From: macmod (Info-Mac Moderator)
Date: Tue, 21 Dec 93 11:15:48 PST
Subject: New AppleScript Kit

MOVED OVER PR NEWSWIRE AT 8:16 AM, EDT MONDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1993.


Contact:
Emilio Robles
Apple Computer, Inc.
(408) 862-5671

or

Toni Giusti
Cunningham Communication, Inc.
(408) 982-0400


Apple Delivers New AppleScript Scripter's Kit for Solution Providers

New Toolkit Allows Solution Providers to Integrate Off-the-shelf Applications
Across Desktops and Networks for Increased Productivity

CUPERTINO, California--December 13, 1993--Apple Computer, Inc. today
introduced its AppleScript Scripter's Kit, a new software tool that enables
solutions providers and end-users to integrate elements of commercial
Macintosh software applications across desktops and networks.  By providing
an easy way to integrate computing processes across different off-the-shelf
applications, AppleScript allows users to dramatically boost productivity.
    The AppleScript Scripter's Kit brings Apple's scripting language to a new
class of users.  Now, the power and extendibility of AppleScript is available
to solutions providers, in-house developers, value-added resellers (VARs),
system integrators and end-users.  Since April 1993, AppleScript has been
available as a software developer's kit for commercial software developers.
    "AppleScript is a key technology that provides significant added value to
customers' existing desktop and networked applications, without costly
investment in new operating system technologies," said AppleSoft senior vice
president and general manager David Nagel. "Building on the extensible
foundation of System 7 and our cross- platform Open Scripting Architecture
(OSA), AppleScript is at the heart of Apple's commitment to make computing
easier and more focused on users' needs.  AppleScript and the OSA provide a
clear path towards Apple's universal compound document environment known as
OpenDoc."
    The AppleScript Scripter's Kit includes an enhanced version of Apple's
scripting language,  AppleScript 1.1, an enhanced script editor, and an
interface processor from Software Designs Unlimited, Inc.  AppleScript is a
system-software-level scripting language that enables users to integrate
components of commercial and in-house software applications.  The interface
builder from Software Designs Unlimited, Inc., allows users to build
interfaces for their scripts.

Powerful New Automation Features
    The AppleScript scripting language enables users to tightly integrate the
functionality of standard, off-the-shelf applications as well as in-house,
enterprise-wide programs to build customized scripts that automate business
processes and increase productivity.
    For example, with AppleScript, a sales department can automatically
generate a weekly report that invokes functions from a series of scriptable
applications such as Microsoft Excel, FileMaker Pro and QuarkXPress. 
AppleScript can gather data from one application, process it in another and
present it in a third automatically at a given time or based on an event,
locally or over a network.  Before AppleScript, these time-consuming
functions needed to be performed manually by launching and working directly
in each individual application.

"Scriptable" Applications
    Since the AppleScript Software Developer's Kit was introduced in April
1993, over 80 independent software vendors (ISVs) are now shipping
AppleScript-aware applications (see related news release). ISVs that provide
scriptable applications include:  Aldus, Beyond, Claris, Great Plains,
Microsoft, Quark, Symantec, UserLand and WordPerfect among others.
    "AppleScript has built a loyal following among commercial developers.
Through OSA, AppleScript is open, extensible and operates across networks,
which makes it an attractive solution for a wide variety of applications and
solutions," said Chuck Piercey, product marketing manager for AppleScript. 
"Today's leading commercial software developers have recognized the payoff of
AppleScript for themselves as well as for their users and have mobilized to
make sure they can take advantage of this powerful technology."
    Scriptable products help ISVs reach new users by enabling their products
to be built into more solutions.  AppleScript gives ISVs an easy way to
differentiate their products and leverage new technologies such as voice
recognition.  In addition, AppleScript helps ISVs reduce development time and
costs by removing the need to create a proprietary scripting language.

Solution Providers
    The AppleScript Scripter's Kit is an important tool for corporate
solution providers because it introduces new business opportunities. With the
Scripter's Kit, solution providers such as in-house developers, consultants,
VARs and system integrators, can tightly link components of existing software
applications to provide tailored solutions.  The ability to easily leverage
proven, commercial applications in new ways allows solution providers to
enhance the functionality and value of their product.
    AppleScript Scripter's Kit lets solution providers take a more targeted
business approach.  Since AppleScript can directly record user actions in
certain applications, solution providers can customize their products to meet
very specific user needs or provide solutions that are easily customizable by
the user.
    "AppleScript is gaining momentum because it encourages new levels of
functionality and efficiency with today's leading applications," said Tony De
Young, of San Francisco-based production company ARTLab. "Scripting gives us
the ability to access and leverage the millions of lines of commercial
software code and provide our customers with the kind of focused solutions
they need.  For example, we used AppleScript to mimic an existing workflow
that had previously taken 30 people six weeks to complete.  Using AppleScript
with three existing software programs, we were able to produce the same
results with one person in two hours."

End Users
    Ultimately, AppleScript allows end-users to focus on getting work done
quickly.  The Scripter's Kit allows users to combine familiar applications in
custom ways to automate routine work and perform complex, time-consuming
tasks.

The AppleScript Scripter's Kit
    The AppleScript Scripter's Kit, targeted at solution providers and end
users, contains AppleScript 1.1 and a script editor that automatically
generates and edits scripts based on user's actions. The Scripter's Kit also
includes:  an interface processor that enables building custom interfaces for
scripts; support for multiple dialects that provides for scripting in
non-English languages (French and Japanese are included); and a
redistribution license for AppleScript system software and interface
processor runtime code.
    The AppleScript scripting language is integrated into the Macintosh
operating system and conforms to Apple's cross-platform Open Scripting
Architecture (OSA) standard.  Developed in cooperation with third-party
developers, the OSA provides a standard way for mainstream applications to
interact with any scripting system and is a key deliverable of Apple's
OpenDoc technology.  OpenDoc is a compound document architecture that enables
users to create compound, customizable documents.  AppleScript is an element
of Apple's long- term strategy to automate the Macintosh computing
environment, improve application interaction and provide a foundation
technology for OpenDoc.

Software Developer's Kit
    AppleScript was offered initially as a toolkit for commercial software
developers in April and is now updated to Version 1.1.  The AppleScript
Developer's Kit for commercial developers includes the AppleScript Scripter's
Kit plus a pre-release version of the scriptable finder and development
tools.  Apple also licenses the AppleScript runtime software and the script
editor to commercial developers for shipment with their products.  For more
information on licensing, developers worldwide should contact Apple Software
Licensing at (408) 974-4667.

Pricing and Availability
    The U.S. suggested retail price of the AppleScript Scripter's Kit 1.1 is
$189.  Volume purchases of site licenses are available for the AppleScript
Scripter's Kit through the Apple volume licensing program.
    The AppleScript Scripter's Kit 1.1 is planned to be available at the end
of the month and will be able to be ordered through software resellers, Apple
authorized resellers and APDA -- Apple's source for developer tools.  APDA
can be reached in the United States at (800) 282-2732;  in Canada at (800)
637-0039; or internationally at (716) 871-6555.  Apple resellers can be
located by calling (800) 538-9696.
    All customers have access to toll-free telephone support by calling Apple
Assurance at (800) SOS-APPL.  Advanced scripting support is available for a
fee by calling (800) 950-2442.

-30-

Apple, the Apple logo, and Macintosh are registered trademarks and System 7
and AppleScript are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.

EDITOR'S NOTE:  The AppleScript Scripter's Guide, which lists all scriptable
applications, is available by contacting Cindy Cooper of Cunningham
Communication, Inc. at AppleLink address:  CCI.Calif.  If you are interested
in receiving Apple releases via fax, call (800) AAPL-FAX and enter I.D.
number 6172.

END


Transmitted:  93-12-13 12:28:54 EST

Date:         Tue, 01 Oct 91 11:30:49 +0100
From: Karl Pottie <GHGAQA0%BLEKUL11.BITNET@forsythe.stanford.edu>
Subject:      deskwriter cartridge refill



This text describes how to refill your Deskwriter or DeskJet ink cartridges.
It is a summary of experiences by different people. This text has been
posted to the mac archives before, but it was deleted. I repost this
article on multiple request.

1) Why to refill your cartridges ?
----------------------------------

Deskwriter cartridges are pretty expensive. But there is a quick and easy
way to refill your cartridges yourself

2) Why not to refill your cartridges ?
--------------------------------------

So far I have never heard of anybody damaging his deskwriter by refilling
cartridges. But HP doesn't recommend it.
Also, the new HP ink is more 'water proof' than any kind of refill. So if
need more or less waterproof print-out, you'll need to stick to HP.

3) When to refill ?
-------------------

As soon as you notice your cartridge is running dry (printout becomes faint,
lines are missing ...) you should refill your cartridge. It's better not
to let the cartridge run completely dry, and you should certainly not let
an empty cartridge sit on a shelf for some time before you refill. Some
people systematically add ink to their cartridges to ensure it never runs
dry.

4) How many times can your refill ?
-----------------------------------

After a number of refills, the printing nozzles become blocked by dirt and
the refill will not longer work. Usually you can expect about 3 to 5 refills.
I've been told that the thermal-pulse resistors in the jet
mechanisms will tend to wear out after 5 refills or so... this will lead
to dots that don't print.  [If you run the printer self-test, the
printer controller runs a test-pattern, and will actually print the jet
number of any jet-resistor that's not drawing the appropriate amount of
current... so you can tell the difference between a clog, and a jet
problem such as a burned-out resistor or a dirty contact pad.]


5) Which ink to use ?
---------------------

Sheaffers's Skrip Jet Black ink seems to please most people. Alternative:
Park Quinck Permanent Black.But any water-soluable ink should do.
NEVER ever use india ink, because this uses solid suspended particles which
almost immediately clog up the nozzles.
Print-out is generally a bit less sharp than original HP ink, because the ink
spreads out more. It also takes a bit longer to dry. Smuding is worse
than the new HP ink.

6) How to refill ?
------------------

* always remove the cartridge from the printer
* be sure to place some cloth on the surface where you refill , in case of
  leakage.
* get a syringe with a needle of about 4cm long.
* fill the syringe with about 10cc of ink (less if you refill systematically).
* the cartridge contains a sponge ink reservoir.Insert the syringe into the air
  hole on top of the cartridge (in the green arrow) You should make sure the
  needle penetrates the sponge as deep as possible (about 4 cm).Make sure
  you do not block the air-hole completely.
  Do not try to refill by just injecting some ink on top of the sponge. You
  should always penetrate the sponge !!!! All difficulties experienced
  while refilling seem to originate from trying to let the ink
  soak in from above.
* SLOWLY fill the cartridge. If ink starts leaking, stop filling.
* put cartridge back into printer and run the priming cycle.

7) Professional refill kits
---------------------------

Some companies offer professional refill kits. Usually these are a kind
of accordian-like syringe with an injection tube of the correct length
which contain enough ink for one refill. These refills are usually quite
expensive, and the question remains if the ink they contain is any better
than fountain pen ink.
You could buy a professional kit once, and use the empty kit
to refill the cartridges with fountain pen ink.This way you always inject
the right amount of ink, at the right 'depth'.


8) miscellaneous notes
----------------------
   Hewlett Packard recommends that the ink cartridges NOT be
   recharged for the following reasons:
1.  Fountain pen ink dries with a crust, clogging up the jets.  This
    would obviously result in erratic performance.  This crusting
    will also contribute to a clogging of the priming tube.  Without
    a properly functioning priming tube, the cartridge's jets will not
    have the opportunity to clear themselves prior to a print job,
    resulting in erratic operation.  [note that the Hewlett Packard
    ink also crusts...also, the alleged special ink from HP is not
    available for purchase]
2.  The clogging will also leave deposits on the special "wipe"
    platform which cleans the cartridge as it travels across.
3.  More than likely, DeskJets found with these deposits will have
    voided warranties.

I have been told by a fellow netter that some ink manufacturers
incorporate cyanide into their ink.  I presume that this is done
to inhibit microbial growth so as to improve the shelf life of
the product.  Given that the DeskWriter cartridge mechanism works
essentially as an atomizer, the possibility exists that the
cyanide concentration in a small enclosed room could reach poten-
tially dangerous levels.  Therefore, one should be most cautious
when selecting the type of waterproof ink for re-inking these
cartridges.  I strongly recommend that you call the ink manufac-
turer to find out if they use cyanide in their ink preparation.
If not, you should at least ventilate the room in which the
printing is done.


Thanks to everybody who helped me collect this info !!!

Karl Pottie

Date: Tue, 11 May 1993 11:11:51 -0500 
From: David Ruby <daver@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu>
Subject: Mac-Types-6a.txt 

Here is a semi-complete list of the various Macintosh models in the world 
as of February 1993.  I've changed the format a little, and the next version
will have to change again, but it is still readable and has more 
information than the version I posted in October.  This is version 6a.

David Ruby                                 daver@uiuc.edu   
CCSO Network Support                       University of Illinois

---------cut here-------------


      DAVER'S MONGO LIST OF MAC FACTS AS OF FEBRUARY 1993
name    CPU RAM:      slots    video      snd    drive adb            foot
        FPU mn-mx bnk      ROM on  extern    sys in ex    lifespan    note
(68000)+---+---------+----+---+----------+--+---+-----+--+-----------+----
128    | 8  128k  -   0     64 9b  -      nM 001 SS f- 0   1/84- 4/86 H
512    | 8  512k  -   0     64 9b  -      nM 002 SS f- 0   9/84- 4/86 H
Plus   | 8  0-4   2x2 0    128 9b  -      nM 300 DS fs 0   1/86-10/90 H*
512ke  | 8  512k  -   0    128 9b  -      nM 300 DS fs 0   4/86- 3/87 H
SE     | 8  0-4   2x2 1P   256 9b  -      nM 400 DS fs 2   3/87-10/90 A*
Portab |16  1-9   na  mem  256 10a 0k?    nM 604 HD fs 1   9/89-10/91 H
Classic| 8  1-4   -   mem  512 9b  -      nM 606 HD fs 1  10/90-12/91 H*
PB100  |16  2-8   -   mod  256 9l  -      nS 608 -  fh 1  12/91-10/92 H
(68020)|---+---------+----+---+----------+--+---+-----+--+-----------+----
II     |16F 0-68  2x4 6N   256 -   -      nS 400 DS -s 1   3/87- 1/90 AI
LC     |16  2-10  1x2 1P   512 -   .25/.5 eS 606 HD -s 1  10/90- 6/92 I*
(68030)+---+---------+----+---+----------+--+---+-----+--+-----------+----
IIx    |16F 0-128 2x4 6N   256 -   -      nS 603 HD -s 2  09/88-10/90 
SE/30  |16F 0-128 2x4 1P   256 9b  -      nS 603 HD fs 2  01/89-10/91 *
IIcx   |16F 0-128 2x4 3N   256 -   -      nS 603 HD fs 2  03/89-10/90 B
IIci   |25F 0-128 2x4 3N1P 512 -   0k     nS 604 HD fs 2  09/89- 2/93 B
IIfx   |40F 0-128 2x4 6N   512 -   -      nS 605 HD -s 2  03/90-10/91 C
IIsi   |20  1-65  1x4 1P/N 512 -   0k     eS 606 HD fs 1  10/90- 2/93 
PB140  |16  2-8   na  mod. 1mb 10l -      eS 701 HD -h 1  12/91-10/92 
ClassII|16f 2-10  1x2 0    512 9b  -      eM 700 HD fs 1  12/91       *
PB170  |25F 2-8   na  mod  1mb 10a -      eS 701 HD -s 1  12/91-10/92 
LC-II  |16  4-10  1x2 1P   512 -   .25/.5 eM 700 HD -s 1  05/92       *
PB145  |25  2-8   na  mod. 1mb 10l -      eS 701 HD -h 1  09/92- 2/93  
Perf200|                 **see Classic II**               09/92       
Perf400|                 **see LC-II**                    09/92       
Perf600|32f 4-68  1x4 3N1P 512 -   .5/1mb eS 71P HD -s 2  10/92       D 
IIvi   |16f 4-68  1x4 3N1P 512 -   .5/1mb es 710 HD -s 2  Not in US   D 
IIvx   |32F 4-68  1x4 3N1P 1m? -   .5/1mb eS 710 HD -s 2  10/92       CD
Duo210 |25  4-24  na  mod. 1m? 9L  -      iM 700 -  -- 0  10/92       FG
Duo230 |33  4-24  na  mod. 1m? 9L  -      iM 700 -  -- 0  10/92       FG
DuoDock| 0f n/a   -   2N   n/a -   .5/1mb eM na  HD -s 1  10/92       
MiniDck| 0  n/a   -   2N   n/a -   512k   eM na  -  fs 1  10/92       
PB160  |25  4-14  na  mod. 1m? 10L 8bit   iS 710 HD -h 1  10/92       
PB180  |33F 4-14  na  mod. 1m? 10A 8bit   iS 710 HD -h 1  10/92       
ColClas|16f 4-10  1x2 1P   1m? 10C .25/.5 iM 710 HD -s 1   2/93       F*
LC-III |25f 4-36  1x1 1P   1m? -   .5/.75 eS 710 HD -s 1   2/93
PB165c |33F 4-14  na  mod  1m? 9p  8bit   iS 710 HD -h 1   2/93       F
(68040)+---+---------+----+---+----------+--+---+-----+--+-----------+----
Quad700|25F 4-68  1x4 2N1P 1mb -   .5-2mb eS 700 HD -s 2  12/91-02/93 CE
Quad900|25F 0-256 4x4 5N1P 1mb -   1-2mb  eS 700 HD -s 1  12/91-07/92 CE
Quad950|33F 0-256 4x4 5N1P 1mb -   1-2mb  eS 700 HD -s 1   7/92       CE 
Cent610|20  4-68  2x1 1N/P 1m? -   .5-1mb es 710 HD -s 2   2/93       CE
Cent650|25f 4-132 4x1 3N1P 1m? -   .5-1mb eS 710 HD -s 2   2/93       CE
Quad800|33F 8-136 4x1 3N1P 1m? -   .5-1mb eS 710 HD -s 2   2/93       CE
-------+---+---------+----+---+----------+--+---+-----+--+-----------+----
footnotes: 
(A) Machines built after 1988 came w/FDHD drives instead of 800k drives.
(B) the IIci's PDS slot is for cache cards. (also called cache slot)
(C) Cache is built into motherboard CPU
(D) Bus runs slower than processor 
(E) Quadras have built in Ethernet ports, Centris' have opt. ethernet ports
(F) Duo & PB165c 9" screen has 640x400 dots, Color Classic 10" has 512x384 
(G) Duo's have 1 serial port that can be used for a modem or appletalk.
(H) 68000 based machines cannot do System 7's virtual memory
(I) 68020 based machines can do virtual mem. with a PMMU upgrade.
(*) machine has a 16bit databus instead of 32bit.

KEY TO CHART:
CPU:CPU speed in Mhz.F=FPU (math coprocessor) built in,f=socket for opt.FPU 

RAM:mn=min=RAM on motherboard, mx=max=RAM w/16meg SIMMs (if possible) 
  bank=banks of memory x number of SIMMS slots per bank.

SLOTS:N=NuBus,P=processor direct (card type depends on CPU model)

VIDEO:9 & 10 refers to the diagonal measurement(in inches) of screen
  9" screen has 512x342 dots. 10" screen has 640x400 dots,
  b=Black&White built in screen, c=Color built in screen
  l=supertwist backlit LCD (b&w), L=4 bit greyscale LCD, 
  a=active matrix LCD (b&w), A=4 bit greycale active matrix LCD, 
  p=passive matrix color LCD
  .25,.5,.75,1m,etc refers to the amount of VRAM in megs 
  (min and max) avail.for external monitors. 0k means the main memory is used. 
  8bit means external video supports 256 colors (unknown VRAM)

SOUND:(snd) n=no built in recording capacity. e=has microphone jack
  i=has internal microphone, M=mono sound output 
  S=stereo output s=mono, but will play stereo sound from CD player 

ADB: # of adb (keyboard) ports

SYS: minimum system needed (ex  608=6.0.8, 710=7.1, 701=7.0.1)

DRIVES:(drv) in=type of floppy drive included with machine. SS=only reads   
  single sided disks.DS=drive also reads double sided disks.HD=also reads 1.4 
  meg mac disks,as well as IBM disks. 
  ex=external disk drive ports,f=floppy,s=25 pin scsi port,h=HDI-30 pin scsi

LIFESPAN: Most of the dates come from a chart in MacUser.  The newer
  machine's start dates refer to the approximate announcement time.

misc. notes and oddities:

Items with question marks (?) indicate that I've heard this to be true,
but have no official apple document to prove it's true and can't actually
verify it myself.  Feel free to correct me on these items anytime.

The sound info will now be based on actual tests of stereo out as opposed
to the official apple sales babble.  (Haven't heard about new models, though)

New SIMM types have arrived, but I haven't figured out how to incorporate
that into the table.  Soon hopfully.

I think this format stretches the limits of an ascii table.  Any suggestions?
I'm considering moving the floppy drive info into a footnote.

Thanks to everybody at the University of Illinois and the readers of
comp.sys.mac.hardware who helped out.

I intend to keep this list current as well as to fill in the blanks, 
so please send any info or suggestions to me at daver@uiuc.edu 
David Ruby February 18, 1993 (vers 6a)

Date: Wed, 10 Aug 1994 09:11:50 -0400 (EDT)
From: Edwin Chee <echee@isnet.is.wfu.edu>
Subject: Macintosh Disk Cache fix -- 25 times speedup

Below is an interesting thread on making the Macintosh Disk Cache much 
more efficient with a simple hack.  Stuart Cheshire has written a simple, 
useful system extension that he is distributing as freeware.  I would 
welcome any discussion on his idea particularly regarding data integrity, 
reliability, stability, and efficiency.  Also, does anyone have any 
ideas on how to improve on his program?  If his modification to the write 
cache is really as good as I suspect, I would hope that Apple would 
include this in their next version of the Mac OS.

Please forward replies to echee@isnet.is.wfu.edu and I will compile a 
complete record of this thread and distribute it at a later date.


==================================================================


Here's a message I posted on Thursday to the Nuntius mailing list:

 -----------------------------------------------------------------

Has anyone else noticed that at the end of extracting a binary in
Nuntius the disk light comes on, stays on for a few seconds, and
freezes the Mac for that duration? It gets unbearable if you have
a large disk cache, but even with only a 256K cache it can freeze
the Mac for up to 5 seconds.

This is not the fault of Nuntius -- many other programs like BinHex
decoders, uudecoders, archive expanders etc. seem to suffer the same
problem.

This really annoys me. One of the good features of Nuntius is the way
it lets you continue working while it is doing other things in the
background, so having it freeze like this is particularly galling.

The problem is that Nuntius (and other programs) write their data to
disk in chunks (say 4K each) and the Mac caches the blocks in its
disk cache. When the file is closed the data is finally written to disk,
and this is what causes the big freeze up. It would be much better if
the data were written continually to disk, instead of in one big burst
at the end.

Yesterday morning I wrote a little INIT which sets the File Manager
"don't cache" bit for disk writes of 1K or more. It does this by
installing the following patch on the _Write system call:

                 tst.w   IOParam.ioRefNum(a0)         ; Is this a file write?
                 bmi.s   @sys_write
                 cmp.l   #1024, IOParam.ioReqCount(a0); Is it at leask 1K?
                 blo.s   @sys_write
                 ori.w   #0x20, IOParam.ioPosMode(a0) ; Set "Don't cache" bit
extern sys_write:jmp     0x12345678                   ; Resume the system 
call

One surprising artifact of this is that it not only amortises the disk
time over all the writes, but it also makes it 25 times faster.

What?

Yes, it's true.

I set my disk cache to 768K, and wrote a test program which wrote to a
file in 32 blocks of 16K each, making a total of 512K.

Without the INIT, the writes took almost no time, but the Close call
took 11 seconds, averaging about 45K/second write rate.

With the INIT, the whole thing took under half a second, averaging
over a megabyte per second.

Go figure.

This may not make much difference to people connecting over modem, but
for people on Ethernet it makes a huge difference.

The INIT is below, in BinHex form. Decode it, install it, and let me
know what you think.

It has no ICON, because the total size of the INIT (including balloon
help) is just under 1K, and it seemed a pity to spoil that with a big
fat colour icon. (Besides, I couldn't be bothered to draw one.)

 -----------------------------------------------------------------

Here is one reply I got, which proves I wasn't hallucinating:

>> From: joanna@mail.utexas.edu (Joanna L. Castillo)
>> Subject: Re: Long Mac freezes with Nuntius (and other program)
>>
>> Hi, Stuart -
>>
>> >Yesterday morning I wrote a little INIT  [ ... ]
>>
>> Wow!  I installed the INIT... I tried copying a folder that had several
>> files and sub-folders (a little over 900K total) to a floppy.  With the
>> Wow!  I installed the INIT... I tried copying a folder that had several
>> files and sub-folders (a little over 900K total) to a floppy.  With the
>> INIT installed, it took about 30 seconds.  Without, it took 2 minutes.
>> Thank you so much.
>>
>> Joanna.
>>
>> FYI:  I'm running a Mac IIci, 24MB RAM, cache card, ethernet, tuned
>>       7.0.1 system, several inits, and disk cache set at 512K.

I'll post the source code for the INIT, and the test program, to a
separate thread. This INIT itself is below.

Stuart Cheshire <cheshire@cs.stanford.edu>
 * <A HREF="file://brubeck.stanford.edu/www/cheshire-bio.html">WWW</A>
 * Stanford Distributed Systems Group Research Assistant
 * Escondido Village Resident Computer Coordinator
 * Macintosh Programmer

(This file must be converted with BinHex 4.0)

:$&GbDA4P9'KbEh9RD!"*6NP89h*8D!!!!!!!!!!!!rJBk3!!!!!"!!!!!i8!!!+
&!!!!F`!)6Ud!3Le!!!`-J!#!!!"M"(!!B%)-VJ!!1TJ!$'3S$&GbDA4P9'KbEh9
RD&S#!!!!58j*9&Gb9'J"!2rrrrm!!%P1594AFP4S!3$rrrrr!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!UFK3'J!!!!!!!!2i!)!!!'-'F!"J!!$L)!aQ$#m(6VVr(PL2B!!!dNU
(CJi[$%kk!0"BMh!!B!!!`!J(!!"R!P+()%a`!$!J4N"Q!U!K9B!X!,b(Ba3U"`b
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:

Date: Sun, 1 May 1994 21:26:19 -0600
From: lohrentz@macc.wisc.edu (David Lohrentz)
Subject: Edu-Shareware-for-kids.txt



--========================_15749004==_
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This is the initial posting of a guide to educational shareware for
children ages 2-12.  A great deal of educational free/shareware for kids is
available on the internet, with more appearing all the time.  However, not
all of it will meet the needs of individual parents and educators.
Moreover, these sources are scattered in various locations.  Parents and
educators could more easily benefit from these freeware and shareware
educational sources if they knew what they were looking for and where to
find it.  The purpose of this guide is to make educational free/shareware
on the internet more accessible by reviewing recommended shareware sources,
and showing where to find them.  I think it should be posted in
/info/software.
--
David Lohrentz
lohrentz@macc.wisc.edu



--========================_15749004==_
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="Edu-Shareware-for-kids.txt"

          **GUIDE TO CHILDREN'S EDUCATIONAL SHAREWARE FOR THE MAC**

David Lohrentz
Internet address:  lohrentz@macc.wisc.edu
1 May 1994.

Distribution:  Please share this document with others and feel free to post
it freely.  However, do NOT distribute a modified or incomplete portion of
this document.

Disclaimers: I represent nobody but myself.  I am not responsible for
problems,  damages, or dissatisfaction with software mentioned in this
document.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Introduction
  Purpose of this Guide
  Intended Audience for this Guide
  Review Criteria
  Reviews of Recommended shareware
  List of Sources
     Info-mac
     Umich
     Other
     Places to browse
  Bibliography and Resources


INTRODUCTION
This document is a guide to children's educational freeware and shareware
for the Macintosh.  While searching for educational software for my own
children, I discovered the helpful document K-5 Edu. Software Guide
(Info-mac: /info/Software/k-5-ed-software-guide.hqx).  However, this
document only reviews commercial software.  After finding a number of
educational freeware and shareware sources I realized that I ought to share
what I  had found with others.  Thus, I decided to put this guide together.
I realize that this is not an exhaustive list.  If you know of other
sources not listed here or would like to review educational free/shareware
not yet reviewed here, please email your information to me at
lohrentz@macc.wisc.edu.

PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDE
A great deal of educational free/shareware for kids is available on the
internet, with more appearing all the time.  However, not all of it will
meet the needs of individual parents and educators.  Moreover, these
sources are scattered in various locations.  Parents and educators could
more easily benefit from these educational sources if they knew what they
were looking for and where to find it.  The purpose of this guide is to
make educational free/shareware on the internet more accessible by
reviewing recommended shareware, and showing where to find it.

INTENDED AUDIENCE FOR THIS GUIDE
This guide is for parents and educators with Macintosh computers who would
like to acquire educational freeware and shareware for children ages 2-12.
The sources in this document will be of use to those with internet access
and the ability to download files from archive sites by ftp.  If you
already have internet access but do not know how to download, decompress or
debinhex files, please ask a friend who is a computer dweeb, read a book on
the internet, or attend a seminar on the internet.  PLEASE DO NOT EMAIL ME
WITH A REQUEST FOR HELP DOWNLOADING OR DE-BINHEXING FILES.  If you do not
have an email account with access to the internet, this document will be of
little use to you.

REVIEW CRITERIA

The user interface for children's educational software should have the
following characteristics:  simple for a child to operate without adult
supervision, quick responses, clear sound where appropriate, color
graphics, and above all should be challenging but lively and entertaining
(K-5 Ed. Software Guide; see sources at end of this document).  Hypercard
stacks which lack color constitute a significant percentage of the
available educational shareware.

Educational software should foster creativity, problem solving, positive
self-esteem, and the "whole language" approach to learning.  Quite frankly,
I am disappointed that so much educational software emphasizes rote memory
and a fragmented approach to learning (for example, memorizing spelling of
words or numbers out of context).  I don't recommend software that merely
strives to assist children to memorize letters, addition or multiplication
tables.

REVIEWS OF RECOMMENDED SHAREWARE:
Listed alphabetically.  I hope to gradually add more reviews.

ANIMALS+SOUND
Info-mac: /app/animals-n-sound.hqx
Target Ages: 1.5-4
freeware/shareware fee: free

Each card in Animals+sound is a picture of an animal which when clicked
moves or makes the appropriate sound.  I recommend this for a young child
new to the Mac, esp. for those with black & white Macs.  My three year old
child learned to use a mouse with this stack, but lost interest after she
became familiar with it.

BETTER U.S. MAP
Umich: /hypercard/education/betterusmap2.0a.cpt.hqx
author:  Terry Spivey, 3809 Blackberry Lane, Lexington, KY 40514-1537
Target Ages: 6-10
freeware/shareware fee: $4
Current versions: demo 2.0a; shareware 2.3b

The main view of B.U.S.M. shows a map of all 50 US states.  In the
registered version, B.U.S.M. speaks the name of the state when clicked and
shows the name of the state and the state nickname on screen.  Option
clicking shows census data and official state birds, songs, etc.  Command
clicking zooms in on the state.  Three quizzes are available in the
registered version.  The online version is a demo; it lacks sound and other
key features available in the shareware version.

CANADA MAP GAME
Info-mac: /Game/canada-map-game-hc.hqx
Target Ages: 8 up
freeware/shareware fee: free

Canada Map game is a geography quiz on the locations of Canadian provinces
and their capitals.  It has two modes, capitals and provinces.  In either
case the player is presented with the Canadian map. Depending on the mode
the game shows the name of a province or capital on the screen and the
player is given two chances to click on the correct province.  After two
mistakes the correct province is hilited.  The lack of sound reduces the
value for early readers.  However, this is a handy tool for learning to
recognize Canadian provinces.

COLORING BOOK
Info-mac: /Game/coloring-book-201.hqx
author: Jim Allison, RR 2, Box 44, East Road, Bennington, VT 05201
Target Ages: 2-8
freeware/shareware fee: $16
Current version: 2.01
online file size: 1,180K

B. Schwomm writes, "Coloring Book [is] the slickest-looking shareware
program around; in fact it is gorgeous. . . . The pictures are very
attractive and contain surprises; for example, when you [color] the door of
the house, a door bell chime [rings].  The most current version has more of
an educational dimension. In one area, it allows you to create pictures out
of geometric shapes."  As the name implies, you need color to appreciate
Coloring Book.  When you send in the shareware fee you choose either (a) an
expanded version with twice as many coloring pages, including the new ones
with the educational dimension, or (b) a small screen version.

INIGO GETS OUT
Umich: /hypercard/education/inigo.sit.hqx
Target Ages: 2-7
freeware/shareware fee: free
Creation date: 1987
online file size: 180K

Inigo is a hypercard stack that will teach a young child to navigate with
the mouse and to explore the unknown.  Inigo, a cat, goes outside and has
exciting adventures, depending on what button is clicked.  Some cards have
multiple options; others have only one path to the next card.  Inigo has
entertainment value, especially the first several times when you have no
idea what lurks behind seemingly safe objects.

KID PIX
Info-mac:  /app/kid-pix.hqx
Target Ages: 2-7
freeware/shareware fee: free
Current version: 1.0,  1/19/90

Before you spend any money for a child's paint program you should take a
look at this early freeware version of Kid Pix.  Author Craig Hickman
writes that his three year old quickly learned to use a commercial paint
program, but got into trouble by clicking on the desktop or randomly
choosing menu items.  Although this version of Kid Pix lacks color and has
a tiny screen size, Hickman has solved the user interface problems.  My
kids really enjoy Kid Pix and manage fine on their own.

LAURA'S LETTERS
Umich: /hypercard/education/letters.sit.hqx
Target Ages:
freeware/shareware fee: free
online file size: 245K

In the opening card of this hypercard stack, Laura's Letters shows all the
letters of the alaphabet, and speaks the name of the letter when it is
clicked.  A second card shows numbers 0-9 and speaks their name when
clicked.  Subsequent cards show words with an appropriate picture and speak
the individual letters in the word when clicked.  This is the best freeware
letter teaching tool I have seen so far.

MY LITTLE KITCHEN
Info-mac: /Game/my-little-kitchen-hc.hqx
online file size: 584K
Target Ages: 3-8
freeware/shareware fee: free

My little kitchen is a hypercard stack full of surprises, including an
Easter Egg hunt.  It will teach a child to explore, and it does have
entertainment value.  The hypercard format will make it seem rather dull
when placed next to slick graphics on a color monitor.  Yet, it does seem
to have real kid appeal.

SOUND MATCH
Info-mac: /game/sound-match-10.hqx
author: Bob Uskali, 1504 Coventry Rd., Schaumburg, IL 60195
Target Ages: 4 up
shareware fee: $5
Current version: 1.0

Sound Match is "like a traditional matching game, except that you hear
sounds rather than see pictures. Many of the sounds are similar to one
another--for example, guitar riffs with different rhythms. . . By playing
this game with my son, I've found that both of us are becoming more
discriminating listeners"  (B. Schwomm.)  Young children may become
frustrated at the difficulty, due to the large number of sounds (24 pairs).
And the computer opponent either chooses randomly (when set to easy
opponent) or remembers everything (challenging opponent).  Still, the
sounds are high quality and the interface is slick.  I recommend Sound
Match.

WORD FIND
Info-mac: /Game/word-find-10.hqx
Target Ages: 6-10
freeware/shareware fee: free
Current version: 1.0

Word Find automates the creation of word find puzzles with the words hidden
among rows and columns of letters.  Word Find provides settings for fonts,
level of difficulty,  show answers, puzzle size, and "teacher mode" so that
a title and name blank can be added.  The interface is simple for an adult,
but difficult for an early reader or Mac novice.  Those who enjoy puzzles
will like Word Find.  Word Find is nearly identical to an older (1989)
freeware puzzle, Word Search (Umich: /game/board/wordsearch.cpt.hqx), which
still works fine on my Mac.


LIST OF SOURCES
=46ollowing is a list of freeware and shareware Macintosh educational
sources, some of which are reviewed above.  Most can be found at one or
both of the two major Macintosh archives, Info-mac and Umich.  The main
archives are often impossible to access because of the large number of
users.  However, these archives have several mirrors with less traffic.  If
you can't log in anonymously, try a different mirror.  Several mirrors are
listed below.  Using gopher to download files also minimizes internet
overload.

SOURCES AT THE INFO-MAC ARCHIVE
Use an info-mac mirror such as:
ftp.hawaii.edu: /mirrors/info-mac
grind.isca.uiowa.edu: /mac/infomac
ftp.funet.fi: /pub/mac/info-mac

/app/animals-n-sound.hqx
/app/kid-pix.hqx
/app/preschool-primer-10-hc.hqx
/Game/alphabet-bee.hqx
/game/andys-letters-10.hqx
/Game/canada-map-game-hc.hqx
/game/coloring-book-201.hqx
/Game/creepin-critter-math-hc.hqx
/Game/find-the-missing-word-12.hqx
/Game/first-lessons-in-math-15.hqx
/Game/first-lessons-of-multiplication-10.hqx
/Game/hungry-frog-counting-eaters-20.hqx
/Game/hungry-frog-equation-eaters-21.hqx
/Game/hungry-frog-integer-eaters-20.hqx
/Game/hungry-frog-ion-eaters-21.hqx
/Game/math-20.hqx
/Game/math-bee-12.hqx
/Game/math-school-12.hqx
/Game/math-stars.hqx
/Game/my-little-kitchen-hc.hqx
/game/sound-match-10.hqx
/Game/talking-spelling-bee-25.hqx
/Game/word-find-10.hqx

SOURCES AT THE UMICH ARCHIVE
Use a mirror such as:
wuarchive.wustl.edu:systems/mac/umich.edu
src.doc.ic.ac.uk:packages/mac/umich

/hypercard/education/alphabet2.02.cpt.hqx
/hypercard/education/betterusmap2.0a.cpt.hqx
/hypercard/education/dinosaurs.sit.hqx
/hypercard/education/erniethebat.sit.hqx
/hypercard/education/inigo.sit.hqx
/hypercard/education/inigobath.sit.hqx
/hypercard/education/fingerspel.sit.hqx
/hypercard/education/letters.sit.hqx
/game/board/wordsearch.cpt.hqx
/misc/astronomy/planetfacts1.6.sit.hqx
/util/organization/timeteacher1.1d1.cpt.hqx

OTHER SOURCES
crab.rutgers.edu:pub/mac/hypercard/storybook.hqx
crab.rutgers.edu:pub/mac/hypercard/louie-toons.hqx
anarres.cs.berkeley.edu:pub/ucblogo/ucblogo.sea
Space Station (a guide to the universe) email to: DRLIT@vax1.mankato.msus.ed=
u

PLACES TO BROWSE:
US Department of Education's gopher at gopher.ed.gov
Umich archives:  /hypercard/education

Thanks for reviews and helpful suggestions:  Barbara Shwom and Roger L.
Rainwater.

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND RESOURCES
K-5 Edu. Software Guide
Info-mac: /info/Software/k-5-ed-software-guide.hqx
A guide to commercial software and discussion of issues in selecting
software for children.  Highly recommended.

Goodman, K. S., Bird, L. B., & Goodman, Y. M. (1991). The Whole Language
Catalog. Santa Rosa, CA: American School Publishers.
A guide to the whole language approach to learning.

Doyle, Claire. (1988). Creative Applications of Computer Assisted Reading
and Writing Instruction. Journal of Reading. Dec 1988.
Argues that most software specifically designed to be educational in fact
inhibits creativity and real learning.  Doyle suggests that educators
should make more use of word processors, databases, and spreadsheets which
allow for unstructured, creative learning.  She encourages the following
activities:  writing letters and electronic mail; writing journals; writing
stories; free play with word processing; chain writing with others; using
spreadsheets or databases to categorize objects.

National Home & School Macintosh User Group
"a nonprofit corporation and Apple=AE registered user group with
international membership. The group promotes the entertainment and
educational qualities of the Macintosh=AE by offering support for game
enthusiasts, educators, parents introducing their kids to computers, and
shareware authors seeking convenient distribution of their software
worldwide. The bimonthly disk-based magazine, Home & School Mac=81, publishe=
d
by group, fills a niche that the corporate oriented magazines neglect."
Each issue contains 100-150 pages of reviews and info plus 1200K of newly
released game and educational shareware.  Annual membership:  North America
$15; other $21.
     National Home & School MUG
     Post Office Box 640641
     Kenner, LA 70064  USA
     70521.1327@compuserve.com



--========================_15749004==_--

Date: Wed, 5 Oct 1994 13:13:47 +0100
From: Joerg.Schaeffer@nestroy.wu-wien.ac.at (Joerg Schaeffer)
Subject: [!] My roundup on Macintosh Security Software (11K)

Hello to everyone.

First of all I would like to apologise if you receive more than one copy of
this mail due to my crosspost. And then sorry that it has taken me so long
to finish this round up, but I am quite a busy student and had a lot of
exams... Well lets get to it.

Some time ago I was looking for a Macintosh security package to do
the following features:
-----------------------

>         * let me lock the System folder with a password
>         * let me create separate protected folders for users on each machine
>         * be compatible with 030 and 040 Macs (Performa 450 and 475 mainly)
>         * be compatible with AtEase 2.0 (if possible!)
>         * allow a user to access his protected folder over an
>              Appletalk network via Personal FileSharing
>         * be easy to use for the users (and not too tough to set up for me :)
>         * be compatible with most (if not all) standard apps


Here are the responses I got:
-----------------------------

Davin Jeayes of HiRes <HI.RES@AppleLink.Apple.COM> wrote:

>24 August 1994
>From:  Davin Jeayes, Technical Support
>Re:  MacPrefect
>
>Thank you for contacting us with your questions. Below I have answered some of
>your questions regarding MacPrefect. The other information you requested we
>would prefer to send to you by normal mail. If you could let us have your
>postal address we would be pleased to send this information.
>
>Locking the system folder - MacPefect allows the administrator to "Lock"
>certain areas of the hard disk including the system folder. This does not
>include password access but does render the system folder completely write
>protected to users. They cannot save/created files/folders in these areas. Also
>MacPrefect allows you to restrict access to any or all of the Control Panels.
>
>Protected folders for users - The best way to implement this is by having a
>folder for each user on the server. In this way users can only gain access to
>their own folder, and thay can also access their folder from any machine on the
>network.
>
>MacPrefect is fully compatible with ALL Macintosh models currently on the
>market, from the MacPlus to the PowerMacintosh range.
>
>MacPrefect is compatible with all standard apps on the market including AtEase
>2.0.
>
>Users find MacPrefect very easy to use and install.
>
>I hope these have answered your main questions; please get back to us with your
>address along with any other questions you might have.

I have to add to this that they sent me an evaluation copy within one week
of my inquiry by express mail!

Richard Schulte  <rschulte@tenet.edu> recommended "FoolProof".

Jeanne Stroh <JSTROH@CUDNVR.DENVER.COLORADO.EDU> wrote the following:

>My favorite security software for the Mac is FoolProof.  I tested version 1 in
>February and loved it.  Version 2 just came out and I believe it will do
>everything you want.  A site license is $589.
>Contact:
>Educational Resources
>1550 Executive Drive
>Elgin, IL 60123  USA
>1-800-624-2926
>
>You can also contact someone at SmartStuff Software (the company that makes the
>software):
>Brian Chapin
>SmartStuff Software
>Tel: (503) 231-4300
>Fax: (503) 231-4334
>bchapin@CERF.NET

Geert Jan Bex <gjb@luc.ac.be> wrote:

>I set up FileGuard (ASD Software, sorry, I don't have their address) for a
>member of the staff of our department, and he hasn't complained yet.
>Compatibility seems to be very good (Except with some system 6 typing
>teaching software). The people at the computer center use it to protect a
>lab of Macs for students. I will forward your message to them, they should
>be able to give you more feedback regarding Appleshare features. Maybe you
>will even receive a message from them before the second (or first) coming
>;-)

"Alan Florance" <a_florance@mac.co.umist.ac.uk> wrote:

>  REGARDING           Security/Protecting your Mac
>I would recommend using MacPrefect, MacVisa  from Hi Resolution
>depending on your requirements, I use these in a student lab and they save
>no end of problems.
>
>I have no connection with the company apart from as a customer.
>See info below:-
>[commercial parts deleted]
>Contact Information
>==================
>Matt Warder - Customer Liaison Manager
>Hi Resolution Ltd
>England
>Tel & Fax: +44 (0)892 891 291
>AppleLink: HI.RES
>Internet: HI.RES@AppleLink.Apple.Com

Edmund Chambers <echamber@sdcs.k12.ca.us> wrote:

>I recommend a program called "FolderBolt"  It does all of the things that
>you wished. You might also look into one called "FoolProof" which does some
>things you probably hadn't thought of.
>
>FolderBolt sets up passwords for any and all folders if desired.  It
>prompts for password upon opening folder.  I think it will work over
>AppleTalk as well.
>
>FoolProof prevents changes to the Mac Desktop and system environments.  It
>can disable all control panels (unless given proper pswd of course).  It
>can force users to save to a disk or any given folder.  It can also disable
>things like "shift-command-3" and holding down the "shift" key at startup
>to prevent those smart kids from tweeking anything.
>
>FolderBolt works well except for the occasional (and apparently random)
>problem with being denied access priviliges.  The admin disk that comes
>with it has never failed to correct the problem thought.  Be sure to
>dis-enable FolderBolt before using a remote installer like GraceLan.  We
>installed new printer extensions on our 50 Macs over ethernet and after
>apparently installing correctly, we discovered that it hadn't.  Even after
>all of this, I still recomment FolderBolt.
>
>If either of you find another program that works, please point me in the
>right direction.

Gary van der Werf of SmartStuff Corp. < Gary_Vander\<@smartstuff.com >
[Attention: This From: Adress did NOT work with my mailer!] wrote:

>We have three companion security products for the Macintosh - FoolProof ( our
>main stand-alone security program), UnderCover, and ScreenPlay - which, when
>used together in various options, provide easy to use but very effective
>security for protecting the Mac without covering the desktop. The mailed
>information will provide you with details.
>
>You would not want to use FoolProof with AtEase. We protect the desktop by
>allowing access to it, with you - the teacher - controlling  the level of
>security through control options which dictate what the student can or cannot
>do. AtEase covers the desktop, does not allow access to the finder. We are
>proud of FoolProof providing the necessary security without denying the user
>the appropriate interface with the Macintosh.

and then he sent me another mail:

>I am sending you information on our three security products, which should
>answer most if not all your security needs. If you buy our software, I do not
>think you should continue use of AtEase, since it covers the desktop, and our
>software is designed to protect the desktop without covering it.
>
>Also, our security is provided by preventing dragging, renaming, trashing,
>and disenabling selected features (get info, control panels, etc), not by
>"locking" users out of applications, folders, etc. FoolProof is designed to
>provide the level of security you need (those which you Select).
>
>We are distributing eval kits only through international distributors. We are
>currently negotiating with several distributors in Europe but have not
>designated one, thus are unable to send out evaluation kits. We would be
>happy at this point to sell a single copy ($39 plus shipping and handling) if
>you wish. Please let us know.
>
>Meanwhile, I am sending written information on our three security programs
>plus pricing. Sincerely,
>
>Gary van der Werf

Unfortunately I have NOT received the written info yet (it has already
taken more than 1 1/2 months. Your mileage might vary.

CONCLUSION:
-----------

I found HiRes' marketing department to be very responsive and friendly.
After testing the evaluation copy, I decided to order from them and I am
quite happy until now. Unfortunately other companies have not been as
forthcoming and helpful as HiRes...

MacPrefect lets me lock the System and Applications folders, which saves
administrators at lot of hassles. Harddisks can also be "locked" so that a
restart with a system floppy disk will not enable users to alter anything.

However I found some slight disadvantages:
MacPrefect works together with At Ease 2.0, but the "System Folder" locking
feature will not allow you or your users to change their At Ease passwords
unless the administator unlocks the System folder.

Furthermore users will not be able to trash damaged preferences files on
their own. Again, the administator will have to unlock the System folder
and do so.

Still I really like MacPrefect.

I think it will be most useful in computer lab settings, but you can also
use it to protect desktop Macs against system modifications et al.

I decided against using:
------------------------

FolderBolt - because my predecessor had had a lot of problems with it,
including locking folders that couldn't be unlocked anymore.

DiskLock - for the same reasons and a rather clumsy interface.

FileGuard - because it exceeded our needs by far.

FoolProof - because I did not get any information from the publishers and
they were not willing to send me an evaluation copy.

DISCLAIMER:
-----------

All opinions are purely personal. I have no connection to any mentioned
company except as a (satisfied) customer. Your mileage concerning different
companies may vary (also depending on whether you are in the US or not.)


Thanks must go to everyone who has contributed to this little research.
I hope it will help you in your efforts to make your Macs safer.

Regards from Vienna
Joerg


--_______________________________________________________________________
Joerg SCHAEFFER               |    EMAIL: Joerg.Schaeffer@wu-wien.ac.at
Macintosh Support for OeH WU  |   Yes, it's me. Yo, I'm "JJJ" on IRC :-)
Standard disclaimers apply    |  "An APPLE a day keeps BIG BLUE away..."

9-May-89 15:25:56-GMT,18703;000000000000
Return-Path: <mjohnson@apple.com>
Received: from apple.com by sumex-aim.stanford.edu (4.0/inc-1.0)
	id AA27869; Tue, 9 May 89 08:25:56 PDT
Received: by apple.com (5.59/25-eef)
	id AA23034; Tue, 9 May 89 08:24:34 PDT
	for info-mac@sumex-aim.stanford.edu
Date: Tue, 9 May 89 08:24:34 PDT
From: Mark B. Johnson <mjohnson@apple.com>
Message-Id: <8905091524.AA23034@apple.com>
To: info-mac@sumex-aim.stanford.edu, macworkers@rascal.ics.utexas.edu
Subject: System 7.0 disclosure

System Software Directions Overview

On May 9, 1989, Apple will disclose future system software plans 
to third-party developers attending the annual World-Wide 
Developer's Conference.  The disclosures will cover the core 
technologies under development for inclusion in the next major 
Macintosh System Software release, System 7.0.

The purpose of the disclosure is to ensure that developers have 
the time and information necessary to capitalize on the new 
features and functionality of System 7.0.  By doing this, we 
believe that many new, more powerful applications will be 
available at the time System 7.0 is introduced.  We will also take 
this opportunity to hold an informal press seminar to begin 
educating the media on Macintosh System Software.

Below is an overview of the core feature set planned for System 
7.0.  While it's still too early in the development cycle to 
announce a customer availability plan or introduction date, we 
will begin seeding developers with code in the fall.  As we make 
further progress on System 7.0, we will provide additional 
details.


System Software Release Strategy

In early 1989, Apple announced a new system software release 
strategy to accommodate the varying needs of current users, new 
customers and Macintosh developers.  We now break our system 
software into two release categories: Product Support Releases and 
Feature Releases.

Product Support Releases are developed to support a new CPU, 
peripheral or networking product.  Generally, these releases are 
for buyers of newly introduced products and should not concern 
current owners.

Feature releases are major enhancements to the system software 
foundation that we encourage all users to adopt.  They 
significantly enhance the capabilities of the Macintosh and add 
substantial value to the installed base.  System 7.0 will be a 
Feature release.


System 7.0 Goals

The primary goal of System 7.0 is to extend the user's reach.  
System 7.0 demonstrates Apple's commitment to add value to the 
installed base and to create new reasons to buy Macintosh.  The 
new System 7.0 features will extend the capabilities of the 
Macintosh using the consistent and intuitive techniques with which 
users are already familiar.


System 7.0 Core Technologies:

Virtual Memory and 32-Bit Addressing

Virtual Memory extends the user's available memory by 
transparently treating the hard disk as additional RAM.  This 
allows users to run more and larger applications with less RAM.  
Because Virtual Memory requires a memory management unit, it will 
only benefit 68030 Macintosh systems (SE/30, IIcx, IIx), and 68020 
systems with a PMMU (Macintosh II systems with optional 68851 
PMMU).

32 Bit addressing will allow Macintosh computers to access 4 
gigabytes of memory.  Combined with Virtual Memory, 32 Bit 
Addressing will enable customers to take full advantage of more 
sophisticated, memory intensive applications.


InterApplication Communication Architecture (IAC)

The IAC architecture is an integrated application-to-application 
communications framework that will allow applications to exchange 
data and instructions on a single Macintosh or over a network.


Outline Fonts

Outline Fonts will provide users with sharp text at any size on 
any Macintosh display, printer, fax modem or other graphics 
peripherals.  Further, leading type manufacturers have already 
announced that they will support Apple's technology; this means 
that users will be able to select from thousands of new typefaces 
in the future.


Layout Manager

The Layout Manager will provide typographic quality text layout 
for all applications.  The layout manager will allow any 
application to offer advanced text positioning features including 
kerning, ligatures and contextual forms.


New Print Architecture

The New Print Architecture will result in a wider variety of high-
quality printing devices for the Macintosh.  In addition, the New 
Print Architecture will provide background printing for all types 
of printers, improved color and halftone printing, and better user 
control over printing.


Database Access

Database Access will provide Macintosh applications with access to 
remote databases so that users can integrate host data into their 
documents.


New Finder

A new version of the Finder that will make system operation 
easier, more intuitive and more powerful.


Runs on all Macintosh Computers!

System 7.0 will run on all Macintosh systems from the Plus to the 
IIx.  It will however, require a minimum of 2 megabytes of RAM.  
Because System 7.0 will significantly increase the functionality 
and usability of all Macintosh computers, we will strongly 
encourage all customers to upgrade.  Apple will move the entire 
product line to System 7.0.

During the transition, Apple will continue to ship one megabyte 
configurations with System 6.0.  Apple expects to continue to 
offer an attractive low-end product with System 7.0.  Apple will 
provide technical support for both System 6.0 and System 7.0.


Applications Compatibility

System 7.0 is an upward compatible extension to Macintosh system 
software.  Applications that follow Apple's Inside Macintosh 
guidelines will continue to run under System 7.0.  By providing 
developers with early details concerning System 7.0, Apple expects 
a smooth transition to the new software.


What Should Users Do Now

Nothing!  System 7.0 will run on any Macintosh Plus, SE, SE/30, or 
Macintosh II family member.  In fact, because System 7.0 will 
offer substantially improved functionality, it will add 
significant value to the entire installed base.System 7.0 will be 
instrumental in extending the capabilities of the Macintoshand the 
reach of the user.


Summary

Concerning this announcement, the key messages are:

  *   Apple is disclosing information about the core technologies
      under development for inclusion in the next major Macintosh
      System Software release, System 7.0.  Apple is doing this to
      enable developers to take advantage of the System 7.0
      functionality as soon as System 7.0 is released.

  *   Later this year Apple will announce the complete System 7.0
      feature set and customer availability plans.  Developers
      will begin receiving seed software in the fall.

  *   System 7.0 demonstrates Apple's commitment to add value to
      the installed base and to create new reasons to buy
      Macintosh.  The new System 7.0 features will extend the
      capabilities of the Macintosh using the consistent and
      intuitive techniques with which users are already familiar.



Part II - Feature Notes

Outlined below are the core features under development for 
inclusion in System 7.0.  The Core  System 7.0 features are those 
which we have committed to including when System 7.0 is shipped.  
In addition to the Core features, there are several other 
technologies under development.  Apple will announce the complete 
System 7.0 feature set later this year.


Core System 7.0 Features

Virtual Memory

Virtual Memory allows users to extend available memory by treating 
their hard disk as a "virtual" extension to RAM.  This will allow 
users to run more and larger applications under MultiFinder with 
less RAM than would otherwise be required.

For example, running a word processor, presentation package, 
spreadsheet, drawing program and HyperCard might ordinarily 
require four megabytes, but this same set of applications could be 
run in two megabytes on a Macintosh with virtual memory.
To take advantage of Virtual Memory, customers must have a 
Macintosh computer with a memory management unit.  Currently, this 
includes the Macintosh SE/30, IIcx, IIx (the 68030 CPU has a built 
in memory management unit), and Macintosh II when equipped with 
the 68851 PMMU (currently available).


32-Bit Addressing

32-Bit Addressing allows Macintosh computers to extend their 
memory capacities beyond 8 megabytes to 128 MB of physical RAM and 
up to 4 Gigabytes of virtual address space. This will be 
particularly important to users of advanced graphics applications 
that use large color images, advanced sound applications, 
artificial intelligence programs and other software that is memory 
intensive.

The combination of Virtual Memory, 32-Bit Addressing, and 
MultiFinder will enable Macintosh computers to support the memory 
necessary for users to run more applications and larger 
applications.


InterApplication Communications Architecture (IAC)

IAC Architecture will support four types of application-to-
application communication:  1) program-to-program communication - 
a low level tool used to send data between applications, 2) Live 
Copy/Paste - a mechanism which supports the dynamic linking of 
documents, 3) AppleEvents(TM) - a standard set of messages that 
applications can use to request actions of one another (e.g., 
"open document"), and 4) Clipboard Copy/Paste - supports the 
copy/cut/paste tools that are currently available.

Here are some examples of how these will benefit users:

* A user could "live paste" a chart into a word processing
  document and have changes in the chart automatically passed
  on to the word processing document.  This powerful
  feature allows the system to manage tedious updates for
  the user automatically.
* Groups of users sharing an AppleShare file server
  could cooperatively develop a presentation.  Each
  user would "live paste" his individual work into
  the master document so that the master always
  represents the current collaborative work.
* A telecommunications program multitasking in
  the background could, using AppleEvents(TM), send
  data from a remote host computer to a
  foreground database program or charting
  program.  This cooperation among applications
  allows users to get more out of the combination
  of applications than they could from the
  individual components.
* A user programming tool could allow users
  to create custom application command scripts
  that would automatically control other
  applications using AppleEvents(TM) as
  the communications vehicle.


Outline Fonts

Outline fonts are mathematical descriptions of text that can be 
scaled to any point size or resolution.  This will provide sharp 
type on all Macintosh displays, printers, fax modems, etc without 
having to install specific size bitmaps into the system.

This means that Macintosh applications will be able to use any 
type size that the user wants (not just the few found in typical 
Font menus).  In addition, Apple's outline fonts will be supported 
by all the major type manufacturers which means there will be 
thousands of type styles to choose from in the future.

Outline fonts will provide better WYSIWYG and will dramatically 
improve the quality and flexibility of non-PostScript printers 
like the LaserWriter IISC, ImageWriter and ImageWriter LQ.

Outline fonts will also make applications more flexible.  For 
example, a typical drawing program allows users to arbitrarily 
scale the size of a drawing.  Frequently though, imbedded type 
does not scale properly.  With outline fonts, users will be able 
to scale text as easily as the graphics which will allow users to 
create better documents.  Outline fonts will also allow 
applications to present more legible "print previews" and zoom-in 
or zoom-out functions.


Layout Manager

The Layout Manager will provide typographic quality text layout 
for all applications.  The layout manager will allow any 
application to offer advanced text positioning features including 
kerning, ligatures and contextual forms.


New Print Architecture

The new print architecture is designed to make it much easier to 
support output devices like printers, fax modems, film recorders, 
or plotters on the Macintosh.  The result will be higher quality 
output and a wider range of output device choices.

In addition, the new print software will provide background 
printing for all types of printers, improved color and halftone 
printing, and will allow applications software to control printers 
in more sophisticated ways.  The new software will provide 
applications with more flexibility such as the capability to print 
documents that include both landscape and portrait oriented pages.  
The new print architecture will require that users have new print 
drivers, but will allow users with System 6.0 and 7.0 to 
transparently share LaserWriter printers.

When System 7.0 ships, Apple will provide new print drivers for 
all Apple printers.  In addition, Apple will be working closely 
with third-parties to ensure that a full complement of drivers are 
available immediately.


Database Access

With the new Database Access capabilities, users will be able to 
integrate data from remote host computer databases into their 
Macintosh applications.  Apple's standard interface will allow 
applications developers to provide access to many different types 
of databases from many different vendors that may be running on 
many different types of computers.  This will give users maximum 
flexibility to access the data that they need.

The design of the database access facility will allow users to 
integrate host data using the "live" copy/paste capabilities also 
to be available with System 7.0.  Once the appropriate links are 
created by the database administrator, users with no knowledge of 
how to access the remote database will be able to use its data 
using the most familiar of Macintosh techniques.

With Database Access, users will not be limited to stand-alone or 
local area network databases as found in other systems.  Instead, 
Macintoshes will have standard access to local area and 
enterprise-wide databases that are central in larger computing 
environments.


New Finder

The Finder is the most visible piece of Macintosh System Software.  
All Macintosh users interact with the Finder to copy files, launch 
applications and to manage system resources.  The new Finder will 
provide users with more intuitive system management capabilities 
as well as additional power.  The new Finder will also be 
extensible so that functions like electronic mail and disk backup 
can be integrated into the intuitive desktop metaphor.

Highlights of the New Finder

* Integrated System Utilities like Font/DA Mover - Allows users to
  install fonts and desk accessories by dragging into the system
  folder.
* Help on any desktop icon or menu item.
* Integrated Find - Locates and retrieves any file from any folder
  and brings that file to the front-most window.
* Aliases- Allows the creation of multiple icons for a single
  file.  This would allow documents to be filed in different
  folders.  For example, a budget spreadsheet for project ABC
  might be simultaneously filed in a "budget" folder and a project
  ABC folder.
* Stationery - Provides for the creation of custom document
  templates, such as a memo template or a newsletter layout
  template.
* Custom Views - Allows users to configure desktop windows to show
  standard or custom file displays.
* Configurable Apple Menu - Allows users to install any
  application, document or desk accessory into the Apple menu.
  This allows users to get at documents and applications as easily
  as they can access desk accessories with today's Finder.
* Extensible - New capabilities can be added in the future such as
  mail and backup.


Additional Software Under Development

File System Enhancements

System 7.0 will provide several new file system enhancements 
including a feature called the File System manager which 
developers will use to give users desktop access to alternative 
file systems like MS-DOS, OS/2, Unix, ProDos, etc.  By integrating 
these files into the desktop metaphor, users will be able to 
manipulate non-Macintosh files with the same intuitive techniques 
that they use on Macintosh files.

Other file system enhancements will allow applications to find and 
manage files faster and more flexibly.


New Sound Capabilities

System 7.0 will also provide capabilities that will make it easier 
for developers to use sound features.  These new capabilities 
include a standard MIDI manager to provide a standard means to 
communicate with electronic musical instruments.  In addition a 
new sound compression utility will reduce the amount of disk space 
for sound files.  A sound sequence manager will help multimedia 
applications to synchronize sounds with other activities like 
animation.


Communications Toolbox (Available Q3 1989 for System 6.0.3)

The Communications toolbox raises the standard capability for 
applications to communicate with other computers by modem, local 
or wide area networks.  The  toolbox provides a standard way for 
developers to support communications hardware as well as file 
transfer and terminal emulation capabilities.


32-Bit QuickDraw
(Ships separately in Q2, 1989 for use with System 6.0.3)

The new extended capabilities of QuickDraw will vastly enhance the 
color capabilities of the Macintosh.  With 32-Bit color, users 
will no longer be limited to 16 or 256 colors, but with new high-
performance graphics interface cards, users can see up to 16 
million colors simultaneously.  This capability, previously seen 
on only higher-end computers will provide users with photo-real 
image quality on their displays, color slide makers and projection 
devices.


International Utilities

At Apple, we believe that is important to have internationalized 
systems that can be customized to different languages and 
character sets.  Already, the Macintosh is the most international 
of personal computers.  The new utilities will make it easier for 
Macintosh to support other languages as well as it does English.


One-Button Installer

The One-Button Installer will make it easier for users to install 
new Macintosh System Software on their machines.  The new 
installer will provide for a one-button automatic installation for 
most users and a custom installation facility for more advanced 
users.


System 7.0 will provide a broad range of new capabilities.  These 
capabilities will make users more productive and will enable the 
development of many new and innovative applications.

Date: Wed, 9 Sep 1992 16:13 EST 
From: CDCLARK@INDSVAX1.INDSTATE.EDU
Subject: Planes, X-rays and my Mac (Summary) 

Here's the summary of articles I received today 9-9-92

    I would like to thank all of the follwoing persons for responding to my
query on 
x-rays and macs.  Thanks again for the quotes and personel stories you passed
on. c-

    8 IN%"dy@shire.math.co  8-SEP-1992  Traveling with a Mac
    9 IN%"degroot@ips.id.e  9-SEP-1992  Mac and Airport
   10 IN%"hp48sx@wuarchive  9-SEP-1992  RE: Planes, X-Rays and My Mac
   11 IN%"JM144%MOLECULAR-  9-SEP-1992  Xrays and IIsi
   12 IN%"jensen@itd.nrl.n  9-SEP-1992  Computers thru airport security
   13 IN%"burton@cs.sfu.ca  9-SEP-1992  RE: Planes, X-Rays and My Mac
   14 IN%"grant@itd.nrl.na  9-SEP-1992  Planes, X-Rays and My Mac
   15 IN%"davegrow@tecnet1  9-SEP-1992  [ANS] Planes, X-Rays and My Mac
   16 IN%"herren@middlebur  9-SEP-1992  x-rays & Macs
   17 IN%"EGS2G1B@MVS.OAC.  9-SEP-1992  RE: Planes, X-Rays, and My Mac



I have traveled with both a Mac Plus and a Mac SE/30 and have
never had any problems. They've both gone through X ray machines
and have even been checked as baggage.

Nevertheless, I don't recommend doing either, if possible.
Foreign airlines, like Air France or KLM, seem to
have special handling for fragile baggage, but the domestic
airlines don't.

As for X ray machines, I'm pretty sure you only need to worry
about your hard disk. The other thing I do, when I don't feel
like setting up and turning on the computer, is I back everything
up onto floppy disks. I then send the computer throught the X ray
machine and ask for the floppies to be inspected by hand. However,
I have never had any problem with the X ray machine messing up my
hard disk.

Deane Yang

-----
Hi Chip,

I now nothing specific or general about your "phobias",
I just had my Mac on a plane once. This was going from Zurich to
Duesseldorf (ZRH->DUS). It was a Mac Classic and I carried it
with me... There was no damage (or anthing else worth mentioning)
done to my little friend by the X-rays. Maybe somewhere else
this will be different. (I have no affiliations with X-rays,
am just a satisfied customer.)

Sincerely,
Claas de Groot

-----
I do not think x-rays will harm your monitor any way. x-rays are not
extremely bad for your harddisk and floppies either, as they are
primarly effected by electromagnetic wvaes. The main risk for
floppies/hd is the motors that drive the belt you put your stuff on.
They generate enough electric field to damage floppies.  Also the metal
detector uses simple magnetic fields to check for weapons. It is VERY
bad for floppies. But you may have luck
-- 
Povl H. Pedersen             hp48sx@wuarchive.wustl.edu
HP48sx archive maintainer

All Opinions (C) Copyright the Intergalactic Thought Association
-----

Hi Chip
I live in England and have an SE30. During 1990/1 I travelled extensively-
Germany, USA and Canada.My Mac went through numerous Xrays at: Gatwick,
Heathrow, Frankfurt, Newark and Montreal. No harm seemed to be done at all.
Of course I took the precaution of having all my Harddisk's files on floppy
with me. These were usually passed through too- but the people are far less
suspicious of these than a cased computer.Generally, only the hard disk is
at risk and I've heard that the xrays at most airports won't harm computers
these days. Don't take my word for it though-try it (with full back up)!
All the hassles are a pain, but I feel safer that they're in operation. I had
a bad experience with Newark once: They wanted me to switch on the mac to prove
that it really was a computer and not a bomb. My UK plug to US plug adaptor was
in my (checked in) suitcase, but they insisted that they had adaptors for
"every
place in the world". They hadn't ever seen the UK monster plugs we've got!
(Very
chunky, but also very safe). Because they didn't have an adaptor they let me by
without checking my machine! Now if I were a terrorist...
Anyway, my advice is don't be too paranoid- I know several people who've taken
(compact) macs thru xrays at airports without adverse effects.
Cheers

Joe Makkerh
Wellcome/CRC Institute
Cambridge
UK
-----
Chip,
        Iassume you'll get other responces, but here is my experience
at Washington Dullas Airport.
        I wanted to send an old 512 mac to my sister-in-law with
my wife when she went down to visit.  Put it in carrying bag with extra
padding on the front to protect the CRT, so just put whole bag thru
the x-ray.  I STILL had to get it out and turn it on!!!  The reason
is that the shielding that the STUPID FCC requires to prevent TV
interference (reather than make the TV manufactures make better TVs)
causes the computer to show up as a solid BLACK object!!!! Makes
security people VERY nervious!!!
        I suspect (in fact am sure) you will have the same problem.
Even though I feel sure that the x-ray machines are probably not
harmful to your computer or HD, they almost certianly will show up
as BLACK on the X-ray screen and you will have to show that they
are indeed a computer system.   Just got to plan on taking longer
than usual to check in and get thru security.

        Have a good flight to where ever you are going.

larry
-----

I will be very interested in finding out what you learn.
I left London Heathrow on Saturday with my powerbook, and was told that
absolutely everything had to be x-rayed.  My powerbook survived, but I
was very unhappy about it.  The User's Guide that comes with the machine
says clearly "Do not allow your computer or any hard disk or floppy disks
to pass through X-ray machines."

Warren Burton
Simon Fraser University
-----
I am not sure about the computer materials, but in photography
circles, the old warning was that US machines were generally safe for
passing film through, due to the low level of radiation and frequent
testing of the machines' calibration.  Machines outside of the US
varied quite widely.  The level of radiation was sometimes quite
reasonable, but often it was excessive.  This was blamed on the lower
liklihood that the machines' calibration was regularly tested and had
drifted quite badly.  

Best of luck.
==================================================================
Hopes and wishes, Daffodils and kings...

Leprechaun Liam                                 Grant@itd.nrl.navy.mil
Code 5541, NRL, Wash. DC 20375    (202)767-0552 W    (301)937-2567 H

-----
        Some of your questions have been on my mind as well -- specifically,
do the X-rays have any potential to harm the computer.  As a frequent
flyer and MacPortable (much cheaper - you can get a 4/40 for about $1300 with
2400 baud modem through Sun Remarketing in Orem, UT) owner, I am also
frustrated by the long boot time (made longer by my list of inits).  Here
is your answer:

        1.  Several types of integrated circuits exist.  Nonerasables,
uv-light erasable, and electrically erasable ROMs are available on the
market.  I do not know which are used by Apple, but assume them to be
non-erasables.  The warning you got likely refers to the prominence
of uv-eraseable ROMs in various circuits.  X-rays typically use
ultraviolet (UV) light, and thus can erase this type of chip.  End
result:  a non-functional computer.

        2.  Even if you do send your computer through the X-ray machine,
you will still have to power i up - very likely while a gun is aimed at
you - or surrender it to police.  Your computer's internal wiring, on board
battery, and hard drive will make the "box" in the X-ray look quite bomb-like.
The FAA instructs their inspectors to call appropriate authorities in such
a situation and to detain (often spelled "c-u-f-f") the person carrying
the luggage.

        3.  As for your sccreen, I am uncertain of the risks in sending it
through the X-ray, other than those listed in item 2.

        I agree with the problems you are having, but the airlines are
doing you a big favor.  I know that there was discussion during the Gulf War
on not allowing ANY electronic devices on aircraft.  Sorry the news wasn't
better for you.

                                        - Dave Grow
-----
I trave a great deal with my mac (at various times an SE/30, SE, Plus, mac
IIsi, Powerbook 145, etc.) Like you I was initially reluctant to send them
through the x-rays so I had to set the darn thing up, turn it on, wait for
WAY too many inits to load and then shut it back down. One day my plane was
late for a connection and I simply didn't have time. I was on my way home
so I thought "what the heck, if it's toast when I get home, I'll have time
to fix it."  I got home and it was fine. Since then I've sent hard drives,
monitors, CPUs, powerbooks etc. through on a regular basis and I have NEVER
lost a single bit of information. Your mileage may vary, I always send a
boxes of utility and back-up floppy disks through in my luggage as well as
hand carrying them (so I can just hand them to the inspector to hand
inspect while my computer goes through the machine).

Best of luck in your travels. Backup often and carry backups with you, and
X-Ray away. 

Oh, BTW, I almost always have to fly through Kennedy and LaGuardia if I
want to go anywhere from here in the boonies of Vermont--no problems with
those places either though I haven't flown every single airline at both
airports).

-David
__________________________________________________________________
 David Herren                      |    Internet:  herren@middlebury.edu
 Academic Computing                |    BITnet:    herren@midd
 Middlebury College                |    Applelink: Herren
 Middlebury, VT 05753  U.S.A.      |    Ma Bell:   802-388-3711 x5558
__________________________________________________________________

-----
Chip,

Here's a direct quote from Info World in response to your question about X-Rays
and computers in InfoMac. Please preserve the citation if you use this quote
in your summary.

Good luck,

Phil Harriman
The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities
egs2g1b@mvs.oac.ucla.edu

Glass, Brett. Buyers Advisory: Know how (and from what) to protect your data
when traveling. Info World. 1992 Aug 31; 14(35): 76.

     Q: What things can happen to floppies and laptops passed through metal
     detectors?

A: The metal detector you walk through at the airport, and at some courthouses,
uses a powerful electromagnet (uaually mounted overhead) to detect metal
objects. Fortunately, since the intensity of the magnetic field decreases as
the square of the distance from the source, a floppy disk in your pocket is
unlikely to be affected. And the hard disk in a laptop can withstand much
stronger magnetic fields thanks to its metal case.

Interestingly, the airport device most likely to damage your disks is not the
metal detector the the X-ray machine. X-rays themselves can't erase magnetic
materials, but the transformer that generates high voltages for the X-ray tube
may create a powerful magnetic field. What's more, if your floppy disks are on
the bottom of a bag, they may be carried directly over the hefty induction
motor that drives the moving belt.

Again, it is unlikely that a hard disk will be affected by these fields, but
I have on several occasions lost data on floppy disks in carry-on luggage. I
now keep my floppies inside a ferrous metal cookie tin, which offers some
protection against magnetic fields.$

Thanks again. c-

Date: Wed, 21 Jun 1995 19:21:47 +0300 (MET-DST)
From: Federico Giacanelli <GIACANELLI@to.infn.it>
Subject: System re-installing & 32 Bit addressing - SUMMARY OF REPLIES

Hello,

some week ago I posted a message about a Mac IIci with its System taking 14 MB
of 20 MB total RAM.
I received more than 30 replies! Thank you all very much, Info-Mac people!

Now I post a summary of the replies I received, as requested by someone that
wrote me.

I will quote parts of the mails but i won't quote the author's name because I
don't know if they want their name be written here.
Anyway I know who they are and I thank again everybody.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Here is my original message:

>Subject: System re-installing (Q)
>
>Hello,
>
>sorry if this is a FAQ, I'm posting for a friend that can't read the digest.
>
>Situation: Mac IIci, 20 MB RAM, connected to ethernet, in a local net at the
>university and then to the internet.
>The System takes about 14 MB RAM!!
>We think there is something wrong with the system and plan to re-install it.
>
>The question is: will he lose the hard disk files so does he need to backup
>it? I remember one can install the system without deleting other files at all.
>
>More: In the case of re-installing, what will happen to the old folders in the
>systm folder, like Control Panels, Extensions, etc.? He has many non-Apple
>extensions, wil he lose them or the new system will create a new System Folder
>containing also the old files?
>
>Please reply directly to me and I'll summarize for the digest if someone is
>interested in,
>
>TIA,
>Cheers,
>
>                                   Federico
>giacanelli@to.infn.it

The answer is that my friend's Mac has the 32 bit addressing turned off.
He turned on the 32 bit addressing in the "memory" control panel and everything
is got OK.
Here is an answer about that:

>The reason is that in 16-bit mode the Mac can only address 8MB of memory.
>The system knows there is 20MB RAM out there so it blocks off the
>inaccessible 12MB by claiming that it's using it for itself. In 32-bit mode
>the full 20MB is addressable.
>
>Caution: while nearly all modern applications are 32-bit clean, some older
>ones were written to the 16-bit addressing standard and will fail unless by
>some intermittent lucky chance they get loaded into the bottom 8MB of
>memory. You can't tell by looking at an app, so if try one and it fails
>contact the publisher for an upgrade.


The second part of my post asked about cautions needed when one reinstall the
System.
Well, everyone told me that a backup is not necessary but it is a good thing to
do in *any* case.
A System re-install deletes only the Apple files in the System Folder with the
new ones. One needs only to backup screen fonts in the System document because
a new System document will be created.
Here are some replies:


>Hello,
>The following are some notes on how to re-install your system without
<losing anything.
>I hope it is clear enough.
>
>To re-install a CLEAN system.
>This can be done (w/o losing your old system) by following these steps:
>
>   BE SURE TO HAVE A BOOTABLE FLOPPY (Disk tools) JUST IN CASE !!!!!!!!!
>   Start up with your extensions OFF (hold down shift @ start-up)
>   Open your system folder and create a folder called "Finder Folder"
>   Move the Finder into that folder.  Your old system is no longer active.
>   Rename your old system folder to something else besides "System Folder"
>   Install your new system from your system installs.
>   Restart, and you'll be using the new system.
>
>If you have doubts and don't think that your problems are due to a 'bad' sytem
>(and/or extension conflicts), just try doing a minimal install rather than
>the huge 'Easy install'.
>
>To get your old system back, just move the Finder of the new system (into its
>"Finder Folder"), to disable the new system, and put the Finder of the old
>system back where it
>belongs (in the System folder).  You will know which system is active if
>any by looking at your
>folder's icons.
>When you are satisfied with your system, you can move your extra CP's and
>Exts back into the System Folder.
>Good luck!

------------------------------

>If you really need to re-install the system files, take out the
>"System"-file and the Finder out of the System Folder, and rename the
>System Folder to something else. Now you can install the system software
>without overwriting anything. After successfull installation you can drag
>the necessary old system files into the new System Folder.
>This is the secure and clean way. Of course you can also install over the
>old System Folder without loosing additional files, but this is not
>suggested.
>
>Good luck!
>By the way: Making a backup before installing anything new into the system
>is always a good idea!

-------------------------------

>If you leave "Finder" and "System" files where they belong, only Apple
>parts are replaced by the installer. But I suggest he moves System and
>Finder out (to trash), renames the old System folder to anything else,
>select another (valid) startup drive, empties the trash and restarts. Then
>he can make a "clean" install - and copy files from the "old" system folder
>back individually.

-------------------------------

>You may have heard this by now, but a system reinstall will preserve all 
>your old extensions, control panels, etc.  However I would make a back-up 
>of my System folder first as a precaution.  
>
>If you have screen display fonts installed in your System FILE, my
>experience is that they might NOT be carried forward by the reinstall; you
>must open the System FILE yourself and drag the fonts out and into your
>Fonts FOLDER. 


Usual disclaimer applies: I'm not responsible for ANY data loss or problem on
your Mac.
Thanks to you all,

Cheers,
                                                        Federico

giacanelli@to.infn.it