Date: Sat, 9 Jul 94 17:12:51 +0100
From: " nick.c " <nick@pitt.edu>
Subject: DuoFAQ


Folks:

    Included is the latest Duo FAQ.  It's a compilation of usefull
      information for powerbooks users, with a lot of specific info
      on the powerbook Duo.  Please add it to your archive.

                                            -- nick



   _/   _/  _/  _/_/_/   _/   _/  Sea Shells to C shells,  Waikiki to
  _/_/ _/  _/  _/   _/  _/_/_/     the Internet, a wave, is a wave...
 _/ _/_/  _/  _/       _/ _/
_/   _/  _/   _/_/_/  _/   _/  CompSrv: 71232,766 I-Net: Nick@pitt.edu
 

Enclosure: DuoFAQ_complete  [95,789 bytes]
----------------------------------------------------------------------



FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) about Macintosh Duo's - part 0

  * Last Revision: 07/09/94 *


In October of 1992 Apple released an entirely new kind of computer,
the Macintosh Duo.  The Duo, being such a strange beast, has left a
lot of people in confusion.  This file summarizes the Duo
information I've collected to date - hopefully it will end some of
the confusion.  This information is accurate as of today to the
best of my knowledge, but I make no warranties.  I'd appreciate any
corrections or updated information being mailed to me (please be
succinct and patient about a response).

I post updated versions of this FAQ on comp.sys.mac.portables roughly 
every two weeks and copies are available via anonymous FTP or AFS at 
mac.archive.umich.edu and it's mirrors in the archive/mac/util/powerbook 
directory.

                                         Nicholas C. De Mello
                                               "nick.c" 
                                            nick+@pitt.edu
                                            



Added since last post
=====================

o Included Rich Wolfson's explanation of how to totally
  dis-assemble your duo (and tried it out too!).
  
o Included some new info on the RasterOps mini docks
  (how to use with multi-sync monitors and warning:
  
     *they are not currenty compatible with 280/280c's*
     
o Note: the control stip you're looking for is not on any
  ftp sites.  It is currently only available with new powerbooks
    
o Note: the "Table of Contents" only appears in section 0/3
  now (otherwise I'd have to resection the parts again -
  1/3 and 3/3 are too long)


Next project
============

Trying to make a 'section 4' that will have portable 
information that's not unique to the Duo.  Ie ram and 
battery info, airlines x-rays, battery friendly word 
processors.  Hopefully, this'll eventually grow into
a seperate FAQ.


Table of Contents
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~




Part 1: The Duo
===============

 * Introduction: What is a Duo?

 * The Models: What Duo models are/will be available?

    Duo 210      : Economy Duo			-- Oct, 1992
    Duo 230      : Standard Duo
    Duo 250      : Active Matrix Duo	-- Oct, 1993
    Duo 270c     : Color Duo
    Duo 280	     : 040 Gray Duo   		-- May, 1994
    Duo 280c     : 040 Color Duo
    Duo 2300/60  : 603 Gray Duo  		-- Jan, 1995
    Duo 2300/60c : 603 Color Duo
    
 * Dockless Duos: Do I have to buy a Dock?

    File Transfers
    Ram Disks
    Updating Systems
    Installing Software

 * Optimizing Duos: How can I squeeze the most out of my Duo?

    Systems
       Why don't my title bars have that "3-D" affect?
       Why doesn't Strech 3.0 work with my Duo?
       How can I get that "3-D" affect in my title bars?
    FPU's
       What is a FPU?
       Do *I* need/want one?
       How does a FPU affect battery life?
    RAM
       What's ram?
       How much ram do I need?
    RAM Disks
       What is a ram disk?
       Why/when should I use a ram disk?
       How do I install a RAM system disk?
       How do I get rid of a RAM disk (get the ram back)?
    Batteries
       What's that switch on the battery for?
       What do the numbers on my battery mean?
       What's a "type II/III" battery?
       Which battery do I have?
       Can I use the new (type II/III) batteries in older Duos?
       Do I need to completely discharge (condition) my batteries?
       What's the *right* way to insert a batter?
    Battery Power
       Why should I turn off my modem when I'm not using it?
       How can I get more life out of my battery? 
    Hard Disks
       Why should I reformat my drive?
       Why does my 80 MB drive say it's 75 MB?
       What's the problem with reformatting 120 MB drives?
       How do I reformat my drive for maximum capacity? 
       What's the largest internal HD available? (520 MB)
       Where can I get it? 
    Displays
       What are those vertical dark lines on my screen?
       What are those black spots on my monitor?
       How can I get rid of both?
    Serial Port
       How do I connect a printer to a Duo?
       What's the "internal/external" or "compatible/normal"
         switch in the Powerbook setup mean?
       How do I use non-com toolbox programs with an internal modem?
    Programmers Keys (needed for MacsBug)
       Where is the interupt/restart key on a Duo?
       Why don't they work when the Duo is docked?
       What alternative is available?
   	      

Part 2: Accessories
===================

 * Expandability/Docks: What do I need a Dock for?

    Features: what can a dock do?
    Micro-Docks:
       Apple's Floppy Adapter
       Newer Tech SCSI Microdock
       Newer Tech Color Microdock
       Newer Tech Ethernet Microdock
       Lapis SCSI Dock
       Asante's Ethernet Microdock
    Mini-Docks:
       Apple's Mini Dock
       E-Machines Powerlink Presenter
       E-Machines Desknet/Etherdock
       RasterOps DuoMate 8
       RasterOps DuoMate 16sc
    Full-Docks:
       Apple's Dock
       Apple's Second Dock
    Coming Attractions
    FAQ's about docks
       Why can't I close the lid of my Duo while it's docked to a mini dock?
       How can I have the lid closed while docked to a mini dock?

    
 * Recommended
  
       Useful programs
         Battery Optimization
         Useful accessories
            AppleTalk Cable
            SCSI Adapter
            Ethernet
            Hand Scanner
       Useful Sources of Information
         Magazines
         News groups
         FTP sites



Part 3: Repairs and Upgrades
============================

 * Bugs/Problems: Help! My Duo just...

    Keyboard: keys unresponsive;
       rev A,B,C,D keyboards - how to tell which
    ADB: keyboard/mouse freezes up
    Enabler: What enabler you should use.
    Buzz: makes noise while asleep
    HD gone: duo in dock won't recognize Powerbook HD
    Missing Battery: duo can't find it's battery
    Battery Leads: pressing on palmrest crashes Duo
  
 * Sources: Where should I buy...?

    Ram Suppliers
    HD Suppliers
    CPU Suppliers
    Clearing Houses
    Others
    
 * Opening Duo's: How do I install...?

    Install ram       : easy for tech savvy people
    Install HD/modem  : hard - not recommended

 * Upgrades

    Apples 2xx -> 250
    Apples 2xx -> 270c
    Apples Duo LC040 Upgrade
    Apples Color Display Upgrade 
    MacProducts 2xx -> 33 MHz/40 MHz
    James MacPhails FPU add on
    Disabling the Hardware Sleep

 * Modems





FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) about Macintosh Duo's - part 1

  * Last Revision: 07/09/94 *


In October of 1992 Apple released an entirely new kind of computer,
the Macintosh Duo.  The Duo, being such a strange beast, has left a
lot of people in confusion.  This file summarizes the Duo
information I've collected to date - hopefully it will end some of
the confusion.  This information is accurate as of today to the
best of my knowledge, but I make no warranties.  I'd appreciate any
corrections or updated information being mailed to me (please be
succinct and patient about a response).

I post updated versions of this FAQ on comp.sys.mac.portables roughly 
every two weeks and copies are available via anonymous FTP or AFS at 
mac.archive.umich.edu and it's mirrors in the archive/mac/util/powerbook 
directory.

                                         Nicholas C. De Mello
                                               "nick.c" 
                                            nick+@pitt.edu
                                            



--------------------------



Introduction: What is a Duo?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



What is a Duo?  A Duo is Apple's smallest lightest notebook
computer. Unlike other notebooks it has no floppy drive, no SCSI,
and no direct way of attaching an external HD or floppy drive. What
it does have is a serial port, phone jack (with internal modem),
and a 152-pin 32-bit PDS (processor direct slot) in the back
(called a PowerLatch connection), that accesses every signal line
on the cpu.  This is true for all models as of today.

So what's that PDS (processor direct slot) for in the back of the
Duo?  It's what makes the Duo unique - the PDS is a wild card.  It 
allows adapters (called Docks) to connect directly and intimately
with the Duo's motherboard.  These adapters let you add features to the
Duo at the most fundamental level - something you can't do with
any other powerbook.  You can add ethernet, new video capabilities,
SCSI-2, accelerators, and other options that haven't even been
invented yet.

This expandability lets you tailor the same computer to entirely
different environments: at home, coupled with a floppy adapter and
external drive it's a stand alone home computer; on the train it's
the smallest, most portable powerbook; in the office, with a full
Duo dock, it's a business machine with 1 gig drive, ethernet, and
17" monitor - or whatever *you* choose to add.

What is a Duo?  It's whatever you want it to be.

  
--------------------------



The Models: What Duo's are/will be available?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



The Duo 210 and 230 were released in October of 1992.  

The powerbook Duo 210 has a 25 MHz 68030 CPU with no FPU. It weighs
4.2 pounds (with battery) and measures 1.4 inches thick. It has an
internal microphone, speaker, standard size keyboard, and a
recessed internal 11 mm diameter trackball (smaller than
the powerbook standard of 19 mm diameter).  The 210 can accept a
maximum of 24 MB of ram.  The internal monitor is a 9" 4-bit
gray scale (16 grays) supertwist (passive matrix) with a resolution
of 640x400. There are four ports on the back: power in (*not*
compatible with other powerbook AC adapters), serial din-8 (for
appletalk, printers, external modems, etc.), RJ-11 modem (only if
internal modem is installed), and the powerlatch PDS slot on the
back.  There is no internal floppy drive.  The 210 was discontinued
in October of 1993.

The Duo 230 is identical to the 210, except it has a 33 MHz clockspeed.

The Duo 250 and 270c were released in October of 1993. Apple is
offering upgrades of previous Duo's to the 250 or 270c (current
cost has been quoted as $2000 for the 2xx to 270c upgrade).

The Duo 250 is identical to the 230, except it offers a 4 bit
gray scale (16 grays) *active* matrix monitor (sharper images) and
uses type II Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) battery.  The processor is
the same as that of the 230.  According to Apple the type II
batteries should run the 250 for 2.5 to 6 hours per charge.  IMO 
the improvements of the 250 are not worth the $1000 price difference
from the 230.

The Duo 270c offers three major improvements over the 250: color,
a maximum of 32 MB of ram, and a FPU.  The 8.4" active
matrix color display is slightly smaller than all previous 
duo displays, and offers two choices of resolutions: 16 bit
(thousands of colors) color at 640x400 (duo standard) or 8 bit
(256 colors) color at 640x480 (standard for all other Macs).The
improved display makes the 270c 1/10 inch thicker than the 230,
thus necessitating a different "hood" on the duo docks (see docks
below).  The type II NiMH battery is supposed to power the Duo for
2 to 4 hours.  Note: since the 280 and 280c are expected to
use a LC040 CPU, the 270c is the only Duo ever proposed that
has an FPU.  Oh and there's this little green light on the Duo
270c's cover.  It's to let you know if the Duo is asleep when it's
closed.  Light off - Duo shut down; light blinking - Duo asleep.

The Duo 280 will offer a 33 MHz LC040 CPU. The LC040 is a fourth 
generation Macintosh CPU without the integrated FPU (as in the 
Centris 610 and Quadra 605).  Apple intends to use the Duo's unique 
magnesium frame as a super heat sink for the processor. In addition to 
a tremendous increase in performance the 280 will accept up to 40 MB
of ram, and is expected to last from 2-4 hours per charge of its
NiMH type III batteries. The 280 will have a 9 inch 4-bit gray scale
display.

The 280c is expected to be identical to the 280 but offer
a 16-bit color 8.4" active matrix display, as in the 270c.
Apple claims battery lives of 2-4 hours. (yea, right...)

The 2300 and 2300c: Apple says they'll ship in January of next year.  
We'll see.  The 2300 and 2300c will be identical to the 280 and 280c
with a 603 risc chip.  The 603 will be attached directly to the
motherboard, so the Duo's will be faster than they're Blackbird
breathren, however upgrades to the 2300 motherboard for older Duo's
are expected to be more expensive ($500 for Blackbirds, expected
$1000 for Duos).  All this info is rough, take it with a grain of
salt.

--------------------------



Dockless Duo's: Do I have to buy a Dock?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



No.

I got one of the first Duo 230's off the line, and went six months
without so much as a floppy adapter.  I saw the Duo first and foremost
as the smallest, lightest, powerbook available (and besides, I couldn't
get a dock/adapter for love or money - they just didn't exist).

However, there are some things to keep in mind.  You have no floppy
drive, no SCSI connection, and no way to replace corrupt system
files - you're gambling.  If you're new to the Mac, or if the
Duo is your only Mac, I'd suggest you buy at least the floppy
adapter and external drive.  If you have access to a second Mac, the
SCSI adapters (Lapis or Newer Tech - see dock section) are the
cheapest option for installing a new system (via SCSI-HD mode),
and (IMHO) a wiser investment than the floppy adapter/external 
drive.

If you do go without a net (and even if you don't) here are a few
tricks that come in handy.  First, buy an Apple image writer cable
(a cable with a DIN-8 connection on both ends).  If you plug,
one end into the Duo's serial port and the other into a second
Mac you have an appletalk equivalent of a null-modem.  By turning 
on appletalk on both machines (via the chooser) you can transfer 
files in and out of your Duo.  This is slower than SCSI transfers,
but the only way you'll be able to install new software.  If your
system is shot though - you can't use appletalk.

A ram disk is great.  In addition to increasing your battery life,
running a system on a ram disk lets you have a redundant system
on your hard disk.  If the first gets corrupt you have the second as
backup.

If you do lose your system (I lost mine twice), start calling
stores in your area.  Most will let you plug your Duo into their
showroom Dock long enough to install a new system.  If they don't,
remember to forget them when you need to buy new peripherals.

--------------------------



Optimizing Duos: How can I squeeze the most out of my Duo?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



System:
=======

Have you noticed that the title bars on your document windows
are the old black and white, 2-D type (as opposed to that neat
3-D effect in system 7).  The reason for this, is the system
4-bit gray scale Duo monitors do a strange thing with those
3-D bars.  They make them look like a current of liquid is
running under them - constantly in motion.  It's a neat effect
but Apple thought it would be distracting.  

So the system enabler for your Duo replaces the standard WDEFs
(window definition procedures) resource with the old black and white
versions.  If you want to get the 3-D effect you need to remove
this "patch."

To do this make a copy of your system enabler, and open
it with res-edit (if you don't know what res-edit is,
you probably don't want to be doing this) and remove the
WDEF resource.  Move your active system enabler out of the
system folder (save it - you might want to use it again) and
put your "edited" version in it's place.  Then restart
the computer.  I've never heard of any conflicts resulting
from this hack - but I doubt it's Apple approved.  You've 
been warned.

Also, a very usefull shareware program Strech 3.0, works
by overriding the systemd WDEF resource.  Since the enabler
is holding the last word for this resource, it overrides
Strechs overriding of the systems resource.  If you remove
the WDEF resource in the enabler (above) Stech works fine.


FPU's
=====

FPU stands for floating point unit.  It's a co-processor
(assitant brain) available in some computers dedicated to 
math tasks that require decimal point calculations.  The 
68030 macintoshes use a seperate chip, a 68882.  One of the
advantages of the 68040 chips though was to build this unit
right into the CPU.  The 68LC040 chips are cheaper, more 
battery friendly 68040 that have the FPU lobotimized off the
chip.

Most of what we do on a macintosh doesn't require (or is even
accelerated) by a FPU.  If you're just using Microsoft Word
to write a paper, or a telecom package to contact CompuServe
or the net, or playing your favorite game - it won't make a 
lick of difference.  Some users though run MathCad, or Mathematica,
or give Excel a real workout.  These programs benefit tremendously
from the use of a FPU (my SE/30 for example has half the clock
speed of my Duo 230 and runs some of my calculations 10 times
faster).  High level graphics programs, like RayDream Designer
also benefit from a FPU.

So why don't all Mac's have a FPU?  It uses battery energy (about
10% more).  As a result Apple chose not to put FPU's in the
210, 230, 250, and are using LC040 (FPU less 040's) in the
280 and 280c.  Currently the only Duo with a FPU is the 
discontinued 270c.

Keep in mind though - the FPU only accelerates the float calcs
in your program - and even float intensive programs have a lot
more int calcs going on than floats.  As a result you're likely
to get more of an overall performance boost for your program by
upping the cpu speed or using a LC040 cpu than adding a FPU.

Apple's full Duo dock I has a socket for a FPU, so you can add one,
and use the FPU with a 210, 230, 250, or 270c (the 270c is smart
enough to turn off it's own if a FPU exists in the Dock).  Their
full Due dock II has the fpu standard (you don't need to add one).
Note the 280 and 280c will use LC040 CPU's, which can not use an external
68882 FPU - they'll just ignore the FPU if present in any dock.

One last option exists.  A fellow named James MacPhail in Canada
has figured out how to wire a FPU into a Duo 210, 230, or 250
or mini and micro docks.  See the "Upgrades" section for details.
Note: even if you wire an FPU into a dock - it won't do anything
for a 280/280c - the LC040's just aren't compatible.


RAM
===

What's ram, how's it different from a hard disk?  There are two
kinds of memory in your computer. Your hard disk is like a filing
cabinet, it takes effort to find what's in there and you don't
actually do any work there, but you can store a lot of stuff.  Your
ram is like the top of your desk. You have much less space, but
it's easy to find stuff there (hopefully) so you only keep the
things you're working on right there.  If you want to actually
work on a file, say a text document, you first get it from
your hard disk (your filing cabinet) then transfer it to ram
(your desk) and then start working on it.  When you're done
with the document, you save it back to the hard disk - just
like you put away your report in the file cabinet, to free up
desk space (ram).  One place this analogy breaks down…

Showing first 20,000 characters of 96,489 total. Open the full document →

From: eepmatt@casbah.acns.nwu.edu (Matthew Friedman)
Subject: The 25MHz IIsi 
Date: Sat, 27 Feb 93 0:49:16 CST 

Here's the FAQ sheet I compiled on the 25MHz upgrade for the IIsi. A couple of
people requested that I send it to you for archiving in your reports section.

-Matt Friedman
eepmatt@casbah.acns.nwu.edu

-----
FAQ: Upgrading your Mac IIsi from 20MHz to 25MHz
Version 1.3
Compiled by Matt Friedman
eepmatt@casbah.acns.nwu.edu
27 January 1993
 
-----
 
This FAQ was compiled from comments, letters, and posts to
comp.sys.mac.hardware. I apologise for the many instances where I have not
been able to include attributions and sources. Maybe in version 2.0....
:)
 
-----
 
Contents:
Q: What does the "upgrade" do?
Q: What are the stats on the performance increase?
Q: Why does the upgrade work?
Q: Won't this void my warranty?
Q: Where do I get what I need, and how much will it cost?
Q: So how to I do it?
Q: But my CPU's only rated at 20MHz. How can this work?
Q: Why don't I just replace my CPU with one rated at 25MHz?
Q: Can I go higher than 25MHz?
Q: Do I need a certain speed of SIMMs for this to work?
Q: What if I have a NuBus adapter or FPU?
Q: What's the fail/success rate?
Q: Why doesn't someone just check the speed ratings for all
   the chips?
Q: Doesn't the upgrade produce more heat?
Q: Are there any other drawbacks to the procedure?
Q: What does Apple say about this?
Q: Who should try the upgrade?
Q: Don't you, as the compiler, want to include a disclaimer?
 
-----
 
Q: What does the "upgrade" do?
A: The upgrade involves swapping the 40MHz oscillator in your IIsi for a 50MHz
one, thus increasing the CPU speed by 25%, from 20MHz to 25MHz. Some systems
speeds, like displaying 8 bit graphics, have been noted to improve even more
than 25%. All this for around $4.11. 
 
-----
 
Q: What are the stats on the performance increase?
A: Numbers below are speed relative to a Mac classic, so bigger is better:
 
                     BEFORE          AFTER
CPU                   5.24            6.69
Graphics              6.17            7.64
Disk                  1.30            1.34
Math                  5.45            6.91
Overall Performance   4.75            5.92  (25% faster)
 
KWhetstones           6.33            7.97
Dhrystones            5.11            6.62
Towers                4.42            5.69
Quicksort             5.01            6.43
Bubble Sort           5.88            7.50
Queens                5.83            7.33
Puzzle                5.61            7.22
Permute               5.33            6.55
Fast Fourier          4.27            5.39
F.P. Matrix           4.53            5.70
Int. Matrix           4.85            6.09
Sieve                 6.53            8.35
BENCHMARK AVG.        5.31            6.74
 
Graphics:
1 bit (mono)          1.72            2.15
2 bit                 1.83            2.31
4 bit                 1.92            2.47
8 bit (256 colors)    1.22            1.89 (50% FASTER!!!!)
Avg:                  1.67            2.21
 
-----
 
Q: Why does the upgrade work?
A: Well, a caveat first. Most of what follows is conjecture, so while it
_does_ make sense, take it with a grain of salt rather than a shovel full of
earth. Only Apple's engineers know for sure, and they ain't saying.
	The main difference between the IIsi and the more expensive IIci is
expandability and speed. But aside from these differences, it's been asserted
that the guts of the two machines are more or less identical. 
	If you think about it, it does make engineering sense to reuse as much
of the IIci's design as possible. With chip prices falling these days, it
might be cheaper to use essentially the same board and chips in the two
machines. Putting a 20MHz CPU in the IIsi would then be a smart marketing
decision -- would you buy a IIci for $3500 if you could buy an equally fast
IIsi for $500 or $1000 less and sacrifice only expandability? So the IIsi may
have been "crippled" for marketing reasons, slowed down to allow the price of
its faster sister to be raised.
	Again, the above paragraphs may have no basis in fact, and are really
only rumours and whispers made over the net. For all we know, the IIsi chips
were designed to run at 20MHz which resulted in considerable savings which was
passed on to the consumer. Its up to you to draw your own conclusions from the
reasoning and testimonials of those who've made successful upgrades (given
below).
 
-----
 
Q: Won't this void my warranty?
A: Yes, absolutely. In fact, some Apple service technicians will refuse to
work on any machine that shows any evidence of user tampering at all. If you
attempt this upgrade, you may need to find a new service outlet.
 
-----
 
Q: Where do I get what I need, and how much will it cost?
A: You'll need a soldering "pencil" (preferably >30W), and its strongly
recommended to have a desoldering iron or a solder sucker, such as the
Soldapullt Model DS 017, as well. Thanks to James MacPhail for pointing out
that most soldering guns are step-down transformers that generate heat by
passing a large AC current through the tip. While this generates lots of heat,
there is also a large magnetic field at the tip. Some kinds of electronics are
destroyed by strong magnetic fields (similarly with electro-static discharge)
so in most cases, a "soldering gun" is a no-no for this kind of job. Use
something that does not build up a large magnetic field. You'll also need
something small to pry with. These tools you can get at any local Radio Shack.
	You'll need to install a heat sink as well. While this may not be
mandatory for every single machine, some people have reported that the upgrade
worked only after installing a heat sink on the CPU, so better safe than
sorry. Nothing fancy is necessary -- just about anything the size of the 68030
will do. You'll also need something to attach the heat sink with: thermal tape
and thermal glue have been reported to do the job handsomely.
	Also required is a 50MHz TTL oscillator package and a 14-pin DIP IC
socket for the oscillator (you may need to go back to 20MHz if your upgrade
fails).  
	Fry's electronics in Palo Alto, CA is one place that sells the
oscillator package and socket. If you walk in off the street it costs around
$4.00 for the oscillator, and the socket will put you back about 11 cents.
Mail order from Fry's is considerably more expensive, possibly by a factor of
two to three times. Their phone number is 415-496-6000. Fry's has another
outlet in Fremont at 510-770-3797. Or, you can fax them: 408-735-6800 in
Sunnyvale CA, 415-496-6060 in Palo Alto CA, and 510-770-3700 in Fremont CA.   
   
	Other suppliers include B.G. Micro: $1.49 for the oscillator and $3.25
for postage. $10 minimum for MC/Visa.  P.O. Box 280298, Dallas, TX 75228 (214)
271-5546. Digi-Key will also take MC/Visa, the part number is CTX121, $3.44/ea
+ $5 handling and actual shipping charge for orders under $25 only.
1-800-Digi-Key. I have no info on whether these two sell the sockets also.
 
-----
 
Q: So how to I do it?
A: Here's the procedure. It's an amalgam of the information posted by Jim K.
H. Yu and George John, who attributes the pioneering of this procedure to
"<forgot his name> at CalTech and Paul A. in Australia."
 
Open the case. (It lifts off from the back.) Don't forget about static -- an
anti-static bracelet would be an A+ idea.
 
Begin disassembly of the machine. This is kind of easy: the IIsi is a really
well-designed machine from an assembly-time standpoint. No screwdriver
involved in disassembly.
 
Remove the floppy drive. (Unplug it from the motherboard and lift it out of
the case while holding in the 2 small latches on the sides of the floppy
drive.)
 
Remove the hard drive. (Same thing, unplug the scsi cable from the motherboard
and the power cable, then just lift it out.  In this case the latches on the
case need to be pushed out so you can remove the drive.)
 
Remove the fan. (You have to squeeze the plastic on the sides near the bottom
and back of the case to get it out. Just lift it up while squeezing.)
 
Remove the power supply. (Again, just lift up while holding the two latches in
on the sides of the power supply's case.)
 
Remove the SIMMs. (They snap out easily. Again there are little metal latches
that hold them in place.)
 
Remove the motherboard. (Pull it towards the front of the case while pushing
the two tabs on the case that hold it in place to the outside.)
 
Prepare the oscillator's socket by cutting all pins except 1, 7, 8, and 14.
 
Warning: The soldering iron stuff comes next. If you have never used a
soldering iron before, DON'T START NOW! Virtually all of the people who have
attempted this upgrade have reported the soldering to be extremely difficult
and dangerous. Have an experienced solderer with you to help. The IIsi's
motherboard is a multi-layered board and can easily be damaged by excessive
heat or force. If you pull too hard, you can ruin the contacts between the
crystal and the motherboard, and then you might as well buy a new mac.
 
Desolder the 40MHz oscillator. You should see a row of little silver boxes
just to the right of the SIMM slots. The one closest to the SIMMs should say
40.000 MHz on it. This is the guy to desolder. First note the oscillator's
orientation on the board by looking at the positioning of the sharp corner
(the other 3 corners are round). The sharp corner marks pin #1.
 
You could really screw things up here, so be careful with the soldering iron.
Try working on a pair of pins at a time -- get one pin hot enough to melt the
solder, then quickly switch to the adjacent pin and heat that pin while prying
the oscillator gently away from the motherboard on the other side.  Switch
back and forth between the pair while prying until one side has been
completely detached from the motherboard, then work on the other side.Leave
pin 7 for last, make sure your iron is good and hot. Before doing pin 7, heat
up the case of the oscillator near the location of the pin (The pin is
actually connected to the case, so the case draws away a lot of the heat, and
the gradient through the board keeps the solder from melting all the way
through).
 
To help with desoldering you might consider using a solder-sucker, or a
soldering wick to help draw away the old solder. One person suggested cutting
the crystal's pins, so you can remove them one by one. Of course, if you plan
to use this method of attack, order a new 40MHz crystal along with your faster
one in case the upgrade doesn't work for you.
 
 
Put the socket into the holes where the oscillator used to be. This is the
same thing in reverse -- instead of prying off the old chip you're pushing in
the new socket. Warm up the solder in one hole in the motherboard until it's
melted and push that pin of the socket in a bit, then repeat going around
clockwise until the socket is set firmly, all the way into the motherboard.
 
Glue the heat sink on the 63030 with a bit of thermal paste, or use the
thermal tape. This solution allows the heat sink to be removed easily. On the
other hand, too heavy a heat sink with too little paste may render it loose
inside the IIsi case, a very dangerous situation.
 
Reassemble everything and you're done. You might want to put your 40MHz
oscillator into the socket first, just to make sure your computer still works.
Be sure to put it back the same way it was facing when you took it out. All of
the oscillators have 3 rounded corners and one square corner. On my machine
the square corners are all facing the bottom right on my motherboard.
 
If it works, congratulations. Pop the 40MHz crystal out of the socket and put
in the 50MHz crystal. (Do this while the computer is off, of course!) Fire up
your computer and run a benchmark. Giggle like a maniac.
 
If you're a little more ambitious (or daring) you might try this variation
suggested by James MacPhail:
 
"I tried hooking up the 57.2832 MHz on-board osc. Initially I found it did not
work with my 80ns 4M simms, but did work with 80ns 2M simms. A while later,
the 2M simms didn't work either. I found that the bottleneck was the startup
test. I wired in a switch on the cover for the expansion slot card connector
opening which selects the 40 or 57.3 MHz output. I start-up at 40 MHz, drop
into MacsBug, switch to 57 MHz (the machine crashes when the clock is
switched), and Reset. 
 
"After installing the 40/57 MHz switch, the 2M 80ns and 4M 80ns SIMMs worked
fine. (I speculate that the startup test uses the 'test mode' of the SIMMs, as
it has different timing requirements) The machine works fine thereafter at the
higher speed. (At leer two terminals connected to that pin of the 40 and 57
MHz oscs. I used wire-wrap wire, trying to keep it as short as possible (each
piece is about 5" long).
 
"Since one doesn't want to introduce static-electricity inside the case, it is
best to keep the wires inside the case, and have the switch toggle outside the
case.
ast it has worked fine for about 60 hours continuously).
 
"I used a small SPDT toggle switch, with the center terminal connected to the
motherboard at pin "8" of the 40MHz osc position, adn the other two terminals
connected to that pin of the 40 and 57 MHz oscs. I used wire-wrap wire, trying
to keep it as short as possible (each piece is about 5" long).
 
"Since one doesn't want to introduce static-electricity inside the case, it is
best to keep the wires inside the case, and have the switch toggle outside the
case.
 
I also have added interrupt and reset buttons to the back of my IIsi (these
work even when the keyboard doesn't). I don't know if the keyboard reset will
work when the clock is switched..." (email faq author for these
instructions....)
 
-----
 
Q: My CPU's only rated at 20MHz. Can the upgrade still work?
A: Possibly. In fact, virtually all of the reported successes have been on
machines with CPU's rated at only 20MHz. However, it's possible that a
percentage of those CPU's won't work at 25MHz.
	The practice of engineering products with margins of safety to cope
with random variations in component characteristics has been normal practise
for many years. Very few CPU's rated at 20MHz will work _only_ at 20MHz.
Without this buffer zone, it would be possible for a CPU rated at 20MHz to
have occasional errors when the operating environment (such as temperature)
fluctuated. Without this safety zone, a CPU operating at its rated speed might
occasionally fail.
	This means that in some instances the upgrade might be pushing the CPU
to its absolute limit, removing some if not all of this safety margin.
Computers that appeared to work flawlessly in the colder winter months might
possibly begin to exhibit failures on warmer summer days, or when other
environmental variables begin to change.
	On the other hand, your particular chip may have a safety margin that
can comfortably handle the increase. Your 20MHz 68030 might share the same
design as the 25MHz 68030, but due to irregularities in the silicon wafer and
fabrication process, just didn't pass a parameter tests at 25MHz (plus the
25MHz safety allowance). Such chips are then retested at 20MHz (or even 16MHz)
and sold as such.
	Marketing may also play a roll here. If demand for 20MHz CPUs is
higher than fabrication yield, some chips that might have achieved a 25MHz
rating could simply have never been tested beyond the 20MHz range.
	What this means is that some people may find that the upgrade won't
work at all, while others may find that a heat sink solves the problem (if
perhaps the only failed parameter test is related to excessive heat) and still
others will have no problem at all. To check and see what speed your CPU is
rated, pop the hood and look at the square chip near the bank of four vertical
plug-in memory modules. The CPU will have a label like MC68030fe20b, where the
20 represents the highest speed rating that particular chip was successfully
tested at. A couple of people have reported that their si's have actually come
with CPU's rated at 25MHz installed.
 
-----
 
Q: Why donUt I just replace my CPU with one rated at 25MHz?
A: (From James MacPhail) The answer is that it is a much more difficult and
expensive operation, and almost certainly requires expensive surface-mount
rework equipment. (And will probably destroy the old 68030 in the removal
unless the right equipment is available).
 
-----
 
Q: Can I go higher than 25MHz?
A: There were two reports that people had gone higher. One reported 27MHz off
of a 54MHz crystal, and another claimed to be running off of a 59.4MHz
crystal. However, do remember too that the assumption this upgrade bases its
validity on is that the IIsi is essentially the same as the 25MHz IIci-- going
past that speed may be really pushing an uncertain thing as it is.
 
-----
 
Q: Do I have to have SIMMs with a certain speed for this to work?
A: Nobody has tested whether a successful upgrade can be foiled by putting in
slower SIMMs, however the logic is appealing. The SIMMs in the IIci are 80ns
chips while the SIMMs in the early IIsi's are 100ns. This seems to follow
along with the 25% increase in speed the upgrades gives. 80ns = 25% faster
than 100ns. More recent si's have included 80ns chips. Keep in mind that even
though you may have upgraded your ram, there are still SIMMs soldered directly
onto the motherboard which may be rated at only 100ns.
 
-----
 
Q: What if I have a NuBus card or a FPU.
A: These seem to be the wild cards in most people's upgrade attempts. Some
successful upgrades have been made to systems with NuBus cards, but on the
other hand, most of the failures have been experienced on systems with NuBus
cards or FPU's. Nobody really seems to know why.
	Note that there _is_ a 40MHz oscillator in the Apple NuBus card, but
this does not need to be replaced. That oscillator apparently generates
signals for the NuBus only and the FPU runs off the motherboard. The fact that
some third party PDS cards contain an FPU and no oscillator supports that
conjecture. Also, one successfully upgraded machine with an FPU tested
increased FPU performance, which would again seem to suggest the FPU takes it
timing off the motherboard. But again, this is only conjecture.
 
-----
 
Q: What's the fail/success ratio?
A: A poll was taken by Tom Savard over comp.sys.mac.hardware. Here were the
results he posted:
 
Summary of IIsi 20->25MHz Upgrade Log Through 11/1
 
RAM     RAM Speed   Slot                Result 
=================================================
17      na          NuBus w/FPU         success 
na      na          empty               success 
na      na          empty               success 
17      na          NuBus w/FPU         success 
9       na          empty               success 
na      na          na                  success 
5       80 (ns)     NuBus w/FPU         success 
9       80          Quicksilver w/FPU   success 
5       na          empty               success 
17      na          030-direct w/FPU    success *
na      na          NuBus w/FPU         success #
na      na          cache card w/FPU    fail    $
na      na          NuBus w/FPU         fail    &
17      80          NuBus w/FPU         fail    !
 
* only to 22 MHz-didn't have correct crystal
# computer locked up after 5-10 Min. w/o Heatsink
$ possibly a bad oscillator
& did not have a heat sink installed
! failed with and without NuBus w/FPU installed
 
	It is important to note that any conclusions drawn from the log may be
irrelevant because the data sampling is very small and represents only
computer owners willing to post news to the net or email me.
	And, ironically, computer owners with permanently damaged systems may
no longer have the means or the desire to access the net.
 
	In all the reported failures to the net, no hardware damage occured,
and the machines were restored to operable condition by reinserting the
original 40MHz crystal back into the socket. (This is the reason for not
soldering the new crystal directly onto the motherboa…

Showing first 20,000 characters of 24,087 total. Open the full document →

Subject: AV DSP Mini-FAQ v 1.01
From: bdenckla@husc7.harvard.edu (Benjamin Denckla)
Date: 7 Dec 1993 17:43:17 GMT

	This document contains information relevant to the AV Macs, 
especially in relation to the use and programming of their DSP chip.  It 
is the product of my own experience and many helpful responses I 
have received to posts I have made.  I have taken slight liberties in 
editing responses, so what you see below are not always the exact words 
of the contributors to the FAQ.  It is structured in the typical FAQ 
format of question and answer with the questions listed at the 
beginning.  Please write me with any additions to or comments about this 
document.

Ben Denckla
Manager
Harvard University Electronic Music Studio


1. Are modem/fax software and the GeoPort telecom adapter included?
2. Does audio output from the CD have an extra stage of A/D & D/A?
3. Is there an included utility which allows digital recording of part 
of an audio CD to an AIFF file?
4. Is there an included utility which will allow me to play/record 16-
bit, 44.1KHz stereo AIFF files?
5. Is there any digital audio software available for the 660AV?
6. Is there any digital audio interfacing hardware available? (AES/EBU 
<--> DAV  or  AES/EBU <--> GeoPort)
7. What is needed to do DSP programming?
8. Where can I get example code for programs that use the AV's DSP?
9. Where can I get information about the DSP chip?
10. BugLite only supports 32-bit floating point data.  Do I really want 
to use this data type?
11. Can I use Think C to write the Macintosh part of DSP applications?
12. What happens to DSP modules I have written when the hardware 
platform changes (to PowerPC, for instance)?



.c.1. Are modem/fax software and the GeoPort telecom adapter included? 

	The Geoport adapter must be bought separately for about $125. The 
adapter comes with the modem driver software and a complete, user-level 
fax software package.  So you still need to own a separate modem 
communications program.  Contrary to what some documentation says, you 
can do 14.4Kbaud, not just 9600 baud, with the modem.
	As an aside, I would like to point out that though the AV does 
speech generation and recognition right out of the box, it can't do 
modem/fax out of the box.  Frankly I cannot believe that the number of 
users needing speech functions even approaches the number who need 
modem/fax.  A clear case of "Gee-whiz! Bells & whistles! Screw the 
user!" marketing.  Not that the $125 for the GeoPort even compares the 
the $995 for the ARTA toolkit (see below).


.c.2. Does audio output from the CD have an extra stage of A/D & D/A?

	Yes.  Evidence of this appears on p. 39 of Apple Developer Note 
#5, where the L & R outputs of the CD enter a block labelled "analog 
front end" before entering the Singer block.
	John Turpin <turpin@apple.com> confirms this and notes that the 
digital audio output from the CD is not compatible with the singer 
serial data bus.


.c.3. Is there an included utility which allows digital recording of 
part of an audio CD to an AIFF file?

	No.  In order to to this, you need to open a QuickTime-
aware application and select the audio "file" from the mounted 
CD using the File Open menu item.  You'll then get a dialog 
asking for conversion confirmation.  Then you will have a 
QuickTime movie with 16-bit audio which still needs to be 
converted to an AIFF file.  I am not sure if such a utility 
exists, but it seems probable that it does.

James Wang <jwang@soda.berkeley.edu> and <d88-jwa@nada.kth.se> 
contributed to the answer of this question.


.c.4. Is there an included utility which will allow me to play/record 
16-bit, 44.1KHz stereo AIFF files?

	No.  The bundled version of FusionRecorder does allow you to 
record this kind of audio into QuickTime movies, though.


.c.5. Is there any digital audio software available for the 660AV?

slansky_doug@macmail2.rtsg.mot.com (Doug Slansky) replies:
	Contact OSC (800-343-3325) regarding Deck II, a sound editing 
program being upgraded specifically to use the 3210 in the AVs.  See 
MacWeek (10/4/93), page 24 for details.

.c.6. Is there any digital audio interfacing hardware available? 
(AES/EBU <--> DAV  or  AES/EBU <--> GeoPort)

	Open question.


.c.7. What is needed to do DSP programming?

warnergt@cbnewsi.cb.att.com (george.t.warner) replies:
	Tools for DSP development under the Apple Real Time Architecture  
(ARTA) on AV Macs are available for $995 from:

Spectral Innovations
1885 Lundy Avenue, Suite 208
San Jose, CA  95131
408/955-0366
macdsp@applelink.apple.com

	You will need MPW to use these tools. The tools include the AT&T 
DSP3210 assembler, linker/loader, simulator, Macsbug D Commands, Apple 
Snoopy browser/debugger, and Apple BugLite graphical DSP module 
installer. It does not include the C Compiler but as you may have 
already read, the compiler is not very good.  Fortunately, DSP3210 
assembly programming (unlike other DSPs) is very C-like, so getting up 
to speed is not too difficult.  The main part is getting used to the 
latencies involved with the pipelined architecture. 
	Additionally, the AT&T Application Library includes many (about 
100?) useful DSP algorithms (FFTs, FIR and IIR filters) with complete 
source code.  It should sell for about $100.

walter_horat@rasterops.com (Walter Horat) replies:
	Apple got the 3210 tools from AT&T, which were written to use VCOS 
(AT&Ts 3210 realtime O/S).  Apple modified the tools somewhat for use on 
the Mac, and began shipping them to developers.  When Apple realized 
that it might cost money to actually *support* the tools, they foisted 
the tools off on a company called Spectral Innovations (actually not a 
bad choice since Spectral has been doing programming for AT&T DSPs for 
over five years). 
	BTW, the 'C' compiler is a complete piece of shit.  It produces 
some of the worst code I have ever seen (trying to do a matrix multiply 
in 3210 'C' ran 5 times slower than the host 68k on a Quadra 700 - 
rewriting the same in assembler ran 7-8 times *faster*).  If you do any 
serious 3210 programming, you will need to learn 3210 assembler.

Ben Denckla replies:
	I now own the ARTA toolkit and have a few comments about it.  
First of all, a few picky remarks about the documentation.  It comes in 
two parts: 
	A. A big stack of 3-hole punched looseleaf paper, containing about 
10 different sections, only two of which are separated from each other 
in any manner (you have to hunt through and separate out the documents).  
No overall table of contents, not even an overall list of contents.
	B. A spiral bound, bad photocopy of the AT&T DSP3210 manual.  The 
photocopy is blurry and has at least one page out of order (the first 
page of the table of contents, actually).  It's unclear why they don't 
just get some from AT&T since AT&T is willing to send out the real thing 
for free (see below).
	There are only 3 tiny examples of realtime DSP modules included, 
and I believe only 1 timeshare task example exists.  The examples are 
not well-documented.
	The cost is amazingly prohibitive.  If you look at the price of 
APDA developer's toolkits for things like Telephone Manager, Sound 
Manager, or MIDI Manager, they are less than one tenth the price ($75, 
$50, and $35 respectively).  I thought my 660AV was going to be a real 
steal for $1820 + whatever development tools were needed.  Well I had no 
clue that that "whatever" would be $995, more than half of the price of 
the computer itself.  So the 660AV makes a lot of sense: it does speech 
generation and recognition (two capabilites that are really only needed 
for people with disabilities) right out of the box, but you have to pay 
$995 to actually be able to program the thing.  Does the price of such 
DSP development software reflect the fact that DSP programming is an 
esoteric activity, or does it _cause_ DSP programming to remain 
esoteric?  I thought the 660AV was a revolution in bringing DSP 
programming onto the personal desktop.  I was wrong, because the cost of 
the development software shattered the illusion of the bargain.


.c.8. Where can I get example code for programs that use the AV's DSP?

	See question #7 for description of DSP module examples that come 
with the ARTA toolkit.

Author:       George Warner <warnergt@aloft.att.com>
Name:         ARTAbrot 1.1
Description:  Mandelbrot program
Source Code:  Mac & DSP
Location:     sumex-aim.stanford.edu
              archive.umich.edu
              AmericaOnLine
              AppleLink (Developer Code Submissions area)

Author:       Malcolm Slaney <malcolm@apple.com>:
Name:         VUMeters
Description:  simulates analog VU meters
Source Code:  Mac (Think C) & DSP
Location:     ears.atg.apple.com


.c.9. Where can I get information about the DSP chip?

	Call AT&T Microelectronics (1-800-372-2447) and ask for the "AT&T 
DSP3210 Digital Signal Processor Information Manual".  They sent it out 
to me quickly & for free.


.c.10. BugLite only supports 32-bit floating point data.  Do I really 
want to use this data type?

walter_horat@rasterops.com (Walter Horat) replies:
	I used to think the same way before programming on the 3210 (I 
don't need floats, so I'll just program in integer arithmetic).  Once 
you get into the architecture of the chip and the instruction set, you 
realize that it really was designed *only* to manipulate floating point 
data types.  The integer operations which the chip supports are not very 
robust, for instance there is no integer multiply.  But, you can 
effectively convert a 8 or 16 bit integer (in signed, unsigned, u-law or 
a-law format) to a dsp-floating point number in a single instruction 
cycle.  The reverse conversion is just as fast.  And you can convert 
from dsp/ieee and ieee/dsp format in a single instruction (an 
instruction takes four cycles to process, but the 3210 has a four-stage 
pipeline, so instructions effectively complete in 1 cycle)


.c.11. Can I use Think C to write the Macintosh part of DSP 
applications?

Malcolm Slaney <malcolm@apple.com> replies:
	YES!  The VUMeters application [see question #8] was done this 
way. Only the DSP code needs to be compiled under MPW.  The ARTA Toolkit 
does include a good  DSP simulator which definitely makes code 
development easier.


.c.12. What happens to DSP modules I have written when the hardware 
platform changes (to PowerPC, for instance)?

warnergt@cbnewsi.cb.att.com (george.t.warner) replies:
	The DSP3210 will not go away when the PowerPCs come out.  While 
Apple has not yet announced what their plans are, I can say that it is 
very likely that third parties will make plug-in DSP3210 boards for 
PowerPCs not equipped with a DSP.

From: Louis_Bergeron@UQAT.UQuebec.CA
Date: Sun, 28 Aug 94 07:23:44 -0400
Subject: Re: Where to get the latest PGP FAQ

this could be of interest to readers of info-mac. I cannot modify the heading my
mail server added which identify me and add other trash info before the main 
message and it is why I send the message to you instead of to the list.

There is already a HOW TO PGP in the archive and that message could be added 
also. Now it is LEGAL to use MACPGP 2.6 in U.S. and CANADA. For other countries 
it is their problem.

thanks

.......................................................................

FROM: mpj/externe////////HPMEXT1/mpj#a#netcom#f#com@Panoramix
TO: Bergeron_Louis/UQAT@Panoramix

.......................................................................

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Date: Mon, 8 Aug 1994 11:31:04 -0700 (PDT)
From: Michael Paul Johnson <mpj@netcom.com>
Subject: Re: Where to get the latest PGP FAQ
To: Bergeron_Louis/UQAT@PANORAMIX.UQSS.UQuebec.CA
In-Reply-To: <H0000a4601439b96@MHS>
Message-Id: <Pine.3.89.9408081157.A7697-0100000@netcom3>
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.......................................................................


The following FAQ is kept at
ftp://ftp.csn.net/mpj/getpgp.asc
and at
ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/mpj/getpgp.asc

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----


WHERE TO GET THE PRETTY GOOD PRIVACY PROGRAM (PGP)
(Last modified: 13 June 1994 by Mike Johnson)

WHAT IS THE LATEST VERSION?

There is more than one latest version.  Pick one or more of the following
that best suits your computer, patent restrictions, and export restrictions.
Some countries (like France) may also restrict import or even use of strong
cryptography like PGP.

 |-----------------|--------------|-------------|---------------------|
 | Platform(s)     | Countries    | Allowed Use | Latest Version      |
 |-----------------|--------------|-------------|---------------------|
 | DOS, Unix,      | USA & Canada | Commercial  | Viacrypt PGP 2.7    |
 | or WinCIM/CSNav |              | Personal    |                     |
 |                 |              | Research    |                     |
 |-----------------|--------------|-------------|---------------------|
 | DOS, Unix, Mac, | USA & Canada | Personal    | MIT PGP 2.6         |
 | OS/2, others    |              | Research    |                     |
 |-----------------|--------------|-------------|---------------------|
 | DOS, Unix, Mac, | Most of the  | Personal    | PGP 2.6ui           |
 | OS/2, others    | world except | Research    |                     |
 |                 | the USA.     |             |                     |
 |-----------------|--------------|-------------|---------------------|
 | Mac Applescript | Most of the  | Personal    | MacPGP 2.6ui v 1.2  |
 |                 | world except | Research    |                     |
 |                 | the USA.     |             |                     |
 |-----------------|--------------|-------------|---------------------|
 | Mac Applescript | USA          | Research    | MacPGP 2.6ui v 1.2  |
 |-----------------|--------------|-------------|---------------------|
 | Amiga           | Most of the  | Personal    | Amiga PGP 2.6 b0.6  |
 |                 | world except | Research    |                     |
 |                 | the USA.     |             |                     |
 |-----------------|--------------|-------------|---------------------|
 | Amiga           | USA          | Personal    | Amiga PGP 2.6 0b0.6 |
 |                 |              | Research    |                     |
 |-----------------|--------------|-------------|---------------------|
 | Atari           | Most of the  | Personal    | Atari PGP 2.3a      |
 |                 | world except | Research    |                     |
 |                 | the USA.     |             |                     |
 |-----------------|--------------|-------------|---------------------|
 | Atari           | USA          | Research    | Atari PGP 2.3a      |
 |-----------------|--------------|-------------|---------------------|
 | Any of the      | Countries    | Commercial  | Any of the above    |
 | above           | where IDEA   | Personal    |                     |
 |                 | is not       | Research    |                     |
 |                 | patented and |             |                     |
 |                 | cryptography |             |                     |
 |                 | is not       |             |                     |
 |                 | restricted.  |             |                     |
 |-----------------|--------------|-------------|---------------------|

Note:  there are other versions available, but these are either old, or
outside of the mainstream PGP project.  Look for new versions from one of
three sources:  Viacrypt (Commercial), MIT (North American freeware), or
mathew@mantis.co.uk (the unofficially non-designated holder of the unofficial
international version that parallels what Philip Zimmermann and the rest of
the PGP development team is doing in the USA.


WHAT IS ALL THIS NONSENSE ABOUT EXPORT CONTROLS?

For a detailed rant, get ftp://ftp.csn.net/mpj/cryptusa.zip

The practical meaning, until the law is corrected to make sense, is that you
are requested to get PGP from sites outside of the USA and Canada if you are
outside of the USA and Canada.  If you are in France, I understand that you
aren't even supposed import it.  Other countries may be worse.


WHERE CAN I GET VIACRYPT PGP?

Versions are available for DOS, Unix, or WinCIM/CSNav
Commercial software.  Call 800-536-2664 to order.

If you are a commercial user of PGP in the USA or Canada, contact Viacrypt in
Phoenix, Arizona, USA.  The commecial version of PGP is fully licensed to use
the patented RSA and IDEA encryption algorithms in commercial applications,
and may be used in corporate environments in the USA and Canada.  It is fully
compatible with, functionally the same as, and just as strong as the freeware
version of PGP. Due to limitations on ViaCrypt's RSA distribution license,
ViaCrypt only distributes executable code and documentation for it, but they
are working on making PGP available for a variety of platforms.  Call or
write to them for the latest information.  The latest version number for
their version of PGP is 2.7.

Upgrade from Viacrypt PGP 2.4 to 2.7 is free if you bought version 2.4 after
May 27, 1994, otherwise the upgrade is US$10.

Viacrypt's licensing and price information is as follows:

ViaCrypt PGP for MS-DOS             1 user        $  99.98
ViaCrypt PGP for MS-DOS             5 users       $ 299.98
ViaCrypt PGP for MS-DOS       20 users or more, call ViaCrypt


ViaCrypt PGP for UNIX               1 user        $ 149.98
ViaCrypt PGP for UNIX               5 users       $ 449.98
ViaCrypt PGP for UNIX         20 users or more, call ViaCrypt

ViaCrypt PGP for WinCIM/CSNav       1 user        $ 119.98
ViaCrypt PGP for WinCIM/CSNav       5 user        $ 359.98
ViaCrypt PGP for WinCIM/CSNav 20 users or more, call ViaCrypt

If you wish to place an order please call 800-536-2664 during the
hours of 8:30am to 5:00pm MST, Monday - Friday.  They accept VISA,
MasterCard, AMEX and Discover credit cards.

If you have further questions, please feel free to contact:
 Paul E. Uhlhorn
 Director of Marketing, ViaCrypt Products
 Mail:          2104 W. Peoria Ave
                Phoenix AZ 85029
 Phone:         (602) 944-0773
 Fax:           (602) 943-2601
 Internet:      viacrypt@acm.org
 Compuserve:    70304.41


WHERE CAN I GET MIT PGP?

MIT PGP is Copyrighted freeware.
Telnet to net-dist.mit.edu, log in as getpgp, answer the questions, then ftp
to net-dist.mit.edu and change to the hidden directory named in the telnet
session to get your own copy.

MIT-PGP is for U. S. and Canadian use only, but MIT is only distributing it
within the USA (due to some archaic export control laws).

1.  Read ftp://net-dist.mit.edu/pub/PGP/mitlicen.txt and agree to it.
2.  Read ftp://net-dist.mit.edu/pub/PGP/rsalicen.txt and agree to it.
3.  Telnet to net-dist.mit.edu and log in as getpgp.
4.  Answer the questions and write down the directory name listed.
5.  QUICKLY end the telnet session with ^C and ftp to the indicated directory
    on net-dist.mit.edu (something like /pub/PGP/dist/U.S.-only-????) and get
    the distribution files (pgp26.zip, pgp26doc.zip, pgp26src.tar.gz,
    MacPGP2.6.sea.hqx, and MacPGP2.6.src.sea.hqx).
    If the hidden directory name is invalid, start over at step 3, above.

File names (shortened file names are for DOS BBS distribution):
pgp26doc.zip - documentation only
pgp26.zip    - includes DOS executable & documentation
pgp26src.zip - source code
pgp26src.tar or pgp26src.tar.gz - source code release for Unix and others
macpgp26.hqx or MacPGP2.6.sea.hqx - Macintosh executable & documentation
macpgp26.src or MacPGP2.6.src.sea.hqx - Macintosh source code
mcpgp268.hqx or MacPGP2.6-68000.sea.hqx - Macintosh executable for 68000
pgp26os2.zip - OS/2 executable (may not be on the MIT archive)


RSA and IDEA algorithms licenced for personal and noncommercial use.
Uses RSAREF, which may not be modified without RSADSI permission.
Contains "time bomb" to start generating messages incompatible with PGP 2.3
and 2.4 on 1 September 1994 as an incentive for people to not use PGP 2.3a in
the USA, which RSADSI claims infringes on their patents.  Mac versions are
not yet Applescriptable.  This version is not intended for export from the
USA and Canada due to the USA's International Traffic in Arms Regulations and
Canada's corresponding regulations.

You can also get MIT PGP 2.6 from:

ftp.csn.net/mpj
    ftp://ftp.csn.net/mpj/I_will_not_export/crypto_???????/pgp/pgp26.zip
    ftp://ftp.csn.net/mpj/I_will_not_export/crypto_???????/pgp/pgp26src.zip
    ftp://ftp.csn.net/mpj/I_will_not_export/crypto_???????/pgp/pgp26os2.zip
ftp://ftp.csn.net/mpj/I_will_not_export/crypto_???????/pgp/pgp26src.tar.gz
    ftp://ftp.csn.net/mpj/I_will_not_export/crypto_???????/pgp/mac
        MacPGP2.6.sea.hqx
        MacPGP2.6.src.sea.hqx
        MacPGP2.6-68000.sea.hqx
    ftp://ftp.csn.net/mpj/I_will_not_export/crypto_???????/pgp/amiga/
        pgp26-amiga0b0.6-000.lha
        pgp26-amiga0b0.6-020.lha
        pgp26-amiga0b0.6-src.lha
        amiga.txt
    See ftp://ftp.csn.net/mpj/README.MPJ for the ???????
    See ftp://ftp.csn.net/mpj/help for more help on negotiating this site's
    export control methods.

ftp.netcom.com/pub/mpj
    ftp://ftp.netcom.com/mpj/I_will_not_export/crypto_???????/pgp/pgp26.zip
ftp://ftp.netcom.com/mpj/I_will_not_export/crypto_???????/pgp/pgp26src.tar.gz
    ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/mpj/I_will_not_export/crypto_???????/pgp/
        MacPGP2.6.sea.hqx
    ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/mpj/I_will_not_export/crypto_???????/pgp/
        MacPGP2.6.src.sea.hqx
        MacPGP2.6-68000.sea.hqx
    See ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/mpj/README.MPJ for the ???????
    See ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/mpj/help for more help on negotiating this
    site's export control methods.
    TO GET THESE FILES BY EMAIL, send mail to ftp-request@netcom.com
    containing the word HELP in the body of the message for instructions.
    You will have to work quickly to get README.MPJ then the files before
    the ??????? part of the path name changes again (several times a day).

ftp.eff.org
    Follow the instructions found in README.Dist that you get from one of:
    ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/Net_info/Tools/Crypto/README.Dist
    gopher.eff.org, 1/Net_info/Tools/Crypto
    gopher://gopher.eff.org/11/Net_info/Tools/Crypto
    http://www.eff.org/pub/Net_info/Tools/Crypto/

COMPUSERVE

The NCSA Forum sysops have a library that is available only to people who
send them a message asserting that they are within the U. S. A.  This library
contains PGP.  I have also seen PGP 2.6 in some other places on Compuserve.
Try searching for PGP26.ZIP in the IBMFF forum for up-to-date information on
PGP in selected other areas.  The last time I tried a search like this, PGP
2.6 was found in the PC World Online forum (GO PWOFORUM) new uploads area,
along with several PGP shells and accessories.  I've also heard that
EUROFORUM caries PGP 2.6ui, but have not confirmed this.

Compuserve file names are even more limited than DOS, so the file names to
look for are PGP26.ZIP, PGP26S.ZIP (source code), and PGP26D.ZIP
(documentation only).


Colorado Catacombs BBS
    Mike Johnson, sysop
    Mac and DOS versions of PGP, PGP shells, and some other crypto stuff.
    Also the home of some good Bible search files and some shareware written
    by Mike Johnson, including DLOCK, CRYPTA, CRYPTE, CRYPTMPJ, MCP, MDIR,
    DELETE, PROVERB, SPLIT, ONEPAD, etc.
    v.FAST/v.32bis/v.42bis, speeds up to 28,800 bps
    8 data bits, 1 stop, no parity, as fast as your modem will go.
    Use ANSI terminal emulation, of if you can't, try VT-100.
    Free access to PGP.  If busy or no answer, try again later.
    Log in with your own name, or if someone else already used that, try
    a variation on your name or pseudonym.  You can request access to
    crypto software on line, and if you qualify legally under the ITAR,
    you can download on the first call.
    Download file names:  pgp26.zip (DOS version with documentation)
                          pgp26src.tar (Unix version and source code)
                          pgp26doc.zip (Documentation only -- exportable)
                          macpgp26.hqx (MacPGP executables, binhexed .sea)
                          macpgp26.src (MacPGP source, binhexed .sea)
                          mcpgp268.hqx (MacPGP executables, binhexed .sea for
                                        68000 processor).
    (303) 772-1062  Longmont, Colorado number - 2 lines.
    (303) 938-9654  Boulder, Colorado number forwarded to Longmont number
                    intended for use by people in the Denver, Colorado area.
    Verified: This morning.

    Hieroglyphics Voodoo Machine (Colorado)
    Jim Still (aka Johannes Keppler), sysop.
    DOS, OS2, and Mac versions.
    (303) 443-2457
    For free access for PGP, DLOCK, Secure Drive, etc., log in as "VOO DOO"
    with the password "NEW" (good for 30 minutes access to free files).

Other BBS and ftp sites do have these files, as well.  I noticed that
PGP26.ZIP is being distributed on FIDONET.


WHERE CAN I GET PGP FOR USE OUTSIDE OF THE USA?

The latest for outside the USA is the "Unofficial International" PGP 2.6 for
most platforms, MacPGP 2.3aV1.2 for the Mac (although 2.6ui is under
development and should appear very soon), and 2.3a3 for the Amiga.  The
latest amiga version is fully compatible with MIT's PGP 2.6.

Copyrighted freeware.
Version 2.6ui released by mathew@mantis.co.uk.
Amiga version 2.3a3 released by Peter Simons <simons@peti.gun.de>

These versions do NOT use RSAREF.  No RSA patent problems outside the USA, but
this version is not legal for commercial or extensive personal use in the
USA.  IDEA licensed for presonal use only in countries where the IDEA patent
holds.

The freeware version of PGP is intended for noncommercial, experimental, and
scholarly use.  It is available on thousands of BBSes, commercial information
services, and Internet anonymous-ftp archive sites on the planet called
Earth.  This list cannot be comprehensive, but it should give you plenty of
pointers to places to find PGP.  Although the latest freeware version of PGP
was released from outside the USA (England), it is not supposed to be
exported from the USA under a strange law called the International Traffic in
Arms Regulations (ITAR).  Because of this, please get PGP from a site outside
the USA if you are outside of the USA and Canada.  Even though the RSAREF
license associated with PGP 2.6 from MIT no longer prohibits use outside the
USA, it still carries the not-for-profit restriction that the original RSA
code in PGP 2.6ui doesn't have.  On the other hand, patents on the IDEA
cipher may limit PGP use in your country to nonprofit applications, anyway.
Indeed, I understand that there are some countries where private electronic
mail is not legal, anyway.

These listings are subject to change without notice.  If you find that PGP has
been removed from any of these sites, please let me know so that I can update
this list.  Likewise, if you find PGP on a good site elsewhere (especially on
any BBS that allows first time callers to access PGP for free), please let me
know so that I can update this list.

Source code (gzipped tar format):
     * _UK:_ ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/pgp/pgp26ui-src.tar.gz
     * _UK:_ ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/pgp/pgp26ui-src.tar.gz.sig
     * _IT:_ ftp://ftp.dsi.unimi.it/pub/security/crypt/PGP/pgp26ui-src.tar.gz
     * _IT:_
      ftp://ftp.dsi.unimi.it/pub/security/crypt/PGP/pgp26ui-src.tar.gz.sig.gz
     * _TW:_ ftp://nctuccca.edu.tw/PC/wuarchive/pgp/pgp26ui-src.tar.gz
     * _TW:_ ftp://nctuccca.edu.tw/PC/wuarchive/pgp/pgp26ui-src.tar.gz.sig.gz

Source code (zip format):
     * _UK:_ ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/pgp/pgp26uis.sig
     * _UK:_ ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/pgp/pgp26uis.zip
     * _IT:_ ftp://ftp.dsi.unimi.it/pub/security/crypt/PGP/pgp26uis.sig
     * _IT:_ ftp://ftp.dsi.unimi.it/pub/security/crypt/PGP/pgp26uis.zip
     * _TW:_ ftp://nctuccca.edu.tw/PC/wuarchive/pgp/pgp26uis.zip

Executable for DOS (zip format):
     * _UK:_ ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/pgp/pgp26uix.sig
     * _UK:_ ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/pgp/pgp26uix.zip
     * _IT:_ ftp://ftp.dsi.unimi.it/pub/security/crypt/PGP/pgp26uix.sig
     * _IT:_ ftp://ftp.dsi.unimi.it/pub/security/crypt/PGP/pgp26uix.zip

MacIntosh:
     * _DE:_
         ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/pub/virus/crypt/pgp/mac
               /MacPGP2.6ui_beta.sit.hqx
     * _IT:_
ftp://ftp.dsi.unimi.it/pub/security/PGP/MacPGP2.6ui_V1.2sources.cpt.hqx

Other sites to look for the above mentioned files at:

    ftp.informatik.uni-hamburg.de
      /pub/virus/crypt/pgp
      This site has most, if not all, of the current PGP files.

    ftp.wimsey.bc.ca
        /pub/crypto/software/dist/US_or_Canada_only_XXXXXXX/PGP
        (U. S. and Canadian users only)
        See /pub/crypto/software/README for the characters for XXXXXXXX
        This site has all public releases of the freeware PGP from 1.0 through 2.6 and
        2.6ui.

    black.ox.ac.uk  (129.67.1.165)
        /src/security/pgp26uix.zip    (MS-DOS executables & docs)
        /src/security/pgp26uis.zip    (Unix, MS-DOS, VMS, Amiga sources,
                                      docs, info on building PGP into
                                      mailers, editors, etc.)
                                      There are several other versions of PGP
                                      here, including the MIT release.

    ftp.csn.net
      /mpj/public/pgp/ contains PGP shells, faq documentation, language kits.

    ftp.netcom.com
      /pub/dcosenza -- Some crypto stuff, sometimes includes PGP.
      /pub/gbe/pgpfaq.asc -- frequently asked questions answered.
      /pub/qwerty -- How to MacPGP Guide, largest steganography ftp site as
                     well.  PGP FAQ, crypto FAQ, US Crypto Policy FAQ,
                     Steganograpy software list. MacUtilites for use with
                     MacPGP.  Stealth1.1 + other steganography programs.
                     Send mail to qwerty@netcom.com with the subject
                     "Bomb me!" to get the PGP FAQ and MacPGP guide if you
                     don't have ftp access.

    ftp.ee.und.ac.za
      /pub/crypto/pgp
    soda.berkeley.edu
      /pub/cypherpunks/pgp (DOS, MAC)
    ftp.demo…

Showing first 20,000 characters of 29,543 total. Open the full document →

Date: Mon, 21 Mar 94 08:34:11 EST
From: elharo@shock.njit.edu (Elliotte Rusty Harold)
Subject: faq submission

Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.apps,comp.sys.mac.misc,comp.sys.mac.system,comp.sys.mac.wanted,comp.sys.mac.hardware,comp.answers,news.answers
Subject: Introductory Macintosh frequently asked questions (FAQ)
From: elharo@shock.njit.edu  (Elliotte Rusty Harold)
Reply-To: elharo@shock.njit.edu
Followup-To: comp.sys.mac.misc
Organization: Dept. of Mathematics, NJIT
Keywords: FAQ, Macintosh, Mac, macintosh, mac, general, introduction
Summary: This document answers a number of the most frequently asked
 questions on Usenet about Macintosh computers.  To avoid wasting 
 bandwidth and as a matter of politeness please familiarize yourself 
 with this document BEFORE posting.
Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.edu

Archive-name: macintosh/general-faq


MACINTOSH FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
====================================


comp.sys.mac.faq, part 1:
Introduction to the Macintosh Newsgroups
Copyright 1994 by Elliotte Harold
Version: 2.2.5
Last-modified: March 12, 1994


What's new in version 2.2.5:
----------------------------

    2.1: Where can I FTP Macintosh software?

         In general everyone should try to connect to a mirror site 
         rather than directly to sumex or mac.archive.
    
    3.6: Isolate the problem
    
          I've added two new steps, remove all external SCSI devices,
          and unplug all cables.  


TABLES OF CONTENTS
==================

General FAQ
-----------
I.   I have a question...
      1. How do I use this document?
      2. What other information is available?
      3. Which newsgroup should I post to?
      4. How should I answer frequently asked questions?
II.  FTP
      1. Where can I FTP Macintosh software?
      2. Can I get shareware by E-mail?
      3. Where can I find application X?
      4. Where can I find an application to do X?
      5. Can someone mail me application X?
      6. What is .bin?  .hqx?  .cpt?  .image? .etc.?
      7. How can I get BinHex?  StuffIt?  etc.?
      8. How can I get BinHex, StuffIt, etc. from a PC?
III.  Troubleshooting.  What to do when things go wrong
      1. Identify the problem.
      2. Read the READ ME file.
      3. Check for viruses.
      4. Reinstall the application and all its support files.
      5. Reinstall the system software.
      6. Isolate the problem.
      7. Contact technical support.
IV.  Preventive Maintenance
      1. Trash Unneeded Files
      2. Reevaluate Your Extensions
      3. Rebuild the desktop.
      4. Zap the PRAM and Reset the Clock
      5. Resize the system heap.  (System 6 only)
      6. Reinstall the system software.
      7. Disk Utilities
      8. Backing Up
      9. Disk Defragmentation
     10. Reformatting and partitioning your hard disk
V.   Meta-FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions about the FAQ)
      1. There's a mistake in your FAQ.
      2. Why don't you include this complicated/payware solution?
      3. Would you please include my software in your FAQ?
      4. Why don't you post the FAQ more often?
      5. Can you help me with this problem I'm having with my Mac?
      6. Will you send me the FAQ?
      7. Why don't you format the FAQ in Word?  Digest?  etc.?


comp.sys.mac.system
-------------------

I.   Memory
      1. Why is my system using so much memory?
      2. What is Mode 32?  the 32-bit enabler?  Do I need them?
      3. Cache and Carry (How much memory should I allot to my cache?)
II.  System Software
      1. Why does Apple charge for System 7.1?
      2. What does System 7.1 give me for my $35 that System 7.0 doesn't?
      3. Where can I get System 7.1?
      4. How can I use System 6 on a System 7 only Mac?
      5. Non-US scripts and systems
      6. What is System 7 Tuneup?  Do I need it?
      7. Why do my DA's disappear when I turn on MultiFinder?
      8. Do I need System 7.0.1?
      9. How can I get System 7.0.1 on 800K disks?
III. Hard Disks, Filesharing, and the File System
      1. Help! My folder disappeared!
      2. Why can't I throw this folder away?
      3. Why can't I share my removable drive?
      4. Why can't I eject this SyQuest cartridge?  CD-ROM?  etc.?
      5. Why can't I rename my hard disk?
      6. How do I change my hard disk icon?
IV.  Fonts
      1. How do I convert between Windows fonts and Mac fonts?
         TrueType and PostScript?
      2. What font will my screen/printer use when different types 
         are installed?
      3. Where should I put my fonts?
V.   Miscellaneous:
      1. What does System Error XXX mean?
      2. What is a Type Y error?
      3. What is A/ROSE?
      4. Easy Access or One Answer, Many Questions
      5. How can I keep multiple system folders on one hard disk?
      6. How do I access the programmer's key?


comp.sys.mac.misc
-----------------

I.   Viruses
      1. Help!  I have a virus!
      2. Reporting new viruses
II.  Printing and PostScript
      1. How do I make a PostScript file?
      2. How do I print a PostScript file?
      3. Why won't my PostScript file print on my mainframe's printer?
      4. Why are my PostScript files so big?
      5. How can I print PostScript on a non-PostScript printer?
      6. How do I make my ImageWriter II print in color?
      7. Why doesn't PrintMonitor work with the ImageWriter?
      8. Why did my document change when I printed it?
      9. How can I preview a PostScript file?
     10. Can I use a LaserJet or other PC printer with my Mac?
     11. How can I print grey scales on my StyleWriter I?
III. DOS and the Mac
      1. How can I move files between a Mac and a PC?
      2. How can I translate files to a DOS format?
      3. Should I buy SoftPC or a real PC?
IV.  Security
     1.  How can I password protect a Mac?
     2.  How can I password protect a file?
     3.  How can I password protect a folder?
     4.  How can I prevent software piracy?
     5.  How can I keep a hard drive in a fixed configuration?
V.   Sound
      1. How can I copy a track from an audio CD onto my Mac?
      2. How can I extract a sound from a QuickTime movie?
      3. How can I convert/play a mod/wav/etc. file?
VI.  No particular place to go  (Miscellaneous Miscellanea)
      1. Are there any good books about the Mac?
      2. How do I take a picture of the screen?
      3. How do I use a picture for my desktop?
      4. Can I Replace the "Welcome to Macintosh" box with a picture?
      5. What is AutoDoubler? SpaceSaver? More Disk Space? Are they safe?
      6. How do they compare to TimesTwo, Stacker and eDisk?
      7. Where did my icons go?
      8. Where can I find a user group?
      9. Where can Ifind the 1984 Quicktime movie?
     10. Do RAM Doubler and Optimem work?
     11. I'm greedy.  Can I triple my RAM?
     12. How do I run software that needs an FPU on a Mac that doesn't 
         have one?


comp.sys.mac.apps
-----------------

I.   What's the Best...
      1. Text editor
      2. Word processor
      3. Genealogy software
      4. TeX/LaTeX
      5. Integrated application
      6. Spreadsheet
      7. JPEG Viewer
      8. Electronic publishing software
      9. Drawing application
      10. Typing tutor?
      11. OCR software?
II.  Microsoft Word
      1. How can I assign styles to characters?
      2. How can I automatically generate cross-references?
      3. How can I change a Word document to TeX?  and vice-versa?
      4. How can I depersonalize Word?
      5. Where can I get more information?
III. TeachText
      1. How can I change the font in TeachText?
      2. How do I place a picture in a TeachText file?
      3. How do I make a TeachText document read-only?


comp.sys.mac.wanted
-------------------

I.   Buying and Selling Used Equipment
     1. Should I buy/sell on Usenet?
     2. Where should I buy/sell used equipment?
     3. I've decided to completely ignore your excellent advice and
        post my ad anyway.  What should I do?
     4. I've decided to completely ignore your excellent advice and
        buy something offered for sale on the net anyway.  How can 
        I avoid being ripped off?
II.  Fair Market Value
     1. How much is my computer worth?
     2. What is used software worth?
     3. Going prices?
III. Where Should I Buy a New Mac?
     1. Authorized Dealers
     2. VAR's
     3. Superstores
     4. Performas
     5. Educational Dealers
     6. Direct From Apple
     7. Auctions
     8. Does anyone know a dealer in New York City?
     9. New Equipment Prices
IV.  When Should I buy a New Mac?
     1. Macrotime
     2. Microtime
     3. When will I get my Mac?
V.   How Should I Buy a New Mac?
     1. Know what you want
     2. The dealer needs to sell you a mac more than you need to buy one
     3. Have a competitor's ad handy
     4. Cash on delivery
     5. The sales tax game
     6. Leasing
     7. Be nice to the salesperson.
VI.  The Gray Market and Mail Order
     1. What is the gray market?
     2. Are gray market Macs covered by Apple warranties?
     3. Does anyone know a good mail-order company?


ADMINISTRIVIA
=============

Copyright
---------

       This work is Copyright 1994 by Elliotte M. Harold.  Permission
  is hereby granted to transmit and store this document as part of an
  unedited collection of any newsgroup to which it is posted by myself.
  I also grant permission to distribute unmodified copies of this
  document online via bulletin boards, online services, and other
  providers of electronic communications provided that no fees in
  excess of normal online charges are required for such distribution;
  i.e. if the FAQ is available on a system, it must be available at
  the minimum charge for accessing the system.  For instance you may
  post it to most BBS's that charge either a flat monthly fee or a
  per hour rate.  However if there is an extra charge for downloading
  files over what is charged per normal access, either per hour, per
  kilobyte, or per month, then the FAQ may not be posted to that
  system without my explicit, prior permission.  Portions of this
  document may be extracted and quoted free of charge and without
  necessity of citation in normal online communication provided
  only that said quotes are not represented as the correspondent's
  original work.  Permission for quotation of this document in
  edited, online communication (such as the Info-Mac Digest and
  TidBITS) is given subject to normal citation procedures (i.e. you
  have to say where you got it).  If you wish to republish this FAQ
  in a modified form or in a non-electronic medium, please contact
  me with specific details.  I'm normally receptive to non-profits
  that wish to redistribute it at no charge, and to anyone who
  is willing to make reasonable remunerative arrangements for
  non-exclusive republication rights.


Disclaimer
----------

       I do my best to ensure that information contained
  in this document is current and accurate, but I can accept no
  responsibility for actions resulting from information contained
  herein.  This document is provided as is and with no warranty of
  any kind.  Corrections and suggestions should be addressed to
  elharo@shock.njit.edu.


Trademarks
----------

       Apple, Macintosh, LaserWriter, ImageWriter, Finder, HyperCard
  and MultiFinder are registered trademarks and PowerBook is a
  trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.  Linotronic is a registered
  trademark of Linotype-Hell AG, Inc.  PostScript is a registered
  trademark and Illustrator and Photoshop are trademarks of Adobe
  Systems, Inc.  Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft
  Corporation.  PageMaker is a registered trademark of Aldus Corp. 
  AutoDoubler and DiskDoubler are trademarks of Fifth Generation
  Systems, Inc. StuffIt and StuffIt Deluxe are trademarks of Raymond
  Lau and Aladdin Systems, Inc.  StuffIt SpaceSaver is a trademark
  of Aladdin Systems, Inc.  More Disk Space is a trademark of Alysis
  Software Corporation.  TimesTwo is a trademark of Golden Triangle
  Computers, Inc.  UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T.  All other
  tradenames are trademarks of their respective manufacturers.


How to Get the Entire FAQ
-------------------------

       This is the FIRST part of the this FAQ.  The second part is
  posted to comp.sys.mac.system and features many questions about
  system software.  The third part answers miscellaneous questions
  about Macs and is posted every two weeks in comp.sys.mac.misc.  
  The fourth part covers frequently asked questions about Macintosh
  application software and appears in comp.sys.mac.apps.  The fifth
  part covers buying and selling Macintosh computers, software and
  peripherals and is posted in comp.sys.mac.wanted.  Tables of
  contents for those three pieces are included above.  Please
  familiarize yourself with all five sections of this document
  before posting.
 
       All pieces are available for anonymous ftp from rtfm.mit.edu
  [18.70.0.209] in the directory pub/usenet/news.answers/macintosh.
  Except for this introductory FAQ which appears in multiple
  newsgroups and is stored as general-faq, the name of each 
  file has the format of the last part of the group name followed 
  by "-faq", e.g the FAQ for comp.sys.mac.system is stored as
  system-faq.  You can also have these files mailed to you
  by sending an E-mail message to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with the
  line:  send pub/usenet/news.answers/macintosh/"name"  in the body
  text where "name" is the name of the file you want as  specified
  above (e.g. general-faq).  You can also send this server a message
  with the subject "help" for more detailed instructions.
   

===========================
I HAVE A QUESTION...  (1.0)
===========================
 
       Congratulations!  You've come to the right place.  Usenet is
  a wonderful resource for information ranging from basic questions
  (How do I lock a floppy disk?) to queries that would make Steve
  Jobs himself run screaming from the room in terror.  (I used
  ResEdit to remove resources Init #11, WDEF 34, and nVIR 17 from my
  system file and used the Hex Editor to add code string #A67B45 as a
  patch to the SFGetFile routine so the Standard File Dialog Box
  would be a nice shade of mauve.  Everything worked fine until I
  installed SuperCDevBlaster, and now when I use the Aldus driver to
  print from PageMaker 5.0d4 to a Linotronic 6000 my system hangs.
  P.S. I'm running System 6.0.2 on a PowerBook 170.)
 
       Since the Macintosh newsgroups are medium to high volume, we
  ask that you first peruse this FAQ list including at least the
  table of contents for the other pieces of it, check any other
  relevant on-line resources listed below in question 1.2, especially
  the FAQ lists for the other Macintosh newsgroups, and RTFM (Read
  the Friendly Manual) before posting your question.  We realize that
  you are personally incensed that the System is taking up fourteen
  of your newly-installed twenty megs of RAM, but this question has
  already made its way around the world three hundred times before,
  and it's developing tired feet.  Finally, before posting to any
  newsgroup (Macintosh or otherwise), please familiarize yourself
  with the basic etiquette of Usenet as described in the newsgroup
  news.announce.newusers.


HOW DO I USE THIS DOCUMENT?  (1.1)
----------------------------------

       comp.sys.mac.faq is currently divided into multiple pieces, a
  general introduction which you're reading now, and specific lists
  for the newsgroups comp.sys.mac.system, comp.sys.mac.misc and
  comp.sys.mac.apps.  This introductory document is posted to all 
  of the concerned newsgroups.  The tables of contents for each of 
  the specific FAQ lists are at the beginning of this file so you 
  should be able to get at least some idea whether your question is
  answered anywhere else in the FAQ even if you don't have the other
  parts at hand. It's not always obvious, especially to newcomers,
  where a particular question or comment should be posted.  Please
  familiarize yourself with the FAQ lists in all the major Macintosh
  newsgroups before posting in any of them.  Which questions
  appear in which FAQs can serve as a basic guide to what posts
  belong where.

       To jump to a particular question search for
  section-number.question-number enclosed in parentheses.  For
  example to find "Where can I FTP Macintosh software?" search 
  for the string  "(2.1)".  To jump to a section instead of a 
  question use a zero for the question number.
 
       This document is in "setext" format.  Akif Eyler's freeware
  application EasyView can parse this document into a hierarchical
  outline view that makes for easier browsing. 


WHAT OTHER INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE?  (1.2)
-------------------------------------------

       comp.sys.mac.faq provides short answers to a number of 
  frequently asked questions appropriate for the Usenet newsgroups
  comp.sys.mac.misc and comp.sys.mac.system.  Five other FAQ lists are
  worthy of particular note.   All are available for anonymous ftp from
  rtfm.mit.edu [18.70.0.209] in the directory pub/usenet/group-name
  (where "group-name" is the name of the group in which they're posted)
  as well as in their respective newsgroups.  Jon W{tte maintains 
  a public domain FAQ list for comp.sys.mac.programmer which is 
  posted about every three weeks.  The original FAQ list for
  comp.sys.mac.programmer is no longer being posted or updated but 
  is still useful and available via anonymous ftp to rtfm.mit.edu.  
  Eric Rosen maintains a frequently asked questions list for
  comp.sys.mac.comm.  This list answers many frequently asked 
  questions about networking, UNIX and the Mac, telecommunications, 
  and foreign file formats.  Norm Walsh has compiled an excellent FAQ 
  for comp.fonts that answers a lot of questions about the various 
  kinds of fonts and cross-platform conversion and printing.  Finally 
  Jim Jagielski maintains a FAQ for comp.unix.aux covering Apple's UNIX
  environment, A/UX.  It's posted every 2 to 3 weeks in comp.unix.aux.


WHICH NEWSGROUP SHOULD I POST TO?  (1.3)
----------------------------------------

       There are no stupid questions, but there are misplaced ones.
  You wouldn't ask your English teacher how to do the definite
  integral of ln x between zero and one, would you?  So don't ask
  the programmer newsgroup why your system is so slow when Microsoft
  Word is in the background.  Ignorance of basic netiquette is not an
  excuse.  If you want people to help you, you need to learn their
  ways of communicating.

       Posting questions to the proper newsgroup will fill your
  mailbox with pearls of wisdom (and maybe a few rotten oysters too
  :-) ).  Posting to the wrong newsgroup often engenders a thundering
  silence.  For instance the most common and glaring mispost, one
  that seems as incongruous to dwellers in the Macintosh regions of
  Usenet as would a purple elephant to Aleuts in the Arctic, asking 
  a question about networking anywhere except comp.sys.mac.comm,
  normally produces no useful responses.  Posting the same question
  to comp.sys.mac.comm ensures that your post is read and considered
  by dozens of experienced network administrators and not a few
  network software designers.
 
       Please post to exactly ONE newsgroup.  Do not cross-post.
  If a question isn't important enough for you to take the extra
  minute to figure out where it properly belongs, it's not important
  enough for several thousand people to spend their time reading.
  For the same reason comp.sys.mac.misc should not be used as a
  catch-all newsgroup.
 
       The breakdown of questions between different newsgroups in 
  this document can also serve as a reasonable guide to what belongs
  where.  Questions about productivity applications (software you
  bought your Macintosh to run, not software you bought to make your
  Macintosh run better) should go…

Showing first 20,000 characters of 67,753 total. Open the full document →

Date: Fri, 18 Mar 94 16:54:12 EST
From: elharo@shock.njit.edu (Elliotte Rusty Harold)
Subject: update sysfaq

Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.system,comp.answers,news.answers
Subject: Macintosh system software frequently asked questions (FAQ)
Followup-To: comp.sys.mac.system
Organization: Department of Mathematics, NJIT
From: elharo@shock.njit.edu (Elliotte Rusty Harold)
Reply-To: elharo@shock.njit.edu (Elliotte Harold)
Keywords: FAQ, system, Macintosh, Mac, macintosh, mac
Approved: news-answer-request@MIT.edu
Summary: This document answers a number of the most frequently asked 
 questions about Macintoshes on Usenet.  To avoid wasting bandwidth
 and as a matter of politeness please familiarize yourself with this 
 document BEFORE posting.


Archive-name: macintosh/system-faq
Version: 2.2.6
Last-modified: March 17, 1994

Frequently Asked Questions about Macintosh System Software
==========================================================


                  comp.sys.mac.faq, part 2:
                  comp.sys.mac.system 
                  Copyright 1994 by Elliotte Harold
                  Archive-name: macintosh/system-faq
                  Version: 2.2.6
                  Last-modified: March 17, 1994


What's new in version 2.2.6:
----------------------------

	1.1: Why is my system using so much memory?

         The Mac II needs a PMMU to use more than eight megabytes of 
         RAM and the FDHD upgrade to use large capacity SIMMs in Bank A.



                         Table of Contents                         
-------------------------------------------------------------------

I.   Memory
     1. Why is my system using so much memory?
     2. What is MODE32?  the 32-bit enabler?  Do I need them?
     3. How much memory should I allot to my cache?
II.  System Software
     1. Why does Apple charge for System 7.1?
     2. What does System 7.1 give me for my $35 that System 7.0 doesn't?
     3. Where can I get System 7.1?
     4. How can I use System 6 on a System 7 only Mac? 
     5. Non-US scripts and systems
     6. What is System 7 Tuneup?  Do I need it?
     7. Why do my DA's disappear when I turn on MultiFinder?
     8. Do I need System 7.0.1?
     9. How can I get System 7.0.1 on 800K disks?
III. Hard Disk and File System Problems
     1. Help! My folder disappeared!
     2. Why can't I throw this folder away?
     3. Why can't I share my removable drive?
     4. Why can't I eject this SyQuest cartridge?  CD-ROM?  etc.
     5. Why can't I rename my hard disk?
     6. How do I change my hard disk icon?
IV.  Fonts
     1. How do I convert between Windows fonts and Mac fonts?
     TrueType and PostScript?
     2. What font will my screen/printer use when different types 
     are installed?
     3. Where should I put my fonts?
V.   Miscellaneous:
     1. What does System Error XXX mean?
     2. What is a Type Y error?
     3. What is A/ROSE?
     4. Easy Access: One Answer, Many Questions
     5. How can I keep multiple system folders on one hard disk?
     6. How do I access the programmer's key?


ADMINISTRIVIA
=============

Copyright
---------

       This work is Copyright 1994 by Elliotte M. Harold.  Permission
  is hereby granted to transmit and store this document as part of an
  unedited collection of any newsgroup to which it is posted by myself.
  I also grant permission to distribute unmodified copies of this
  document online via bulletin boards, online services, and other
  providers of electronic communications provided that no fees in
  excess of normal online charges are required for such distribution;
  i.e. if the FAQ is available on a system, it must be available at
  the minimum charge for accessing the system.  For instance you may
  post it to most BBS's that charge either a flat monthly fee or a
  per hour rate.  However if there is an extra charge for downloading
  files over what is charged per normal access, either per hour, per
  kilobyte, or per month, then the FAQ may not be posted to that
  system without my explicit, prior permission.  Portions of this
  document may be extracted and quoted free of charge and without
  necessity of citation in normal online communication provided
  only that said quotes are not represented as the correspondent's
  original work.  Permission for quotation of this document in
  edited, online communication (such as the Info-Mac Digest and
  TidBITS) is given subject to normal citation procedures (i.e. you
  have to say where you got it).  If you wish to republish this FAQ
  in a modified form or in a non-electronic medium, please contact 
  me with specific details.  I'm normally receptive to non-profits 
  that wish to redistribute it at no charge, and to anyone who 
  is willing to make reasonable remunerative arrangements for 
  non-exclusive republication rights. 


Disclaimer
----------

       I do my best to ensure that information contained 
  in this document is current and accurate, but I can accept no
  responsibility for actions resulting from information contained
  herein.  This document is provided as is and with no warranty of 
  any kind.  Corrections and suggestions should be addressed to
  elharo@shock.njit.edu. 


Trademarks
----------

       Apple, Macintosh, LaserWriter, ImageWriter, Finder, HyperCard 
  and MultiFinder are registered trademarks and PowerBook is a 
  trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.  Linotronic is a registered 
  trademark of Linotype-Hell AG, Inc.  PostScript is a registered 
  trademark and Illustrator and Photoshop are trademarks of Adobe 
  Systems, Inc.  Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft 
  Corporation.  PageMaker is a registered trademark of Aldus Corp.  
  AutoDoubler and DiskDoubler are trademarks of Fifth Generation 
  Systems, Inc. StuffIt and StuffIt Deluxe are trademarks of Raymond 
  Lau and Aladdin Systems, Inc.  StuffIt SpaceSaver is a trademark 
  of Aladdin Systems, Inc.  More Disk Space is a trademark of Alysis 
  Software Corporation.  TimesTwo is a trademark of Golden Triangle 
  Computers, Inc.  UNIX is a registered trademark of AT&T.  All other 
  tradenames are trademarks of their respective manufacturers.


How to Retrieve the Entire FAQ
------------------------------

       This is the SECOND part of this FAQ.  The first part is also
  posted to this newsgroup under the subject heading  "Introductory
  Macintosh frequently asked questions (FAQ)" and includes a complete
  table of contents for the entire document as well as  information on
  where to post, ftp, file decompression,  trouble-shooting, and
  preventive maintenance.  The third part is posted every two weeks in
  comp.sys.mac.misc and features many questions that often erroneously
  appear in comp.sys.mac.system as well.  Please familiarize yourself 
  with all three sections of this document before posting. 

       All pieces  are available for anonymous ftp from rtfm.mit.edu
  [18.70.0.209] in the directory  pub/usenet/news.answers/macintosh.
  Except for the introductory FAQ which appears in multiple
  newsgroups and is stored as general-faq, the name of each file has
  the format of the last part of the group name followed by "-faq",
  e.g the FAQ for comp.sys.mac.system is stored as system-faq and 
  the FAQ for comp.sys.mac.misc is stored as misc-faq. You can also 
  have these files mailed to you by sending an E-mail message to
  mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with the line: 
      send pub/usenet/news.answers/macintosh/"name" 
  in the body text where "name" is the name of the file you want as 
  specified above (e.g. general-faq).  You can also send this server 
  a message with the subject "help" for more detailed instructions.



=============
MEMORY  (1.0) 
=============

WHY IS MY SYSTEM TAKING UP SO MUCH MEMORY?  (1.1)
-------------------------------------------------

       Under system versions earlier than 7.0 or under System 7.x
  without 32-bit addressing turned on the Mac cannot access more than
  eight megabytes of real memory.  If you have more physical RAM
  installed, the Mac knows it's present but can't do anything with it. 
  When About the Finder is selected from the Apple menu, the system
  reports all the memory it can't use as part of the system
  memory allocation.

  	   To use the memory you need to install System 7 and turn on
  32-bit addressing in the Memory control panel.  If you have a Mac
  with dirty ROMs (a II, IIx, SE/30, or IIcx) you also need MODE32
  for System 7.0 or 7.0.1 or the 32-bit enabler for System 7.1.  
  Both are free from ftp.apple.com (/dts/mac/mode32 and
  /dts/mac/sys.soft/7.1.32.bit.enabler) and from the increasingly
  mythical friendly neighborhood dealer.  The Mac II also needs a
  PMMU (paged memory management unit) to use 32-bit addressing and
  the FDHD ROM upgrade to use 4 megabyte or larger SIMMs in Bank A.  
  If you're staying with System 6, Maxima from Connectix ($45 street) 
  allows you to use up to fourteen megabytes of real memory and can 
  allocate anything beyond that to a RAM disk.
    
       If you have an LC or an LC II with four megabytes of RAM
  soldered to the motherboard, you still need to add two four-megabyte
  SIMM's to reach the ten megabyte maximum imposed by the LC ROM. 
  This means you'll always have two unused megabytes which About this
  Macintosh and About the Finder report as part of the system memory
  allocation.  Unfortunately there is no current means of accessing
  this extra memory.

       If you've turned on 32-bit addressing or if you have eight
  megabytes or less of RAM, check your disk cache (RAM cache in 
  System 6) in the Memory Control Panel (General Control Panel in 
  System 6) to make sure it isn't set exceptionally high.  All 
  memory allotted to the cache comes out of the System's 
  memory allocation.

       Finally if you recently upgraded to System 7.1 by updating your
  system software rather than by doing a clean reinstall, (See question
  4.6 in the general FAQ) you should move all fonts out of your system
  file as these can take up an extraordinary amount of memory.


WHAT IS MODE32?  THE 32-BIT ENABLER?  DO I NEED THEM?  (1.2)
------------------------------------------------------------

       MODE32 and the 32-bit enabler are system extensions that allow 
  Mac II's, IIx's, IIcx's, and SE/30's to access more than eight
  megabytes of real memory under System 7.  If you have more than eight
  megabytes of real memory in an SE/30, IIcx, IIx, or a Mac II, you
  need MODE32 if you are running System 7.0 or 7.0.1 or the 32-bit
  enabler if you're running System 7.1.  Otherwise you don't need
  either.  MODE32 and the 32-bit enabler are free from your local 
  Apple dealer and can be ftp'd from ftp.apple.com in the directories
  /dts/mac/mode32 and  /dts/mac/sys.soft/7.1.32.bit.enabler.


HOW MUCH MEMORY SHOULD I ALLOT TO MY CACHE?  (1.3)
--------------------------------------------------

       One of the Memory Control Panel (or General Control Panel in
  System 6) settings is the mysterious cache, Disk Cache in System 7,
  RAM cache in System 6.  This is memory the system sets aside to hold
  frequently accessed data from the disk. The cache acts like a 7-11
  for your hard disk.  It's quicker to get a quart of milk at the 7-11,
  but it costs more so you don't do all your shopping there.  And the
  7-11 doesn't have everything you want so sometimes you need to go 
  to the A&P (your hard disk) instead.

       Unfortunately Apple's cache isn't really all that fast.  For
  most people the RAM cache would more appropriately be called the RAM
  thief.  Its effect on performance seems to be much like the canals of
  Mars.  You have to want to see it before you can.  However there are
  a few applications and inits such as Dayna DOSMounter that actually
  make use of the cache and will run much faster when it's turned on 
  than when it's off.  Thus I recommend setting your cache to 64K, 
  turning it on, and forgetting about it.  I hope that in 1993 most 
  Macintoshes have enough RAM that they don't need to worry about 
  losing 64K.

       If, however, your Mac is a IIsi running a color monitor from 
  the internal video, then you may possibly speed up your Mac with an
  appropriate cache setting.  The IIsi and the IIci use system RAM to
  store the video image on your screen.  (Other Macs with internal
  video have video RAM separate from the main system RAM so this trick
  doesn't apply to them.)  The internal video competes with the System
  for use of this RAM; and that competition slows down your Mac, just 
  like two children fighting in the back seat of your car adds an hour 
  to the time it takes to get to the beach.  To stop the fighting a 
  smart parent will put one child in the front seat and one in the back. 
  A smart Mac owner will put the internal video in the front seat and 
  the system in the back seat.  To push the system out of the front seat
  set a IIsi's cache to between 384K and 768K which will take up all 
  the space in the front seat not occupied by the internal video and 
  force the system to sit in the back.  The exact value depends on the
  type of monitor you have installed.  Experiment to see what works 
  for you.  Unfortunately this trick doesn't work when virtual memory
  is turned on, but if you're using virtual memory you're probably more
  concerned about saving memory than gaining speed anyway.  There's
  also a bug in the System 6 cache code that may cause a peformance 
  hit on disk access if the cache is larger than 128K so this trick is
  more likely to help Macs running System 7, but again experiment to 
  see what works for you.



======================
SYSTEM SOFTWARE  (2.0) 
======================

WHY DOES APPLE CHARGE FOR SYSTEM 7.1?  (2.1)
--------------------------------------------
       Apple is charging for System 7.1 because Apple's policy makers
  suspect they'll make more money by charging for it than by not
  charging for it.  Apple is a publicly held corporation in a
  capitalist economy where the law requires corporations to make
  reasonable attempts to maximize profits.  To give away something
  Apple could make more money by charging for would be a breach of the
  fiduciary responsibility of Apple's Board of Directors and actionable
  by Apple stockholders in a court of law.  


WHAT DOES SYSTEM 7.1 GIVE ME FOR MY $35 THAT SYSTEM 7.0 DOESN'T? (2.2)
----------------------------------------------------------------------

       Not much.  System 7.1 provides a base for many planned
  enhancements to the MacOS.  These include a new printing
  architecture, an advanced version of QuickDraw, and easy
  localizability into foreign languages.  All of these will be
  separate, optional add-ons which may or may not cost more money. 
  (Actually most people at Apple and elsewhere say these will be 
  free, but that's what they said about system software before 7.1 
  was released for $35.  After 7.1 was released a lot of them started
  backpedalling and claiming that no promises of free upgrades were 
  ever made.  Fool me once, shame on you.  Fool me twice shame on me.)

        The only added feature of System 7.1 that you can use out of 
  the box is the ability to store fonts in a Fonts folder rather than 
  the System file. For this Apple wants $35.  There are also about a
  thousand various bug fixes over System 7.0.  (i.e. 7.1 shipped with
  only about 400 known bugs instead of the 1400 known bugs in System
  7.0.)  Some of these fixes were included in the various System 7
  tuners.  The most significant bug fix not present in System 7 Tuneup
  fixes the Quadra 950's SCSI manager.  If you have a Quadra 950, you
  need System 7.1. Otherwise you probably shouldn't waste your money.


WHERE CAN I GET SYSTEM 7.1?  (2.3)
----------------------------------

       Apple rationalizes its decision to charge for System 7.1 by
  claiming that most people have been unable to get System Software
  updates from online sources or authorized dealers (and of course they
  rationalize their refusal to authorize low-price mail order dealers
  by claiming that Macs require dealer support) and by claiming that
  charging for system software will make software retailers more
  willing to stock Apple system software and thus make it easier to
  obtain.  This denies the reality that System 7.0 was in fact readily
  available from the primary sources of payware Mac software as well 
  as being freely available online.  And I doubt a full-page ad for 
  System 7.0 in the software catalogs costs Apple any more than an ad 
  for System 7.1.  This rationalization also ignores how previously 
  in large organizations only one person needed to be able to get 
  the system software from a dealer, online, or bundled with a 
  new CPU before others could freely and legally copy it.  So, 
  despite Apple's protests to the contrary, it is now harder to 
  get a current copy of the system software thus creating a FAQ 
  where there was none before.

       If you want the manuals as well as the disks (high density only)
  for System 7.1, you can order the entire package including a copy of
  At Ease for about $79 from the usual mail-order houses such as
  MacConnection (1-800-800-2222) or MacWAREHOUSE (1-800-ALL-MACS).  If
  you only want the disks you can upgrade from System 7.0 by calling
  Apple at (800) 769-APPL and asking for the 7.1 upgrade.  To "verify"
  that you already own System 7, you'll be asked what's in the right
  hand corner of your menu bar.  The answer is of course Balloon Help
  and the application menu.  The disk only upgrade costs $34.95 plus $3
  for shipping and handling plus local sales tax.

       If you bought a non-bundled copy of System 7.0 on or after
  September 1, 1992 (or if you have a scanner, an old software receipt,
  and some familiarity with a photo retouching program) you can upgrade
  for $3 by sending your dated proof of purchase, a check for $3, and
  your name and address to
          Apple Computer
          Attn: Free Upgrade
          P.O. Box 720
          Buffalo, NY 14207.
  Alternatively you can fax that information and a credit card number
  and expiration date to Apple at (716) 873-0906.


HOW CAN I USE SYSTEM 6 ON A MAC THAT REQUIRES SYSTEM 7?  (2.4)
--------------------------------------------------------------

       The PowerBook 100, Classic II, LCII, Performa 200, and Performa
  400 all work with System 6.0.8L, a special foreign version of System
  6.0.8 that was hacked together because these machines beat many of
  the internationalized versions of System 7 to market.  System 6.0.8L 
  used to be available for anonymous ftp from wuarchive.wustl.edu in the 
  mirrors/rascal.ics.utexas.edu/support-of-products/Apple/sys.soft/6.0.8L 
  directory but was removed recently.  If you find an ftp site for 
  6.0.8L or even a bulletin board that carries it, please contact 
  the author of the FAQ so I can include it here.


WHERE CAN I GET NON-U.S. SYSTEM SOFTWARE AND SCRIPTS?  (2.5)
------------------------------------------------------------

       For a company that's as hip to the international marketplace 
  as Apple, it sure has a difficult time comprehending that its
  customers might need to work with more than one language.  A recent 
  call to the Apple Customer Assistance Center support line revealed 
  that system software is available only in the country of origin.
  The support rep was unable even to provide contact information for 
  distributors in countries outside the United States.  What the 
  support rep didn't know (but I do) is that most international 
  versions of System 7.0.1 are available for anonymous ftp 
  from ftp.apple.com in /dts/mac/sys.soft.intl.  Your best chance 
  to get Korean system software or any international version of 
  System 7.1 is to have a friend in the appropriate country 
  mail you the software.
  
  	   If you want to work with multiple languages but …

Showing first 20,000 characters of 39,486 total. Open the full document →

9-May-89 15:26:30-GMT,40718;000000000000
Return-Path: <mjohnson@apple.com>
Received: from apple.com by sumex-aim.stanford.edu (4.0/inc-1.0)
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	for info-mac@sumex-aim.stanford.edu
Date: Tue, 9 May 89 08:25:07 PDT
From: Mark B. Johnson <mjohnson@apple.com>
Message-Id: <8905091525.AA23059@apple.com>
To: info-mac@sumex-aim.stanford.edu, macworkers@rascal.ics.utexas.edu
Subject: System 7.0 Q & A

System Overview

Q:  Why is Apple talking about System 7.0?
A:  Apple is discussing with developers the core technologies under
    development for inclusion with the next major Macintosh System
    Software release, System 7.0.  Apple's goal in talking about
    System 7.0 is to shorten the amount of time necessary to bring a new 
    generation of powerful application software to Macintosh users.

Q:  Why is Apple telling the Press?
A:  Apple is informing the press to explain what we're working on in
    our labs, why we've chosen the paths that we have and how these
    technologies will affect users and developers.

Q:  What is Apple's message to users?
A:  System 7.0 will extend the user's reach through an expanded set
    of capabilities that utilize the same consistent, intuitive techniques
    that users already know.

Q:  What's in System 7.0?
A:  Although the complete feature set of System 7.0 will not be announced
    until later this year, the following projects will be a part of
    the release:
    * Virtual Memory/32-Bit Addressing
    * IAC Architecture
    * Outline fonts
    * New Print Architecture
    * Layout Manager
    * Database Access Manager
    * Finder 7.0

In addition, System 7.0 will integrate 32-Bit QuickDraw (introduced in April)
and the Communications Toolbox (shipping Q3).

Apple is also discussing with developers other projects currently
under development:

* Sound Manager Enhancements
* File System Enhancements
* International Text Support
* Installer 3.0

The complete feature set of System 7.0 will be announced later this year.

Q:  When will System 7.0 be made available to customers?
A:  Apple will announce customer availability later this year.

Q:  What Macintosh computers will be able to run System 7.0?
A:  System 7.0 is being designed to run on all Macintosh Plus, SE,
    SE/30, II, IICX and IIX computers.

System 7.0 will require two megabytes of RAM.

68030-equipped Macintosh computers and Macintosh II computers with PMMU will 
have the additional benefit of Virtual Memory.

Q:  Apple says that eventually all Macintosh computers will run System 7.0.
    Does that mean that all Macintosh computers will eventually be shipped
    with two megabytes of RAM?
A:  Not necessarily.  Apple is exploring various configurations of RAM,
    ROM, processor and hard disk that will support System 7.0.

Q:  What does that mean?
A:  The total amount of memory that a Macintosh uses for system software
    is a combination of RAM and ROM.  In general, when more software is put
    into ROM, a Macintosh requires less RAM.  In addition, for Macintosh
    computers with PMMUs, the hard disk can be used to extend RAM with
    virtual memory.  These technologies provide for many alternative
    configurations in the future. 

Q:  Is Apple announcing System 7.0?
A:  No.  Apple is making a directional statement to third-party
    developers about new technologies that will be included in a
    future version of Macintosh System Software.

Q:  What are Apple's plans for System 7.0?
A:  Apple will move the entire Macintosh product line to System 7.0.
    During this transition, Apple will offer both the System 6.0
    series and System 7.0 CPU configurations.

Q:  How many current applications will be compatible with System 7.0?
A:  Application software that conforms to the Inside Macintosh
    guidelines will be compatible with System 7.0.  As System 7.0 is
    still in development, it is impossible to determine which
    applications will be 100% compatible.  When System 7.0 ships,
    Apple plans to make a compatibility report publicly available.

Q:  What should customers do to prepare for System 7.0?
A:  There is nothing that users need to do now.  In making new
    purchase decisions, customers should buy the Macintosh configuration
    that suits their current needs.  Users and businesses that need to
    make long range decisions now may want to purchases machines with two
    megabytes or more of RAM today.

Q:  Why will System 7.0 need two megabytes of RAM?
A:  The new features of System 7.0 will require more memory than is
    available in a one megabyte system to operate effectively.

Q:  Where is the multitasking Macintosh Operating System?
A:  The Macintosh operating system has been multitasking since the
    introduction of MultiFinder.  Many applications take full advantage
    of MultiFinder by allowing concurrent printing, recalculating
    spreadsheets, sorting databases, and downloading files.

Q:  Isn't Apple now putting Macintosh users through an OS/2 experience?
A:  Absolutely not.  System 7.0 is an extension of today's Macintosh
    System Software.  Apple is designing System 7.0 to provide for
    upwardly compatible applications which is a fundamental part of
    the Macintosh System Software strategy.  System 7.0 will allow
    developers to create even more innovative Macintosh software
    and hardware that extends the power of today's Macintosh.

Q:  Can a Macintosh II-class machine running Apple's Virtual Memory
    operate with 1 megabyte of physical RAM?
A:  While this configuration may work, Apple will recommend 2
    megabytes of RAM when running System 7.0.

Q:  I own a Macintosh II computer with one megabyte of RAM and
    I want to upgrade to System 7.0.  Should I buy more RAM or an MMU?
A:  RAM.  The least expensive way to upgrade a one megabyte
    Macintosh II to System 7.0 is to add another megabyte of RAM.

Q:  Does Apple have plans to add new capabilities to the
    System 6.0 series?
A:  No.  Users of the System 6.0 series can continue to
    use their systems.  The upgrade path for System 6.0 series
    users is System 7.0 with more RAM.

Q:  Why not?
A:  Apple believes in providing consistency across our products
    for our users and developers.  This consistency can only be
    achieved by focusing on one system software platform.
    That platform is System 7.0.

Q:  Does this mean that all users need to upgrade to System 7.0?
A:  No, users can continue to use the System 6.0 series and their
    current applications.  System 7.0 and new applications software
    will provide many new capabilities that many users will want.
    System 7.0 offers users an opportunity to add more functionality to the 
    Macintosh computers they own today.


Core Technologies for System 7.0

Virtual Memory

Q:  What is Virtual Memory?
A:  Virtual Memory (VM) extends the user's available memory by
    transparently treating the hard disk as additional RAM.

Q:  Why is Virtual Memory important?
A:  Virtual Memory allows users to run more applications at
    once and work with larger amounts of data than they can today.

Q:  Will Virtual Memory be compatible with application software?
A:  Yes.  Virtual Memory is backward compatible with all
    applications that adhere to Inside Macintosh.

Q:  Which Macintosh computers can use Virtual Memory?
A:  Macintosh IIx, IIcx, and SE/30 are ready to use Virtual
    Memory--no additional hardware is needed.  Macintosh II can
    take advantage of Virtual Memory by adding the 68851 PMMU 
    coprocessor onto the Macintosh II logic board (a socket is
    provided on the board for this chip).  This coprocessor chip
    is on the Apple price list.  This is the same co-processor 
    needed to run A/UX, Apple's version of AT&T's UNIX operating system.

    Apple's 68000-based systemsQMacintosh Plus and Macintosh SEQcannot
    take advantage of the Virtual Memory capability of System 7.0.
    Macintosh SE owners have the option of the Macintosh SE/30 logic
    board upgrade to gain Virtual Memory capabilities.

Q:  Why can't Macintosh Plus and Macintosh SE use Virtual Memory?
A:  The 68000 microprocessor used in the Macintosh Plus and
    Macintosh SE does not have the memory management hardware
    necessary for Virtual Memory.  This memory management
    capability is one of the primary differences between the 68000 and its 
    successor chips.
                                                                    

32-Bit Addressing

Q:  What is 32-Bit Addressing?
A:  32-Bit Addressing enables the Macintosh to use up to 4
    gigabytes of memory.  The basic software and hardware of the
    Macintosh already supports  the 32-Bit Addressing model.  
    However, Macintosh currently is limited to 8 megabytes of
    memory because 32-Bit Addressing is not yet fully implemented
    throughout the system.

Q:  Why is 32-Bit Addressing important?
A:  Macintosh users want more memory for a variety of uses.
    Some just want to run more applications under MultiFinder.
    Some want to use graphics software that creates multimegabyte
    images.  Some want to use enormous databases.  And some want to 
    manipulate even larger word processing documents.  More memory
    has endless uses.

Q:  So does the transition to 32-Bit Addressing mean lots of
    application incompatibility?
A:  No.  Applications that conform with 32-Bit Addressing
    guidelines ("32-Bit Clean") already run on all Macintosh
    computers. These applications will immediately benefit from the 
    enlarged memory space with System 7.0.   Applications that are
    not 32-Bit Clean will continue to run under System 7.0 but will
    not have the benefit of additional memory space.  Apple has been
    working with its third-party developers to make sure that all 
    application software abides by 32-Bit Cleanliness rules.

Q:  What Exactly is "32-Bit Clean"?
A:  Applications that follow Apple's memory manager guidelines
    in Inside Macintosh are 32-Bit Clean.  32-Bit Clean applications
    are both upwards and downwards compatible with 24-Bit and 32-Bit
    Addressing modes.  These guidelines are repeated in Technical Note #212 
    "The Joy of Being 32-Bit Clean."

Q:  What if my existing software is not 32-Bit Clean?
A:  Applications that are not 32-Bit Clean continue to run with System 7.0.

Q:  Will 32-Bit Addressing become standard?
A:  Yes.  At some point in the future, Apple will make 32-Bit
    Addressing standard on new Macintosh computers.

Q:  Since much of system software is in ROM, will I need a new
    ROM to get the benefits of 32-Bit Addressing?
A:  Apple is researching ways of offering 32-Bit Addressing
    to all Macintosh II computers.  While an optional ROM upgrade
    is not out of the question, other alternatives are being 
    considered.  Apple will keep developers and customers updated
    on issues relating to 32-Bit Addressing.

Q:  What does 32-Bit Addressing mean for Macintosh Plus
    and Macintosh SE?
A:  These Macintosh computers cannot get the benefit of 32-Bit
    Addressing.  32-Bit Clean and non-32-Bit Clean applications
    will continue to run on these computers.  Only Macintosh 
    computers using the 68020 or 68030 microprocessor can have
    the benefit of 32-Bit Addressing.

                                                                    
Interapplication Communication Architecture

Q:  What is Interapplication Communication Architecture?
A:  Interapplication Communication Architecture (IAC) is a
    framework for applications to exchange commands and data,
    both locally and over networks.  IAC consists of several pieces:

    * Program-To-Program Communications (PPC)Qa low-level tool
      for exchanging data between two programs, either locally
      or across networks.  PPC provides a unified, consistent
      programming interface for both local and network communication.
      PPC will be able to deliver messages either Immediate (IPC)
      or Store-and-Forward.
 
    * Event Manager PPCQa high-level tool for applications to
      exchange commands and data.  Event Manager PPC presents a
      simple, natural interface to applications.

    * AppleEvents(TM)Qan Apple-defined protocol of standard messages
      that Applications can send to other applications.  Examples
      include "Open Document," "Print," "MoveWindow."

    * Live Copy/Paste and Link ManagerQLive Copy/Paste gives you
      live links between documents.  For example, the user can
      link a spreadsheet table into a word processing document;
      whenever the spreadsheet changes, the word processing document is 
      automatically updated.

    * Clipboard Copy/PasteQa current capability of Macintosh and
      is also part of IAC.  Macintosh applications universally
      support copy and paste between applications via the Clipboard.

Q:  What does Live Copy/Paste offer the user?
A:  As applications begin to offer Live Copy/Paste, users will
    be able to make applications work better together and avoid
    repetitive copy and paste.  Users can build up libraries of 
    commonly used objectsQlike graphics or paragraphs of textQand
    link them into their documents.  When you need to changethe data,
    you change every occurrence of that data.  And, because Live
    Copy/Paste works with AppleShare(R) file servers, you can 
    easily share data with another person. Imagine linking in the
    sales numbers from each of your sales people's spreadsheets.
    Your master spreadsheet is always up-to-date.

Q:  Does Live Copy/Paste work with existing applications?
A:  No.  Applications must be revised to take advantage of
    Live Copy/Paste.  Apple is simplifying the task by providing
    extensive user interface guidelines and toolbox support 
    for Live Copy/Paste.
                                                                    

Apple's outline fonts

Q:  What are outline fonts?
A:  Outline fonts are mathematical descriptions of characters.
    Sharp text at any size on any device can be generated from
    outline fonts.  Today, the fonts in your Macintosh are called 
    "bitmap" fonts.  These fonts are small collections of pixels
    that create the text you see on the screen.  With bitmap fonts
    the System File can become huge and still not have all the 
    fonts in all the sizes you might want.

    The new Apple fonts are outline fonts.

Q:  What are the benefits of outline fonts?
A:  Outline fonts provide sharp text at any size on any device.
    This means beautiful documents on the screen for multimedia
    presentations as well as on the page from any printer.  Outline fonts
    also simplify the customer experience by creating a single font standard for 
    the Macintosh computer.

Q:  This is confusing.  I thought my Macintosh "Style" menu
    already had a function for outline fonts.
A:  It does, but that is something different.  The "Outline"
    option in the Style menu actually traces 
    the character to give it an outlined appearance.  It looks like
    this.  It is simply a graphics trick.  However, the new Apple
    fonts are called outline fonts because they are based on mathematical
    outlines, not bitmaps.  These outline fonts are also called spline 
    fonts or scalable fonts.  If you really want to get carried away,
    keep in mind that you will be able to "Outline" the outline fonts!

Q:  Do Macintosh owners need to buy PostScript fonts anymore?
A:  Macintosh owners may want to buy PostScript fonts that
    are not yet available in Apple's format.  It is important to
    remember that today's PostScript fonts, like all of the existing 
    Macintosh font technology, will still operate normally in the future.
    For example, PostScript fonts and bitmaps will remain popular on
    1MB Macintosh computers like the Plus and SE.  PostScript fonts
    may also remain useful in multivendor environments.  We expect some
    vendors will continue to offer their typefaces in PostScript format
    and add the Apple format version of that typeface.  However,
    the Apple font format will be all most Macintosh owners really need.

Q:  How many fonts will be available in the Apple format?
A:  Hundreds of fonts will be available within a few months of
    first shipment, and thousands soon after.  It is impossible to
    answer this question precisely.  There are two main reasons for
    this.  First, since Apple's format was designed to be very flexible,
    many vendors will be able to automate the conversion of their
    existing library to the Apple format.  Second, the open format
    is available to anyone, so even small players will be 
    able to create new typefaces.  Apple does not have to get
    involved in licensing or support.  Since there are hundreds
    of specialized fonts now available in bitmap formats, these are 
    all candidates for conversion to outline.

Q:  Will Apple be providing fonts in the new format?  If so, how many?
A:  Apple does not intend to be in the font business, so we will
    offer a core set of fonts and then stop.  This promotes a healthy
    aftermarket for type vendors.  The Apple core set will consist
    roughly of the fonts Apple ships today with Macintosh computers and 
    LaserWriter printers, plus a small number of additions.  The final
    list will be announced later.

Q:  Who really needs this technology?  After all, LaserWriter NT
    and NTX users already enjoy scalable type. Why put it into the Macintosh?
A:  Today, the benefits of outline fonts are available from
    Apple only through these two LaserWriter models.  Now, outline
    fonts will enhance the screen display, the ImageWriter II,
    the AppleFax Modem, the ImageWriter LQ and the LaserWriter IISC.  A 
    wide range of third-party output devices will also use these
    fonts for best possible text quality.

Q:  Does this mean that future Apple printers will not support PostScript?
A:  No.  Keep in mind that the existing Apple printer line
    consists of both "intelligent" and "passive" printers.  Where we
    put the processing power is generally a price/performance decision.
    Consequently, future Apple printers will support the new Apple font
    format in a variety of ways.  Apple is committed to maintaining
    excellent system support for PostScript printing.  However, our
    policy is to not comment specifically on hardware products
    under development.

Q:  Does this mean that Apple won't be using Display PostScript?
A:  Yes.  But this should come as no surprise.  Apple announced
    over a year ago that we will be improving the internal software
    of the Macintosh instead of adopting an outside language.  This
    removes limits from what Apple can do in software while maintaining
    excellent backward compatibility.  This new font format, like
    32-Bit QuickDraw, demonstrates both of these benefits.  At the same
    time, we are committed to maintaining an excellent interface
    to PostScript printers.  

                                                                    
New Print Architecture

Q:  What is New Print Architecture?
A:  The New Print Architecture is designed to extend the printing
capabilities of Macintosh.

Q:  What are the advantages of the the New Print Architecture?
A:  There are three advantages to the New Print Architecture:

    1.  New features.  Background printing on all printers, increased
        performance, support for outline fonts, color/gray scale support,
        elimination of document reformatting, and an enhanced user interface
        will extend the lead the Macintosh has in printing. 

    2.  A wide variety of new printing devices.   Where in the past
        it has taken years to support new printers on the Macintosh,
        with the New Print Architecture it takes only a few months.
        We expect to have more well integrated pri…

Showing first 20,000 characters of 40,755 total. Open the full document →

Date: Sun, 28 Nov 1993 13:03:46 -0400 (EDT)
From: Dieder Bylsma <dbylsma@uoguelph.ca>
Subject: Apple's PowerPC Q&A (22k)

Forwarded from Mac-L: info on PowerPC

>FYI. Q & A on the PowerPC Macintosh in five easy lessons:
>Customer Issues
>Transition Issues
>System Software Issues
>Application Issues
>Competitive Issues
>
>About 22K of Apple propaganda follows. Delete now if this stuff doesn't
>interest you.
>------------------------

Produced by Apple Performance Development in cooperation with Jim Gable,
Product Marketing Manager, PowerPC 10/29/93

 CUSTOMER ISSUES

   Q:  How do I briefly explain and position Macintosh with PowerPC?
   A:  Macintosh with PowerPC is the next generation of personal computing.
- A price/performance breakthrough based on RISC technology.
- Offers smooth migration paths for both Mac and PC users.
- Has excellent future growth on the Apple, IBM and Motorola alliance.

   Q:  Why should any customer want a PowerPC-based computer?
   A:  PowerPC offers substantial price/performance gains over the 680x0
and x86 series of microprocessors.  This performance gain lends itself to
the emergence of new and exciting technologies, including speech
recognition, telephony, video, and a multitude of other powerful
capabilities.  Further extending the power and performance of the Macintosh
platform will enable customers to increase their productivity using today's
computing solutions as well as making brand new solutions possible -- at an
affordable price.  Additionally, Apple's first products based on PowerPC
are the beginning of a new family of RISC-based products.  While the Intel
world is stretching an old architecture, PowerPC is the start of a new
technology curve.

   Q:  Will a PowerPC Macintosh "look" different than a Macintosh today?
   A:  The primary operating system for the PowerPC Macintosh is System
7-the same operating system shipping with every Macintosh today.  Unlike
other vendors who require users to switch to a new operating system to
benefit from RISC technology, Apple is moving our mainstream operating
system to PowerPC technology.  Users the get power of RISC technology, the
familiar Macintosh user interface, and need no re-training.

   Q:  How do I position PowerPC to a current Macintosh customer?
   A:  For a Macintosh user, the PowerPC story is simple.  It's a
Macintosh.   Your old software just works.  New software is really fast.

   Q:  How do I position PowerPC to a DOS/Windows-friendly audience?
   A: Here we need to explain the advantages of making the technology leap
to RISC technology.  Once people understand this, we can show why Apple has
an excellent migration story.

   Q:  As a Windows user, why should I even care about Apple's PowerPC
machines?
   A:  PowerPC offers a price/performance breakthrough in comparison to the
x86 architecture that Windows users run today.  By migrating to PowerPC,
DOS/Windows users step onto this stronger growth path while maintaining
software flexibility.

 TRANSITION ISSUES

   Q:  Apple will be selling both 680x0-based and PowerPC-based Macintosh
systems. How will a customer know which to buy?
   A:  As they have in the past, customers will make their purchase
decisions with certain criteria in mind:  features, price, performance,
etc.  New to their decision process, though, will be the features and
capabilities enabled by the performance breakthrough of PowerPC.  As usual,
there will be a "ladder" of choices built on price vs. performance,
including both 680x0-based and PowerPC-based systems.  Customers will
choose where their needs fit into that ladder.  Just as Apple sold millions
of 68030 products in 1993 even though 68040 products were available, we
expect to sell millions of 68040 products in1994 as PowerPC moves into our
mid-range and high-end.

   Q:  How do I leverage interest in the upcoming PowerPC Macintosh line to
sell 680x0-based systems now?  Upgrades?  May not need PowerPC?
   A:  It's important to understand the upgrade offerings Apple has
pre-announced to help customers purchase the systems they need today.  We
are putting together the most comprehensive upgrade program ever, starting
with these detailed statements about upgrade paths.  Keep in mind too that
many, many customers will be very satisfied with our new entry-level
products, like the Quadra 605, regardless of PowerPC.

   Q:  What sort of upgrade solutions will Apple have available at
introduction, and how much will those upgrades cost?
   A:  Earlier this year, Apple announced its intention to offer upgrades
to PowerPC technology for the following Macintosh models:  IIvx, IIvi,
Performa 600, Centris 610, 650, 660AV, Quadra 800, and 840AV.  This month
Apple also announced that the Quadra 610, Quadra 650 and AWS 60, 80, and 95
can be upgraded.  To respond to customer questions Apple also stated that
upgrades will be available at introduction and that their prices will start
as low as $1,000.  Additionally, Apple and third-party developers are
working to create upgrades for other Macintosh models as well.  Details on
upgrade options will be made available when specific PowerPC-based
Macintosh products are announced.

   Q:  Why are upgrades not specifically mentioned for the Quadra 700, 900,
950, the LC family or several other products ?
   A:  We have only announced the upgrades that will definitely be
available from Apple at or near the first introduction of PowerPC. Not only
are we continuing to work on other upgrade options, we are also enabling
third party developers to offer Mac compatible PowerPC upgrades.

   Q:  Will there be a Quadra 950 server based on PowerPC?
   A:  Yes.  Apple Business Systems announced a full upgrade path for
PowerPC  this October.  See the press release for more details.

   Q:  Will important K-12 applications be compatible at introduction
(e.g., ClarisWorks, Mac School, HyperCard)?
   A:  Nearly any application that runs on current 680x0 models will be
compati ble on PowerPC.  While the initial focus for native applications is
targeted more towards mid-range and high-end customers, we expect most
developers to start PowerPC projects soon if they haven't already.

 SYSTEM SOFTWARE ISSUES

   Q:  How compatible are today's applications with the PowerPC Macintosh?
   A:  Today's Macintosh applications should run, without modification, on
PowerPC-based Macintosh models. Apple expects their performance to be
surprisingly responsive. Of course, performance will vary dramatically
based on the application and other factors. In actual use, performance will
range from a fast 68030- to a 68040-based Macintosh.  Apple has been
testing 3rd party software at developer conferences throughout the world,
as well as in our own labs.  After testing over a thousand packages, we are
confident that compatibility will be excellent.

   Q:  Why would someone run PowerOpen instead of Mac OS on PowerPC?
   A:  Primarily, the benefit of PowerOpen is access to the UNIX operating
system.  Also under PowerOpen, a Macintosh user can execute MS-DOS, A/UX,
AIX, or System 7 applications.

   Q:  Which operating system will a PowerPC Mac run?  System 8?
PowerOpen?
   A:  Most PowerPC-based Macintosh systems, like 680x0-based systems, will
ship with the standard Macintosh Operating System, System 7. However,
customers who want client/server solutions, multi-user applications, or
UNIX applications and services, will be able to use PowerOpen-Apple's
forthcoming open systems platform.

   Q:  What about DOS/Windows?
   A:  PowerPC gives us a greatly improved story for DOS/Windows users.
Insignia Solutions is working on a native version of SoftPC, which they
call SoftWindows, for PowerPC.  The 601 is a far better platform for their
emulat or than today's 68040s.  Consequently a DOS or Windows program can
run at speeds comparable to a 486.  With this technology, Macintosh with
PowerPC offers a migration path for the two operating systems that really
matter in the large marketplace today-Macintosh and DOS/Windows.

   Q:  Will System 7 Pro run?  QuickTime 1.6.1?
   A:  Both System 7 Pro and QuickTime are being updated for PowerPC.
Other capabilities developed as stand-alone system software extensions such
as AppleScript and QuickDraw GX will be available on both 680x0-based and
PowerPC-based Macintosh systems.

   Q:  Will recompiled applications work with AOCE communications on a
PowerPC Macintosh?
   A:  An AOCE product that currently runs on 680x0-based Macintosh systems
will work on PowerPC-based Macintosh systems with the updated System 7 Pro.
 Similarly, a recompiled AOCE application will work on the PowerPC-based
Macintosh while taking advantage of the inherent speed increases and
capabilities of native applications.

   Q:  Will the OS (System 7) print drivers be compatible with current
products?
   A:  Nearly all drivers (including print drivers), INITs, and CDEVs, and
other utility software will work on PowerPC-based Macintosh systems.

   Q:  Will my existing peripherals work (CD-ROM, hard drives, scanners,
printers)?
   A:  NuBus cards (such as networking and video cards), AppleTalk devices
(such as printers), SCSI devices (such as hard disks, scanners, and CD
ROMs), ADB devices (such as mice, trackballs and keyboards), and other
Macintosh cards and peripherals are compatible with PowerPC.  If a hardware
device works with the new Macintosh AV systems, the odds are excellent that
it will work on PowerPC with no problems.

   Q:  Will PowerPC-based and 680x0-based systems co-exist on the same
network or environment?
   A:  Yes.  You will be able to mix RISC-based and 680x0-based Macintosh
systems on the same networks, exchange files and disks between them, and
enjoy all the other benefits expected from a Macintosh.

   Q:  How will file sharing work on PowerPC?
   A:  Like nearly everything on today's Macintosh, it just works.  From
the user perspective, file sharing functions exactly as it does today both
locally or across a wide network.  File sharing will also work between a
680x0-based Macintosh and a PowerPC Macintosh.

   Q:  Is there a true multitasking, protected memory operating system on a
PowerPC Macintosh?
   A:  The operating system shipping on the first generation of
PowerPC-based Macintosh systems will be the same System 7 available today.
While this includes cooperative multitasking, it does not offer protected
memory or pre-emption.  Future versions of system software from Apple will
incorporate pre-emptive multitasking and protected memory.

   Q:  What is Taligent working on for PowerPC?
   A:  Taligent is creating a completely new object-oriented operating
system. Due in the middle of this decade, Taligent software will run on
Apple's PowerPC-based Macintosh systems.

 APPLICATION ISSUES

   Q:  Which applications will be ready at release and when will a
substantial number of native applications be available?
   A:  Nearly all current Macintosh applications will be compatible at
release of the first PowerPC-based Macintosh models.  Many developers are
currently porting their products to the PowerPC platform, so there should
be a large number of native applications in a very short time.  For an
extended period, users should expect to see many applications offered in
both a 680x0 version and a PowerPC native version.

   Q:  What determines whether or not an application will work on a PowerPC
Macintosh?
   A:  If an application is currently written following available Macintosh
programming guidelines, it should run without modification on PowerPC
through the 68LC040 emulation.  (The "LC" stands for the low cost `040.
These chips do not have floating point units.  An existing application that
requires a floating point unit will have to be re-compiled for PowerPC.
However, the speed increase for floating point is so phenomenal that these
developers are the most excited about the change.)

   Q:  What won't run on PowerPC?
   A:  Applications that do not run on current Macintosh systems.  In other
words, those that have not followed the currently available Macintosh
programming guidelines, will consequently not run on PowerPC-based
Macintosh models.  In our testing to date, compatibility looks very good.

   Q:  Which third-party applications are already running in native mode?
   A:  Although there is no definitive list of native applications, a large
number of software developers, including Adobe Systems, Inc., ACIUS Inc.,
Aldus Corporation, Claris Corporation, Deneba Software, Frame Technology,
Insignia Solutions, Inc., Microsoft Corporation, Quark Inc., Specular
International, and WordPerfect Corporation have announced their intentions
to offer new, native versions of their software packages.  Seven more
developers announced support this October.  (See press releases.)  In
addition, Apple is working with hundreds of other developers worldwide to
ensure that all kinds of existing Macintosh applications will be revised to
take advantage of PowerPC processor performance.

   Q:  What do customers with custom applications need to do to ensure
compatibility?
   A:  Custom applications, if written properly according to currently
available Macintosh programming guidelines, will run without modification
on PowerPC.  To ensure smooth transition to Macintosh with PowerPC,
developers should do the following:  Write in ANSI C or C++, ensure that
data structures are aligned, don't depend on the 680x0 run-time model,
isolate and minimize use of low-memory globals, isolate and eliminate use
of internal Toolbox calls, isolate dependencies on 80-bit extended format
numeric type, don't be depend on specific interrupt levels, be 32-bit
clean, and avoid patching traps.  For more information, any developer can
contact Apple's Developer Services at 408/974-4897.

   Q:  Will Apple be publishing a list of PowerPC-compatible Macintosh
software?
   A: Nearly all software that currently runs on 680x0-based Macintosh
models
will run on PowerPC.  A list of exceptions is more likely than a list of
compatibles, since most all applications will be running at introduction.

 TECHNICAL ISSUES

   Q:  How fast is the 68LC040 emulation mode and what is the expected
performance of native applications?
   A:  Apple expects the performance of existing application to vary
dramatically based on the application and other factors. In actual use,
performance will range from a fast 68030- to a 68040-based Macintosh.
Native PowerPC applications are expected to be two to four times as fast as
the same application running on today's Motorola 68040 or Intel's 80486
systems. Applications using floating-point mathematical operations (3-D
rendering, CAD,etc.) could see performance increases as much as tenfold.

   Q:  Is as PowerPC Macintosh really 4 to 10 times faster than a Quadra
950?
   A:  Yes.  In fact, applications written specifically for PowerPC
processors (native) have been benchmarked at 8 to 10 times faster in
mathematical calculations.  But this is definitely one of the best cases we
know.  In general, we expect speed increases in the range of 2 to 4 times.

   Q:  Is there any special "tuning" of the operating system required for
the PowerPC Macintosh that results in greater performance boosts?
   A:  Apple is optimizing parts of System 7 for the highest performance on
the PowerPC processor.  This will benefit applications written for
680x0systems as well as those developed for PowerPC.  For example, Apple is
modifying the Macintosh Toolbox procedures that take the most computational
power (such as QuickDraw) to take full advantage of the RISC performance of
PowerPC.

   Q:  How does a developer migrate an application from emulation to native
PowerPC?
   A:  Developers may choose between the Apple-provided solution or a
number of third-party solutions to port their products to PowerPC. The
Apple-provided solution is the "Macintosh on PowerPC SDK" (Software
Developers Kit).  Editing, compiling, and linking will be performed on a
680x0-based Macintosh, while execution and debugging will occur on a target
(PowerPC) system.

   Q:  How can you have one version of an application that runs on either
680x0 or PowerPC?
   A:  Current 680x0-based applications will run without modification on
PowerPC-based Macintosh systems.  Vendors may choose to port their
applications to PowerPC, thus maximizing performance.  Vendors may also
choose to keep both application versions available for purchase since both
680x0-based and PowerPC-based Macintosh models will be for sale for years
to come.  This also should meet the needs of the currently installed based
of 680x0 Macintosh customers.

   Q:  What are the other speed enhancements the PowerPC Macintosh?  Real
SCSI-2? Graphics acceleration?  I/O acceleration?
   A: We will continue to improve other parts of system performance as we
have in the past.  You can expect PowerPC to build on the improved I/O
architecture introduced with the Macintosh AV products, for example.

   Q:  When will PCI be implemented?
   A:  PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) is a high-performance card
expansion architecture designed to eliminate bottlenecks between a
computer's processor and its high bandwidth peripherals, such as
networking, video, and graphics.  Apple in adopting the PCI expansion bus
for future Macintosh computers in order to offer its customers the higher
performance levels required as video, graphics, multimedia and other needs
grow in popularity. PCI will be offered in a second generation of PowerPC
products from Apple.  All initial PowerPC products will continue with NuBus
cards.

   Q:  Is there really a PowerPC instruction called "eieio?"
   A:  Yes.

 COMPETITIVE ISSUES

   Q:  Why is PowerPC better than Pentium?
   A:  The first generation PowerPC processor, the PowerPC 601, performs
comparably at integer calculations and exceeds Pentium at floating-point
calculations.  In addition, the 601 is half the size of, and requires
little more than half the power of a Pentium processor.  Yet Motorola and
IBM offer the 601 at about half the cost of a Pentium processor.  In short,
superior performance at half the cost.  This is the advantage of moving to
a new technology curve with a RISC architecture.

   Q:  Intel says they will keep the x86 architecture up to date with RISC.
 Can they?
   A:  Some people believe that Intel is so large and so profitable that
they can keep up with RISC technology.  We believe that the advantages
demonstrated  in a 601 to Pentium comparison are only the beginning of the
increasing benefits of RISC technology.  For example, the 601 has twice the
on-board memory cache as a Pentium chip even though it actually has fewer
transistors.  Here's another indicator-in both workstations and PDAs, RISC
technology has won out over CISC technology.  The workstation vendors must
offer the best price/performance possible to stay competitive, and they all
offer RISC.  The new PDA market had no backward compatibility concerns and
most new entrees have selected RISC. Clearly there are compelling technical
reasons for these facts.

   Q:  I've seen a lot of press applauding PowerPC over Pentium.  Are there
any areas where Pentium is better?
   A:  Sure.  Pentium is not bad technology.  In fact, it's an incredibly
advanced chip that will sell in very high volumes over the coming years.
However, it shows the complexity and cost of stretching CISC technologies
forward. Intel refers to Pentium as the "next generation of compatible
power."  This plays to their greatest advantage-it can run old DOS/Windows
applications faster than any other chip.  Intel has to hope that this edge
remains compelling in the face of new PowerPC applications running even
faster.

   Q:  If IBM, Dell, AST, or Compaq build PowerPC machines that will run
Windows NT, what is the Apple advantage?
   A:  Apple's approach to System Software offers the smoothest transition
to RISC of any vendor.  Other companies are asking customers to adopt
complex, large and …

Showing first 20,000 characters of 22,532 total. Open the full document →

Date: Sun, 17 Jul 1994 07:37:18 +0700
From: eharold@sunspot.noao.edu (Elliotte Harold)
Subject: New version of the wanted faq

From: elharo@shock.njit.edu (Elliotte Rusty Harold)
Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.wanted,misc.forsale.computers.mac,comp.answers,misc.answers,news.answers
Subject: Macintosh for sale frequently asked questions (FAQ)
Followup-To: comp.sys.mac.wanted
Organization: Department of Mathematics, NJIT
Approved: news-answers-request@mit.edu
Reply-To: elharo@shock.njit.edu (Elliotte Harold)
Summary: This document answers a number of the most frequently asked 
 questions about Macintoshes on Usenet.  To avoid wasting bandwidth
 and as a matter of politeness please familiarize yourself with this 
 document BEFORE posting.
Keywords: FAQ, sale, for sale, Macintosh, Mac, macintosh, mac


Archive-name: macintosh/wanted-faq
Version: 2.3.0
Last-modified: July 14, 1994
Maintainer: elharo@shock.njit.edu

Buying and Selling Macintosh Computers, Software and Peripherals
================================================================


          comp.sys.mac.faq, part 5:
          comp.sys.mac.wanted & misc.forsale.computers.mac 

          Copyright 1993,1994 by Elliotte Harold
          Please see section 5.8 of the general FAQ if you wish  
          to redistribute or revise this document in any way.

          Archive-name: macintosh/wanted-faq
          Version: 2.3.0
          Last-modified: July 14, 1994
          Address comments to elharo@shock.njit.edu


What's new in version 2.3.0:
----------------------------

     This FAQ list now features URL's for a many resources.  See
     the general FAQ list for details.


3.6:  Direct from Apple

     Apple has discontinued catalog sales.


3.9:  New Equipment Prices

     Many models have been discontinued and moved to the used equipment
     section.  Most Quadras and PowerMacs have seen prices fall moderately
     between twenty and two hundred dollars.  I've added some pricing 
     on the new Powerbooks and Duo's as well as including the Apple 
     Workgroup Server's for the first time.

4.1: Macrotime:

     PowerPC 603 machines have been pushed back to spring 1994 at the
     earliest, primarily because of problems with the 68040 emulator.

6.3:  Does anyone know a good mail-order company?

     J&R Computer World (1-800-221-8180) is now an Apple authorized 
     mail-order dealer.
  

                         Table of Contents                         
-------------------------------------------------------------------

I.   Buying and Selling Used Equipment
     1. Should I buy/sell on Usenet?
     2. Where should I buy/sell used equipment?
     3. I've decided to completely ignore your excellent advice and
        post my ad anyway.  What should I do?
     4. I've decided to completely ignore your excellent advice and
        buy something offered for sale on the net anyway.  How can 
        I avoid being ripped off?
II.  Fair Market Value
     1. How much is my computer worth?
     2. What is used software worth?
     3. Going prices?
III. Where Should I Buy a New Mac?
     1. Authorized Dealers
     2. VAR's
     3. Superstores
     4. Performas
     5. Educational Dealers
     6. Direct From Apple
     7. Auctions
     8. Does anyone know a dealer in New York City?
     9. New Equipment Prices
IV.  When Should I buy a new Mac?
     1. Macrotime
     2. Microtime
     3. When will I get my Mac?
V.   How Should I Buy a New Mac?
     1. Know what you want
     2. The dealer needs to sell you a mac more than you need to buy one
     3. Have a competitor's ad handy
     4. Cash on delivery
     5. The sales tax game
     6. Leasing
     7. Be nice to the salesperson.
VI.  The Gray Market and Mail Order
     1. What is the gray market?
     2. Are gray market Macs covered by Apple warranties?
     3. Does anyone know a good mail-order company?


RETRIEVING THE ENTIRE FAQ
=========================

       This is the FIFTH part of this FAQ.  The first part is also 
  posted to this newsgroup under the subject heading  "Introductory 
  Macintosh frequently asked questions (FAQ)" and includes a complete 
  table of contents for the entire document as well as information on
  where to post, ftp, file decompression, trouble-shooting, preventive
  maintenance and conditions for reproduction, posting and use of this
  document outside of Usenet.  The second, third, fourth, and sixth parts
  are posted every two weeks in comp.sys.mac.system, comp.sys.mac.misc,
  comp.sys.mac.apps, and comp.sys.mac.hardware respectively.  Please
  familiarize yourself with all six sections of this document before
  posting.  All pieces are available for anonymous ftp from 

  ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/macintosh/

       Except for the introductory FAQ which appears in multiple
  newsgroups and is stored as general-faq, the name of each 
  file has the format of the last part of the group name followed 
  by "-faq", e.g the FAQ for comp.sys.mac.system is stored as
  system-faq.  You can also have these files mailed to you
  by sending an E-mail message to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu 
  with the line:  

  send pub/usenet/news.answers/macintosh/name 

  in the body text where "name" is the name of the file you want as 
  specified above (e.g. general-faq).  You can also send this server 
  a message with the subject "help" for more detailed instructions.  
  For access via Mosaic use 

  http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/macintosh/top.html



========================================
BUYING AND SELLING USED EQUIPMENT  (1.0)
========================================

SHOULD I BUY OR SELL ON USENET?  (1.1)
--------------------------------------

       No, you should not.  Usenet is a medium by which information 
  is broadcast to millions of different people around the world.  
  It's almost certain that noone in Singapore wants to buy a Canadian
  Classic 4/40, even at a really great price.  Import laws, the cost
  of international shipping and a host of other concerns pose too 
  big an obstacle to the sale of small quantities of used equipment. 
  Even within one country geographical distances often pose a severe
  obstacle to the sale of used goods.  There is simply too great 
  a chance of either seller or buyer being ripped off in a
  long-distance transaction via non-payment, non-delivery, 
  or non-usable equipment.


WHERE SHOULD I BUY/SELL USED EQUIPMENT?  (1.2)
----------------------------------------------

       LOCAL bulletin boards, both of the electronic and paper
  varieties, are a far better medium for the sale of used hardware,
  software, and other tangible quantities.  Some Usenet sites and
  local areas have local for sale newsgroups (e.g. nj.forsale
  here in New Jersey) which are more appropriate for classified
  advertising than netwide groups like comp.sys.mac.wanted.  In 
  large cities and college towns you should reach just as many 
  potential buyers by advertising locally as by posting to the net. 
  Advertising locally gives both the seller and the buyer the BIG
  advantage of being able to meet to test the system, verify that
  what is being offered is in fact what is available, and avoiding
  the hassle of shipping.  The chance of being ripped off either
  through non-payment or non-delivery is GREATLY reduced by 
  advertising and selling locally.


I WANT TO POST MY AD ANYWAY.  WHAT SHOULD I DO?  (1.3)
------------------------------------------------------

       First see section 2.0 below to try and decide on a reasonable
  price.  Be prepared for flames if your price is too far out of line
  including follow-up posts warning potential buyers that you are
  trying to rip them off.  You may just want to state "best offer." 
  That way you aren't responsible if someone else misvalues your
  equipment.  If an offer does come in that meets your minimum price,
  you can sell it.  If there are no reasonable offers, you don't have 
  to sell. 
  
       Be sure to include a descriptive subject line in your post.
  For Sale, Macintosh For Sale, and Macintosh Software For Sale are
  all HORRIBLE subject lines.  Better subject lines would be 
  
     SE/30 4/40, $595 or best offer
          or
     Photoshop 2.5, unopened, $250.
     
  Then include a more detailed description in the body of the post.
  Also be sure to state whether or not you'll pay shipping.  (It's 
  much easier to sell an item if you agree to pay shipping.) 
    
       You should post your notice in comp.sys.mac.wanted and
  misc.forsale.computers.mac ONLY.  Posting a for sale ad to
  comp.sys.mac.misc is guaranteed flame-bait, even more so if your
  offer is over-priced.  You should also restrict the distribution of
  your message to as local an area as possible.  Ask your local news
  administrator for help if you don't know how to do this.
  
       Finally if you've sold your item please don't post a message
  saying the item has been sold.  Most of us don't care.  If you are
  getting a lot of offers and want to take the item off the market,
  it's better to cancel the original message.  The bandwidth cost is
  the same, but you'll save a lot of people the trouble of reading 
  two now-pointless messages from you.  Again you may need to ask 
  your local news administrator how to do this.


HOW CAN I AVOID BEING RIPPED OFF WHEN I BUY SOMETHING FROM THE NET?  (1.4)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

       You can't, which is the single biggest reason I recommend
  against buying and selling on Usenet.  The most effective
  precaution you can take is to insist on check-on-delivery.  That
  way you give the seller nothing until something is delivered, and
  you can stop payment on the check if what is delivered is not what
  was advertised.  This may cost a few dollars more, but the added
  security is more than worth it.  NEVER pay in advance for used
  goods from an unknown shipper.

       You may also want to insist on a work address and phone number
  for the seller.  This is especially effective if the forsale post
  originates from a company account.  The threat of being harassed at
  work is more effective than the threat of legal action against some
  unscrupulous individuals who realize you probably won't sue but may
  complain to their boss.  Even when dealing with completely honest
  individuals it's still much easier to haggle over terms and work
  out shipping arrangements via phone than through protracted 
  E-mail exchanges.



========================
FAIR MARKET VALUE  (2.0)
========================

HOW MUCH IS MY USED HARDWARE WORTH?  (2.1)
------------------------------------------

       Make your lowest estimate of the resale value of your hardware
  taking into account current prices on new hardware of equivalent
  capability.  Then divide that estimate by two.  The price you now
  have is somewhere above the fair market value of your hardware. 
  Almost everyone severely overestimates the value of their
  equipment.  I've seen friendships and business relationships
  destroyed once buyers realized how badly they'd been taken EVEN
  THOUGH THE SELLERS DID NOT INTENTIONALLY MISLEAD THE BUYERS.
 
       Computers are like cars in that they lose 30% of their value 
  as soon as you walk out of the dealer's showroom with one.  They 
  are unlike cars in that they lose more value when new models are
  released irregardless of the condition or age of the previous model. 
  Unlike cars newer models of computer really are better.  High-end
  systems retain their value longer.  My 8/45 SE/30, a high-end system
  when I bought it four years ago, is still barely salable today. 
  Had I purchased a low-end Plus instead it would at most be worth 
  $100 for parts. 



WHAT IS USED SOFTWARE WORTH?  (2.2)
-----------------------------------

       Almost nothing.  It's certainly worth less than the cost of
  distributing a for sale message around the world on Usenet.  If the
  software is the current version AND includes all original master
  disks and manuals AND a notarized letter transferring ownership
  from the original purchaser to the new owner, then it's worth 
  about half of the current mail-order or educational discount price,
  whichever is lower.  Especially note that software left on a hard
  disk when a computer is sold adds NOTHING to the value of the
  system.  The buyer can pirate payware and download shareware 
  just as easily as the seller. 


NO REALLY, HOW MUCH IS MY SYSTEM WORTH?  (2.3)
----------------------------------------------

       I'll give a few numbers I consider current as of mid 1994.
  Unlike the completely ridiculous prices you'll find in the AmCo
  index these values shouldn't leave the buyer feeling ripped off. 
  As a seller you can often get higher prices than these, but as a
  buyer these represent what you should be able to bargain somebody
  down to.  Asking prices and configurations vary WILDLY so haggle 
  and don't be afraid to wait for a better deal if you don't like 
  what someone is offering.

       When trying to determine reasonable prices for discontinued
  equipment I consider several factors.  First I set a floor for a
  given model based on what used equipment dealers like Sun Remarketing
  are willing to pay for inventory and by what repair shops will pay
  for parts.  Then I set a ceiling based on two thirds of typical
  prices for a model at used computer dealers.   Used computer dealers
  can charge more than individuals because they do offer warranties
  that provide some protection against buying a lemon.  Nonetheless the
  Macintosh market moves so fast that dealers of used equipment
  sometimes aren't able to unload inventory before the price of
  equivalent new models drops below what they paid for inventory. The
  existence of many of these dealers is marginal and depends heavily on
  customers who assume that new equipment is more expensive than old
  and that mail order is cheaper than buying from the local dealer,
  neither of which is necessarily true.  Thus I also considered the
  prices of equivalent and better new machines as well.  
  
       The real kicker here is the LC 475 (a.k.a. Quadra 605), a 
  25 MHz 68LC040 (no FPU) with 14" basic color monitor, 4 megs RAM, 
  160 megabyte hard disk, keyboard, several useful applications and  
  a twelve month warranty for about $1250 new.  Very few used Macs 
  currently being offered for sale have as much horsepower as this 
  machine though some may have additional features such as a better 
  monitor or more slots.  However very few people buying used equipment 
  need a better monitor or more than one expansion slot.  Thus as a 
  buyer or a seller ask yourself what a machine is worth compared to 
  an LC 475.  Within this range I try to set the suggested price in 
  the ballpark of the lowest asking price I've seen on Usenet or 
  elsewhere.  Finally I adjust the prices a little between models to 
  make sure that equivalently capable used Macs cost about the same 
  amount.  My ultimate goal is to ensure that a buyer who pays the 
  price listed here does not feel cheated in a transaction, either 
  because they see the Mac they just bought for $1000 advertised for 
  $500 two weeks later or because they realize they could have bought 
  a better Mac new for the same money.  Both of these happen far 
  too frequently.

       These prices are mainly for discontinued models.  For models
  that are still available new, see the list in question 3.8. Figure
  the same system used is worth about 64% of that price plus an 
  extra half percent for every month of warranty coverage left.  For
  compact Macs all prices include a keyboard and mouse.  Take $100
  off the price if there's no keyboard or mouse or both.  Otherwise
  the prices are just for the base CPU with internal hard drive and
  RAM.  Most offers to sell do include a monitor, keyboard and mouse
  and some room for haggling so asking prices will typically be
  somewhat higher.  RAM and hard drive configurations can vary
  greatly.  I've tried to include the high and low ends as well as 
  the configurations you're most likely to run across.  Use your best
  judgment when interpolating and extrapolating to other models.


          Mac 128                  $50
          Mac 512                  $60
          Mac 512ke                $75
          Mac Plus 1/0             $100
          Mac Plus 4/0             $150
          SE 1/0                   $150
          SE 1/20                  $200
          SE 4/0                   $200
          SE 4/40                  $275
          SE/30 1/0                $300
          SE/30 4/40               $500
          SE/30 5/80               $550
          SE/30 8/80               $600
          Classic 4/40             $275
          Classic 4/80             $325
          Classic II 2/40          $495
          Classic II 4/80          $590
          
          LC 4/40                  $300
          LC 4/80                  $350
          LC 10/80                 $450
          LC II 4/40               $400
          LC II 4/80               $450
          LC II 8/80               $500
          LC III 4/80              $595
          LC III 4/160             $650
      
          Mac II 0/0               $300 
          Mac II 0/0/FDHD          $350
          Mac II 8/40              $450
          Mac II 4/105/FDHD        $550
          Mac IIx 0/0              $400
          Mac IIx 8/80             $625
          Mac IIci 0/0             $575
          Mac IIci 8/80            $725
          Mac IIcx 0/0             $350      
          Mac IIsi 2/0             $425
          Mac IIsi 3/40            $520
          Mac IIsi 5/80            $575
          Mac IIsi 5/120/FPU       $600
          Mac IIfx 0/0             $1100
          Mac IIvx 4/80            $650
          Mac IIvx 5/80/CD         $800
          Mac IIvx 4/230           $750
          Mac IIvx 4/230/CD        $950

          Centris 610 4/80         $750
          Centris 610 8/230        $1000
          Centris 610 8/230/CD     $1150
          Centris 650 8/230        $1150
          Centris 650 8/230/CD     $1300 
          
          Mac Portable 1/40        $350
          Mac Portable 4/40        $400
          Mac Portable 4/80/Backlit $450
          
          Quadra 700 4/0           $700
          Quadra 700 4/80          $900
          Quadra 700 8/105         $1100
          Quadra 900 4/0           $1200
          Quadra 900 4/160         $1500

          PowerBook 100 2/20          $500
          PowerBook 100 4/40          $575
          PowerBook 140 2/20          $600
          PowerBook 140 4/40          $675
          PowerBook 140 4/120         $850
          PowerBook 145 4/40          $750
          PowerBook 160 2/20          $800
          PowerBook 160 4/40          $900
          PowerBook 165c 4/80         $1095
          PowerBook 165c 4/120        $1195
          PowerBook 165c 4/120/Modem  $1295
          PowerBook 170 4/40          $1100
          PowerBook 170 4/80          $1175
          PowerBook 170 8/40/modem    $1200
          PowerBook 170 4/120         $1265
          PowerBook 180c 4/80         $1550
          PowerBook 180c 4/160        $1660
          PowerBook 180c 4/160/Modem  $1770

          Duo 210 4/80                $795
          Duo 230 4/80                $895
          Duo 230 4/120               $995
          Duo 230 4/120/Modem         $1095
          Duo 250 4/200               $1650
          Duo 250 12/200/Modem        $1950
          Duo 270c 4/240              $2100
          Duo 270c 12/240/Modem       $2595

          ImageWriter              $50
          ImageWriter II           $75
          ImageWriter LQ           $100
          StyleWriter              $135
          Personal Laserwriter SC  $200
          Personal Laserwriter LS  …

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______________________________________________________________________________
The Apple Macintosh PowerBook FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) (with answers!)
______________________________________________________________________________


I wrote this article when I noticed that the same questions started popping
up again and again in comp.sys.mac.hardware and comp.sys.mac.system.

The PowerBooks are relatively new and different computers that are being
purchased by old Macintosh users who do not feel the need to read the manuals.
Most of the answers in this article could be stated with the simple FLA: RTFM.
Four letter acronym: Read The reFerence Manual (or something like that anyway).

Here are the questions:

Q: My PowerBook refuses to read and write some 800KB disks. What do I do?
Q: My PowerBook slows down now and then while it should be doing something.
Q: What does the power saving mode of the PowerBook 170 do?
Q: My PowerBook battery life is nowhere as long as advertised.
Q: My PowerBook 170 has broken pixels on the screen.
Q: I need more memory.
Q: I need more disk space.
Q: I need an external monitor or LCD projection screen.
Q: Apple's internal modem doesn't seem to work.
Q: The PowerBook serial port is dropping characters or has MIDI problems.
Q: Can the keyboard layout be changed?
Q: How does one open a PowerBook 140 or 170?
Q: Can the annoying speaker click be disabled somehow?

Now that you have had time to read the questions, here they are again with the
answers:

Q: My PowerBook refuses to read and write some 800KB disks. What do I do?
A: There appear to be two possible reasons for this. One is that the powerbooks
   do not accept the way some machines format 800KB disks. The solution to this
   part of the problem is to take a blank disk (unformatted), format it on a
   PowerBook and copy the files to this disk on any other machine. The other
   problem is that the PowerBook 140 disk drive is not properly shielded from
   the backlight of the display. Apple installs a new shield at no charge, but
   you may prefer to just switch off the backlight when you encounter a disk
   that will not be read correctly otherwise. So far, these problems have not
   been observed with high density (1.4MB) disks.

Q: My PowerBook slows down now and then while it should be doing something.
A: All the Apple portables have a built-in idle mode that is entered if
   there is no I/O activity and the cursor isn't a watch and isn't
   changing. In this mode, the Portable and PB100 will get 64 wait
   states for every memory access, bringing the effective speed down to
   something equivalen to a 1Mhz 68000. The PB140 and 170 use a
   different trick: the power to the processor is switched off for a
   short period and then restored for a while. The result is about the
   same.

   To disable the sleep mode, option-click the text "Minutes Until
   Automatic Sleep" in the Portable control panel. It is also a FAQ to
   ask why Apple hid this control this way, so please don't ask: no one
   knows. This thing is documented at least in the PowerBook manuals,
   so all this would be old hat to you if you had just RTFM.

Q: What does the power saving mode of the PowerBook 170 do?
A: The PowerBook 170 can run at 25Mhz or at 16Mhz. In the power saving
   mode, it will always run at 16Mhz, which brings it down to the same
   speed as the PB140 (except for the floating point performance, since
   the PB140 has no floating point unit).  If you are not really
   interested in a fast computer, you can save some power by running at
   the lower speed. Since I don't have a PB170 of my own, I can comment
   on which way I would run it. Battery life is such a hard thing to
   bargain with.

Q: My PowerBook battery life is nowhere as long as advertised.
A: If you only get 1 hour of battery life from your PB, you're probably
   doing something wrong. If you have a PB140 or PB170, avoid running
   with virtual memory and don't leave a terminal program running if
   you don't need it and you have an internal modem.

   If you have a PB140 or PB170, try to always use the batteries until
   they are almost empty and then give them at least a 5 hour charge
   (8-10 is better). You only get an 80% charge in 2-3 hours and
   charging continues even though the indicator doesn't show this. If
   you only use the battery halfway and then charge it, you run the
   risk of producing a memory effect on the battery. Apple has tried to
   eliminate the problem, but you still should try to use batteries
   until they are empty.

   On the PB100 and Portable, you should never let the battery
   discharge completely.  If you do, the capacity of the battery is
   reduced and the damage is usually irreversable. If I had a PB100, I
   would never use it after the second battery warning and I would
   avoid using it after the first. The good news is that it is
   perfectly ok to charge a half-used battery. There's no memory effect
   to worry about. The same charging times apply: 2-3 hours will only
   get you an 80% charge.

   Other tips: if you need extended battery life, turn off the
   backlight. This will save you about 40% of the power. Use a strong
   lamp to light the screen and it will be almost as readable as with
   the backlight on. (Don't heat the display!) If you still find that
   you have to extend battery life or you can't turn the backlight off,
   try to run from a RAM disk or increase the cache size. Also, some
   programs use the hard disk more frequently than others. Putting the
   system to sleep more often is also a good idea. Experiment with the
   Portable control panel settings to find the optimum sleep times.
   Switch off localtalk, if you are not using it.

Q: My PowerBook 170 has broken pixels on the screen.
A: Not always, but you can try. Apple specifies a limit of 5 broken
   pixels before it considers a display worth replacing. When we got
   our first Portable, I was quite mad for a few seconds when I found
   the broken pixels, but when I found that they didn't usually cause
   problems using the computer, I calmed down and got used to them.
   Active matrix displays tend to have broken pixels, because
   production yelds are very low as it is. The manufacturer is quite
   aware of the broken pixels when the display leaves the factory. The
   amount of broken pixels will not usually increase quickly, if at
   all.

   You can find "broken pixels" by trying a totally white background
   pattern and looking for black pixels and then trying a totally black
   pattern and looking for white pixels.

   The SuperTwist displays on the PB100 and PB140 shouldn't have any
   broken pixels.  They do have a slight ghosting problem and the
   contrast is only 1:12 instead of the 1:16 that you get with the
   PB170.

   Actually, it seems that the above information is not 100% accurate,
   so here's an update that was posted recently:

   | The current manufacturing specifications for the Active Matrix
   | Display allows the following: a) up to and including 5 voids
   | (pixels that stay white all the time), no two within 1" of each
   | other; b) 0 defects (pixels that stay black all the time).  The
   | manufacturing costs to eliminate all pixel voids would probably be
   | prohibitive and would prevent Apple from making active matrix
   | display technology available in the PowerBook 170 at an affordable
   | price.

Q: I need more memory.
A: PowerBooks currently come with either 2MB or 4MB of memory. At the
   time of this writing, third party solutions can upgrade this to 8MB.
   I highly recommend getting your PowerBook with 2MB of base memory
   and immediately expanding that to 8MB. If you need even more real
   memory, just wait a while and larger expansion boards will be
   commercially available. (I saw one used at MacWorld.) Boards with
   more than 6MB of RAM will use a bank switching scheme and the only
   way to make this transparent is to use the memory management unit,
   so boards with more than 6MB will not work with the PowerBook 100.

   Other tips: use System 7.0 tune-up and turn off localtalk. Reduce
   the number of system extensions and control panels that may take up
   memory. Reduce the size of the disk cache. As a last resort, use
   virtual memory  (if you can).

   PowerBook 100: You can use system 6.07 or 6.08 with the PowerBook 100.
   Apple doesn't guarantee that it works ok, but they say that it
   probably works. You can't adjust the backlight brightness using
   the rotating button, but you can get the Portable backlight upgrade
   from ftp.apple.com and use the control panel that comes with it.
   Battery life indication in the battery DA might not reflect reality.
   System 6 requires less memory than System 7, so you effectively
   get some more memory and a little disk space (so this tip also
   applies to the question below).

Q: I need more disk space.
A: The first solution is to get DiskDoubler, AutoDoubler, SuperDisk or
   some other similar utility. I had a lot of compatibility problems
   with the SuperDisk demo, so I waited until AutoDoubler was available
   and bought it for my PowerBook. I haven't regretted my decision.
   AutoDoubler 1.0 has one known bug with dedicated AppleShare servers,
   but it works fine on my PowerBook 140. My 40MB disk was full before
   AutoDoubler. It now has 14MB of free space.

   Apple now offers the PB100 with 40MB of disk space. There seems to
   be an upgrade program available for those who currently have a 20MB
   disk.

   Beyond 40MB, you'll have to turn to third party upgrades. The
   largest internal hard disk that I've seen is 120MB, but that product
   may not be available yet and I don't know who made it. (I just know
   that it exists.)

   Strange tip: Try Claris Works. With AutoDoubler, the program only takes
   1MB of disk space and it has an excellent spreadsheet, a business graphics
   program, a terminal program, a MacDraw class drawing program, a database
   program (filemaker style) and a relatively good word processor. The only
   thing I really miss is style sheets. MacZone seems to have this program on
   sale for $169 or something like that... Very nicely implemented program.

   Standard tip: The Apple hard formatter usually leaves about 1.5MB of
   unallocated space on all Apple hard disks. Unless you are using software
   that assumes that a volume is exactly 20MB or 40MB, you can reclaim this
   space by doing a custom partitioning. First click the custom partition
   button, then remove the Apple partition and create a new Mac partition
   that occupies the full disk space. As I said, this works on most Apple
   hard disks and can be done with the Apple hard disk formatter.

Q: I need an external monitor or LCD projection screen.
A: There are two types of solutions for this. You can either install a
   card that takes some memory expansion space or you can use a
   SCSI-based display adapter.  Both solutions will reduce the amount
   of RAM available to you. SCSI display adapters also steal away some
   of your CPU power. I have no recommendations, make your own
   decisions. At least some of these systems work with VGA-compatible
   LCD panels. With the right display adapter PB140 and 170 can use a
   color screen just as any Mac II-class computer.

Q: Apple's internal modem doesn't seem to work.
A: The Apple modem seems to have some problems with other modems. I
   haven't tried the modem myself, but usenet articles tend to indicate
   that it has problems handshaking with other modems if the error
   correction features are on. Try finding out the AT-commands that
   control the error correction and play with them until handshaking
   works. I know this is a lame answer, so here's something more
   profound from someone who actually has an Apple modem:

   The internal modem design is lame in at least one other way as well,
   specifically in the handling of the profiles.  Profile 1 is
   overwritten every time the modem is powered off, making it useless
   for storing profile information.  The Powerbook modem tool also
   leaves the modem in a fairly funny state in that it turns off
   verbose mode so if you attempt to talk to your modem, the modem
   looks "dead".  The way out of this is, using your favorite terminal
   emulator and the serial tool, issue:

        1. +++<CR>
        2. AT &F Q0 V1<CR>

   you should see OK.  What the above does is to restore the factory
   defaults, turn off quiet mode and turn on verbose mode.

   If you want the modem initialization string that I've found works to
   get MNP disabled (I've attempted to talk to 3 seperate MNP
   supporting modems with my PB170 WITHOUT success) and the rest of the
   modem conditioned to be able to communicate in general with other
   modems:

        1. AT &F &Q0 Q0 V1

   Which, in addition to the above, also turns OFF the error correcting
   capability of the modem.  Once this is done, you should have no
   problem.  The same three modems work just fine once error correction
   is disabled.

   |  Dick Munroe                             Internet: munroe@dmc.com
   |  Doyle Munroe Consultants, Inc.          UUCP: ...uunet!thehulk!munroe

Q: The PowerBook serial port is dropping characters.
A: This happens at least at 9600 bps and I haven't found any way to
   solve this problem. It's either a hardware problem or a problem
   with the operating system. Apple doesn't seem to be really aware
   of this. I hate this bug. Apple should fix this ASAP!

   I have also received reports about some problems with Midi software.
   It appears to be the same problem and it is related to the serial
   port hardware power saving system.

   If you have problems or want this problem fixed, call Apple and
   tell them about it. Don't post to the net about it. Don't mail
   your friendly DTS engineer. Posting or E-mailing has less effect
   than if you call or write a real letter and it usually bothers
   innocent people.

Q: Can the keyboard layout be changed?
A: Yes, up to a limit. Physically the keys are mostly identical and
   they pop out easily enough if you are careful. My enter key and
   escape got moved almost immediately when I got my PB140. The
   software side of things is a bit more complicated (actually a lot
   more complicated), so you should wait for someone to produce an easy
   solution for moving the keys around. Changing the KCHR resource is
   not the right answer to this problem (although it works for most people).

   At this point, it appears that the CAPS LOCK key can not be changed
   into a working control key. It is possible to disable the CAPS LOCk
   key, but beyond that, there's no way to use it otherwise. (Unless
   you want a locking key of some other kind like a CMD LOCK or CTRL LOCK.)

   I NEVER USE THE CAPS LOCK KEY. NOT EVEN WHILE I'M WRITING THIS, SO PLEASE
   APPLE MAKE SURE THAT THE NEXT BATCH OF POWERBOOKS CAN BE CONFIGURED SO
   THAT THAT KEY DOES NOT LOCK! BETTER YET, MAKE IT A FREE UPGRADE THAT
   FIXES THE SERIAL PORT TROUBLE AND THIS KEYBOARD MONSTROSITY!
   
Q: How does one open a PowerBook 140 or 170?
A: First a word of advice: you will void your warranty if you open your
   PowerBook (unless you happen to be approved by Apple) and there's a
   big chance that you will either fry something in there or you will
   leave a cable loose. A loose cable will quickly start to haunt you
   PowerBook.

   If you really want to open your PowerBook 140 or 170 and you know what
   you are doing, here's how to do it: (I give no guarantee that these
   instructions are ok or that your PowerBook will work after you have
   tampered with it.)

   First, shut down the power book, remove the power cord and the battery.
   Check to see that it really is off and has no power by pressing the
   power button in the back. Once you are sure, you can proceed. Do not
   replace the battery or the power cord while the powerbook is open.

   You need two screwdrivers: one Torx-10 and one Torx-8. The T10 will open
   the screws under the PowerBook and the T8 will open the single screw
   near the I/O ports. (Note: the T8 also opens the display screws under
   those rubber caps, but there should be no need to ever open the display.)

   Once the screws are removed, part of the bottom will slide slightly,
   releasing the front of the machine. Note that there is a ribbon cable
   connection in the back of the machine and the ribbon is very short.
   It is very easy to accidentally pull this ribbon loose. You usually
   have to unplug this cable anyway, if you are installing more memory.
   Unplugging the cable will zero your PRAM and reset the system clock.

   Now that you've seen what is inside the computer, check all the
   cables and carefully match the teeth near the trackball. It is
   quite easy to break something in there (one of the machines that
   we got from Apple was badly assembled and was missing some teeth).

   Check that the two parts are aligned correctly and put the screws
   back and tighten them carefully. If everything else is in place and
   looks ok, you can put the battery back in (never earlier than this)
   and press the power on button. Note that pressing the keyboard does not
   switch the machine on, because it has been shut down.

   Think about it? Do you really have to open a machine that was not
   designed to be opened by unqualified people?

Q: Can the annoying speaker click be disabled somehow?
A: The click usually results from the power saving system that shuts off the
   sound circuitry. So far, no one has developed a means to keep the sound
   chip on all the time. Basically you could just write a program that keeps
   making silence (playing a silent sound), but you have to remember that this
   would still waste quite a lot of power.


-----


That's it. Send comments and corrections to:

	jmunkki@hut.fi (Juri Munkki)

Don't expect me to answer your mail and don't expect that your changes
will be immediately incorporated into this article. Opinions here are
mine and are bound to change without notice. I take no responsibility
on the fairness and correctness of the advice that I may seem to be
giving here.

One more thing: RTFM. I did.