,” formally began, although informal work had begun as early as late 1978. The code name was changed to “Macintosh” not only to avoid using only female names for products, but because the project leader's (Jef Raskin) favorite apples were Mcintosh apples. ~ Apple unveiled the Lisa(R) in September of 1983 and introduced the $6996 version - On September 10, 1984, Apple lowered the price of the Macintosh 128K to $2195 and introduced the Macintosh 512, nicknamed the “Fat Mac,” three months before its srenilel announcement at a suggested retail price of 195. ~ September 30 marks the end of Apple's fiscal year and the day the numbers are totaled. The number of Apple i! computers sold by this date in Apple's first three years were: 570 in 1977, 7,600 in 1978, 35,100 in 1979, and 130,000 in 1980. Between 1978 and 1980, [piewes had risen from $7.8 million to $117.9 million. QC. ERRY GhistMes Apple DOS 3.3 by Bobby Coy Copyright 1988 Reprinted by permission The INIT command is one of the first that one needs to learn in DOS 3.3. It is important to remember that this command should not be used with any disk that contains programs or files that you are going to keep. The INIT command syntax is INIT program name, SNumber, Dnumber, Ynumber. INIT example: INIT hello,D1,V001 INITialize the disk in drive | with a start-up program called HELLO and the volurne number of 001. You can also do something like this: INIT HELLO,$6,D1,V 123 The $6 is equal to the slot i.e.: (slot 6). This is done if you have more then one disk or more disks in other slots. The purpose of this command is to format a new disk so that you may use it with Apple DOS (Disk Operating System) 3.3. They're a few rules that you have to remember when using the INIT command. 1, The program name parameter is required. 2. If no Volume number is given a default value of 25¢ is used. 3. The drive number is optional but should be used. 4. This command deletes all data (files) on the disk.. Init Tips Diskettes must be initialized with a start-up program. Apple start-up programs are always called HELLO. To initialize a disk do the following: Put a disk in Drive | and close the door. If you have fore then one drive it is always best to open the drive door on the second drive to make sure that you donUt accidently INIT the wrong disk and delete good data. Catalog the disk first to make sure that the disk is blank. You may want to use a program like COPY II+ to double check a disk first, to make sure that the disk hasnUt been formatted in PRODOS. More data has been lost by someone thinking that a disk is blank when it actually has been formatted in a different operating system [editors note : AMEN]. If the disk is new or formatted in something other then DOS 3.3 you will get an 1/0 error when you type CATALOG <RETURN>. Now type in the following HELLO program. First of all type NEW. This command will clear the memory, so nothing else will be saved as part of the HELLO program. 10 HOME : REM THIS WILL SEND THE CURSER TO THE TOP LEFT OF THE SCREEN 20 PRINT “WORKING DISK” :REM THIS WILL BE PRINTED AT THE TOP OF THE SCREEN 30 PRINT “VO01" 40 END Now you are ready to initialize the disk by typing the following: INIT HELLO,S6,D1,V001 This should take about 30 seconds. After the disk stops and the light goes out you can type CATALOG and the screen will read disk volume 001. A 002 HELLO Now to see if this HELLO program works turn off the computer and insert the new initialized disk in drive 1 and turn on the computer, or you can type PR6 and then press (RETURN). Save Command The save command is used to save 8 program (or a file as Apple calls it). The save command is the only way you can save a program to disk. To save a file all you have to do is type save filename, slot,drive An example of this is: save myprogram,s6,d1. This saves the program to slot 6, Drive 1, under the name of myprogram. When you save 4 file it copies it from the computers memory to disk. There is a few more things that you should know about the save command. 1. When you save the file that in memory you -@ must give it a name. 2. The file name can be up to 30 characters long and it must start with an alphabetic character (A thru Z no numbers). 3. If there is a file (program) on the disk with the same name it will be deleted and the new file (program of the same name vill take it’s place. 4. The only other thing is that the slot , Drive , and the Volume are optional but if you do add the they must be separated by a T,U. (editors note: that 1s the comma character) Type in this and try the save command. new 10 home 20 print “ save" 30 print “Name your program” 40 print “and save it to disk” 50 print “so you can use it again.” 60 end Now to save the file to disk type the following. save hello s6,d1,v001 eo . ct After you have done that type NEW to clear the memory and press return. Now you can catalog the disk by typing se CATALOG. Now to see if it works. Type the following: RUN HELLO. The program will load into memory and will look like this. save Name your program and save it to disk So you Can USE It again. ca © 0 and that 1s all there ts to it. Load command I think it is a good time to talk about the load command and the first thing we need to do is load the program that we just saved to disk with the SAVE command. Type in: LOAD HELLO.$6,D! The hight will come on for a second and the program ‘will be loaded into memory. That 1s all there ts to wt. Eut how do we know that the program has been Icaded into memory. All we have to do is type RUN and the program will be executed cr you can type LIST and then press return> snd the computer ‘will list all the lines in the program we will cover more on the list command latter. A few things you should know. 1. Using the slot and drive in optional. 2. If you misspelled the program name the computer sill came back with an error statement of FILE NOT FOUND. If this happens to you just do a CATALOG command and after the computer reads the disk and comes up with the catalog enter the night oregrarn name and it will work just find U nope) Run Command The RUN command is one of the most used commands in the DOS 3.3 operating system. To run 4 program all you have to do is type: RUN myprogram.s6.d! Myprogram = the pregram name that you wish to run. 36 = the slot and the siot number. D1 = the Drive and the drive number. There are two ways vou can use the RUN command. i. Use the LOAD command to load the program into memory and then type RUN. 2. Type RUN.SE.D! If you have already set the slot and the drive then you don't have to reset then every time you use the RUN or LOAD command. The EXECute and the RUN command will do the same job although the EXECute command will do a little more. | will talk about the EXECUTE . command at a latter date. (QC) i oF} Apple, the Apple logo, Apple IGS, AppleLink, AppieShare, AppleTalk, A/UX, HyperCard, ImageWriter, Laser Writer, Lisa, Macintosh, MacWorld and ProDOS are reaistered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. AppleCD SC, AppleFax, AppleScan, Finder, 65/05, H' : HyperTalk, Inter-Poll, LaserShare, MacAPPC, MacWorkStation, MultiFinder, and Unidisk are trademarks of Apple Computer, inc. AppleFest 1s a registered service mark of Apple Computer. Inc. The Apple Collection is a service mark of Apple Computer, inc. MacPaint. MacProect and MacWrite are registered trademarks of CLARIS Corporation. DEC and VAX are urademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. FireLink is a trademark of FirePRO, Inc. ITC Garamond 1s a registered trademark of International Typeface Corporation. Microsort 1s a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporauon. MORE is a trademark of Living Videotext. PageMaker ts a registered trademark of Aldus Corporation. Postscript 1s a registered trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc. Powerpoint is a trademark of Forethought. Thunderscan is a registered trademark of Thundervare. inc. UNIX is a registered trademark cf AT&T Information Systems. (C) 1988 Apple Computer, Inc. Articles appearing in the Quick Connect newsletter may be reprinted in other User Group publications not sold for profit. We require only that credit be given to the Apple Computer User Group Connecuon and that ve receive a copy of any publication in which reprinted arucles appear The Apple User Group Connection, 20525 Mariani Avenue, M/S 30AA Cupertuno, CA 95014. (ec) Next Meeting: January 19th, 1989 - Chemeketa Community College, Building 2, Room 113. Start time of 7:00 p.m. The subject will be the practical use of woraprossessing, presented by Harry Haley. Be sure to bring your questions! é USER GROUP Willamette Apple Connection, Inc. P.O. Box 7252 Salem, Oregon 97303-0053 \ \ i No FIRST CLASS TO MS _ Lae 25 - ae et =e ms ie an = :