4 3 4 | ‘ Inav|zone] ecoe REVISION are] arp) NOTE: untess OTHERWISE SPECIFIED Ji A|—|p083| INITIAL RELEASE y2| PB 1 RESISTOR VALUES ARE IN OHMS IVUW *5% U-18 PHS], PHI Ter) B | 3C 18096] SH2- DELETED eaters 2 ALL CAPACITORS ARE IN MICROFARADS. PH2 PHS Ic R42 1K WAS R42 3.3K, “ Met ASE IST. 718 AD ang DELETED OF INGIUB, [ie len WhO C-C_) 2B +12 WAS +5V Canib BOA Bey 3c SH3-DELETED RPI-9 DEVICE WANE PIN GND +12v OTHER J _{3C Stet = =ieO/ ONIWASEESY, 74 7 C baalene] sHTi- PRom,STATE S00 [ure | I | 7. MACHINE WAS PROM,PEA; 74isou [usaizo3F[ 14 | 7 8T97 WAS 15367; EPROM : DISK BOOT WAS 2732. +80 7ursga| vied |W | 7. 28 SHT 3-SWITCHED ATXCB 7atss2z|_uz0 | | 7 30) WITH TAXCE. SHTU— [ice | Ie] ISUBIZ 118 9 74.538 UND, SE | 14 | 7 2p Brsea-3iUuB subOIr2 r 7 ; iO] | WAS UNB- POA; U2F-8T97 wet | 74Lse6] USA | 14 | 7 WAS U2F-LS367 2 3.3K | H Tesige juse ce it Dlaclene| sut3- Aoden ces. fom |r - H H vursiz2{ uea [tu | 7 Sor Hi = " eeegeees : are aT oe Ed E |2e/prei| sH2- 33 was! fe ae a 7uisiss| use |ie | 8 F |ze}aan| sH2-c33%" was To +5v bus [eo enw B06 oor SS 74LSIS7 |UZC,3C,4C] 16 | 8 H | 2c |B234 pee tes WAS TO My \O2N oa _ BD8 4ug|_go9 7uLsisi | u7a [te | 8 SH2-C33 WAS; 6BuF. BoIg B01! 74usi7s{ use | is | 8 ADDED U7F PIN 10 t11. w23u ? B12] 80s 7 iszuu| uur | 20 | 0 r 8, —o1y| [e015 LAST UsED|NOT USED RPY | } Dae eae STeATD) TYLSZ2U5|U3DNO,6F| 26 | 10 Dl be Kf | Gace —A3 | SOL AY Gacsat a) 74Ls259|U2E,3€_| 16 aj an | aw To Gis. sa —AS 5! Ae S-UCU-UB 7ucszag|usF,7E | 14 sf at S8 Carus), 74is323| use | 20| R|_ry7 [r29,30,33 7M ee 7aisss3| ue | | 7 cl css 66] VPA C236) 26Ls3@ | uige | 1 | 5 -Sv,8 el new | ——— Enero 33 _-CHtK - = sey READ Cae C5GA) 26is32 | une jis | 8 GRNO,Y ww] sw | ——— Gace) ried 7uci74 | u98 8 15825 a ee ec DGND osu uone | ume z BATY,I4 Y ¥3 |-— 3 70} DOS -CeEC) 444C-3 | UIB,2B 9 +586 =2e C3aC) i; sec) 008 17! Uoireou So -004. PSTRE SS) COPSH2t{| ugF ' +58.9 Das Fee) - sy SS uuB 20) 10 +5V -l2v +12V 32C mon 4 S8C fEectt je ‘oDI 80 CHO HS) TLg74 | _UIGA 4 [aay 3 t cursesu t 53 f ces,corcus 3-2C ae 4i93_ | viva 4 BATV.S 9) 0.1 0.1 | SPKA SSO) 1489 vue [ia] 7 (5-28 _) x80 7417 u7F 7 582,14 90] MS 737) ato7 U2F te | 8 a nine) 7 sseu | usa [4 [2 (a) Tay Sea 6522 |usc,7c | 20] 1 om Prext =e 8530 usc | 9 | 31 = fl +5V -5V +58 1a] OCOl i488 UigF 7 [8 bev 8 191 1 t 162,04, C7.08, C15 18, t t ! petSIC tC) 9512 us [2] 1 te P C24, C€25,C29 -32 4,035, c39 x q 3-10_) a €38,c4g ~4u,C4B,CU9,C3}, on alia Txt ~ DISK 3 SEITE = o1 a PULL UPS | RPIRP2 | 16 US]. N@RXOt PuLL UPS} APH | 8 (© | METRIC ne. m0 [rx0- =e Ce) SEE ppl computar DGND 5 NOTICE OF PROPRIETARY PROPERTY A +5V mer ngs ee RT Ew ort exe SSSR rane SCHEMATIC ae Ts os SYSTEM 1/0 64! POS. LISA PEAKE NONE |» |050-4o08-H | 5) 4 3 if 1 ‘ | 3 1 R37 1M R36 IK Pepe [toe | REVISION [+r) : Gzeaacs2p "58 , ° t T Tt NOTE: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED if Yuue SEE SHI Te iv RPI ie C36 19-5OpF pg-p7 u7c-6522 4 KBD GE ex BS SC(USE-LS38 Ci-88)) 4g is fveccna Cialis l— t—‘“‘i‘—s™s™s™sCCCCCCSC SY BW FB SB Ze GET 1 …

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° ( ss row] sor Terson eo NOTE: uwusss orwenwse srecineD Yeu hve. _-220 1 [—|eces|iniriat RELEASE = v B [4C |6096| PIN 3 waS PIN 2, ADDED PING, | RESISTOR VALUES ARE IN OHMS, vec u fboed seco on! I viDeo pes | 2, ALLCAPACITORS AREIN — * Bu K € [a0.ja176[ci4 was 476F, C2 was 220 MICROFARADS « GROUND=— cay BAN H BRN Bal (Sov, R3324S WERE 1.2 OMM, LD 3. ALL COMPONENTS SHOWN OFF a t pe BN, ; EE THE BOARD ARE FOR REF RIO 4 OTZ30H'T cai fe Lu > po |ezoscric2 was cov 5% [as leeelB ot Ce 18V & cazsolRz4 was ison,criz was] [el G]POLARITY DOT ON LINEARITY TAL |RSS ADDED CAP TORS] [%8| 5 C F |2a |b354C25 VALUE WAS 0.03 PC BOARD GROUND CONNECTED TO CHASSIS GROUND BY MOUNTING 5¢4am aay JogLETED Cone L3,UifL2 SCREWS. VALUE ¢ CRT EXTERNAL CONDUCTIVE COATING AND ARC—GAP SOCKET ARE GROUNDED TO CHASSIS FRAME. H Bc [pyoqroan7oN was TpAUTO:| |e] uc} DELETED NOTE 7. 3A) [ALSO DELETED HORIZONTAL | Bite |— SHUT DOWN CIRCUIT. 3a] _ [ADDED Ris AND RSS. FRAHEVERTCAE EE, CONTRAST Tm mF VERT SYNC <j RIB a) u2 A = TDA li70N + CAS = og Sf INOS xl DZS = x LF cy Lx ey Lx w look A < Ee 22 1N4936 . 7 iz VERT Mew [ae o o 10 _ 3 2m Mee ae Ral A236 P00 8 220K 470K ]250v B32 Sek FLYBACK = TRANSFORMER bal val! ASSEMBLY 0002 [HiGHEST REF DESIGNATION USED] R47 C33, CRI2,L5, P3,R54, TI, U3,08 F 360K M av 25 27 ike 0.027 |c24 0.01 te fry eoov ASD Kv is | T (pp ic computer inc. f = ROOT |p SCHEMATIC, VIDEO_BOARD LISA HORIZ one fx] YELLOW YOKE ASSY 159-0007 Hl GREEN ae ! HORIZ [ic | DEF. COILS Fae \ 280 4A i 0.62. 7 is. Baxe]—— [o]oso-4oi2-H | 1

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( To oo = = NOTE: uNLEss OrHERWISE SPECIFIED LA | — |B08e| TOP VALVES ARE IN OMS 1/4 WATT 254 toil ed Ls CAPACITOR. VALUES ARE IN HICROFARADS ee 3. EDEN. Ths. PIuMMAPY GRUND >|—|er aN DEN T-% SEC tC ARY GROUND. D <3) $1 POSITION TH BACK OFF ©) : W. ~ . Y Rio 212 RITE” Wee Wei 22. SE ' _ Fl— : Lfou G Ba 7emosc |? -- ——| 20] -svstey] | : oto 3 | AG 1 |+300V Ju [c3 |easq ADDED yMPER BETWEEN! ooo | og 3 | Focus Cl2tciB oO = ee ea gol CR IY i 2 [2a |ezes[RB0 was — VY Vstv Forse TT ne Ra: G 2y, 8 Basse 2 | se ¥ — Oe A | BAT RETURN — c cre 1 Fis: 0 |+a3v i|dlz JUMPER cee f 5 = aT t R10 Le | 2209 7] 2aty, 08957 ! a 1K macs | ' ie iu +i2v ;___| | cra) cul R23. ie oe | jiNuga7 i st i y . INS39 ~ uv — ae | | Z a a aw i2w i CRS! Ca He au av —— © be | _ io ‘ig— uF Gai Aq ~ i TO’ am LD eee’ [s002- pe ea0) (he 20 H Fk bet ® Ca | vw i lev SU) ay gene | a | f £ = T Bog ry +) Cz = + BK 35, NNO? rey LEI See Ge 33 oT RIS Tie v' tev) Sov tov. EX) “N93 Le ! vv 22 Pg afte — w |-2y. 24 fy Sa tase N |+5V SEN 3) 50 By $470 REF DESIGNATION -USED 3] ot ri? sh -$a27 5] W2W Care) ca20 | iE _ [C40 , CRZ6 ,L6.0 ay éj 1g NN933| INHO33 oN x Ae ES + Os 3 u cae |) tose MBS-U51 ‘ane p08 3i8 i vous | 7 3by ! \ b | | vy au oS 830 1 5 ! 2N3s04 _ 4.3K © [METRIC ay olen ed RIC! @gapple computer rT ‘ Sy | i A Aas | DK = | SCHEMATIC. | = 7 POwER SUPPLY E)MeF EA Sait a LZ | oe |] oso-uor-y | 4 ] 3 ia 2 T 1

United States Patent c191 [11) Baker et al. [45) [54) MEMORY MANAGEMENT UNIT WITH OVERLAPPING CONTROL FOR ACCESSING MAIN MEMORY OF A DIGITAL COMPUTER [75] Inventors: Paul A. Baker, Los Altos; Gary L Marten, Cupertino, both of Calif. [73] Assignee: Apple Computer, Inc., Cupertino, Calif. [21] Appl. No.: 933,071 [22) Filed: Dec. 17, 1986 Related U.S. Applicadon Data [63] [51] [52) [58) [56] Continuation of Ser. No. 426,869, Sep. 29, 1982, abandoned. Int. a.s ................................................ G06F 9/00 U.S. CL ................................. 364/200; 364/238.4; 364/246; 364/246.3; 364/246.4; 364/246.5; 364/245.4 Field of Search ................................ 364/200, 900 References Oted U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3,828,327 8/1974 3,902,163 8/1975 4,004,278 1/1977 4,037,215 7/1977 4,084,224 4/1978 4,084,227 4/1978 4,084,228 4/1978 4,096,568 6/1978 4,104,718 8/1978 4,130,867 12/1978 4,297,743 10/1981 4,316,245 2/1982 4,354,225 10/1982 4,376,297 3/1983 4,378,591 3/1983 4,410,941 10/1983 4,424,561 1/1984 Berglund et al................. 340/172.5 Amdahl et al ................... 340/172.5 Nagashima ....................... 340/172.5 Birney et al........................ 364/200 Appell et al........................ 364/200 Bennett et al....................... 364/200 Dufond et al ....................... 364/200 Bennett et al....................... 364/200 Poublan et al...................... 364/200 Bachman et al .................... 364/200 Appell et al........................ 364/200 Luu et al............................. 364/200 Frieder et al....................... 364/200 Anderson et al ................... 364/200 Lemay ................................. 364/200 Barrow et al....................... 364/200 Stanley et al....................... 364/200 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 0040702 2/1981 190324 12/1982 1413739 11/1975 1477977 6/1977 1487078 9/1977 1498116 1/1978 1547382 6/1979 European Pat. Off.. New Zealand . United Kingdom . United Kingdom . United Kingdom . United Kingdom . United Kingdom . Patent Number. Date of Patent: 1557121 12/1979 1577592 10/1980 1585960 3/1981 2073458 2/1984 4,926,316 May 15, 1990 United Kingdom . United Kingdom . United Kingdom . United Kingdom . OTHER PUBLICATIONS Wescon Conference Record, vol. 25, Sep. 1981, pp. 1-9, El Segundo, U.S.; S. Walters: "Memory Management Made Easy with the Z8000". Electronic Design. vol. 29, No. 17, Aug. 1981, pp. 115-121, Waseca, MN, U.S.; D. L. Collins et al.: "Memory Management Chip Masters Large Data Bases". Electronics International, vol. 54, No. 11, Jun. 1981, pp. 134-138, New York, U.S.; J. Beekmans et al.: "Chip Set Bestows Virtual Memory on 16-bit Minis". Primary &aminer-Gareth D. Shaw Assistant Examiner-John G. Mills Attomey, Agent, or Firm-Blakely, Sokoloff, Taylor & Zafman [57) ABSTRACT An improved memory management unit (MMU) for interfacing between a CPU and a main computer memory. The MMU receives logical addresses from the CPU and converts a portion o…

Macintosh XL Hardwaire Information See also: Lisa r.lardware Manual Written by: Mark 13aumwell 16 May 1985 This document covers Macintosh XL information that is either incorrectly documented or not documented elsewhere . .ILQ_Space Adresses The Lisa Hardware manual shows incorrect addresses for locations in the 1/0 space such as the expansion slots, floppy disk controller, serial ports, parallel ports, keyboard/mouse control, etc. The addresses are listed as OOxxxx in the manual, but should be FCxxxx. As an example, refer to figure 2-6 (System 1/0 Space Overview} in the lisa Hardware manual . The correct addresses for the expansion slots are (all in hexadecimal}: AQQr~~§ FCOOOO FC2000 FC4000 FC6000 FC8000 FCAOOO - FClFFF FC3FFF FCSFFF FC7FFF FC9FFF FCBFFF Function Expansion slot #1 Low Decode Expansion slot #1 High Decode Expansion slot #2 Low Decode Expansion slot #2 High Decode Expansion slot #3 Low Decode Expansion slot #3 High Decode Also note that while the 1/0 space adresses are in the range FCxxxx, the Boot ROM addresses are in the range IFExxxx. Reading the Boot ROM version number To checJs the version numb1er of the Boot ROM, display location FE3FFC for 4 bytes. If you display it from LisaBug, the display looks something like this: OOFE3FFC 0248 The version number is 0248, or 2.48. Note that 48 hex =ASCII H. Therefore, the ROM revision is H. Note the thE~ Boot ROM version number and the Floppy ROM version number are displayed in the upper right hand corner of the Macintosh XL screen during the self test. For example if H/88 was displayed on the screen during the self test, the Boot ROM is revision H and the floppy ROM version number is 88. Macintosh Technical Support page 1 of 3 Macintosh XL Hardware Information ,,,...- '·. Bfiading Parallel Interface Gard ROM version numbers Note that if a Parallel lnt1arface Card is installed, you can check its ROM version number by adding FF8 to the start of the Low Decode address of the slot the card is in and then displaying the resulting location for 4 bytes. To interpret the version number, look at the low order byte, of each word. For example, to check the ROM version number of a Parallel Interface Card in slot 2, display location FC4FF8 for 4 bytes. If you display it fr9m LisaBug, the display looks something like this: OOFC4FF8 0001 0007 Since the ROM is on the lower half of the data bus, the upper half of the data bus should be interpreted as don't cares. Therefore, the version number is 0107, or 1.07. Parallel Interface Card VIA offsets Each Parallel Interface Card has two 6522 Versatile Interface Adapters (VIAs}, one for each parallel port. The address of the VIAs is found by adding constants to the Expansion slot decodes as described below. Add 2000 hex to the slot low decode to get to the lower VIA base address. Add 2800 hex to the slot low decode to get to the upper VIA base address. For example: FC2000 is the slot 1 lower VIA base address. FC2800 is the slot 1 upper VIA …

To: Lisa 1.75-Meeting Attendee$ From: Paul Baker Date: May 26, 198~ Stbject: Minutes of ?15/l~3 rreet1ng cc: IJJ. Rosing The following issues were discussed at the Lisa 1.75 rreeting on May 5, 1~83: 1 - Next Meeting would. be• 5/26., sane time sane place . .• i . 2 - The ERS was discussed.. clari ficatiqn -on the: lack of battery backup was · suggested, it will be adde~d in the third draft. More discussion of the ERS fallows below. . 3 - The operating assurrpti.on for the design is that the current apps and bigh level OS parts will work oin both machines without changes. "' to discuss the Widget/l.75 interface was formed . . minutes of 4 - A working group the first meeting are attaiched.. · s - The location of the serial nunt>er is still .an open issue. 6 - The cornnent was made that due to the fact that the 68K 1s doing the rroto~ stepping, it is 1f1llortant to service the Timer 1 interrupt pro~~ly. 7~- A question was raised regarding parity checking on OMA. In addition some questions were asked about the use of the two new expansion slots. The new ERS addresses these issues. a·- Questions were asked aJoout the COPS/NMI/Reset ideas. The new ERS addresses this issue. · 9 - The twiggy use light 'is still an issue. 10 - Issues of corrpat1b111ty between Lisa 1 and Lisa l.75 I/O expansion cards were raised. Engineering conmitted to writ-e an application note so designers caulcl design cards that will work 1n both systems. 11 - Service indicated that they would like nDckups to evaluate servicability aspects of the system and that they would like to be involved in production philosophy discussions. S•~rvice indicated that ·they also need a PIP so they can scheaule their activ1t1es.· They indicated that they would need schematics by 7/28, 2 systems with socketed C°""30nents by 10/~8 and 3 final systems by 11/28. 12 - A remaining open issue~ is ~he relationship .between Lisa 1. 75 and the file server. · • I ii; •/I To: Ken Okin · From: Paul Baker Date: May 6, 1983 SUbject: First Widget t1eet1ng minutes cc: w. Dirks, R. Mohme G. Marten, B .' Lee, llL Henry, O. Offen, M. Urqhart, C. Twyman The first Widget/Lisa 1.75 meet1ng·was held May Sand the following issues were raised: 1 - Current status is: 30 drives on test using 16 sector controller, about 70 drives total have been ttuilt, build rate is now about 50/roonth, going to 100/roonth soon, 500/roonth in August and 3000/roonth (maybe) in October. The nineteen sector controller is working now, still waiting for ECC gate array, still waiting for seconcl pass main gate array. We can expect a working drive/controller with f].rmware on 7/1. 2 - The drive was desigrted with performance in mind, average access is 55 ms vs 180 ms on the Seagate,. track to track is 7 ms vs 20ms. Latency is higher at 19 ms max vs 16 ms. The delta rate is 5 'MHz. The 20 MB widget will have higher latency of about 25 ms max and a slightly higher data rate of about 6.5 MHz. The 40 MB widget will helVe still higher latenc…

Edit Date: 08/02/83 File: BootROM.TEXT Purpose: rti is is the ·ma in flow for th• L ht• 1.15 Boot. ROM .PROC BootROM,0 MakeOesk . raf' ROMO ROMl ROMSize VideoMemory VidSize LED on LEDof f' EQU EOU EQU e:au EQU e:au EOU move.L movem. 1 $00000000 $00020000 $00007F"FF" $00000000 $00020000 $00003000 S0000300C . ;Location of ROM ;Location of second RO~ ;Size of each ROM . ;Locatton of Vtdeo Mem~ry 1Siz• of Video Memo~y • ; Turin on LEO on CPU BQAFm, disab(e Serial Port A ; Turin oft LEO on CPU BOARD, enable Serial Port A (SP)+ 1 AO" ;s•v• return •ddrasa: d0-d7/a0-a6,·(sp) ;Save everyone Set exception vector pointer to def~ults lft ROM LEA RESETO,AO ;tnit new E•c•ption Bas; ****************** ; **** MOVE.L (aO),VBR ; ****************************************** Set stack to video memory LED on tst.b Set Lisa Video mode. ; T1Jrn on CPU board LltD move. 1 move. 1 lea bra ttROMO,al #ROMSize,dl ROMOOone,aO Check Sum ;Address of ROM for dh~cksum test ;L1tngth of' ROM ;Return address, can riot use the stack _;Gu verify the check~um of First ROM move. l move. I lea bra #ROMl,al #RQMSize,dl ROMlOone,aO Check Sum ;Address or ROM-for Checksum test ; Lttngth of ROM ; Re1turn address, can ,not use the stack ;Ga verify the check~um of second ROM move. l move. I lea bra #VideoMemory,al ;Address.of Video m~mory #V idS iZ•, dl ; L11ngth of Video'·mem~ry VidMOone,aO ;Return address, can ~ot use ihe stack VidMem ;G~ do video memory ~est move. l move. 1 lea bra #V ideoMemarf:h al. ; .A,ddl"'ess of V idea me',mory #V idS ize, dl ; Le1ngth of V idea memoiry VidPMOone,aO ;Return address, can not usa the stack V idPMem ; Go1 do v id'o memory par" tty test ROMODone I ROMlOone VidMOone VidPMOontS Write ~creen area ~o ell ones Rest of screen memory to all zero• jsr MakeOesk ; Make a duktop move.b bsr #l,dO Timers •;timer #l Ust",{ leva·1. 6 -).· bsr RS232 ; RS232 tests (Level 6 ). bsr IE>epansion ;Ck for e>Cpansion end slot 4 inter (5 to 2). '* move.b #l,dO Timers ;Ttmer •0 test. bsr move.b bsr ttl,dO Timers ; T·imer •2 test. bsr COPSTest ; Vel" trµ basic COPS op.rat ion. •J e t Cont r l s t ~etVolume Si Lenee Beep Po 11 K'eybo;:ird Ke':jbdEvent KeybdPeek · .. Set ne~ co~trast value. - Set speaker volume. - furn of F speaker. - rones for speaker~ - ?cll1ng mode on COPS. - Get keyboard t.O. - Get a keyboard event, must also handle COPS error codes. - Examine keyboard que\le. . r Ind all memory bsr SizeMemory . ; $ i:1e memory, bsr MMUBas 1cs ; MMIJ rl!lad/\ir 1te & address test. bsr ~EMPatterns ;Main memor~ pattern tests. bsr ~~M~artty ;M•in memory ~artiy clrcu1t test' bsr MMUFunct1.onal ;.MMU ~unctional test. Floppy dr-tverF'lappy dr-tver Floppy driver Flopp!:I dr-iver bsr -·Read • sect.or. - Eject a disk. - Sae if disk t• tn. - Debug commends r-equired by ~ield.Service. IWMChip ;;IWM, floppy drive~ chip, t.est. I Built-in hard disW dr-tver - Re~d stet~s or selft•st. Built-in hard disk driver • See if disk…

To: Rick Meyers From: George Cossey Date: June 22,1983 Subject: Evaluation of .diagnostic's hardware driver requirements. Hardware Interface for Lisa 1.75 me f ollow1ng interfaces are needed, for the diagnostics, from the hardware interface in tne Lisa 1. 75 ROM. overall, all routines that interface to the hardware 1111st have. safety t 1meout s in them to prevent endless hangs. The timeout error 11l1St also be reported to the caner. All oata area usea·oy the Haraware interface, for a scratch pad or to contain oata, rust reside in the Video memory. Tn1~ makes it able to handle a system without any meroory boards ana i~roves a1agnost1c capability, rne ·arivers rust be able to run entirely in viaeo rneroory, without ever using the ma1nmet00ry. There should be a way to reset the hardware 1nterface software/hardware. Unknown cnanges may occur auring a aiagnostic, and· to return to a known state a reset may be · necessary. ·· The timer chip. Timer 1to and 1t1 canoe assumea to be working,. this is one of the first tests done by the Boot ROM. . ·• r1ner ttO - Need a handler for thls t1mer,: allows· rTlll t1ple timeouts to oe set. Allows a previously set' timeout to be q~ryecJ for remaining time ana possibly deletion from tne timer queue. Neea a way to notify user program.that timeout nas expired, flag · resides in user program and rte passes yo~ 1t • s aaaress? · Timer.ill - For Floppy ariver. Timer ll2 - For Speaker ariver. Standard way to tall<: to--tt)e COPS. "This means a way to send data anq receive data . ' ' with a timeout option, to get around a hang conct1tion. Should be a way to talk to the COPS in a non-structured way, 1.e. not expect or send data in only speci fie formats. A structured way to talk to the COPS shOuld al so be available. A change to the current method would b~~ to have a timeout on rrultiple byte data streams. This will allow getting out 1f only part of a roou~e stream comes in, a tirreout error should occur. This would also handle if rultiple data is oeing sent, as in a date, and the COPS stops accepting data. Should be able to use the COPS in a'polled ioode or an interrupt roooe. 11 Need a handler for Speaker values, volUrre and frequency. This latch requires a shadow" to be kept in mennory. Need a handler for Contrast values. This latch requires a "shadow" to oe kept in reroory. · Astandard floppy driver, capable pf handling either the 871 or the Sony, using tne IWM chip. Primitive corrrnands ffLISt be allowed, with error trapping. High level cofTlllands should be available with error trapping. A built-in hard disk driver . ' The special diagnostic co1110ands in the disk drive oust be accessiable. Th1LS driver rust allow low level and hign level corrmands. AProfile hard disk driver, driving out of a parallel interface car.a. This driver rrust allow low level and lnigh level con11lands . standard MMU registier routines, for reading and for writing. Checksums in all ROt1s rrust be in a standard place in the…