MacworldMacSecrets 5thEd

nev troublesho: expose the Fe enies covers Mac 0: and P. and the Inter more than 500MBof commercial software and award-winning sharewarey inc i> Bo M . “The best Mac book of the year.” acwor — Boston Computer Society | § | | \ secrets David Pogue & Joseph Schorr Macworld’s “Desktop Macworld’s “Secrets” BOOKS Critic” Columnist Columnist Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2022 with funding from Kahle/Austin Foundation https://archive.org/details/macworldmacsecre0000pogu Readers love Macworld Mac Secrets “T've just purchased your new edition of Mac Secrets from Amazon.com in the States, and I had to drop you a line to say it’s the best! Brilliant — thank you so much. And we LOVED your Microsoft spoof song on the CD. Here’s a computer book I can actually understand.” —Caroline Hartford, UK “As a teacher who is the computer support person at our school, I want to thank you for the great job you did on Mac Secrets 5th Edition! 1 use it constantly in supporting our eclectic herd of Macs. Just getting a working copy of the MacLink translators made the book worthwhile, not to mention all the great trouble-shooting tips. It was a wonderful idea to put the text of the 4th edition on the CD-ROM as well, for those of us with older Macs, who need information on System 7.5 and earlier.” —Matt Taylor, Beverly, MA “You really have yourself in a box this time with the 5th Edition of Macworld Mac Secrets. | received it promptly from the online book outfit and without a doubt it is the best, most easily read, and understandable Mac book I have ever been blessed with. The book explains many items in and about the Mac that I took for granted but did not fully understand, and that I could not correct when things went wrong! YOUR problem is that I don’t think you can top this book.” —Gershom Mailman, M.D., That Secrets book has been the most informative book I've ever read. It’s so dog-eared, I’ve had to cover it entirely with duct tape to keep it together. And ever since | got it, I've treated it like my own child, not leaving it in the car alone, making sure I can see it at all times from my desk, etc. You could tell it was written by a true Mac User. It’s the mixture of humor, down-to-earthness, and pure simplicity. Anyway, I love it. —April A. Ackerman, San Jose, CA A page-turner! I've been using Macs since the first little putty-colored marvel, and I still find myself reading every word. A terrific compendium of all the stuff you wish could remember when you need it! —Dale Lyles Newnan, GA ... and reviewers love it too! “The best Mac book of the year.” — Boston Computer Society “Would you believe that a $50 book could improve your productivity more than $500 worth of RAM? Believe it.” —San Diego Mac Users’ Group “The newly definitive Macintosh reference work, replacing the venerable Macintosh Bible.” —The Washington Post “If you can only buy one book, you won0t be sorry if you buy this one.” —TidBITS “Mac SECRETS should ship with every Mac that is sold.” —Quill Services Web Book Reviews “ A gold mine of undocumented secrets.” —Mac Professionals Book Club Macworld Mac Secrets, 5th Edition David Pogue and Joseph Schorr @ i) IDG IDG Books Worldwide, Inc. An International Data Group Company Foster City, CA ¢ Chicago, IL ¢ Indianapolis, IN ¢ New York, NY Macworld’ Mac’ Secrets; 5'" Edition Published by IDG Books Worldwide, Inc. An International Data Group Company 919 E. Hillsdale Blvd., Suite 400 Foster City, CA 94404 www. jdgbooks .com (IDG Books Worldwide Web site) Copyright ® 1999 IDG Books Worldwide, Inc. All rights reserved. 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Tenth Annual Comal vars 1995 Awards 1984 IDG is the world’s leading IT media, research and exposition company: Founded, in 1964, IDG had 1997 revenues of $2.05 billion and has more than 9,000 employees worldwide. IDG offers the widest range of media options that reach IT buyers in 75 countries representing 95% of worldwide IT spending. IDG's diverse product and services portfolio spans six key areas including print publishing, online publishing, expositions and conferences, market research, education and training, and global marketing services. More than 90 million people read one or more of IDG's 290 magazines and newspapers, including IDG's leading global brands — Computerworld, PC World, Network World, Macworld and the Channel World family of publications. IDG Books Worldwide is one of the fastest-growing computer book publishers in the world, with more than 700 titles in 36 languages. The “...For Dummies®” series alone has more than 50 million copies in print. 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IDG Marketing Services helps industry-leading IT companies build international brand recognition by developing global integrated marketin programs via IDG's print, online and exposition products worldwide. Further information about the company can be foun at wwweidg.com, 10/8/98 Credits Acquisitions Editor Michael Roney Development Editors Katharine Dvorak Steve Klett Technical Editor Dennis Cohen Copy Editors Tracy Brown Eric Hahn Christine Schultz-Touge Project Coordinator Ritchie Durdin Graphics Technicians Linda Marousek Hector Mendoza About the Authors Graphics & Production Specialists Mario Amador Vincent F. Burns Stephanie Hollier Elizabeth Pauw Chris Pimentel Dina F Quan Quality Control Specialists Mike Arellano Mark Schumann Proofreader York Production Services Indexer York Production Services David Pogue graduated summa cum laude from Yale in 1985. After several years conducting Broadway shows in New York, he began writing his back- page column, “The Desktop Critic,” for Macworld magazine in 1991. David is the author of Macs For Dummies, the #1 bestselling Macintosh book since its publication in 1992—in all of its 17 languages and six editions. In addition to the previous editions of Macworld Mac Secrets, he has also authored or co-authored Magic For Dummies, Opera For Dummies, Classical Music For Dummies, The iMac For Dummies, and PalmPilot: The Ultimate Guide. He’s been profiled in USA Today and the New York Times, and on CBS’ “48 Hours” and MSNBC's “The Site.” You can reach David through his Web Page (www.davidpogue.com) or via email (david@pogueman.com). Joseph Schorr is a journalist and playwright. He writes the monthly “Secrets” column for Macworld magazine and his plays have been produced at Yale, Off- Off Broadway, and at Wolf Trap. A 1985 Yale graduate, he spent seven years as a reporter with The Oregonian newspaper, and is currently a softw-ce product manager in Portland, Oregon. Joe co-wrote the original Macworld Mac Secrets while living in an absurdly remote town in the White Mountains of Arizona, where he communicated with the outside world solely via modem (address: schorr@earthlink.net). Preface Who Should Read This Book There's no question that you'll get some good out of this book no matter how much of a Mac expert you are. Heck, even if you throw away the book, the accompanying 600MB of spectacular software will make you mighty glad you picked it up. But we may as well admit that this book completely skips over the basics of using a Macintosh. If you don’t already know how to point and click, open windows, insert a disk, use a menu, and open a control panel, we'd like to recommend Macs For Dummies, an outstanding beginner's book from IDG Books Worldwide. But because it was written by one of your present authors, we won't even mention it. That would be a conflict of interest. As a matter of fact, here are the terms we’re going to be tossing around without any definition: 88 -key (command key), Apple menu, backup copy, click, control panel, cursor, Delete key, desktop, double-click, File menu, floppy disk, folder, font, hard drive, icon, K (kilobyte), keyboard, launch a program, MB (megabyte), menu, menu command, monitor, mouse, numeric keypad, Option key, point, quit a program, Return key, spacebar, scroll bar, System 7, title bar (of a window), Trash. On the other hand, this book doesn’t go to the very technical ends of the Mac universe, either. It doesn’t talk about programming in C language or using DAL or hooking up to a mainframe. And we wouldn't tell you what you can accomplish by going inside your Mac with a soldering gun— even if we knew. This book is for everybody in the middle — everybody who's no longer impressed by the way the Trash changes shape when something’s in it but wouldn’t mind knowing how to change a file’s icon or beat Word 98 into submission. Secrets of This Book The biggest secret to getting the most out of this book is understanding its structure. Each topic is divided into halves. The first part is a general discussion, like a miniarticle. It’s followed by the secrets: undocumented, often never-before-published hints and tips for pushing your Mac to its max. Macworld Mac Secrets, 5” Edition Part by Part Here’s how the primary book sections are broken down: Part I: System Software Revealed unearths insider information about the free software that came with your Mac — namely, the System software that fills that Apple System CD-ROM or that mound of white System disks. But we won't mention only the Finder (and aliases and labels and Trash and the Desktop file), but also the important Installer, your control panels, your Apple menu, and all those Apple Extras. And, best of all, this part identifies all the System-folder clutter you can throw out. Part II: Secrets of the Machine takes you into the actual mechanics of the Mac. You won't go so far in that you'll need a degree in electrical engineering; you'll just learn enough of the inner workings to be useful. This part, for example, actually gives a decent explanation of how to use virtual memory. It includes a Disk Chapter, a Memory Chapter, special coverage of the Power Macs and PowerBook laptops, and a new section on USB, the new gadget- connection technology introduced with the iMac. Chapters 12 and 13 even contain detailed Mac-by-Mac model descriptions so that you'll know what you bought, how it can be upgraded, and how much technology has marched on since you bought your machine. Part Ill: Application Secrets covers the programs you probably use in day-to- day work: major players like AppleWorks (formerly ClarisWorks), Word, Excel, and FileMaker, as well as software like ResEdit that can help make the Mac more yours. This part is a whole book-within-a-book, with enough expert insight to make you say “Wow” at least once per page. Why We Wrote This Book DP: Everybody who's ever worked with a Mac already knows that you discard a file by moving its icon to the Trash can, that you select text by dragging across it, and that you end the day by choosing Shut Down from the Special menu. The world doesn’t need another book to define scrol! bar. little-known user groups... The little animated surprises that lurk inside commercial programs... DP: The trick to connecting two Macs together with a piece of phone wire or getting your PowerBook safely through the X-ray machine or making your icons invisible to prying eyes... JS: ...at last, it's all been collected into one substantial paperback written by a couple of former JS: So when we started writing this book, we worked college roommates. from one simple, overarching concept: Under no circumstances would we define scroll bar. DP: Is there anything else you think we should DP: Instead, we decided to tell secrets: secrets about how a Mac really works, secrets that software programmers buried in programs but forgot to tell the manual writer, secrets that answer some of the most frequently asked (and seldom answered) questions about Macintosh computing, secrets like how to restore an ailing Mac to health. JS: All those elusive, mystical $6-Option-Shift-Tab- Question Mark key sequences that are whispered at mention? 4S: Do the words free software mean anything to you? DP: Good point. We've included an incredible stash of Great programs on a CD-ROM at the er of the book. JS: We were both sick of reading books that tell you about some great software and then send you to your local user group or store to find it. So we decided from the outset that this book would be different. If Preface ix Part IV: The World Online makes its debut in this edition. Now that the Internet has become an integral part of using the Mac — and an integral part of its software — we thought we’d better start demystifying that mother of all networks, too. Here you'll find chapters devoted to buying and understanding modems; America Online; Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer; writing your own Web pages; and dealing with e-mail (including junk e-mail). Part V: Attachments is about everything you attach to your computer — printers (and, therefore, fonts), scanners, digital cameras, CD-ROM and DVD- ROM players, NuBus and PCI cards, and networks. At the end of this part is a troubleshooting chapter that, among other things, contains our Rule of Three: a troubleshooting trick that solves about 99% of typical mysterious Mac crashes and odd behaviors. Appendix: The Secrets Software describes the hundreds of programs that come with this book. Sidebars Along the way, we intend to spice things up with special minitopics: @ Each Answer Man sidebar contains an actual question asked by an actual imaginary Macintosh user, and our actual attempt to answer it. @ A Macintosh Secret has, we suppose, much in common with a regular Hint or Trick or Tip. But to qualify for its own special sidebar, a Macintosh Secret has to have particular juiciness, a surprising element, or special pertinence to the discussion at hand. we mention something you need, we included it with the book. DP: And not only shareware. We've also included commercial software, from actual software companies like Apple, Microsoft, Netscape, Berkeley Systems, Extensis, MicroFrontier, DataViz, Westcode, Abbott Systems, and Power On. And we've even thrown in a couple of programs written especially for this book — totally exclusive software. All of this adds up to a book that delves into the inner workings of the machine, the hardware behind the hardware, the raw code, the... JS: Wait a minute, this isn’t going to be one of those horribly dry, technical, IBM-style books that probes the depths of programming and discusses things like — like DIP switches, is it? DP: DIP switches won't even be mentioned. JS: So then why is there a “DIP switch” entry in the index? DP: Because you just said DIP switches. Once you say it, it goes in the index. Now it's part of the book. JS: Just because | said it. DP: Yes! That's how indexes work. So, anyway, we think this book will show you how to get the most from your Mac and increase the... JS: So if | say “DOS,” suddenly DOS is in the index? DP: Right, so quit saying stuff like that. I'm trying to finish this obligatory introductory section... JS: What about AUTOEXEC.BAT? And COM1? And RS-422 port? DP: Stop it! Stop it! JS: Just checking. DP: Shail we begin? JS: Let's. Speed Tip Macworld Mac Secrets, 5" Edition ® Case Histories are true stories from real life, reflecting the genuine agony of trying to solve a computer problem as deadlines loom. Of course, we've selected only stories with happy endings. m True Facts, however, may not end happily. These are fun tidbits from the world of high-powered Silicon Valley politics: tales of Apple intrigue or Adobe warfare, and other trivia. mw As you can imagine, writing a tightly integrated book like this is difficult for one person. We found that it may even be tougher for two; sometimes we (JS and DP) simply couldn’t agree. In those instances, you'll get both sides of the story in the form of a Dialogue between your co-authors. You'll hear the conservative, careful view (usually Joe’s) versus the devil- may-care, it’s-under-warranty-anyway stance (usually David’s). Finding the Good Parts Finally, you'll find icons in the margin of this book. Here’s what they’re about: Speed Tip icons are for people in such a hurry that they don’t even have the time to scan our secrets for efficiency tips; these symbols mark our time-saving tips. CD icons let you know that, whatever the current discussion is about, you don't have to go out and buy some program to make it work. The software you need is on a CD-ROM, right at the back of this book. Strange But True icons indicate an oddity we bet you didn’t know. Even though the Mac is the world’s most self-explanatory computer, there’s a lot of weirdness going on behind that plastic. Worth Learning icons mark a technique most people don’t bother with. But we, as seasoned veterans, have found a tip marked by this icon particularly worth making part of your work routine. Contest Winner icons alert you to secrets submitted by readers — the best 50, in fact. These lucky 50 readers each received a free copy of this book, just as you'll receive a copy of the Sixth Edition if we choose your secret to publish (see the contest details later in this chapter). Mac Basics icons debut with this edition. We're particularly proud that IDG Books is still a full-steam producer of Macintosh books, even as some of the more spineless publishers buy into the Wall Street Journal's anti-Mac paranoia and abandon the market. The Mac Basics icon is there as a welcome to new Mac Secrets readers — and to existing Mac fans who may find surprising holes in their knowledge of what we consider to be the fundamentals. Mac OS 8 icons mark information specific to Mac OS 8 or later. So many things changed in Mac OS 8 that we thought we'd point out these dramatic changes. Preface Mac OS 8.5 icons denote coverage of the OS version that debuted just as this book did: Mac OS 8.5 (and its subsequent decimal-point upgrades), That bizarre arrow notation As you read this edition, you'll notice frequent use of this notation: File> Open. That's shorthand for “From the File menu, choose the Open command,” This abbreviation style really pays off when you're asked to choose submenus, as in “Choose Insert » Autotext © Normal,” and when you're supposed to open anested folder (‘Open your System Folder Apple Menu Items folder”). Why'd we incorporate this shorthand? Because we're all busy people, and the book is long enough as it is. What’s New in Secrets 5.0 As you know, computer years are like dog years — seven of them for one of our years. This edition hit the shelves nearly two years after the previous one; as a result, so many aspects of Macintosh life changed we had to overhaul the thing — almost all 1,300 pages of it. You'll find changes on almost every page. We're especially proud of our Mac OS 8.5 (and later) coverage. You'll find new discussions of Mac OS 8 and 8.1; the HFS+ hard drive-formatting scheme; digital cameras; the iMac, G3 Power Macs, and G3 PowerBooks; USB devices; Photoshop 5, America Online 4, and Microsoft Office 98; Word macro viruses; Outlook Express and Claris Emailer; Netscape Navigator 4.x and Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.x; Quark 4 and PageMaker 6.5; G3 upgrade cards; AppleScript and MacsBug; and much more. And we had to double-check every single secret to make sure it still works. ~ You might wonder what we cut to make way for all of this good new stuff. *, \ The answer is: just about every remaining shred of System 7 and 7.1 _’ information. If your Mac still runs those operating systems that exited the o scene in 1994, take joy from the fact that the cut material is still in the fourth edition — which you've got on the CD-ROM that accompanies this book! Finally, we overhauled the software that comes with this book. We've included a delicious variety of commercial programs: OneClick, Action Files, You Don’t Know Jack Lite, Color It, Extensis PhotoBevel, and MacLinkPlus are among them — software you could purchase on your own for literally hundreds of dollars. And we’ve included many times more hand-picked shareware and freeware programs; you'll never have to go scampering to the Web to find some useful utility we describe in the text. You'll also find the complete text of this edition in electronic, searchable form on the CD-ROM. You may find that Mac Secrets on a PowerBook is actually easier to carry around than Mac Secrets itself. See the appendix for the complete list and descriptions of the CD goodies. xii Macworld Mac Secrets, 5" Edition You Asked For It By far the most frequent suggestions we receive from readers are: m “Give us an electronic, searchable edition!” You got it. The book in your hands is also on the accompanying CD-ROM in an electronic, searchable format. Now you can take Mac Secrets with you on your PowerBook, too. m “Keep the book updated!” That's the purpose of our free online updates (see “Free Electronic Updates,” below) — and our Web page (http://www.idgbooks.com/idgbooksonline/macsecrets). mu “The book is too big! Sell it as separate volumes.” The publisher really did consider this suggestion — for about 11 seconds. We were told that this kind of packaging would jack up the cost of the book and prevent bookstore browsers from checking the book out (because it would have to be wrapped in plastic). Bummer. And speaking of the feedback we get: send it on! (Our e-mail addresses are on page vi.) Point out our mistakes, please, and send us the secrets you uncover, and tell us how we could improve the next edition. We're secure people; we're prepared to suffer the slings and arrows of reader feedback if it'll produce a better book the next time around. Free Electronic Updates This may be the fifth edition, but you have to check the copyright page (that 10987... business) to see which printing you have. Every few months — each time the publisher prints up a new batch — we update the material in this book. So we had a wacky thought: instead of just sending the updates to our editor, why not post them on the Internet, where everybody can get at them? That’s exactly what we’ve done. Each update document comes complete with page numbers, so you can make your copy match the latest printings! To find these free electronic updates, visit this book’s Web page at www.idgbooks.com/ idgbooksonline/macsecrets. This Web site lets you download our updates — and much more: contest results, updated shareware programs, and more. Get Your Next Edition Free, or Win $500 It’s the third annual Mac Secrets Mac secret contest! This year’s contest Send us the coolest undocumented features, buried treasures, power-user shortcuts, authoritative corrections, ResEdit hacks, and secret About boxes. If you send us one that hasn’t been published elsewhere, and we use it in the Preface xiii next edition of this book, we'll send you the sixth edition of Macworld Mac Secrets at no charge when it’s published. We'll award 50 free books this way (and, of course, we'll credit you in the book). Furthermore, we'll once again award $500 to the absolute coolest, most amazing undocumented secret we receive. Send your entries by e-mail to david@pogueman.com or schorr@earthlink.net, or, if you must, by U.S. mail to: Mac Secrets Contest IDG Books Worldwide, Inc. 919 E. Hillsdale Blvd. #400 Foster City, CA 94404 Last year’s contest No joke: fully 60 percent of the entries in the secrets contest for the edition in your hands were secrets that already appeared in the book! Another 20 percent were duplicated, alas — we've awarded the free books to the first submission we received. Of the rest, some were too trivial, too technical, or based on software that is too old or too uncommon to appeal to our wide audience. Lots of these secrets were terrific things to know, but were already well documented in the software manuals. And 50, of course, were winners. Once again this year, we didn’t receive any single secret that was so amazing it merited the big $500 grand prize. Therefore, we've sent $250 to each of two lucky gentlemen: Lubomir Stroetmann, for his submission of 20 absolutely fresh and useful tricks; and Swedish reader Géran Svegler, who went so far as to write special software (the extremely cool Hi-Res Map) to include on our CD. Lubomir is from Denmark and Géran is from Sweden, which we assume is either (a) pure coincidence or (b) a secret Scandanavian plot to take over the world. Where to Get Apple Software As you read this book, you'll encounter frequent references to Apple updates, system patches, supplementary software, and so on. By far the simplest way to get this free Apple software is to download it (see Chapter 25 to find out how to get connected to the Internet or an online service). m= On America Online: Use keyword: AppleComputer. @ On the Internet: Download stuff from Apple’s software sites at ftp.support.apple.com or ftp.info.apple.com. Acknowledgments The information in this book comes from many sources, the most important of which is our army of loyal and articulate readers. Since the last edition appeared, we received over 4,500 e-mail messages from readers around the planet: tricks, tips, clarifications, news, and encouragement. We read and replied to all of them — and used their input to shape the final product. Over the years, various other knowledgeable, friendly Mac fans have left their marks on the evolving book, too. Gene Steinberg and John Stroud contributed several important chapters to the early editions. In this edition, you'll find a new chapter on tackling Mac-Windows compatibility issues — a chapter written by genius John Rizzo, who maintains the mac-windows.com Web site. New, too, is the chapter on creating Web sites, which had substantial input from Ted Alspach, and a chapter on America Online, drafted by Erfert Fenton. We were thrilled to learn that once again, Dennis Cohen would be the book's technical editor, which in this case involved not just catching our gaffes but also contributing some astounding Mac secrets of his own. We’re also proud to toast the various IDG Books editors who've shaped the book over the years: Marta Partington (first edition), Andy Cummings (second), Jim Grey and Joe Curran (third), Kevin Shafer (fourth), and Steve Klett and Katharine Dvorak (this edition). Josh Bernstein and Stefan Anthony each made special coverage possible — thanks dudes. Thanks, too, to IDG Books’ Mike Roney, Walt Bruce, and John Kilcullen, who had the faith to keep producing great Mac books at a time when wussier publishers were leaving the market. Finally, our gratitude gushes to those we wanted to spend more time with, but couldn’t, while we were immersed in this project: Allison, for her constant support; Alexandria and Zachary; the lovely Dr. Pogue, son Kelly, and his upcoming sibling; our editors and friends at Macworld magazine; and Bullwinkle the Wonder Dog. The Good Stuff on the CD-ROM The CD-ROM that comes with this book includes over 100 outstanding, hand- picked shareware and freeware programs. Our gratitude and admiration go to the programmers who were (a) talented enough to write these programs, and (b) nice enough to give us permission to include them. The CD-ROM with this book also comes with a number of commercial programs — an even more remarkable inclusion. After all, if you ran a software company, would you have enough security and faith to give away your company’s crown jewels with a book like this? But that's exactly what happened. The companies listed below have given us actual, functioning, non-time-limited software to include on the CD with this book. You get something great without having to pay for it. They hope you'll Macworld Mac Secrets, 5" Edition like the stuff so much, you'll buy more of their software, or upgrade to the new versions. (Discount coupons to further entice you are in the back of the book.) Here are the names of our friendly contacts at the participating software companies: Abbott Systems: Ken Abbott Aladdin Systems: Jonathan Kahn, Jennifer Lyng Binary Software: Charles Haspel DataViz: Scott Thomas MicroFrontier: Ed Jones, Keith Woodard Nova Development: Roger Bloxberg, Gary Gonzales Olduvai Software: Gabriel Foux Power On Software: Bob Leeds WestCode Software: Rob Renstrom, Mark Brooks Contents at a Glance URCHTPOWIOUSITG HES cesesisccraterceccesevcccscscscesceccecccsescaccescsececscesececccecaceceuccaeX¥ Part I: System Software Revealed ........::::scsccsssseee Chapter 1: Your First Software: The Finder Chapter 2: Finder Command Secrets .. Chapter 3; Desk-Accessory World....... Chapter 4: Control Panels and Extensions Chapter 5: Enablers, installers, and Apple Extra Chapter 6: The System Software Museum. Partiil: Secretsiof thot Machine <......ccc::csscs:scatsectsnssedsscesssaed Chapter 7: On, Off, and Everything in Between... Chapter 8: The Disk Chapter. : Chapter 9: Memory... Chapter 10: Keyboards, Mice, and USB Chapter 11: Monitors ... Chapter 12: From 128K to Quadra: Mac to Mac Chapter 13: The PowerPC Macs, Model by Model . Chapter 14: PowerBooks Exposed «.....cnese Part III: Application Secrets........sccccssccssesseeessceeesereesseeeee DOT Chapter 15: Mac Application Basics ... Chapter 16: Mac to PC and Back....... Chapter 17: Word Processing....... Chapter 18: Page Design..... Chapter 19: Number and Data Crunching .. Chapter 20: Graphics and 3D.......... Chapter 21: The ResEdit Chapter Chapter 22: Utilities, Macros, and AppleScript. Chapter 23: Speech, Movies, and Sound... xviii Macworld Mac Secrets, 5” Edition Part IV: The World Online. Chapter 24: Mysteries of the Modem Chapter 25: The Web, the Net, and Everything Online Chapter 26: Getting the Most Out of America Online... Chapter 27: Everything E-mail .... Chapter 28: A Web Site—Making Crash Cours Part Vi AttachiM@nts cecesncccers-on---ce. eeceeaesseecueee-aseuensesasen OS) Chapter 29: Inside Fonts... Chapter 30: Printing Secrets. Chapter 31: Scanners and Di; Chapter 32: CD-ROM, DVD, and Other Such Word: Chapter 33: The SCSI Chain, IDE, and FireWire Chapter 34: NuBus, PCI, and Other Slots.. Chapter 35: The Networking Chapter Chapter 36: Troubleshootin; Appendix: The Secrets Software. Index.. Contents GGIACO.nncunssssecrecersarsrttacsc:ssecsertiveceesiserteescucertartesrtemenertac Acknowledgments .........2:cs0se0008 Part I: System Software Revealed Chapter 1: Your First Software: The Finder ... Finder: The Unknown Program A Few Words about Icons Selecting icons .. Icon Secrets Renaming icons Icon Renaming Secrets . The Truth about Finder Windows Anatomy of a window ... Mac OS 8 window stunts Pop-up Window Secrets Finder Window Secrets nen The Point of Views: Lists, Icons, and Buttons List, Icon, and Button View Secrets Gapying Giles. scenes, File Copying Secrets ... Your First Database: The Desktop File ... What's in the Desktop file Curing a troubled Desktop file Desktop File Secrets .. Secrets of the Trash . Trash Secrets All about Aliases Making an alias . Finding the original file .. More alias notes Alias Secrets ... Drag-and-Dropping Icons “ Macintosh Drag-and-Drop .......... Macintosh Drag-and-Drop Secrets Chapter 2: Finder Command Secrets ..............::sescseseseenseeen The Apple Menu .. Apple Menu Secrets The File Menu Print _ Macworld Mac Secrets, 5" Edition Move to Trash Get Info Label .... Are labels useless? Sharing ..... Make Alias ...... Add to Favorites Put Away .. Find .. The Edit Menu . Cut, Copy, Paste, Clear Show Clipboard . Preferences The View Menu as Icons, as Buttons, as List as Window, as Pop-up Window Clean Up, Arrange (Mac OS 8.x) Reset Column Positions ...... View Options .. The Special Menu Eject Disk .... Erase Disk Clean Up (System 7.x) .. Clean Up Secrets (System 7.x) «. The Help Menu ..... Balloon Help Apple Guide Mac OS 8.5 Help The Keyboard/International Menu : Contextual Menus ... ithe Application Menu Mac OS 8.5 Application Palette Secrets Hidden System Commands ..... Hidden System Software Command Secrets Chapter 3: Desk-Accessory World........::ssscssesenseeseeseeseenseastseeseessesereeees DD Welcome to the Desk Accessories 93 Apple System Profiler . AppleCD Audio Player AppleCD Audio Player Secrets Automated Tasks. Calculator . Calculator Secrets Chooser ..... Chooser Secrets Control Panels .. Connect To. Favorites .... . Find (Find File) Find basics . Find by Content (Mac OS 8.5) .. Search the Internet (Mac OS 8.5) .. Find File (and Sherlock) Secrets . Graphing Calculator .. Graphing Calculator Secrets Internet Access Jigsaw Puzzle ... Jigsaw Puzzle Secrets Key Caps ... Key Caps Secrets . Network Browser ......... Network Software Selector Note Pad .... Note Pad Secrets . weenee Recent Applications, Documents, Servers Remote Access Status Scrapbook .... 28 Scrapbook Secrets 128 SimpleSound ..... Stickies ... Stickies Secrets Shut Down ... Chapter 4: Control Panels and Extensions ........ The Control Panels .... What's a control panel, anyway? Appearance (Mac OS 8.0 and 8.1) . Appearance Control Panel Secrets Appearance (Mac OS 8.5) Apple Menu Options ... Apple Menu Options Secrets .. AppleTalk .. AppleVision Setup .. At Ease Setup ..... At Ease Secrets ATM .. Auto Power On/Oft AutoRemounter Button Disabler CloseView Color . Color Control Panel wen ColorSync or ColorSync System Profile . Control Strip ..... e : Control Strip Secrets Changing the Strip: before Mac OS 8.5 CPU Energy Saver —— Date & Time .. Date & Time Secrets Desktop Patterns Desktop Patterns Secrets .. Desktop Pictures Desktop Pictures Secrets .. Contents XXi xii Macworld Mac Secrets, 5" Edition Dial Assist .. Easy Access ... Editor Setup .. Energy Saver 1.0 Energy Saver 2.0 (and related files) Energy Saver Secrets ....00.00.00000 Energy Saver and G3 PowerBooks .. Express Modem . Extensions Manager .. Extensions Manager Secrets File Exchange ...... File Exchange Secrets .. File Sharing ......... File Sharing Monitor File Synchronization General Controls (7.5 and later) .. General Controls (pre-System 7.5) Infrared .. Internet .. Keyboard .. Labels ... Launcher ..... Launcher Control Panel Secrets Location Manager ..... Location Manager Secrets Mac OS Easy Open (Sich Easy iss) MacLinkPlus Setup . MaeTCP ........ MacTCP DNR Map : Map Secrets .. Memory Memory Control Panel Secrets .. Monitors ....... Monitor Secrets .. Moden ... Modem Control Panel Secrets Monitors & Sound Mouse Network Numbers ...... Password Security PC Exchange .. PC Setup ...... PC Setup Secrets Performa Pointer Mode .. Power Macintosh Card PowerBook .. PowerBook Display .. PowerBook SCSI Disk Mode .. PowerBook Setup . PowerTalk Setup Contents PPP QuickTime Settings Remote Access .... Screen ...... . Sharing Setup Sound .. Sound Control Panel Secrets Sound & Displays Speech Speech Setup Startup Disk . TCP/IP . este Token Ring Trackpad ...... Users & Groups . Video Views Web Sharing WindowShade ..... Extensions One by One .. All about shared libraries The extensions themselves ... The Ultimate Extension-Linking Guide Chapter 5: Enablers, Installers, and Apple Extras .... The System Folder Folders Appearance Apple Data Detectors ....... Apple Menu Items folder .. Application Support ColorSync Profiles ..... Contextual Menu Items folder Control Panels folder ..... Control Panels (Disabled) Control Strip Modules folder Desktop PrintMonitor documents Extensions folder .... i Extensions (Disabled) folder .. Favorites folder .... . Fonts folder ... Help folder .... Internet Search Sites Launcher Items folder Preferences folder . MS Preference Panels PrintMonitor Documents folder Scripting Additions Scripts Shutdown Items folder ...... Shutdown Items (Disabled) Speakable Items folder .... xxiv Macworld Mac Secrets, 5” Edition ~ ice Startup Items folder .. Startup Items (Disabled) ..... Loose in your System folder All About Enablers ...... Why Enablers exist The enabler is born The System File Itself .. Apple Extras and Apple Leftovers Apple Extras .... On your system CD Older system-software versions The System-Software Installer Why use the Installer ..... Step 1: Start up from the CD Step 2: Run the Installer (Mac OS 8.x) . Step 2: Run the Installer (System 7.5-7.6) What the components are System 7.0-7.1 notes . Installer Secrets Switching between System Versions . Two different disks ..... ‘Two different disks (occasional method) One disk The Great Invisible-File Collection . Chapter 6: The System Software Museum..........:::s:sssessenserssenereenersetee QOD The Jurassic Era: System 1.0-4.2 System 1.0 System 1.1 System 2.0 System 3.0 System 3.1 System 3.2 System 3.3 System 4.0 System 4.1 System 4.2 The Victorian Age: System 6.0.2 System 6.0. System 6.0.8 System 7.0 .. System 7.0.1 System 7.1 System 7 Pro (System 7. System 7.1.2 System 7.1.2P System 7.1.3 System 7.5 .. . System 7.5.1 (System 7.5 Update 1.0) 308 System 7.5.2 eae corr System 7.5.3 (System 7.5 Update 2.0) System 7.5.31 .. : System 7.5.3 Revision 2 System 7.5.3 Revision 2.1 System 7.5.4 System 7.5.5 Copland: The OS That Wasn't System 7.6 System 7.6.1 Mac OS8 ...., Mac OS 8.1 Mac OS 8.5 Rhapsody and Next . Carbon and Mac OS X Performa System-Software Annex Part Il: Secrets of the Machine .........ccccsccssencesenssesensesenens S22 Chapter 7: On, Off, and Everything iin Between.......:ccsscssscssereseseesssssens S29 Power On .... qi The ADB Bus .. How to turn on the Mac when there's no keyboar« The Startup Sequence . The startup chimes ROM: the hidden software ... Why the Mac needs a System file The startup continues .. The Chimes of Death What else takes so long The search for a good system The first programs to run: enablers . More startup software: extensions and control panels Extensions and control panels: how they load . Your personalized loading order ‘ Drivers: sometimes invisible, always vital Icon row ..... The Ultimate Startup-Keys List Startup Secrets .... Beyond the Startup Sequence . Startup Items Shutting Down .... The cycle of last chances . Shut Down Secrets . The Restart (Reset) Switch Where is it? What is it? Sleep Modes System sleep Hard drive sleep Monitor sleep —and saving power Conte nts XXV xxvi Macworld Mac Secrets, 5" Edition Chapter 8: The Disk Chapter .... Disk Basics ... Sectors, tracks, and blocks The great wasted-space conspiracy The changing-file-size syndrome What's a volume? ... HFS+ (Mac OS Extended Format) Should you upgrade your drive to HFS+? How to upgrade to HFS+ Hard Disks ...... Two things dor t want to think about—but shoul The device driver ... All about IDE .... How to update your hard-disk driver Interleave ..... The Secrets hard-drive maintenance schedule .. Hard Drive Secrets File fragmentation Defragmenting Secrets Partitions .... Why partition? Why not to partition .. How to partition a hard drive ..... Partitioning for smaller block sizes Your hard drive's secret partitions . Reformatting Floppy Disks .. How they work ..... The obligatory “floppies-are-fragile" discussion The end of the floppy drive? .. Floppy Disk Secrets Removable Disks .. Removable-Disk Secrets .. Chapter 9: Memory. RAM: the Chips . Where your memory goes What to do about a RAM shortage How to buy SIMMs/DIMMs . Types of DIMMs .. Installing memory . RAM: for Programs . The two out-of-memory messages Three different memory sizes per program The Finder's memory partition See where your memory’s going . RAM Doubler to the rescue RAM Doubler Secrets .. A calm discussion of memory fragmentation . Memory leaks —and shared libraries The Disk Cache Setting the Disk Cache ...........0004 ae Serene: ociesennaer reseecrraerscena 408 i CO Contents The correct disk cache Size... RAM Disks: High-Speed Imaginary Drives What's wrong with RAM disks . Where a RAM disk comes from RAM Disk Secrets .. Virtual Memory: Instant, Free RAM How it works ... How to turn on virtual memory Virtual Memory Secrets Chapter 10: Keyboards, Mice, and USB ........ About the ADB Chain . What to plug in ... About the ADB power .. USB Hits the Mac . The Keyboard .... A Few Odd Keys and What They Mean The Option key . The Power key A word or two about Caps Lock .. A guide to the strange keyboard symbols Keyboard Secrets ... The Mouse, Trackball, and Trackpad .... Journey to the interior ... Cleaning the mouse or trackball .. Mouse alternatives Ergonomics Basics ... aecenennnnn SOD +435 435 436, 436 437 438 440 440 44] 441 Chapter 11: Monitors ............. Monitor Basics ... FACE EAL How a CRT works . Flicker . About VRAM Deeper colors, bigger screen: more VRAM needed .. How much VRAM do I need? ° Switching modes Grayscale .... A Word About DPI How big is your monitor — really? ... Multisync (multiple-scan) monitors Multiple Monitors . Arranging the monitors in space Which monitor is this? ........ Specifying the startup monitor Selecting the main monitor Monitor Secrets .... Chapter 12: From 128K to Quadra: Mac to Mac........... Coming to Terms More specs ..... More Secrets Macworld Mac Secrets, 5” Edition Compact Macs SE/30 Secrets .. The Mac Il Series A lfx Secret .... Mci Secrets .. The LC Series The Centris/Quadra Line Portable Macs ..... Feats The Only Upgrade Guide You'll Ever Need .. Chapter 13: The PowerPC Macs, Model by Model .... The PowerPC Chip ........ All about emulation Look and feel . Get your chips straight ... Power Macs, Model by Model Laptop Power Macs ... PowerPC Mac Secrets Macintosh Clones: Here and Gone .. The clones arrive Apple backs out ... PowerPC and the Future ..... Chapter 14: PowerBooks Exposed ..... A Little History The Screen .. Passive-matrix, dual-scan, and SFT screens Active-matrix and TFT screens PowerBook Screen Secrets Working from a Wall Outlet The battery gauge .. Power-outlet Secrets .. Tales of the Trackpad Trackpad secrets ... Working from a Battery . Meet your battery . Charging batteries The memory effect . Battery-swapping notes Conserving battery power Battery Secrets The Four-Hour Charge (RAM-Disk) Trick Choosing the right size for the RAM disk .. Creating the RAM disk .. Loading up the RAM disk Putting the RAM disk in charge Trashing your hard drive ... PowerBook RAM-Disk Secrets Sleep Mode ... Sleep versus restart ... How much time you have .. Contents xxix Sleep Secrets .. Getting Info In and Out . Of CD-ROMs, Zips, and floppies . Transferring files from a PowerBook to another Mac Keeping track of which files are current . Making presentations . Using the fax/modem ... Aword or two about printing PowerBook Printing Secrets Traveling with the PowerBook In the Airport .. Security on the road Inflight silliness ... Duo Notes—and Newton Stunts Part Ill: Application Secrets. Chapter 15: Mac Application Basics .... Types, Creators, and Besa sales: Creator codes .............. Type codes — How nematic creator codes alfect you Changing type and creator codes . Type and Creator Code Secrets .. Which Copy Will Launch? Which copy on your system .. Which version of the program . How the Mac Multitasks .......... Modern Multitasking Hazards of Multitasking Memory management .. Not knowing which program is open . Multitasking Secrets Publish and Subscribe Why hasn't it caught on? The basics of Publish and Subscribe .. Publish and Subscribe step-by-step Editing the subscriber ...... Controlling when editions are updated Subscriber options .... Multitasking Pro; OpenDoc .. Save, Save As, Revert . Save and Revert . Save As .. A visual tour of the Save box Save/Open Dialog Box Secrets Save and Open File 2000: Navigation Services . New Open/Save Dialog Box Secrets Stationery ... ; . Ten Macintosh Application Basic Techniques . XXX Macworld Mac Secrets, 5" Edition Chapter 16: Mac to PC and Back .... PC Disks ... PC floppies PC CD-ROM: PC Disk Secrets Converting PC Files for the Mac .. Category 1: No conversion necessary Category 2: Let your application do the conversion Category 3: Convert the document yourself .... Category 4: Save as a simpler, intermediary format . How to open a PC document .. Cross-Platform File-Conversion Secrets ... Exchanging Graphics with Windows Users . Cross-Platform Networking A Protocol Primer ...... Putting PCs on a Mac Network Macs on PC networks .......-.:..0+ Connecting to Windows NT Server Sharing files with AppleShare IP and Web Technology Running Windows Programs on a Mac . Software PC Emulators ........ : VirtualPC/SoftWindows Speed Secrets Using PC Peripherals on the Mac Monitors . Keyboards, Mice, and Joysticks USB Devices Scanners ...... Printers PCI Cards Chapter 17: Word Processing.......... A Few Words About Word Processing Universal Word Processing Secrets Microsoft Word .. Customizing menus Adding keyboard shortcuts .. Customizing Word Toolbars Styles and style sheets . AutoCorrect, AutoText, and the Glossary .. Templates and Settings files Microsoft Word Secrets .... Word Macros: The Menu-Changer’s Workaround WordPerfect . WordPerfect Secrets . Nisus, WriteNow, MacWrite Pro AppleWorks/ClarisWorks ... AppleWorks/Claris Works Word Processor Secrets SimpleText: The ReadMe Machine .. SimpleText Secrets ccssvss0 Contents Xxxi en Ne = a Chapter 18: Page Design........sssssssssssssssesssssessesererereneneeeterereeseenereeens TOL Page-Layout Principles .... Two font families, three at most Page grid ... In defense of th Break up the text Use rules ... Reverse type Widows and orphans INGET aes ee How to start a paragraph Watch those line lengths . Keep your eyes open PageMaker PageMaker Secrets QuarkXPress ...... Measurements palette .. Document palette .. QuarkXPress Secrets Page Design and the World Wide Web .. Chapter 19: Number and Data Crunching...........ccscsesseceseseneeesenenenereneeeT 29 Spreadsheet Basics .... Excel Secrets (and Claris Works) .. Quicken Quicken Secrets «. FileMaker and ClarisWorks FileMaker/Claris Works Secrets Chanter: 2O-1Grannics amir) ..cccsureccccesesancccaecrscosntsrescearscereusecarseecass TOs File Formats ... PICT files . TIFF files JPEG files . EPS files .. GIF files ...... Startup screens . PDF (Acrobat) files Types of Graphics Programs Painting .. Editing high-resolution bitmaps ...... General Painting Secrets Adobe Photoshop (and Color It) Photoshop Secret: Drawing ... ‘ Drawing program advantages . Selecting and grouping multiple objects .. Universal Drawing Program Secret: PostScript Drawing Programs Paths and wireframes ... Faster, more reliable printing . Macworld Mac Secrets, 5" Edition Universal PostScript Drawing Secrets FreeHand Secrets. = Illustrator Secrets 3D Graphics ......... QuickDraw 30 ..... Chapter 21: The ResEdit Chapter What Is ResEdit? How to Use ResEdit . The Peril Factor A primer in customizing menus Adding a keyboard equivalent in Finder 7 or 8 Customizing dialog boxes : cei Editing individual dialog-box elements . ResEdit Secrets .. Top Ten ResEdit Pranks F Chapter 22: Utilities, Macros, and AppleScript Hard Disk Repair and Recovery Software .... Disk Utility Secrets Virus Protection . Where viruses live Software protection The AutoStart Worm Macro Software ..... Macro Software Secrets ... The OneClick Crash Course .. Recording the macro . Cleaning up the macro Further info ... OneClick Secrets . The AppleScript Crash Course The AppleScript basics Is it scriptable? Your first AppleScript Debugging your script .. How to trigger an AppleScript What to do with AppleScript .. Screen Savers and Screen Grabbers Screen savers .... Screen grabbers Compression Software Segmenting files ... Disk Images, DiskCopy, and ShrinkWrap . ShrinkWrap/DiskCopy Secrets . CanOpener: the Great Retriever MacsBug: Weird Land of the Coder How to use MacsBug . MacsBug Secrets .. Extension Managers .. Extension Manager Secrets ooeeee BOT Contents xxxiii Chapter 23: Speech, Movies, and Sound .........sssescssrsssssstsssesseseesrsee 869 A Mac Digitized-Sound Primer . How to record sounds ... What to do with sounds Sound Secrets. Music with MIDI Sequencing .... What you need MIDI Secrets... QuickTime Movies How to record your own movies QuickTime Digitizing Secrets ..... How to play back and edit movies . What good is it? QuickTime Secrets. QuickTime VR . 94 QuickTime VR Secrets 895 Mac Meets TV ... Bringing TV to your Mac Bringing your Mac to TV Speech |: The Mac Talks . Text-to-Speech Secrets Speech II: The Mac Listens What you can say to the Mac . Speech Secrets ..... Rartel¥: ies World Ontit@c.esccsrccseccccreccasreceorencorecerssencsneesSO)7 Chapter 24: Mysteries of the Modem Hardware Modem speeds The truth about 56K Modems Other modem shopping tips Standards and protocols ... Canine Rasesen Handshaking: two modems get acquainted Beyond the modem: ISDN, Cable Modems, ASDL Enter ISDN ASDL, SDSL Cable modems .. The Software Connecting to the Internet or online services Going online without the Internet How your Mac talks to a modem The modem initialization string . Telecom Secrets Mac as Fax .. How to fax ..... Fax Modem Secrets .......... XXxiv_ Macworld Mac Secrets, 5" Edition ievieseers=exs2 a> 926 Chapter 25: The Web, the Net, and Everything Online.... What's on the Internet ...... Getting online I: Finding an Internet account The Internet via AOL Getting online Il: Preparing your Mac . Getting online Ill: Dialing .. Getting offline: Hanging up Internet Connection Secrets .. Getting Around: Internet Addresses and URLs .. Where to Go on the Internet Newsgroups 5 The World Wide Web ... A World Wide Web warning Web browsers ...... Web Browser Secrets ... Turn your bookmarks into your home page Launch your browser without dialing Bookmark secrets ........ The cheapskate’s bookmark manager: the Finder The Mac-wide bookmark manager: Mac OS 8.5 .. The mouse-click contextual menu Drag-and-drop multimedia .. Internet Explorer Secrets Netscape Secrets ....0.. Where to Go on the Web Chapter 26: Getting the Most Out of America Online 961 Mastering the Basics .. Making it past the busy signal Surf AOL via the Internet . Elevator buttons: Keywords The Favorite Places management guide America Online Secrets . Chapter 27: Everything E-mail .... Anatomy of an E-mail Message The Mac Secrets Guide to E-mail Etiquette . E-mail programs ... E-mail Software Secrets .. The Attachment-Nightmare Guidebook Why you can’t open attachments How to fix It Attachment-Opening Secrets Spam and How to Nuke It .. Filtering ....... Spam-Killing Secrets .. Chapter 28: A Web Site-Making Crash Course... Create Your Web Pages Welcome to HTML .. WYSIWYG design programs Designing your Web page . The Web-Page Building Cookbook Creating a table Create a link .. Add a graphic . Add a color panel down the left side Bulleted lists .... 1004 Adding a counter 1004 HTL Secrets Secure Web Space Send the Web Pages to Your Web Space Keep Your Pages Updated Part V: Attachments .........sccsssrocsseeenerseee Chapter 29: Inside Fonts The Evolution of Mac Fonts Font format #1: bitmapped fonts Font format #2: PostScript fonts ATM ..... ATM Secrets ... Font format #3: TrueType Font format #4: GX fonts ... Working with muitiple font formats Why screen fonts still exist even with ATM Why screen fonts still exist even with TrueType Which font version is that? ... Installing, Removing, and Moving Fonts How to install a font How to remove a font How to copy a font to another disk Font Secrets ... Why Text Prints with Jaggies Style Variations . Style variations for bitmapped fonts Style variations for PostScript font: How to apply bold and italic .... Other styles and Multiple Masters Other derived styles .. The Non-Typographer’s Guide to Type Proportional fonts Spaces between sentences Don’t use underline style .. Use tabs, not spaces .. Em dashes . En dashes Special spaces .. Leading Tracking .. Kerning Contents XXXV XXXVI Macworld Mac Secrets, 5" Edition Ligatures .... Hyphenation Fractions Ellipses Curly quotes ... When to use dumb quotes . : The Option-key character set Option Key Secrets Font Futures . Chapter 30: Printing Secrets .... How Printing Works ..... Dot-matrix printers Inkjet printers . Laser printers . Color printers Imagesetters ..... General Printing Secrets Canceling a printout QuickDraw Printing ..... QuickDraw versus PostScript The StyleWriter series . StyleWriter Secrets .. The Truth About PostScript PostScript fundamentals PostScript fonts . PostScript printing The PostScript Printer Driver . LaserWriter 8: PostScript Level 2 PostScript Level 3 PostScript (LaserWriter 8) Printing Secrets .... Desktop Printing .... Desktop Printing 2.0 Secrets QuickDraw GX .. PostScript Printer Guidebook .. Background printing ..... The messages you see during printing What a difference RAM makes Desktop Printer Utility (Apple Printer Utility, LaserWriter Utility) Naming the printer .... Printing a PostScript file ..... Downloading a new font to the laser printer Remembering the font: the printer’s task Finding your printer's fonts .. PrintMonitor/Desktop PrintMonitor Color Separations Secrets of the Service Bureau .. Service bureau checklist PostScript files and PDFs Service Bureau Secrets Printing Troubleshooting .. When the printout doesn’t match the screen Contents XXxxvii Font and graphics problems General printer errors .. Complex printing errors .. Poor printout quality .... 1097 1098 1099 Chapter 31: Scanners and Digital Cameras How liworks ce. Hooking Up Your Scanner Color Scanning ..... Which Scanner to Buy Other kinds of scanners Choosing a Resolution Scanning Secrets All About OCR How OCR software works Faxes and OCR ..... The end of spell-checking? OCR Secrets .. Digital Cameras . The good and bad of digital Buying a digicam Printing digital pictures Chapter 32: CD-ROM, DVD, and Other Such Words 1117 CD-ROM Basics .. The speed issue .. The great “8X, 16X, 24X” myth How a CD works . What to Do with 600MB ...... Getting Your CD-ROM Up and Running PhotoCb .. Make Your Own CDs CDR .. CD-RW The DVD . Playing DVD movies on your Mac CD-ROM Secrets .. es Chapter 33: The SCSI Chain, IDE, and FireWire ........sccersssesssereeeeree L129 The Importance of Drivers The Three Rules of SCS! Rule #1: Termination Rule #2: SCSI addresses Rule #3: Cabling .. The Great SCSI power-off myth SCSI Secrets ...... SCSI Troubleshooting Spotting the symptoms Solving the problems . Beyond SCSI .... Fast, Wide, and Ultra ... Macworld Mac Secrets, 5" Edition IDE: Cheaper, Sooner, and Less Flexible 1142 FireWire ‘The digital video revolution Beyond video 1144 Chapter 34: NuBus, PCI, and Other Slots ..........++5 eatsneasvecsvseek hao NuBus Cards .... 1145 The big idea .. 1145 PDS Cards ... 1146 ‘The PCI Revolution 1146 Why PCI? 1147 PCI futures . 1147 How to Install a Card 1147 Losing charge .... L148 The board meeti 1148 Removing the card . 1149 Chapter 35: The Networking Chapter The Wiring Setup . Wiring setup 1: Local Talk Wiring setup 2: Ethernet . Wiring setup 3: Token Ring File Sharing Basics The Software Setup: File sharing for one . Setting up the PowerBook Setting up the desktop Mac File synchronization ..... ae The Software Setup: File Sharing for an Office Step 1: Set up the AppleTalk Control Panel. Step 2: Set up the File Sharing control panel Step 3: Set up Users & Groups . Step 4: Sharing specific folders Sharing Command Secrets Step 5: Logging on to Other Macs File-sharing Secrets ... When No One's Home: Remote Access Remote Access Secrets Expanding the Net ....... General Networking Secrets .. What Else a Network is Good For File servers Print servers E-mail .. Net modems Fax servers Program linking PowerTalk, R.LP. .. Open Transport Arrives .. Network Troubleshooting AppleTalk troubles .. Other common problems and solutions . Contents XXxix Mac OS 8.5 and the Network Browser 1186 Chapter 36: Troubleshooting . Principles of Troubleshooting Aword about troubleshooting .. More troubleshooting .. The Secrets Rule of Three ..... Step 1: Start up with the Shift key Step 2: A clean reinstall of the System .. Step 3: Unplug the SCSI chain Other things to try .. Avoiding Troubles in the First Place The Mac Secrets Error-Message Table .. DS Errors .. Negative Error Codes Details on the most common error messages Oddities on the Screen ...... Generic icons ...... Shimmering monitor .. Black @ menu .... Finder changes don't stick ...... No Mac icon on the System Folder . Startup Troubles The Sad Mac icon .. Especially long startup times The blinking question-mark icon at startup Crashing on startup ... Twilight Zone theme, car crash, or four notes Disk Troubles .... Hard disk troubleshooting . All floppy disks show up locked .. File, Desktop, and Icon Troubles Can’t empty the Trash .. Keyboard Ailments Dead key ..... Crazy slow typing When All Else Fails .. seeeeeneeeL 187 1187 1188 1188 1188 1189 1189 1193 1193 1199 1199 1200 1203 1204 1207 1208 1208 1209 1209 1209 1209 1209 1211 1211 pi2i2 Appendix: The Secrets Software .......cssssssesssseseeeees What You've Got Here .. Disclaimer ..... How the CD-ROM Is Organized The Secrets Software Described .. Action Files 1.1P .. Anagrams Apeiron AppDisk . Apple Spec Database AppleScript Uti AppSizer . Macworld Mac Secrets, 5" Edition Avara .. BeHierarchic 1222 Big Picture .. 1223 Biorhythms 1223 Brian's Sound Tool .. Cache-22 CanOpener 1224 Chiral ..... , 1224 Clean Install Assistant 1224 Clip Jokes 1225 Clockometer ..... Color It! Conflict Catcher 8 Demo Control Strip modules CGOIVIEWS «cs DemoGod .... DeskPicture .. Desktop Patterns (Wraptures) Desktop Picture Gallery Disinfectant DiskTracker DragAnyWindow DragClick DropStuff : 2 Dvorak Keyboard Layouts eDOC Escape Velocity Extensis PhotoBevel EZNote .... FileTyper ..... Finder View Settings .. FinderPop .. FlashtIt Font-O-Rama! Fraction Fonts EeePEP ...... GoMac ..... Googol Eyes ..... GraphicConverter GURU Harry . Hi-Res Map Holiday Lights HTML Vocabulary ... Icon, Sound, Clip Art Samplers Internet Explorer Kaleidoscope Label Secrets Pro . Mac Libs .... Mac Secrets Ultimate Bookmark List Mac Secrets, Electronic Edition ....... Contents Mac Start-up Sound Collection MacLinkPlus .. MacsBug .... Maelstrom MIDI files for Chapter 23 . Mouse Jolt Movie2Snd Navigator Button editor Netscape Navigator ..... Olduvai Font Sampler OneClick .... OT/PPP Strip Outlook Express . Pogue's Song Spoofs PopChar Pro .. PowerPC Check Program Switcher QuickPop ... QuickTime 3 .. QuickTime VR Movies ..... Quiet Start RAMometer ResEdit Templates . Scraplt Pro SCsiProbe .. ShareDraw ShrinkWrap. ............ SimpleText Color M Slot Info .. SmartKeys . Snapz Pro SndSampler Square One Lite Startup Doubler Stuffit Expander Swoop TechTool Tex-Edit Plus Typelt4Me .. Ultra Recorder . Unmountlt . WormScanner X-Words Deluxe You Don't Know Jack Lite .. Zipit . ZTerm lenu WHGGK cc seyecessnnsnnessccecserasuncensaevanscdusvevesesansererscersnrennsenne LO xli Part | System Software Revealed Chapter I: Your First Software: The Finder Chapter 2: Finder Command Secrets Chapter 3; Desk-Accessory World Chapter 4: Control Panels and Extensions Chapter 5: Enablers, Installers, and Apple Extras Chapter 6: The System Software Museum Chapter 1 Your First Software: The Finder La —a In This Chapter » Icons: Moving, renaming, and making them invisible ® Window and list-view shortcuts, and undocumented features b> Mac OS 8 specialty features: Pop-up windows and spring-loaded folders » The Desktop File: What it is, how to see it, and how to slim it down } Aliases: What they are and how to use them ® Mastering the Trash Details on Macintosh drag-and-drop Finder: The Unknown Program Do you remember the first program you ever ran on the Macintosh? We do. It was the Finder. The Finder is the program that displays your familiar startup world: the Trash can, icons, folders, and the Desktop. Most people don’t immediately think of the Finder as a program. After all, you don’t double-click an icon to launch it, as you would with, say, Photoshop. And there’s no Quit command in the Finder, as in other programs. The Finder is just always there, waiting as your home base, whenever you exit your other programs. Nonetheless, the Finder is a program. Yes, it runs automatically when you turn on the Mac, but you can quit the Finder — and launch it again. It even shows up in the Application menu, along with any other programs you're running (see Figure 1-1). Hide Finder Hide Others Show Alt Hide Finder: Hide Others &MoviePlayer @Simpletext W Microsoft Word Figure 1-1: The Finder on the Application menu (at the right side of the menu bar), in Mac OS 8 (left) and Mac OS 8.5 (right). ' The Finder is pure utility software: You don’t actually do work there (in the sense of earning a living). Its functions all relate to managing your stuff: organizing, renaming, discarding, copying, and opening your documents, disks, and programs. A Few Words about Icons Before the Finder can perform any of its tasks, you must indicate which files you want to move (or rename, or discard, or whatever) by selecting their icons. Selecting something by highlighting its icon is the cornerstone of the entire Macintosh way of life. It’s the Macintosh interface. Interface? What interface? Ever wonder what the three dots (the ellipsis . . . ) information from the user before the mean when you see them in a menu item? operation executes. The ellipsis character doesn't simply mean that a dialog box or window will appear. For example, in the Finder File menu, the Get Info command doesn't have an ellipsis character and shouldn't. When you select a Finder object and choose Get Info, a window appears displaying information about the object. The window appearing simply completes the command.” Oh, yeah? Then how come the About this Computer command (or, on older Macs, About This Macintosh) in the — menu has an ellipsis? All it does is bring up an info window, too! Ah, well, Maybe they licensed that command from Microsoft. Find File... Summary Info... Quit 0 Here's what Apple's own interface bible, Macintosh Human Interface Guidelines (Addison-Wesley, 1992), has to say: “The ellipsis character (. . .) after a menu item means that the command needs more Chapter 1: Your First Software: The Finder Selecting icons In the days before System 7, there was only one way to highlight an icon: by using the mouse. Today, you have a wealth of efficient keyboard shortcuts for selecting specific items. (When we say “System 7” or “7.x” in this book, by the way, we mean “7-point-anything.” When we say “System 7.5,” we mean “System 7.5-point-anything-or-7.6-point-anything.” “Mac OS 8” generally means “8.0 or 8.1,” and so on.) (eas Here’s an example of a typical maneuver that demonstrates the power of ignoring your mouse. Suppose that yesterday you were working on a document called Valentine’s Party Invite, but you don’t remember the folder in which you put it. You press 88-F (the shortcut for choosing Find from the File menu). The Find dialog box appears. You type valen and press the Return key. In a moment, you’re shown a list of every file on your hard drive whose name contains those letters. By pressing the up-arrow or down-arrow keys, you highlight the precise file for which you were looking. When your file is selected, you press 8-0 to open the file for editing. During this entire process, you never had to move your hands from the keyboard to use the mouse. Similarly, in a messy folder full of icons, you can highlight a specific file icon without even being able to spot it —just type the first few letters of the file’s name. That’s especially handy when you want, for example, to add or remove Fonts from your system. With the System Folder open, just type FO to highlight the Fonts folder and then press 88-O to open it. You've navigated through the clutter and confusion of the System Folder with just a few keystrokes. Figure 1-2 shows some other keys you can press to select icons within a single window. items, 1.468 available Shift-Tab \ ~<—_@—> wie MEN Tab y= V(orz) Mileage Backup Vacation 7 AZ Figure 1-2: The arrow keys highlight adjacent icons. The Tab key finds the next icon in alphabetical order. You can press Shift-Tab to highlight the previous icon in the alphabet. If you type a letter, you'll jump to the icon whose name begins with that letter (or the next letter alphabetically). Part I System Software Revealed To select a group of icons, press Shift and click each one in succession. To exclude a highlighted icon from a group, Shift-click it again. Of course, you can also select groups of icons by drag-enclosing them (see Figure 1-3). You can even select more than one icon in a window without using the mouse (read about Easy Access in Chapter 3). After you've drag-selected icons as shown in Figure 1-3, by the way, don’t forget that you can select additional groups of icons (or deselect some of the ones you already highlighted) within the same window by Shift-dragging or Shift-clicking them. And for more far-flung selections, use the Find command (see Chapter 3). [ia 22 items, 1.468 available i. Profiler ace Aurtenroted Take f yo a a Ine Figure 1-3: As you drag in a diagonal line, any icon even touched by the dotted-line selection rectangle gets selected. (This procedure works in list views, too.) as After icons are selected, you can move all of them as a unit by dragging any Speed Tip one of them. So who cares about avoiding the mouse? Efficiency fans, primarily. Every time you have to stop your work at the keyboard while one hand reaches for the mouse, you stop your flow of thinking (and typing). As you become more familiar with your Mac, you'll use the mouse less and get your work done more quickly. But you can do much more with icons than just select them, as our first batch of Macintosh secrets clearly explains. Icon Secrets a Make icons jump neatly into position . . . or not @& Mac OS 8 has a View View Options command. (In case you missed this in our 8) Introduction to this book, that shorthand notation means “From the View menu, choose View Options.”) That command is the successor to the Views control panel in Systems 7 through 7.6. pen tn Erne fll Chapter Your First Software: The Finder Anyway, as described in more detail in Chapter 2, this command (or control panel) enables you to specify that all your Finder icons should fall into points on a neat, invisible grid (see Figure 1-4). Here’s the tip: If you press the 38 key while you drag an icon, you can set the icon down anywhere, even if it’s not in a grid-defined position. (Technically, the Mac only cares whether or not the 88 key is being pressed when you release the mouse. You don’t really have to press the key all the time you're dragging.) _ = Gl Apple Menu Items 22 items, 1.468 available ee MLD HO aiis8 Aprrvle System Prosiler [a] Op At Aver EPO Isconnect Remote Access SB Aeo aD Ati Ployer hind Cp etooste raves @qSrophing Calculator Figure 1-4: Even in a Small Icon view like this, the Finder aligns the icons in a grid — or not. It's up to you. If the grid option isn’t turned on, the 8 key has the opposite effect. It makes the icon you dragged jump into grid position. If, like most people, you don't have the Finder grid permanently turned on, keep the 36 key in mind when you want to put a couple of icons exactly side-by-side. When you set each icon down while the 8 key is pressed, they'll jump into perfect horizontal alignment. Change windows but keep your icons highlighted You probably think that when you select a bunch of icons, any click in another window deselects them all. Even clicking in a window's title bar deselects all highlighted icons. Does that mean that you can never bring another window to the front without losing your selection? No, you can do it—if you're running System 7-point-anything. Click the scroll bar or the info strip (where it says Name, Size, and so on) of the other window. Your icons in the first window stay selected. (Evidently Apple didn’t place a high value on this rarely-used feature; it got scrapped in Mac OS 8.) 7 Part I: System Software Revealed Replace an icon Replacing an icon isn't really much of a secret anymore, but it’s worth repeating in case you missed it. The bottom line: you can create your own icons for any file, folder, or disk. Imagine etching your initials onto a folder, reducing the size of the icons for unimportant files, and making your hard drive icon look like Neil Diamond. Here's how to do it. First, highlight the icon you want to replace. Choose File> Get Info. When the Get Info box appears, click the icon in the upper-left corner (see Figure 1-5). Choose Copy from the Edit menu to copy this original icon to the Clipboard. a O == Backup Info stow (Genera nfrmation 3) Oy _ | | Kind folder “A \ | ‘Size: zero K on disk (O bytes), for O items. ‘Where: Macintosh HD: Figure 1-5: The first steps to replacing an icon: First, select the icon (left); then choose Get Info and click the icon in the dialog box that appears; then copy it. To customize the icon, launch a painting program —-Color It, included on the Mac Secrets CD-ROM, is a great choice. Choose Paste from the Edit menu so that the original icon appears where you can edit it (see Figure 1-6). BSkonpae.. He QR] 700% [aT Tal Figure 1-6: Paste the original icon into a painting program (left side of the window). Doctor it up (right). Copy it again and paste it back into the Get Info window of your file, disk, or folder, Now, using the painting tools, create a replacement icon. Doctor the original, or just use the original as a size guideline and create something completely new. Try not to paint an icon larger than the size of a real icon, which is 32 pixels (screen dots) square. (If you create an image that’s too large, it'll be squished unartistically into a 32-by-32 space when it’s pasted as an icon.) Speed Tip Chapter 1: Your First Software: The Finder When you're finished, copy the new icon. Go back to the original icon’s Get Info box, click the icon, and paste the replacement. ([If it's too big, the Mac shrinks it to fit the square box, sometimes with lousy results.) That’s it! You replaced the original icon. If you're using color and you discover that the color leaks out of your new icon, go back into the painting program. Enclose any light-colored part of the icon with a dark outline. (Or just enclose the entire icon in a solid-outline square.) Repaste this modified icon into the Get Info box. If you're not artistically inclined, instead of doing your own artwork, you could simply copy one of the professionally drawn icons we've included on the Mac Secrets CD-ROM. Copy the icon out of its Get Info box, then paste into the Get Info box of your target file. P.S.—The Mac won't let you change certain icons using the Get Info method: any open document icon; the special ones used for the System, Control Panels, Apple Menu Items, Extensions, and Startup Items folders; and the Trash. You, however, as the sawyy owner of this book, can change these icons, using ResEdit. Check Chapter 21 for details. P.P.S.— Some programs — notably AppleWorks/ClarisWorks — restore a document’s original icon every time you save the document. Rats. Keyboard-only icon replacement If you're going to do a Jot of icon-replacing — and we hope you do—try this little- known secret. Open the Get Info box for the file whose icon you want to change. Instead of actually clicking the existing icon, you can just press Tab. !f you follow this idea to its logical conclusion, you now see how it’s possible to copy an icon onto a different file without ever touching the mouse: select an icon (by typing letters), Get Info on it (88-1), select its icon (by tabbing —twice, if you're in Mac OS 8.5 or later), copy the icon (88-C), close the Get Info window (88-W), select another icon (by typing letters), Get Info, tab, and paste (88-V) the icon into its new location. Electronic Post-it notes Use the method described in the previous tip to replace a folder’s icon with a plain white square you copied from a graphics program. A floating piece of text appears (the file’s name) with no icon attached. You can use this idea for all kinds of interesting effects. For example, you can use it to give a Desktop folder a two-name title (see Figure 1-7, top). Or, handier still, you can duplicate this doctored folder endlessly. Just make sure that you give each copy a new folder name, such as Meet Jennifer at noon today. Then leave these notes strewn about your Desktop as little reminders (see Figure 1-7, bottom)—a quicker, low-tech version of the Stickies program. Part I: System Software Revealed Speed Tip i) Te neonnASK FOR 4 B6156 Belurn docks by dnaertiee Pes Figure 1-7: Using empty folders with invisible icons, you can make pieces of text seem to float on your Desktop. Select icons in a list view Selecting a group of icons in a list view is easy. Drag the cursor in any direction, starting anywhere. Each item in the list turns black as you move the cursor, and you have ’em. Here's the oft-ignored secret: To select an icon in a list view, you don’t have to click on its name or icon. You can click on any component of the listed file info—the date, version number, size, whatever. Likewise, you can drag- select over any portion of the listed information to grab a group of icons (see Figure 1-8). 4/20/98 E ‘Today 128K. oye | 258x — confu pam zr2s/9s | 65K cont cere oo 122198 |_ 129 _spofeston programe Geeatraisteip 473/98 129 eppIRation program (Bote Tie 4/20/90 194K _ aplication prose Figure 1-8: You can drag or select icons by any portion of their “rows” in a list view. Make any file invisible You can make any file—folder, document, or application — completely disappear from your Desktop. (This procedure isn’t the same as making just its icon disappear, which you can do using the secret described earlier.) There's a good reason most people don't hide their icons regularly: It takes speciar tools. Fortunately, we've provided you with the ideal tool: FileTyper, included on the CD-ROM with this book. Drag the file or folder you want to make invisible onto the FileTyper icon. Click Invisible, and then Change. The deed is done. = Speed Tip Chapter 1: Your First Software: The Finder To reverse the procedure, launch FileTyper. Choose File © Get Info. All files and folders, invisible or not, show up in the dialog box. Select and open the one you want to make appear, turn off the Invisible checkbox, and click Change. The nice thing about an invisible document is that you can still open it from within a program. You can open an invisible Word file by using Word's Open command, for example; the invisible document shows up in the Open File list box just fine. To launch or not to launch a program or document icon You can use one of several ways to open a program or document icon that’s staring you in the face in the Finder: Double-click it, select it, and press 8-0, and so on. There's only one way, however, to stop a document or program from opening after you launch it: Press 86-period. Fast. And repeatedly. If you press this keystroke just after launching a document or program, you go right back to the Finder as though you never opened a thing. Renaming icons In System 6— maybe you're too young to remember — renaming file icons was too easy. When a file, folder, or disk was highlighted, anything you typed replaced the icon’s name. All it took was a finger, a stack of papers, or a cable pressing continuously on a key while an icon was highlighted, and you wound up with an icon named QQQQQQQQ. Apple engineers came up, therefore, with a new method of renaming icons under System 7, in which it’s almost impossible to rename a file accidentally. § /f the icon is already selected, press Enter or Return to make the “renaming rectangle” appear around the existing file name. Type the new name. (Figure 1-9 shows an icon before and after the renaming rectangle appears.) i. ff. Figure 1-9: You can only rename a file when its “renaming rectangle” is visible, as shown on the right. You don’t have to delete the old name first; just start typing. @ /f the icon isn’t selected, click the file name itself. After a moment — the moment of inactivity called the rename delay—the rectangle appears, signaling you that it’s okay to type the new name. fal 12 Part I: System Software Revealed MACINTOSH SECRET The Last Easter Egg An Easter egg, of course, is a credits screen hidden in software, buried by the programmers in such a way that only the savvy (or the Mac Secrets reader) knows how to trigger it. Apple has been quietly removing some of the best Easter eggs from its system software (see Chapter 6 for a listing of some of the greats). Why? Because (so the theory goes) the bosses don’t know about (and can’t test) the Easter eggs, Easter eggs are inherently destabilizing. That's a problem for a company that wants to make the most stable operating system in the world. One Easter egg, however, survives in the system software—and we didn't even know about it until this edition, even though we had unwittingly written about it three editions ago! Our original write-up said: You need a native-PowerPC-code, “thread- manager savvy” application (the Thread Manager is an extension that permits a certain degree of true multitasking, such as initializing a disk in the background). Launch it while pressing the B and E keys —and you'll get a rolling list of credits. Years passed. We forgot all about it— even when we réad that as of Mac OS 8, the Finder itself was now thread-manager-savvy! It took free book winner Patrick Thompson to point out that our Easter egg secret of Mac Secrets, 2nd Edition, was now available to anyone with a Power Mac! “I'm not claiming | discovered it,” he modestly wrote us, “I'm just saying | know that native- code, ‘thread-manager savvy’ applications aren't that widespread. The other day, while re-reading this section, | got to thinking, “Hey .. . isn’t the new OS 8 Finder threaded and native? Let’s see .»» “I gave it a shot, holding down the B and E keys while my system booted—and, lo and behold, a tiny box filled with scrolling credits appeared on my screen! Neat little list of credits and jokes, but you have to read fast.” Sometimes we astonish even ourselves. Icon Renaming Secrets Surviving the rename delay First, here’s why the rename delay exists. Everyone knows that you double-click an icon to launch it. But you may not realize that you can even double-click the file’s name to open the icon. And that’s why there’s a pause between your first click and the moment the renaming rectangle appears. The Mac is waiting to make sure that you’re not going to click again. In other words, it makes sure that you really meant to click just once (to edit the file’s name) and not twice (to launch the file). a! Learning begin typing the new name. We suggest that you don’t bother waiting out the rename delay. If you've clicked an icon’s name, you can make the renaming rectangle appear instantly just by moving the mouse —even a little twitch — or by pressing Return. Then you can Chapter 1: Your First Software: The Finder ee Speed Tip The Mac’s wacky alphabet scheme The Mac alphabetizes things a little bit oddly, in that spaces and symbols come before letter A. And 10, believe it or not, comes before 3 (see Figure 1-10). | Dd QQ chapter 2 Dd QA Chapter 1 i D G chepter = D QQ Chapter 12 Dd CY Chapter 4 DCA Chapter 13 1 DQ] chapter 5 D CU chapter 2 i > CY Chapter 6 D CY Chepter's a > O chester 7 ~! > CY Chepter 6 Figure 1-10: The Mac, apparently, can’t count. As you can see at left, it believes that the number 10 comes before 2 (left). Use this secret to solve the problem (right). To make a file appear first in an alphabetical list (in a list-view window, for example), type a space at the front of the name. To make the number 3 come before the number 10, therefore, put a space before the 3. Incidentally, one symbol the Mac absolutely does not let you use when you name an icon is the colon (:). (That's because the Mac treats the colon as a “where is. this file filed?” indicator. Use the Get Info command on a file on your hard drive some day and you'll see what we mean —the file, as far as the Mac is. concerned, is on “Macintosh HD:Backup:Recent Projects:.”) When you're in the Finder, if you type a colon as part of a file name, the Mac substitutes a hyphen (-) without even so much as a by-your-leave. Renaming is just like word processing The Edit menu’s Cut, Copy, and Paste commands (and their keyboard equivalents) work while you’re editing a file name. That's useful when you're naming a bunch of files, for example, in a row “Koyaanisqatsi 1,” “Koyaanisqatsi 2,” “Koyaanisqatsi 3,” and so on. Just copy Koyaanisqatsi to the Clipboard. Then, each time a file’s name is highlighted for renaming, press 98-V to paste the word, and type the rest of the file name (the digit, in this case). Other typical Mac word-processing techniques work, too. You double-click a word to select it (instead of dragging through it), and highlighted text gets instantly replaced by anything you type (so that you don't have to delete the old file name before typing a new one). 14 = a Speed Tip Part |: System Software Revealed If you begin typing a new name and suddenly realize that you're renaming the wrong icon, just press 88-Z, the Finder's Undo command. The icon’s original name reappears. Alternate method: If, while typing in the new name for a file, you change your mind, press Delete until the entire name is gone. Then press Return —the original name reappears. The power-user’s arrow keys Suppose you've just clicked an icon name. The renaming rectangle is ready; the file name is highlighted. Now suppose you just wanted. to add a word to the end of that file's name. Instead of using your mouse and a microscope, painstakingly trying to plant the cursor at the end of the rectangle, just press the right-arrow or down-arrow key. You'll deposit the insertion-point cursor at the very end of the file name. (The Jeft-arrow or up-arrow key pops the cursor at the beginning of the file name.) The down-arrow and up-arrow keys are particularly useful because they make your insertion point leap to the end (or beginning) of the name, even if it’s in the middle of the existing file name—the name doesn’t have to be highlighted. (When the insertion point’s in the middle of the name, on the other hand, the left-arrow and right-arrow keys simply move it one character at a time, forward or backward.) Deactivating the renaming rectangle We've already told you how to activate a selected icon’s renaming rectangle: Press Enter or Return. Now we'll tell you how to deactivate it, so that your icon is still selected, but you're no longer in renaming mode: Press Return or Enter again. And why would you want to do this? To select another icon without using the mouse. (If you tried to select another icon from the keyboard with the renaming rectangle active, you'd just end up renaming the currently selected icon.) We should point out that there is one way to select another icon without first deactivating the renaming rectangle: Press Tab. This key always moves you to the next icon in alphabetical order, even if the current icon’s name is selected for renaming. A really amazing re-alphabetizing secret Over and over again, in this book and others, you'll be told to put spaces in front of your icons’ names if you want them to rise to the top of an alphabetical list. For example, a file called Zebra will come before one called Aardvark, as long as you put a space in front of the Z. You can put that trick to particularly good use in your Apple Menu Items folder, so that you can put your @ menu names in any order. Trouble is, you can see those spaces. Your icons’ names look stranger and stranger the more spaces you put in front of the actual names. Here’s a much better way, a co Chapter 1: Your First Software: The Finder Open the Note Pad. Press Return, thus creating a blank line. Select the blank line and copy it. Now click the name of the icon—the one you'd like to appear first alphabetically — in readiness for renaming it. Press the left-arrow key to move the cursor to the beginning of the file's name. Now paste that invisible Return character you copied. The existing name seems to disappear; just press Enter, and it returns. Incredibly, your renamed file now appears first in any alphabetical file list, but it doesn't look any different! Furthermore, a file with two blank Returns at the beginning of its name comes before one with only one Return; a file with three appears even before that . . . and so on. April Fool’s Day stunt: Use the blank-Return technique to make all the files in your System Folder appear in reverse alphabetical order. Amaze your friends! Caution: This trick befuddies programs that refer to linked files. For example, a Quark or PageMaker document won't print with graphics files whose names you've doctored this way. Renaming files en masse You won't find yourself in this predicament often, but you will find yourself there someday: You've got a folder full of files that you'd like to rename in some consistent way. For example, suppose you've just finished creating all 1,294 Web pages for your breathtaking site —but you discover that Windows people need every file to end in .htm instead of .htm/. Don't tell us you're going to delete the last letter individually 1,294 times! Fortunately, you don't have to. Plenty of shareware programs will do that job for you — and even some commercial programs, such as OneClick (which is included with this book). Using an add-on OneClick palette like File Tools (also included), changing the names of huge scads of files in one stroke is a piece of cake. (See Chapter 22 for instructions on using OneClick.) The longest file name Everyone knows that the longest Mac file name is 31 letters. But what’s the longest file name measured horizontally? \t’s 31 of the infinity symbol, which you produce by pressing Option-5. It looks like this: 00 oc cc ee 0 20 c0 e9 20 ea 20 oo 100 00.00 00 00 60 00 60 00 09 60 00 00 00 co c0 co co c0, That's a very long file name. Keep that in mind the next time you're trying to create special visual effects on your Desktop . . . or making bar bets. 15 16 Part I: System Software Revealed CASE HISTORY The saga of the deadliest file name In previous editions of this book, we pointed out with perverse pleasure the five-letter file name that would trash your hard drive. And that name was: .Sony. We pointed out that the Mac’s operating system believes files beginning with periods to be drivers, those invisible programs that run your disk drives, serial ports, and other jacks. If a file name begins with a period, the Mac can Potentially get confused and treat that file as a device driver instead of a plain old data file. As it turns out, .Sony is the name of the driver that controls your floppy drive! If you gave a file that name, we said, the Mac may try to address it as though it’s a floppy drive—and hard drive corruption would result. Well, chaos poured down on us. The nasty e-mails began. “Your irresponsible journalism,” went one, “has cost our school system thousands of dollars in consultant fees. Because you published the .Sony secret, our junior-high students have named files on every hard drive that way, and our entire System 7 network crashes constantly. Next time, think before you publish.” Another: “I want you to know that your book has caused tragedy and destruction in my neighborhood. Somebody apparently uploaded a file to my BBS named .Sony. And before | had a chance to stop it, 352 people downloaded it. Because of your ill-advised publishing of that fact, hundreds of people in my area are now experiencing system problems. | hope you're Satisfied.” But just as we were starting to feel worried, we got one final message that made it all seem worthwhile. Manny Vera of Sony Corporation had spotted our secret. And according to Sony engineers, we had been 100 percent accurate in our report— except for one little detail. Apple and Sony had patched that particular booby-trap in System 7! In other words, the system problems experienced by those unhappy e-mail writers had nothing to do with the Sony secret. As System 7 users, they were probably having garden-variety extension conflicts. We learned from that episode why this country has more lawyers per capita than any other in the world. —s The Truth about Finder Windows Ah, windows. No aspect of any computer has been the subject of so much attention —and so much litigation. Xerox, the developer of the concept of movable, overlapping panes to display computer information, sued Apple for ripping off the idea. And then Microsoft created Windows, and Apple sued Microsoft. But heck, that'd be like Kleenex suing Puffs. You just can’t keep a great idea down, and now windows have cropped up on every computer from NeXT to the Apple Il. Chapter 4: Your First Software: The Finder 17 Window-manipulation skill is particularly necessary in the Finder, when the mere act of opening your Extensions folder requires you to open three windows (hard drive, System Folder, Extensions). If you're not careful, your screen will clutter up with so many windows you can’t get any work done. Window management is becoming so important, in fact, that Apple has made window-manipulation a key focus of each system-software upgrade since System 6.x. The WindowShade feature first appeared in System 7.5, in which a double-click on a window's title bar “collapses” the window (see Chapter 4); draggable window edges and pop-up window tabs debuted in Mac OS 8; and title-bar icons first showed up in Mac OS 8.5. Anatomy of a window A schematic drawing is worth a thousand words — that’s what our mothers always told us. Here in Figure 1-11, then, is the complete list of doodads and Nec Bais places to click in a standard Macintosh window. Close Info Title Title-bar Window Column Column box strip. bar icon name header divider co (| | |__-——Zoom box == system Folder = ay Collapse box 34 items, 1.4GBaveiloble | | Sort-order button Kind - = folder TS6MB 675/9(4) D GR Apple Menu items folder 66MB 6/5/9fe b Cy Application Support folder zeroK 6/3/3{e) — Vertical scroll box D CG Browser Plug-ins folder 387k 6/5/91 @ Cipboera file 65K Today D LY Colorsyne Profites we DG Contextual renu items 4) — Vertical scroll bar DEQ Contros Paneis ;- Window edge Trees +— Scroll arrow s l ! Resize box 88-drag area —_ Horizontal Horizontal scroll bar scroll box Figure 1-11: The complete list of places to click ina Mac OS 8.5 window. m Close box—Click here (or press 8-W) to close the window. Option-click (or press Option-38-W) to close all Finder windows. § Info strip— Shows how much space is left on your hard drive, the number of items in this window, and so on. 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