# Exceptional Event Handling in ADB Keyboards

## Documentation

Little is documented of the "Exceptional Event" bit (bit 14) in ADB except that it is specified to be set to 1 if not used[^1] and that it is set to 1 if the reset/power key has been pressed on the ADB keyboard and 0 if no exceptional event has occurred[^2].

[^1]: Apple Guide to the Macintosh Family Hardware, Second Edition, page 322
[^2]: Apple IIgs Hardware Reference, page 144

## Observations

On some models of ADB keyboard, the Exceptional Event bit is set to 1 by default and only set to 0 _while the reset/power key is held down_; it does not latch the event, so if a Talk 3 command is not issued while the key is being held, the Macintosh will not see the exceptional event.

| Model Name                 | Model Number | Clears Exceptional Event Bit  |
| -------------------------- | ------------ | ----------------------------- |
| Apple Keyboard             | M0116        | While reset/power key is held |
| Apple Extended Keyboard    | M0115        | While reset/power key is held |
| Apple Extended Keyboard II | M3501        | While reset/power key is held |
| Apple Keyboard II          | M0487        | While reset/power key is held |
| AppleDesign Keyboard       | M2980        | Never                         |

;       Date:           Sat May 02 09:28:49 2020
                                ;
                                ;       CPU:            Intel 8048 (MCS-48 family)
                                ;
                                ;
                                ;
                                        org     00000H
                                ;
0000                            L0000:
0000 : E5               " "             sel     mb0
0001 : 04 0B            "  "            jmp     L000B
                                ;
0003 : E5               " "             sel     mb0
0004 : 00               " "             nop
0005 : 04 00            "  "            jmp     L0000
                                ;
0007 : E5               " "             sel     mb0
0008 : 04 00            "  "            jmp     L0000
000A                            L000A:
000A : 93               " "             retr
                                ;
000B                            L000B:
000B : 8A FF            "  "            orl     p2,#0FFH
000D : 15               " "             dis     i
000E : 35               "5"             dis     tcnti
000F : 65               "e"             stop    tcnt
0010 : A5               " "             clr     f1
0011 : 14 0A            "  "            call    L000A
0013 : 23 0F            "# "            mov     a,#00FH
0015 : 39               "9"             outl    p1,a
0016 : 27               "'"             clr     a
0017 : D7               " "             mov     psw,a
0018 : 62               "b"             mov     t,a
0019 : B8 28            " ("            mov     r0,#028H
001B                            L001B:
001B : A0               " "             mov     @r0,a
001C : E8 1B            "  "            djnz    r0,L001B
001E : D5               " "             sel     rb1
001F : BE 22            " ""            mov     r6,#022H
0021 : BD 02            "  "            mov     r5,#002H
0023                            L0023:
0023 : C5               " "             sel     rb0
0024 : B8 26            " &"            mov     r0,#026H
0026 : B0 2C            " ,"            mov     @r0,#02CH
0028 : 18               " "             inc     r0
0029 : B0 30            " 0"            mov     @r0,#030H
002B : 18               " "             inc     r0
002C : B0 30            " 0"            mov     @r0,#030H
002E : 18               " "             inc     r0
002F : B0 4F            " O"            mov     @r0,#04FH
0031 : 18               " "             inc     r0
0032 : B0 4F            " O"            mov     @r0,#04FH
0034 : 18               " "             inc     r0
0035 : 23 FF            "# "            mov     a,#0FFH
0037 : 90               " "             movx    @r0,a
0038 : B9 55            " U"            mov     r1,#055H
003A                            L003A:
003A : B0 FF            "  "            mov     @r0,#0FFH
003C : 18               " "             inc     r0
003D : E9 3A            " :"            djnz    r1,L003A
003F : BA 11            "  "            mov     r2,#011H
0041 : A5               " "             clr     f1
0042 : B5               " "             cpl     f1
0043 : 89 70            " p"            orl     p1,#070H
0045 : B9 20            "  "            mov     r1,#020H
0047                            L0047:
0047 : E9 47            " G"            djnz    r1,L0047
0049 : 99 8F            "  "            anl     p1,#08FH
004B                            L004B:
004B : 25               "%"             en      tcnti
004C : 45               "E"             strt    cnt
004D : C5               " "             sel     rb0
004E : 1F               " "             inc     r7
004F : 56 58            "VX"            jt1     L0058
0051 : 76 59            "vY"            jf1     L0059
0053 : 42               "B"             mov     a,t
0054 : 96 5A            " Z"            jnz     L005A
0056 : 84 13            "  "            jmp     L0413
                                ;
0058                            L0058:
0058 : A5               " "             clr     f1
0059                            L0059:
0059 : B5               " "             cpl     f1
005A                            L005A:
005A : 27               "'"             clr     a
005B : 62               "b"             mov     t,a
005C : CA               " "             dec     r2
005D : FA               " "             mov     a,r2
005E : D3 FF            "  "            xrl     a,#0FFH
0060 : 96 66            " f"            jnz     L0066
0062 : BA 11            "  "            mov     r2,#011H
0064 : 44 54            "DT"            jmp     L0254
                                ;
0066                            L0066:
0066 : FA               " "             mov     a,r2
0067 : D3 10            "  "            xrl     a,#010H
0069 : C6 6D            " m"            jz      L006D
006B : 24 00            "$ "            jmp     L0100
                                ;
006D                            L006D:
006D : D5               " "             sel     rb1
006E : 26 75            "&u"            jnt0    L0075
0070 : FF               " "             mov     a,r7
0071 : 72 8C            "r "            jb3     L008C
0073 : 04 A1            "  "            jmp     L00A1
                                ;
0075                            L0075:
0075 : FF               " "             mov     a,r7
0076 : 72 A1            "r "            jb3     L00A1
0078 : 36 A1            "6 "            jt0     L00A1
007A : 43 08            "C "            orl     a,#008H
007C : AF               " "             mov     r7,a
007D : FD               " "             mov     a,r5
007E : 12 88            "  "            jb0     L0088
0080 : 0A               " "             in      a,p2
0081 : 37               "7"             cpl     a
0082 : 32 A1            "2 "            jb1     L00A1
0084 : 23 3A            "#:"            mov     a,#03AH
0086 : 04 9E            "  "            jmp     L009E
                                ;
0088                            L0088:
0088 : 23 7C            "#|"            mov     a,#07CH
008A : 04 9E            "  "            jmp     L009E
                                ;
008C                            L008C:
008C : 26 A1            "& "            jnt0    L00A1
008E : 53 F7            "S "            anl     a,#0F7H
0090 : AF               " "             mov     r7,a
0091 : FD               " "             mov     a,r5
0092 : 12 9C            "  "            jb0     L009C
0094 : 0A               " "             in      a,p2
0095 : 37               "7"             cpl     a
0096 : 32 A1            "2 "            jb1     L00A1
0098 : 23 BA            "# "            mov     a,#0BAH
009A : 04 9E            "  "            jmp     L009E
                                ;
009C                            L009C:
009C : 23 FC            "# "            mov     a,#0FCH
009E                            L009E:
009E : A8               " "             mov     r0,a
009F : F4 73            " s"            call    L0773
00A1                            L00A1:
00A1 : C5               " "             sel     rb0
00A2 : B9 08            "  "            mov     r1,#008H
00A4 : 0A               " "             in      a,p2
00A5 : AC               " "             mov     r4,a
00A6                            L00A6:
00A6 : 0A               " "             in      a,p2
00A7 : DC               " "             xrl     a,r4
00A8 : 96 A1            "  "            jnz     L00A1
00AA : E9 A6            "  "            djnz    r1,L00A6
00AC : 24 02            "$ "            jmp     L0102
                                ;
00AE                            L00AE:
00AE : 23 FF            "# "            mov     a,#0FFH
00B0 : 90               " "             movx    @r0,a
00B1 : 09               " "             in      a,p1
00B2 : 53 F0            "S "            anl     a,#0F0H
00B4 : 4A               "J"             orl     a,r2
00B5 : 39               "9"             outl    p1,a
00B6                            L00B6:
00B6 : B9 08            "  "            mov     r1,#008H
00B8 : 08               " "             ins     a,bus
00B9 : AC               " "             mov     r4,a
00BA                            L00BA:
00BA : 08               " "             ins     a,bus
00BB : DC               " "             xrl     a,r4
00BC : 96 B6            "  "            jnz     L00B6
00BE : E9 BA            "  "            djnz    r1,L00BA
00C0 : 83               " "             ret
                                ;
00C1 : 00               " "             nop
00C2 : 00               " "             nop
00C3 : 00               " "             nop
00C4 : 00               " "             nop
00C5 : 00               " "             nop
00C6 : 00               " "             nop
00C7 : 00               " "             nop
00C8 : 00               " "             nop
00C9 : 00               " "             nop
00CA : 00               " "             nop
00CB : 00               " "             nop
00CC : 00               " "             nop
00CD : 00               " "             nop
00CE : 00               " "             nop
00CF : 00               " "             nop
00D0 : 00               " "             nop
00D1 : 00               " "             nop
00D2 : 00               " "             nop
00D3 : 00               " "             nop
00D4 : 00               " "             nop
00D5 : 00               " "             nop
00D6 : 00               " "             nop
00D7 : 00               " "             nop
00D8 : 00               " "             nop
00D9 : 00               " "             nop
00DA : 00               " "             nop
00DB : 00               " "             nop
00DC : 00               " "             nop
00DD : 00               " "             nop
00DE : 00               " "             nop
00DF : 00               " "             nop
00E0 : 00               " "             nop
00E1 : 00               " "             nop
00E2 : 00               " "             nop
00E3 : 00               " "             nop
00E4 : 00               " "             nop
00E5 : 00               " "             nop
00E6 : 00               " "             nop
00E7 : 00               " "             nop
00E8 : 00               " "             nop
00E9 : 00               " "             nop
00EA : 00               " "             nop
00EB : 00               " "             nop
00EC : 00               " "             nop
00ED : 00               " "             nop
00EE : 00               " "             nop
00EF : 00               " "             nop
00F0 : 00               " "             nop
00F1 : 00               " "             nop
00F2 : 00               " "             nop
00F3 : 00               " "             nop
00F4 : 00               " "             nop
00F5 : 00               " "             nop
00F6 : 00               " "             nop
00F7 : 00               " "             nop
00F8 : 00               " "             nop
00F9 : 00               " "             nop
00FA : 00               " "             nop
00FB : 00               " "             nop
00FC : 04 00            "  "            jmp     L0000
00FE : 04 00            "  "            jmp     L0000
                                ;
0100                            L0100:
0100 : 14 AE            "  "            call    L00AE
0102                            L0102:
0102 : FA               " "             mov     a,r2
0103 : 03 6F            " o"            add     a,#06FH
0105 : A8               " "             mov     r0,a
0106 : FC               " "             mov     a,r4
0107 : 20               " "             xch     a,@r0
0108 : AD               " "             mov     r5,a
0109 : DC               " "             xrl     a,r4
010A : C6 22            " ""            jz      L0122
010C : 5D               "]"             anl     a,r5
010D : C6 19            "  "            jz      L0119
010F : 85               " "             clr     f0
0110                            L0110:
0110 : BB 08            "  "            mov     r3,#008H
0112                            L0112:
0112 : E7               " "             rl      a
0113 : 12 25            " %"            jb0     L0125
0115                            L0115:
0115 : EB 12            "  "            djnz    r3,L0112
0117 : B6 22            " ""            jf0     L0122
0119                            L0119:
0119 : FD               " "             mov     a,r5
011A : DC               " "             xrl     a,r4
011B : 5C               "\"             anl     a,r4
011C : C6 22            " ""            jz      L0122
011E : 85               " "             clr     f0
011F : 95               " "             cpl     f0
0120 : 24 10            "$ "            jmp     L0110
0122                            L0122:
0122 : 04 4B            " K"            jmp     L004B
                                ;
0124 : 00               " "             nop
0125                            L0125:
0125 : AE               " "             mov     r6,a
0126 : B6 85            "  "            jf0     L0185
0128 : B9 29            " )"            mov     r1,#029H
012A : F1               " "             mov     a,@r1
012B : D3 6F            " o"            xrl     a,#06FH
012D : C6 80            "  "            jz      L0180
012F : FA               " "             mov     a,r2
0130 : D3 10            "  "            xrl     a,#010H
0132 : 96 6F            " o"            jnz     L016F
0134 : D5               " "             sel     rb1
0135 : FD               " "             mov     a,r5
0136 : C5               " "             sel     rb0
0137 : 12 62            " b"            jb0     L0162
0139 : FB               " "             mov     a,r3
013A : 07               " "             dec     a
013B : 43 70            "Cp"            orl     a,#070H
013D : E3               " "             movp3   a,@a
013E : A8               " "             mov     r0,a
013F : D3 3A            " :"            xrl     a,#03AH
0141 : 96 48            " H"            jnz     L0148
0143 : 26 82            "& "            jnt0    L0182
0145                            L0145:
0145 : F8               " "             mov     a,r0
0146 : 24 6B            "$k"            jmp     L016B
                                ;
0148                            L0148:
0148 : F8               " "             mov     a,r0
0149 : D3 38            " 8"            xrl     a,#038H
014B : 96 56            " V"            jnz     L0156
014D : B9 7F            "  "            mov     r1,#07FH
014F : F1               " "             mov     a,@r1
0150 : D2 45            " E"            jb6     L0145
0152 : 52 45            "RE"            jb2     L0145
0154 : 24 82            "$ "            jmp     L0182
                                ;
0156                            L0156:
0156 : F8               " "             mov     a,r0
0157 : D3 36            " 6"            xrl     a,#036H
0159 : 96 45            " E"            jnz     L0145
015B : 0A               " "             in      a,p2
015C : F2 45            " E"            jb7     L0145
015E : 72 45            "rE"            jb3     L0145
0160 : 24 82            "$ "            jmp     L0182
                                ;
0162                            L0162:
0162 : FB               " "             mov     a,r3
0163 : 07               " "             dec     a
0164 : 43 78            "Cx"            orl     a,#078H
0166 : E3               " "             movp3   a,@a
0167 : 17               " "             inc     a
0168 : C6 82            "  "            jz      L0182
016A : 07               " "             dec     a
016B                            L016B:
016B : F4 73            " s"            call    L0773
016D : 24 82            "$ "            jmp     L0182
                                ;
016F                            L016F:
016F : B9 27            " '"            mov     r1,#027H
0171 : F1               " "             mov     a,@r1
0172                            L0172:
0172 : A8               " "             mov     r0,a
0173 : D3 4F            " O"            xrl     a,#04FH
0175 : C6 80            "  "            jz      L0180
0177 : FA               " "             mov     a,r2
0178 : 47               "G"             swap    a
0179 : 53 F0            "S "            anl     a,#0F0H
017B : 4B               "K"             orl     a,r3
017C : A0               " "             mov     @r0,a
017D : 11               " "             inc     @r1
017E : 24 82            "$ "            jmp     L0182
                                ;
0180                            L0180:
0180 : F4 49            " I"            call    L0749
0182                            L0182:
0182 : FE               " "             mov     a,r6
0183 : 24 15            "$ "            jmp     L0115
                                ;
0185                            L0185:
0185 : B9 29            " )"            mov     r1,#029H
0187 : F1               " "             mov     a,@r1
0188 : D3 6F            " o"            xrl     a,#06FH
018A : 96 9D            "  "            jnz     L019D
018C                            L018C:
018C : FA               " "             mov     a,r2
018D : 03 6F            " o"            add     a,#06FH
018F : A8               " "             mov     r0,a
0190 : FB               " "             mov     a,r3
0191 : A9               " "             mov     r1,a
0192 : 27               "'"             clr     a
0193 : 97               " "             clr     c
0194 : A7               " "             cpl     c
0195                            L0195:
0195 : F7               " "             rlc     a
0196 : E9 95            "  "            djnz    r1,L0195
0198 : 37               "7"             cpl     a
0199 : 50               "P"             anl     a,@r0
019A : A0               " "             mov     @r0,a
019B : 24 82            "$ "            jmp     L0182
                                ;
019D                            L019D:
019D : FA               " "             mov     a,r2
019E : D3 10            "  "            xrl     a,#010H
01A0 : 96 A5            "  "            jnz     L01A5
01A2 : 44 00            "D "            jmp     L0200
                                ;
01A4 : 00               " "             nop
01A5                            L01A5:
01A5 : B8 30            " 0"            mov     r0,#030H
01A7                            L01A7:
01A7 : FA               " "             mov     a,r2
01A8 : 47               "G"             swap    a
01A9 : 53 F0            "S "            anl     a,#0F0H
01AB : 4B               "K"             orl     a,r3
01AC : D0               " "             xrl     a,@r0
01AD : C6 B6            "  "            jz      L01B6
01AF : 18               " "             inc     r0
01B0 : B9 27            " '"            mov     r1,#027H
01B2 : F1               " "             mov     a,@r1
01B3 : D8               " "             xrl     a,r0
01B4 : 96 A7            "  "            jnz     L01A7
01B6                            L01B6:
01B6 : F4 59            " Y"            call    L0759
01B8 : B9 28            " ("            mov     r1,#028H
01BA : F1               " "             mov     a,@r1
01BB : A8               " "             mov     r0,a
01BC : D3 30            " 0"            xrl     a,#030H
01BE : C6 C3            "  "            jz      L01C3
01C0 : F8               " "             mov     a,r0
01C1 : 07               " "             dec     a
01C2 : A1               " "             mov     @r1,a
01C3                            L01C3:
01C3 : B8 25            " %"            mov     r0,#025H
01C5 : F0               " "             mov     a,@r0
01C6 : 37               "7"             cpl     a
01C7 : 12 D8            "  "            jb0     L01D8
01C9 : FA               " "             mov     a,r2
01CA : 47               "G"             swap    a
01CB : 4B               "K"             orl     a,r3
01CC …

Showing first 20,000 characters of 93,288 total. Open the full document →

# JLCooper Media Control Station

This document contains experimentally-observed behavior of the JLCooper Media Control Station. It contains enough information to program the device, however, some unknowns exist.

The device's default address is 0x7 and its default handler ID is 0x41, though much of the effect of using its controls is given as responses to Talk 0 commands on addresses 0x2 and 0x3, which are assumed to represent the keyboard and mouse, respectively.

## Selecting Banks

This is done with Listen 2 with the following payloads:

| Payload   | Bank Selected  |
| --------- | -------------- |
| 0x80 0x00 | Default bank 0 |
| 0xA0 0x00 | Default bank 1 |
| 0xC0 0x00 | Custom bank 0  |
| 0xE0 0x00 | Custom bank 1  |

Custom banks are stored in non-volatile memory.  Custom Bank 0 is selected on startup regardless of the last selected bank.

### Default Bank 0

Default Bank 0 contains idiosyncratic codes, most of which are read through Talk 0 commands on the MCS's own address.

### Default Bank 1

Default Bank 1 assigns the jog wheel to horizontal mouse movement and assigns the buttons as such:

| Button   | No Modifier | Shift    | Option    | Both            |
| -------- | ----------- | -------- | --------- | --------------- |
| (<<)     | F1          | Shift+F1 | Option+F1 | Shift+Option+F1 |
| (>>)     | F2          | Shift+F2 | Option+F2 | Shift+Option+F2 |
| (Stop)   | F3          | Shift+F3 | Option+F3 | Shift+Option+F3 |
| (Play)   | F4          | Shift+F4 | Option+F4 | Shift+Option+F4 |
| (Record) | F5          | Shift+F5 | Option+F5 | Shift+Option+F5 |

## Custom Banks

### Reading

When a custom bank is selected, 12 successive Talk 2 commands will read out the contents of the custom bank, four bytes at a time.

### Writing

Writing a custom bank is done with Listen 2 commands of five bytes each.  The first byte controls where the next four are to be written:

| Bit | Description                         |
| --- | ----------------------------------- |
| 7   | Always 0                            |
| 6   | Number of custom bank to be written |
| 5:0 | Offset within bank (multiple of 4)  |

### Memory Layout

| Offset | +0                           | +1                           | +2                           | +3                           |
| ------ | ---------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
| 0x00   | (<<) Modifier                | (<<) Key Code                | (>>) Modifier                | (>>) Key Code                |
| 0x04   | (Stop) Modifier              | (Stop) Key Code              | (Play) Modifier              | (Play) Key Code              |
| 0x08   | (Record) Modifier            | (Record) Key Code            | Shift+(<<) Modifier          | Shift+(<<) Key Code          |
| 0x0C   | Shift+(>>) Modifier          | Shift+(>>) Key Code          | Shift+(Stop) Modifier        | Shift+(Stop) Key Code        |
| 0x10   | Shift+(Play) Modifier        | Shift+(Play) Key Code        | Shift+(Record) Modifier      | Shift+(Record) Key Code      |
| 0x14   | Option+(<<) Modifier         | Option+(<<) Key Code         | Option+(>>) Modifier         | Option+(>>) Key Code         |
| 0x18   | Option+(Stop) Modifier       | Option+(Stop) Key Code       | Option+(Play) Modifier       | Option+(Play) Key Code       |
| 0x1C   | Option+(Record) Modifier     | Option+(Record) Key Code     | Shift+Option+(<<) Modifier   | Shift+Option+(<<) Key Code   |
| 0x20   | Shift+Option+(>>) Modifier   | Shift+Option+(>>) Key Code   | Shift+Option+(Stop) Modifier | Shift+Option+(Stop) Key Code |
| 0x24   | Shift+Option+(Play) Modifier | Shift+Option+(Play) Key Code | Ignored                      | Ignored                      |
| 0x28   | Always 0x00                  | Jog Wheel Mode               | Always 0x00                  | Shift+Jog Wheel Mode         |
| 0x2C   | Always 0x00                  | Option+Jog Wheel Mode        | Always 0x00                  | Option+Shift+Jog Wheel Mode  |

### Modifier Key Bitmap

| Bit | Description  |
| --- | ------------ |
| 7:6 | Undetermined |
| 5   | Mouse button |
| 4   | Control      |
| 3   | Option       |
| 2   | Undetermined |
| 1   | Shift        |
| 0   | Command      |

### Jog Wheel Modes

| Mode | Description                                                                                                |
| ---- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 0x00 | Jog wheel moves mouse horizontally                                                                         |
| 0x01 | Jog wheel moves mouse vertically                                                                           |
| 0x02 | Jog wheel presses 4 on numeric keypad when turned anticlockwise, + on numeric keypad when turned clockwise |
| 0x03 | Jog wheel moves mouse horizontally while holding down command key                                          |
| 0x05 | Talk 0 produces 0x3F 0xFF 0xFF when turned anticlockwise, 0x3F 0x00 0x01 when turned clockwise             |
| 0x06 | Talk 0 produces 0x3F plus 16-bit relative numbers (negative for anticlockwise, positive for clockwise)     |
| 0x07 | Jog wheel in apparent shuttle mode, behavior not understood                                                |
| 0x08 | Jog wheel presses left arrow when turned anticlockwise, right arrow when turned clockwise                  |