System Software Manuals Pert 3 of 3 A6D0201 Operating System Reference Manual for the Lisa 1M 029-0414-A LIcensIng Requirements for SOftware Developers Apple has a low-cost licensing program, which permits developers of software for .the Lisa to incorporate Apple-developed libraries and object code files into their products. Both in-house and external distribution require a license. Before distributing any products that incorporate Apple software, please contact Software Licensing at the address below for Doth licensing and technical information. @1983 by Apple Computer, Inc. 20525 Mariani Avenue Cupertino, California 95014 (408) 996-1010 Apple, Usa, and the Apple logo are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Simultaneously published in the USA ana Canada. OJstomer Satisfaction If you discover physical defects in the manuals distributed with a Lisa product or in the media on which a software product is distributed, Apple will replace the documentation or media at no charge to you during the 90-day period after you purchased the product. PnxiK:tRevisions Unless you have purchased the product update service available through your authorized Lisa dealer, Apple cannot guarantee that you will receive notice of a revision to the software described in this manual, even if you have returned a registration card received with the product. You should check periodically with your authorized Lisa dealer. limitation on Warranties cnj liability All implied warranties concerning this manual and media, including implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, are limited in duration to ninety (90) days from the date of original retail purchase of this product. Even though Apple has tested the software described in this manual and reviewed its contents, neither Apple nor its software suppliers make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to this manual or to the software described in this manual, their quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for any particular purpose. As a result, this software and manual are sold "as is," and you the purchaser are assuming the entire risk as to their quality and performance. In no· event will Apple or its software suppliers be liable for direct, indirect, speCial, incidental, or consequential damages resul ting from any defect in the software or manual, even if they have been advised of the possibility of such damages. In particular, they shall have no liability for any programs or data stored in or used with Apple products, including the costs of recovering or reproducing these programs or data The warranty and remedies set forth above are exclusive and in lieu of all others, oral or written, express or implied. No Apple dealer, agent or employee is authorized to make any modification, extension or addition to this warranty. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damag…

‘ aaanaimana renee ro eae re ‘ Carry Carry 2 10 add Linit value __ Aka to requested addr Limit Value. and carry | 13 to 16 11 « 1Kx4 Add limit value Linit Value to requested addr |: 9 to 12 1 to 6 tested by Ram tests. Failure is either 1Kx4 RAM, LS2u5 transceiver, or L$373 «00x. Displayed error will show RAM, LS245, and then LS373 (in that order), 7 to 9 tested by functional tests, those expected. IKx4 Base Value rd 1Kx4 Control Exp. SP_R/W, Stk 7 Add Base value 5 aKna "| Base Value and carry T sary 1Kx4 and requested addr 17 to 20 ‘Add Base value and carry 13 to 16 Base Value Requested address The failure will display the 283 Adder. 10 to 11 by functional tests, limit failures and Getermine if the adders are working correctly. The failure will display the 283 Adder. 1-8 addresses actually accessed must agree with legal values are both used to Actual address 17 to 20 Actual address — 13 to 16 man 1-8 “LISA 175 MMU 21 23 Alg A18 ‘Al? BRB ALS als al7 A21 423 Alg Als Al7 | fa) cs 0 p02 EXP ay Dee | SP A2 03 | R/U e— aS 004 STK a IK ie) x » % Abit a7. @ RAM ; 40 DOL L13 al Al Dg2 L14 Az A2 ~ 203 115 A3 03 004 L16 Ad 04 6 1K Als —— Bt % x Al4 ———i B2 Als ———j B3 . 4 bit als —— 84 1 RAM bol i) al nt oe L10 a2 02 Des t11 03 004 L12 Ad 4 a3 ae’ Aq oo ——i BL €3 6 1K alo ——4 82 6 x all-—— 63 av. 4bit Al2—— Ba 48 RAM a21 A22 A23 SEGO SEC1 SEG2 A20 alg Als Al? 21 azz A23 SEGO SEG1 - SEG2 A20 alg ALS Al7 As A17 cs 0 pg. -}-——~—817 —] AL Al 002 ->———~-B1g —} A2 093 -}——B19—] as ‘ fe 004 p20-——1 aa. EA naz AB OS E2 -——— NALS MK in > £3 [-——HALS 6 | ee " 4 bit, B3 B4 A RAM V a . —> 6s / pg. B13 a G4 0 a oge Bl4a—— 2 me ry pgs B1S As 004 Bi6b—{ ag fo 8 ad ees a al 4 __] 3 2 S 1K Als Blogg YO f-— NALS ox a4 ——| 82 a3 ¥2 [— 1A geaefi 4 bit As ——| 83 RFS —1p9 © -Y2 F— MALS a7 ALG ———| B4 gg RF6 181 Y3 F-— ALG @ RAM RF? —— 82 09 RFS | BS cs pa. -—~—89 ——J ay C4 0 mUX a pez b1o-—] A2 “| 2 09s B1L . El wm § a3 094 612 £2 Al “ 1K w—| 61 he bel YO F— HAS x aio 82 yLI— Hato — > 6 A bit All ——| 83 H Fl — Bo Y2 — MALL lar alz——| ba RF2—J 61 Y3}-— MAL2 (6 RAM vad Rr 82 e 5 Rea B3 4 CAS PAL Equations: x x x x x ¥ 0 1 : 2 co 9 (0) tl 12 3 14 11s t16 UL? j L J 1 J ] 71 PT é “Li_RESH _— _ , RAUX { of ~ | yRASr CTI Po HUK 1 eee CAS CC DJACK ae BERR: a CYST _ ROE : cash oo ee i wnnu . 5245 575 : _ HUTS _ — erresh CYST = AS SP PUCK RFSH ROUX + CYST OTADK + cyst cpuck = FR ress cgi : RASO = Be GPUCK RFSH RRUX Al? Al@ AIS « CYST RAGO + RIWUK RESH ~ _REUK RESO ‘ RAS1 = AS SP CPUCK RFSH UK «© Al AL + CYST RAS1 + RIUX RFSH + RIUK RASL Wet sas & CPURK RFSH AUK a7 AIG ALS + as SP CPUCK AFSH RBUK AIT eae AIS ~ CYST RAS2 * RMUX RAS2 + RASO RAS3 RASS = AS SP CPUCK RFSH WK = ALB AIS + CYST RAS3 + RMUX RAS3 + RASO RAS3 RAS4 = AS SP CPUCK RFSH AUK ai7 Als ALD ~ as @ GBuCK FSH HU AI? ALO AN9 * CYST RAS4 + RMUX RAGA + RASO RASS RASS = AS SP PUCK RFSH RIUX Als ALS + CYST RASS + RMUX RASS + RASO RAS3 RNUX = AS RFSH CPUCK + AS RFSH CPUCK …

LISA C>.peratlng System RefERENCE MANUAL Bill . Schqttst~ Ext 2379 l-Mar-82 Operating System Reference Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION • • • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3 THE FILE SYSTEM . . · . .. .. . . .. .. • 4 PROCESSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . · . . . . . . . . 31 File System Overview • • • • F11e System Calls • • • • • • 10 Process Structure and Management • • • • • • • • • 32 Process System Calls • •• • • • • • • • • • • 37 ......• • • • • • • • • • • Memory Management Overview • • • · . . . . . . . ...... Memory Management Sys tem Calls • EXCEPTIONS AND EVENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 MEMORY MANAGEMENT • 47 • 48. • 52 Excep t ions • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •. 64 Events • • • • • .0 . • • . • • . • . • . • • . • .0 6~ The System Clock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Exception Management System Calls • • • • e. e. • • 69 Event Management System Calls • • • • 76 Clock Sys tem Calls ~ • • • • • .• •.• • • • • • • • 84 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION AND STARTUP • . . . . . . . . . • 89 Sys tem Startup • • • • • • • • • • • .'. • • • • • g.C). Self~diagnost1cs • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 90 Customizing Your System • • • • • • • • • • • • • 91 APPENDICES • • • 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Operating System Interface • • • • • • • • • • • • • 94 Reserved Exception Names • • • • • • • • • • • • 106 Reserved Event Types • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 106 Error codes • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 107 l-Mar-82 Operating System Reference Manual Confidential l-Mar-82 Operating System Reference Manual Confidential INTRODUcrION The Operating System is a single user system providing concurrent processes, events, exceptions, device independent I/O in a hierarchical file sys tem, and management of code and data segmentdation. This manual is intended for applications programmers who deal directly with the Operating System. The Operating System falls naturally into four categories: file management, process management, memory management, and process communication. In each of the four chapters describing these portions of the Operating System, there is an overview of the subject that explains the terms and concepts used in the system calls. The system calls themselves are then described in some detail. A fifth chapter describes system startup procedures. The Appendices describe the Operating System interface and error codes. Page 1 l-Mar-82 Operating System Reference Manual Page 2 Confidential l-Mar-82 Operating System Reference Manual CHAPTER 1 THE FILE SYSTEM Introduction File Names • The Working Directory Devices The Volume Catalog • Labels • Logical and Physical End Of File • File Access Pipes File System Calls • • HAKE FILE • • • • • MAKE:PIPE • KILL OBJECT • • • • • • • • • • 5 • 5 • 7 • 7 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 17 • 18 • • ·. .. • • .• • • • • • • • • ·0 · • • • •…

Fri Sep ivec.s 5 19:08:57 1986 1 Copyright 1982 UniSoft Corporation bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr Interrupt vector dispatch table One entry per interrupt vector location .text .globl dispatc: bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr bsr _dispatc, __pmvect, _tevect lfault lfault lbuserr laddrerr lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault llintr kbintr pis pi4 pi3 scintr !Uni lsyscall lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault 2 3 5 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 Reset: Initial SSP Reset: Initial PC Bus Error Address Error Illegal Instruction Zero Divide CHK Instruction TRAPV Instruction Privilege Violation Trace Line 1010 Emulator Line 1111 Emulator (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) Spurious Interrupt Level 1 pp 0, sony, vert retrace (clock) Level cops, mouse, rtclock, buttons Level exp slot 3 (default 2-port card) Level exp slot 2 (default 2-port card) Level exp slot 1 (default 2-port card) Level sec chip Level Interrupt Autovector system Call TRAP Instruction Vector TRAP Instruction Vector TRAP Instruction Vector TRAP Instruction Vector TRAP Instruction Vector TRAP Instruction Vector TRAP Instruction Vector TRAP Instruction Vector TRAP Instruction Vector TRAP Instruction Vector TRAP Instruction Vector TRAP Instruction Vector TRAP Instruction Vector TRAP Instruction Vector TRAP Instruction Vector (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (Unassigned, reserved) (User Interrupt Vector) (User Interrupt Vector) (User Interrupt Vector) lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault lfault 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76…

3:20 #4.H .---------------------------------------------·------------------------- .' 40 Th~s Gdded 01 /:30/85 l ' ont·1Gc: True ': . . onL ~ sci True equG t..es for i·/ACC cn·-1d ::lbot.}e ~ c~n68000 , .:. on=·/:Jcc: True l i 1: ·---------------------------------------------------------------------- .• .EQU .EQU NOT on G r·!Gc: i n tosh tiOT on e1 L 1sG ( MGc: ::(L ) t.tnder H::.:1e:f~Jor~:$s Yes, it's on a Yacc on68000 noTer·m .EQU ~APc:rt_ ~EQU set to 0 if RS232 s/b used use A Port for terminof stJJc;pS:::reen .EQU .EQU .EQU set if disassembf er full command set UJi thDis fui !Sized 0 set i f .sc:reen su.1::1p r-:-1i; .C..i:..!U .EQU ~EQU DDBG .EQU Ti'"li:Aiif8S ~EQU NOT debt~=;l:~ i n9 the debu:~1;Jer :::. ; ;u:.:J tr·(".lP r·u::Ui'i.eS .PBOC INCLUDE iNCLUDE iNCLUDE mc~c/t ~ ~::fsm-Gr1::4fEQU. TE)::T mGc ;l t i ctsm- Toc: i EQU . TEX:T mete/+..~ asm-HeapDefs. TEXT mac/' ti (~sm-si:JSm::Acs . TEXT .ENDC onL i s.::i True ~NCLUDE iNCLUDE INCLUDE t.. i t:~sm-Gr~:A fEQU . TEXT !NCLUDE t!asm-ToolEQU.TEXT tlasm-HeapOefs.TEXT t i c1sm-s1;:1smi:K:s . TEXT . Et·iDC iF onVGce:True ~NCLUDE !MCLUDE ~NCLUOE INCLUDE ~NCLUDE t_ ! 1:Asm-8:·/SEQU . TEXT t i ::1sm-Gra fEQU . TEXT t i c1sm- Ti:10 i EQU . TEXT t ~ Gsm-He::::1pDe f s . TEXT t IGsm-s,::1smac:s . TEXT .ENDC .LIST INCUJDE equates/global defs !NCLUDE db9-rmri4EQU . TEXT dtu;i- i r! i t . TE)::T dtu;t-cmds . TE)::T iNCLUDE dbg-io.TEXT INCLUDE dtu;1-1J trGp . TE):~T rs2:32/'d ~ sp i.at:_l stt~ff a::r tr=~p s: tu ff iNCLUDE dtu;i-he1:::ip . TEXT db9-dm. te::-::t heGp stuff ~NCLUDE INCLUDE dba-orint.TEXT printing uti !ities INCLUDE memc1ri:J d f sp I Gi:J code 2 fF f?...fi IS ized iNCUJOE :jtu;1-SiJmS . te::-:: t .ENDC . f·iOL i ST F . J . iMCLUDE .ENDC IC' ll ~NCLUDE .ENDC .END UJi thDis dbg-D.TEXT TnGmes d ~ sc.1ssemb i er

Glossary of Copland Terminology The terms defined in this glossary are preliminary and subject to change. action The objects and activities that make a human interface task unique, such as the names of folders to back up or a list of people to whom a message should be sent. See also task. activation model The tasking and synchronization model mandated by an I/O family. It consists of the code that provides the runtime environment to the family and its plug-ins. See family, plug-in. active assistance General term for Copland features that allow the computer to assist the user actively. See also automation, delegation, task, task definition, assistant. active window The frontmost window on the desktop; the window where the next action will take place. The active window is identified by distinctive details that aren’t visible for inactive windows. address space The set of addresses that a process can reference. alert box An arrangement of panels within a modal window that an application displays on the screen to warn the user or to report an error. An alert box typically consists of text describing the situation and buttons that require the user to acknowledge or rectify the problem. An alert box may or may not be accompanied by an alert sound. See also dialog box, modal window. area A logical extent of memory with common attributes. Areas never overlap; a particular address in an address space is included in at most one area. See also global area. assistant An entity that provides a specific kind of active assistance in a given context by asking the user questions and then taking actions or creating human interface tasks based on the answers. automation Automatically controlled operations. In Copland, features that allow the computer to create a series of actions, or a human interface task, in a form that can be repeated. See also task. backing provider A server process responsible for transferring memory between backing storage (for example, a hard disk) and physical memory in response to page faults. bus expert See low-level expert. cell A rectangular part of a list displaying information about one item in the list. CFM-based software Software compiled for execution in a runtime environment that uses Code Fragment Manager (CFM) fragments to organize executable code and data in memory. GL-1 Draft. Confidential.  Apple Computer, Inc. 10/17/95 This document was created with FrameMaker 4.0.4 G L O S S A RY close box The box on the left end of the title bar of an active window. Clicking it closes the window. code fragment See fragment. Code Fragment Manager The part of the Mac OS that loads fragments into memory and prepares them for execution. collapse box The box on the right end of the title bar of an active window. Clicking it collapses or expands the window. condition The set of events or states that trigger a human interface task. See also task. cooperative process A process that has a cooperative task created by the Process Manager. The …

Now that we have a goal in sight (bringing up BigMac in timely fashion), I thought we should formalize and agree on how we are to reach this goal. I see it as a four stage process. First is of course, the delivery of the breadboard machine on or about 8/15 to the software group. Second stage is to get some kind of debugging environment in the machine. Third is to download our version of The ROM into ram and get as much of it working as we can andlor as is necessary to boot. The last stage is to get the machine to boot up and hopefully run an application. I propose that we try to use the MacDB debugger from the MDS system. This debugger uses a Mac as a very intelligent terminal talking to a small monitor «1k bytes) in the target machine. This is a very powerful debugging system that is for the most part done and should require little to port to BigMac. The one thing that it lacks is the ability to disassemble 68020 code (ho'lVever I have a line on a possible updated version) but I don't see that as much of a problem as very little 68020 specific code is in the system. I have the sources to the monitor (Macl'~ub) and the debugger (MacDB) so that we can modify them as nee.d be. Tom will be providing a ROM image for BigMac to be downloaded and debugged. Rodger has been working on a debugger/downloader that we can modify to use the MacDB protocol for downloading the ROM image. Once the image is in RAM we can debug the initialization parts leading up to booting the disk. From my discussions with Tom and Rodger last week it was decided that we would boot from the hard disk. This is a win for two reasons. First it greatly simplifies the boot process by not having to get wrapped up in the Sony driver (and EEEK!, the IWM) and second it is too cool for words to boot from the hard disk. First pass is will be getting the Finder to run. With some luck their might be time to get Paint or Write to work. So much for my view of the world. Please let me know if you see any problems in this strategy or perhaps we can discuss it at the next BigMac meeting. team: Rodger Mohme Peter Ashkin Tom Saulpaugh Rich Page from: Mike Hanlon

Debu99er for the Mo t_or··o ~ G fi8000 This tlavor is terminal base APort~ 20 ines with disassembler 2/ ~ ! /85 GPort suJ1:ApScreen !}Ji thDi s .EQU .EQU . EQU .EQU .EQU . EQU i·iOT on G L ~ sci ::: t·1cic.: XL ) ur!der t·iac!. .~orks \·'es.; ~ t = s on (~ ~l::.7ic:c 0 t·iOT on G t·tc~c or L ~ s::A set to 0 i f RS232 s /b t4sed use A Port for term i n=:.:1 i .EQU .EQU set set if disassemb;er f u l ~ command set .EQU hecipPr ~ r1 t dL~nes .EQU .EQU .EGU 20 20 .EQU 0 DDBG rat4mt=er or ~ i nes to d i sp ~ GiJ f'"it~mber c=f i i ries tc: i L (def GU~ t) t·10T debu9!;1 ~ n9 the debt~!;J9er DONT shouJ tr·Gp n=~mes 0 .PHOC ~NCLUDE ~NCLUDE ~NCLUDE ~NCLUDE ~NCLUDE mcic: / t ~ (Asm-He1JpDe f s . TE::<T mGc / t ~ 1:lsm-s1:f::m1Jcs . TEXT .ELSE ~NCLUDE ~NCLUDE jfiCLUDE tlasm-ToolEQU.TEXT iNCLUOE t i asm-HeapDe f s . TE:KT t ! asm-s!:tsmacs . TE)::T ~NCLUDE .ENDC equates/global defs jNCLUDE dbi~-rom4EQU . TE):~T INCLUDE INCLUDE db!;;- ~ rj i t . TE::(T db=;i-cmds . TE:::::T dtu;;J- i o . TE):~T db;;i-c~ trctp . TE)::T ~NCLUDE :JD1;1-nei:4p . i t:.}... i hecip stuff INCLUDE dbg-dm. te::.::t memi:ir-~;:J ..-i!-...-:-:-.::...~ ; .:..-.. .f. printing ut1 I ities IMCLUDE ~NCLUDE :1 ! .n..::::f pt 1••• !F iNCLUDE . ENDC lNCLUDE .ENDC -:"'::--•••·-:"" 1~·:··-r ! ! t :_ • ! !..-..··~.. I more e:ommGn(iS rs2:32;ld i sp i CUJ stuff d i sp ¥ a;:J code iNCLUDE .ENDC .END

• Macintosh~ Macintosh Programmer's Workshop 3.0 Reference ( ' c C APPL! COMPUT!l, INC. nu, manual and the soCtwue described in i1 are a:ipyriahted, with ail POSTSCRIPT is a~ <i Adobe Systems Lncorponted. righrs reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual er me soCtwue may net be copied, in whale er pan. wUhout wrillen ~ of Apple, · except in the ncnnal u.se <i the softwa.re or to make a mck:up copy of the soAwve. Tbe same proprietary and copyrigl& nctic:es must be affbed to any pem1ited copies as were alB:m1 to the origiml. lb.i.t excepcion does Del allow copies to be made fer ochm, whether or aot sold,· but ail of the material purchased (wilh all backup copies) may be sold, given, or loaned to aaother pmoa. Under the law, copyin8 includes tr:ulSlalins iitto aaother fan&uase er f~ LinoCronic is a registaed tracfermrk Of Linotype company. '•• You .may u.se the software on any computer owned by you, but extra copies c::umct be .made fer this purpose. 0 1985-88 Apple Computer, Inc. 20525 Mam.Di Ave. · . . ., .. Cupenjno, CaliComia 95()1.t' . (408) 996-1010 Pua1Compiler0 1982.a8 Apple Computer, Inc. 0 1981 svs, Im:. Apple, the Apple Ioso, Apple.Share, AppleTaJk, A/tJX. fmqeWrilet, tase:Writet, Usa, MacApp, Macimmh, and SAN! are regiseJed tm!emarks of Apple Computer, Inc. MPY, Quir:kDr.lw, la!dl, and SAD! are rncfemar!rs of Apple Computer, Inc. MacDraw, .MacPaill, aod MKWrire lie regiSered. uwtenndra of Caris CotpCll'llilL Adobe lllustrator 88 is a tr2.demaric of Adobe Systema &xorponted. ImageStudio is a tr2.demaric of Esselie Pm:laflex Corpot2tim1 in the Unired SWa; d I.araS« Camda Limited in Caaada, and d P.1selte Lett2Set Umited eJsewhere. Mororola is a trademark of Mctorola, Ice. QMS is a regiaeted uadamrk of QMS,Inc. UNIX ma trademark of • AT~T BeU laboratories. Simulw1eoUsly pub&hed in the United SWes and Camda. MP'W sample program · Apple Computer, Ice. gzmt.s users of the Ma&mm~ \Vori:rhq? '. a royalty-free liceme to incorpome . Macintosll ~ Wonis/q) sampM programs into their own · propims, or to modify the sample propims for u.se in their own prognms, provided such u.se is exdusiveiy on Apple c:ompurers. For any modfied Mactnlmh .Prop.mimer's \VOTishop sample progrim, you .may · add your own copyrip aotice aloapide the Apple copyrighl aotice. Contents Figures and 12bles xxvii Part I Shell Reference 1 Introduction: The New and the Neces.ury 3 · Power tools for Macintosh programmers 5 What's new in MPW 3.0 7 MPWC++ 7 Projector 8 Symbolic Application Debugging Environment (SAD;) g..:. New or enhanced tools 8 New or enhanced Shell commands 10 New Sheil editor capabilities 12 New st:lndan:i Shell wriabies 13 Changes to menus and dialogs 14 Miscellaneous Shell changes 14 Numeric libraries 15 MPW C and MPW C++ Include files 16 MPW Pascal 16 MPW tool libraries 17 What you'll need 17 Hardware and system requiremena 17 System Folder requirements 18 Documentation 18 About this reference 19 F"mding information fast 20 S…

TIIB LISA: A CASEHISTORY •PATRICIA DINES HE LISA: A CASE HISTORY by' Patricia Dines. ll.n January;.1983; Steve Jobs and John Sculley declared that Apple "~as betting the future of the company" on their new Lisa. Jn May, 1985, the mother Lisa was put to pasture, as the Mac carried on the flame. What happefied in this two and one~haljyears? And what is to become of those who believed and bought the computer? Settle down, dear reader, lo hear a most interesting tale about the computer called the Lisa. · I -:·:· 1111 :Ill price :?f: ,~,a Applo belttightening . I I ,,,,. (~ ~ 0 January 19$3: The New Baby In January of 1983, after four years of work, Apple released the baby Lisa to the world..At $9,995, this new personal computer paradigm includ~ one megabyte of internal memory, a five megabyte hard diSk drive, two 5-1/4" disk drives; and six core software programs: LisaWrite to write, LisaDraw to illustrate, LisaCalc to calculate, LisaGraph to show those numbers to others, LisaList to store and sort information, and LisaProject to · map the journey. ;All integrated; Moreover, Lisa (an acronym for "Local Integrated Software Archi~ture") was the first personal com,puter to use; a 10 mouse, and its graphic interface, reminiscent of the Xerox Star, was deemed revolutionary in its price range. And it was the first major PC to have within its "command center" a 32-bit microchip (the MC68000), the same chip now used in the Mac. Because this chip could carry twice the load of the then-current 16-bit chip, it could carry the baggage of the now-famous "userfriendly interface." After four years of work (200 person-years) and $50 million of investment, the thoughts at Apple must have included: Would they like it? Would they see its power? Would they•buy enough? Well, two out of three isn't bad. The Lisdl'alk Report• Winter Issue 1985 THE LISA: A CASE HISTORY •PATRICIA DINES (1) Hey, Mikey ~ they liked it! In March, 1983, John Eckhouse commented, "Consumer interest [in the Lisa] remains high, as evidenced by the tremendous crowds that have gathered around Lisa at the few recent trade shows where it has been exhibited." Many a user saw for the first time a computer such as they had only imagined - one they actually felt excited about using. In the six months after the introduction, Apple's stock rose from 33-5/8 to 62-5/8. (2) And - they saw its power. "The arrival of the Lisa has revealed a new dimension in the processing of research data," said Apple User magazine. Said D. R. Goodman of the Bay City Business Journal, "Apple's Lisa featured advanced 'software integration'; but more important, Lisa was innovative in 'demystifying' the technology. Apple promised to make computing ·accessible to ordinary people, no matter how technologically naive - an advance that was expected to revolutionalize the industry." "family" of 32-bit computers, seeming to add stability to the . prospects of the Lisa. Yet even then Mac's name was starting to surface. B…