The IM Underground Volume *1 introduction The Geneva-12, Geneva-9, Athens-15, and Monaco-9 fonts are needed ta correctly view and print the files on this disk. The applications MacPaint, MacWrite, and Consulair's Edit are needed ta fully view and print the files. MacWrite could be substituted for Edit as long as the ruler is set up to emulate 6 character tab settings and a font such as Monaco-9 is used. ~ The disk contains the following files: schematics Memory (MacPsint) Cantrol Logic (MacPaint) CPU & ROM (MacPaint) IWh & VIA (MacPaint) Serial Interface (MacPaint) Address Multiplexer (MacPaint} Keyboard & Mouse (MacFaint) 128K/512K (MacPaint) Hardware Infa Keyboard Hardware (MacWrite} Video Hardware (Macwrite) Sound Hardware (MacWwrite) VIA Hardware (MacWrite) Mouse Hardware (MacWrite) Keyboard ROM G02 1PAGEO (Edit) GO21PAGE1 (Edit) 602 1PAGE2 (Edit) 802 1PAGES (Edit) Register Usage (Edit) The Ii thdlergranned -y- © 1985 Charts Video Timing (MacPaint) Hacker Chart (Macwrite) Empty Folder (Yes -- it is empty!) System Info The Systern Revealed (Macwrite) The Small System (Macwrite) Resource Flags (Macwrite) 512K Upgrade (MecWrite} Beyond 512K (Macwrite) We strongly suggest that the reader also obtain (if they don't already have it) the saftware documentation ¢rside MNecretess from Apple as it provides valuable information about the inner warkings of the operating system and device drivers. Please notify us of any errars and/or ornissions so that future releases can be corrected. The keyboard ROM listings are from an 8021 MPU that did not have Apple's copyright in or on it. The circuit board schematics are traced from several Macintosh logic boards. Apple, Apple Care, Finder, Imagewriter , Inside Macintosh, Lisa, Mac, Macintosh, Macintosh XL, MacPaint, MacsBug, Mac'vorks, Macvrite, Quickbraw, Resource Editor , and Resource Mover are trademarks of Apple Computer’, Inc. Consulair is a trademark of Consulair, Inc. Intel is a trademark of Intel Corporation. Fedit is copyright by John Mitchell. Motorola is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. Rockwell is a trademark of Rockwell international. Synertek is a trademark of Synertek, Inc. Zilog is a trademark of Zilog, Inc. The IM Underground Volume #1 is available for $25 from: The IM Underground 7iS Church Street #16 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104 The 1 Ghdergrannd -2- © 1985 7 Tew | 13 E12 4 ion) D DooodooOD i) 15 14 8 765 43 2 i) RANAD CASODO _CRASEVEN———ts IS en | 4 RAS Fans 3 RAO—————45 5 RAI——1 q RA2Z——_———5 G|G| GIs |s|s6iscisc BFIFIFIFIFIEIFIE RAS. witiii/9}slej6l5 ai}tl1{alelelels RA4 4 i ie) Hn 2} 1] 0 RAS ita f) RAG ——————Jia \3 RA?——3 § RAs————_ f WY [i e te i] fe SERVID——a 4g 5 ' UTOLOAD 4 J +. gR10 1K 15.66 ?°2MHz——Uuus R39 3.3KQ FB3 new boards > FS - F12 = SOUNDPUM: ’ 1 1 G5 - Gi2= sh, KE (For 512K, use 41256-200) | SOUNDEN— E12, £13 = F138, Fl4 = E15 , F1S = E14 = ASG = 7. 8336MHz { SOUND /UIDEO FETCH: SOUND /V | DEO: sRepIMNGUndenground pum wonwuwcuns os a oe …

C: 'ti. Macintosh' SADE Refereaee c ·• Ill 9 APPLE COMPum, INC. ~ manual and the software described in it are copyrighted, with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual or the software may not be copied, in whole or in part, Whout written consent of Apple, except in the normal use of the softwue a' to make a backup copy of the software. The same proprietary and copyright notices must be affixed to any permilled copies as were aff'ixed to the orisiml· 'Ibis exception does not allow copies to be made for others, whether or not sold, but all of the material pwchased (with all backup copies) may be sold, given, or loaned to another person. Under the law, copying includes trarulating into another language or fonnat. You may use the software on any computer owned by you, but extra copies cannot be made for this purpose. The Apple logo is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Use of the "keyboard• logo (OptionShift.K) for commercial purposes with:>ut the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in viciati>n of federal and state laws. C 1988 Apple Computer, Inc. 20525 Mariani Avenue Cuperuoo, CA 95014 (408) 996-1010 Apple, the Apple logo, WerWriter, Macintosh, APDA, MPW and SADE ue registered trademarlcs of Apple Computer, Inc. ITC Garamond and ITC Zapf Dingbats are registered trademarks of International Typeface Corporation. Mi:rosoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. POSTSCRIPT and Adobe filustrator are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Adobe Illustrator is a rndemark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. ImageStudh is a rndema.rk of ~te Pendaflex Corporation in the United States, of tetra.Set Canada Limited in Canada, and of Esselte LetraSet Limited elsewhere. QMS is a registered trademark of QMS, Inc. Llnotronic is a registered trademark of Linotype company. Smalltallc-80 is a registered trademark of the Xerox Corporation. Simultaneously publishe-;i in the United States and Canada. ) Contents Preface About This Manual v Notation conventions vii Aim to understanding vii For more information viii Part I SADE Reference 1 1 SADE Overview 3 ( ·.~. \ . ",.--" AboutSADE 5 Loading SADE 5 Getting started 6 Entering commands 7 Identifying your program to SADE 8 2 Debugging With SADE 9 Starting and stopping 11 Controlling program execution 13 More SADE commands 14 Programming in SADE 15 Break actions 16 SADE procedures and functions 16 The SADEStartup file 18 3 Symbols, Constants, and Expressions About symbols 23 Program symbols 24 Predefined SADE variables Register names 28 •' 21 27 iii • Expressions 29 Numeric constants 29 Strings 30 Built-in SADE functions 31 Operator precedence 34 Expression operand base types 35 Expression evaluation 36 The assignment operator 37 The pointer operator 38 The address operator 39 The trap operator 39 Type coercion 39 Ranges 40 A Coaunand Sununary 41 B Program Symbols 45 Part D Command Refer…

~_ _ _, - - - _ . ' - - - - - C - - - - ' - - - - ; C - - - --,.----c----~-- ---c----,-----~--.-!.r_:-----,_--__Co__--__,__---_::_--_,----,---t-------- , ~--~~---~----~----~--~~---L----~----L---~-----L----~----L---~----~----~--~----~----~--~~ __ - L _ _ _ _~ _ _ _ _~ CONNECTOR-.J EXT. SCSI '.: . 11- 'f'I-{N). '- - . ,; ::.' .. ...13 -. - .'- . _.... 0- OOxIfO :',' . -'. '. "~' •• !: -:.- .... -.; -.. : '. ,,' . '.' , ..- .~ FDD Jl EXT.ADS .',', J4 -{I§ SCCBPCRf " Pin 21.22.23.24 - Frame Ground ...-n:M __ KJB.f Ao'R F II WII.YS(JIII ~ ~ - >= >- rtI< 'i II MTI'M~ ~ - II II t-=< II II II lJ fJ II '- '------ INT. SCSI PU--58EVT2 A2 4iiiiiii CONNECTCR-2 0- J17 r- i 1 • ** ! * lUX ::l- I"" " " i-o< ."""" I'-' " W,WAYS QI8 ~ -" :.:-.-. ·...... " . ~ ',,; . '. ..... .". - .... F '--- LCD Ju §~flfmfWR~~ J19 A ~m~~ ~~I*~Ul I MAINBlJS-2 A2 I MISC.GLU :.- .. .. :;. - ..~. .fjt~~-:-~~~ ."~ ' -"~" ..• ..• "".~ " ... : . >~:. "~.: . .. 4 ~. " " ... , ;.. . " '.'. .. : R41 - 1001< . . -... =:= C108 = = CiO!l 33p ~33p .... .A2 - nun PU-58EVT2 ...... -===~=====r====~====r===~=====c====~====c===~====~=~=.=~~~i:~=~==~====~====~==~====~====~====r===~=====r====~=====1 ~'r-------C-----'-----:O--- - CPUGLU ~ 1 i .' ~~.. +; tv \t5V/oJ 'N~; 1001{ R4 ~v~' . *UB~C08l Pin14 - i5V !ALWAYS a..o Pin7-00nd PU-58EVT2 _ca.wr ......'1'.,.. It'Y"'." SIOI. -------- . . .. . .' . . ... ,. :......,..•. =' ....... ."". - . ~O) r!e5 j>. ~47 !nld ~3 ~.t:lA'" 00vl A2 PI..I-58 EVT2 " ...... SOl.NJ lNTrnFACE a '0 i 0, d~1'.· '': .. :.. ":. '. ". .470 '. . C3'0 ·o~r~oOp·.. o. . ."' ~~. . . ~. :.-~. . ..... ...,...--~ :. .- .... ..... ".", .';.... ~ U17 '.": = A201 100K __ 2 ~ r AS1. 2 va: .J~;~ iZA,J:1R. l<B YB r::::=:l u;tR. . :-.y..--". r----'l ~YC j1L- ;~ ~I· _ Ii A2 .MIDIS\Il...El!I. " ::::KUM~~m~WWL_------------~------~---------~------lr--~~~~=== R57 :B< RiB ~ ~ 1~ IBI ~ lfi:m.m d eIA9.E l...!ID. w: mil r n o .-.. :B< ~ .' . U32!11" 0 • £~ . . ...... . ". . ',." .'~'- . ' sec. SCSI&ISM U12 L ~ l!U34 rrc7S04fl PinS - ¥3V !ALWAYS a-Jl Pin3 - OGnd "'"~ .~~;:;;e4~~~:;··;;;;~t;;;;;~;;;;t;;;~~~~~~~~~~4~~~~w~~I~~im·~·III&~~4~~~~41[r~==~~~~~~.~,¥-i~-~~~.~~~~~~~~~.~.~~~~~~~~~~.::::~'~W:-: l!... F01 B~I:~~~~~~~~~~JEW:II~·II~~~~~~~I;~~~ !?= 1~ ~ ~~~~~==t=~====~·.=+==~=.. ==~1 ~. . nATAt,.,,,, " -.-: ~~ , .,".:'. - . :~'--' - -. • . rRIII ~ -.-' . .., -.. .. .- _. .". :-~.;-.-:.~- . .. .. -:-. >= i lID L.-' " .T. ,. .1o K2z. . .1~ rrl7r~~ w:<:VN"""'u:1J8.,.!L .... ;..;.L .. :::,::.. ..•. _ ~. ..;:.~'~.. __ C>~~~--r-~~r--------------------~~============~~~~~~~~~~;~~~~1IifrJl~~~~F~~~~~~~~~~~F~~ ~ ~a'M¥ A1~m~ ~C>~~~--t---t-i-----~--------------.----------------------~~~~~-L~~ ~~~~~§f~~~------------~~~~W£~~~ """ cwo. ::f ~ Wt f- ~~~~~--lt--lt-t~==…

Rich Page 6/29/85 Yideo/Sound Timing Gate Array: VIG The VTG implements the horizontal and power supply sync signals, the sound clock, the system timer and the interfaces for the front desk bus modem and the clock chip. The horizontal and power supply sync signals are derived from the video dot rate clock divided by 32 (ie. 2.1888 MHz) using a six bit counter and write registers 10 thru 13 which provide control of the horizontal period, horizontal blank stop, horizontal sync start and horizontal sync stop. The default at reset provides a horizontal rate of 1!l.75KHz and a power supply sync at twice the horizo~tal period at 99.5KHz. The refresh/sound counter is fixed at four times the sound rate using a divide of 41.5 from the 3.6864 Mhz clock which yields a clock of 88.8 KHz. The system timer is a, 16 bit counter which counts at a rate of one fourth of the 3.6864 Mhz clock (ie. approximately once every microsecond). The timer counts upwards to zero. When the timer rolls over to zero, a time out interrupt is generated (ie. s,ets ~ROJ and the system timer is loaded from the the system timer latch (write registers 6 and 7). The front desk bus (FOB) interface is a five line interface which is controlled by write register 4. The five signals are STO, ST1, FS7 (data), FC (clock) and FINT. The, FOB shift register is located at register 2. --===-;z The real time clock (RTC) interface is a four line interface which is controlled by write register 5. The four signals are CINT (1 sec interrupt), RC (clock), CE (clock enable) and RS7 (data). The VTG is located at $FFFOOP0~ with a register spacing of $10. There are six read registers and ten write registers implemented as follows: Bead Register 0: Status $FFFOOOO 0 Bit 0 SRO Status Reg 0, set by the RTC one second interrupt. Bit 1 SR1 ( Status Reg 1, set by the System Timer timeout. Bit 2 FINT . FOB Interrupt input. Bit 3 RSIN RTC serial data input. Bit 4 RA3 VTG Register Address bit 3 .. Bit 5 ES:E Enable ENC pin as sound counter enable. Bit 6 ErA Enable output buffer to RTC if set Bit 7 S10 Set if er~her SRO orSR1 is set. J ..- 17.-"\ Bead Register 2: FDa Shifter Beacf Begister 4: Number..LQw po~ $FFFk 1..0 This register allows the FOB shift register to be read. $FFF~O This register allows the low byte of the number register to be read. Numberliigb $FFFdbso tou"S1J This register allows the high byte of the number register to be read. Bead Register 5: Read Register 6: Timer L~ $FFFD060 \?60 &0 This register allows the low byte of the sy~~em timer to be read.J7'~ Bead Register 7: Timer Hlgh $FFFD070 bClO 1 0 This register allows the high byte of the system timer to be read V , Write Register 0; Bit 0 SRO , Bit 1 SR1 Bit 4 RA3 Bit5 ~ Status $FFFDOOOO RTC one second interrupt bit. System Timer timeout bit. VTG Register Address bit 3. Enable ENe pin as Sound Counter Enable. Note: This register must be initialized at system reset. The remaining bits should be zero when written. $FFFOcfuO wit…

( For ResEdit 2.0b2 •• ResEdit Reference •• Draft Developer Technical Publications @ Apple Computer, Inc. 1990 " APPLE COMPUl'ER, INC. This manual is copyrighted by Apple or by Apple's suppliers, with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Apple Computer, Inc. This exception does 00: allow copies to be made for others, whether or n<i sold, but all of the material purchased may be sold, given, or lent to aoother person. Under the law, copying includes translating into another language. The Apple logo is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Use of the "keyboard- Apple logo (OptionShift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws. e Apple Computer, Inc., 1990 20525 Mariani Avenue Cupertino, CA 95014-6299 (408) 996"1010 Apple, the Apple logo, AIUX, HyperCard, MacApp, LaserWriter, and Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. APDA, MPW, MultiFinder, and Switcher are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. ITC ZapfDingbats is a registered trademark of Imemational Typeface Corporation. POSTSCRIPT is a registered trademark, and illustrator is a trademark, of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. IJmited Warranty on MedJa and Beplacemem If you discover physical defects in the manual or in the media on which a software product is distributed, APDA will replace the media or manual at no charge to you provided you return the item to be replaced with proof of purchase to APDA. AIl.1MPIlED WAlUlANTIFS ON THIS MANUAL, INCLUDING IMPIlED WARRANTIFS OF MERCHANTABIUl'Y AND Fll'NESS FORA PAmCUlAR ptJRPQSE, ARE LIMrI'ED IN DURAnON TO N1NE1Y (90) DAYS FROM THE DATE OF THE ORIGINAL RETAIL PURCHASE OF THIS PRODUCl'. Even though Apple has reviewed this manual, APPLE MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTAnON, EII'HER EXPRFSS OR IMPIlED, wrm RFSPECl'TO THIS MANUAL, D'S QUAUlY, ACCURACY, . MERCHANTABIUl'Y, OR Fll'NESS FORA PAmCUlAR PURPOSE. AS ABFSULT, THIS MANUALm SOlD -AS m,· AND YOU, THE PURCHASER, ARE ASSUMlNG THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO D'S QUAUlY AND ACCURACY. IN NO EVENT WlLLAPPU BE UABlE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, lNaDENTAL, OR CONSEQUEN11AL DAMAGES BESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT OR INACCURACY IN THIS MANUAL, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. THE WARRANTY AND REMEDIES SEl' FOKTH ABOVE ARE EX~IVEAND IN LIEU OF AIl. OTHERS, ORAL OR WRIl1'EN, EXPRFSS OR IMPIlED. No Apple dealer, agent, or employee is authorized to make any modification, extension, or addition to this warranty. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limiration or exclusion may not apply to you. This warranty gives you SpecifIC legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to s…

Macintosh Video Circuit +30V J4! PIN1 VIDEO L1 +12V! ! FROM POWER! SUPPLY L4! 27 +5 +12V TO SWEEP CKTS C2 4700/16V CR12 +5 U2 PIN3 R35! 1K R25! 470 Q6! 2N4401 11 13 R20 220 9 12 HOR! DRIVE R14 CR13 8 10 Q7! 2N3904 CR14 YEL NE2 2 BLK 3 BRN 4 L5 +12V NE1 T2 Q3! BU406 C12! .001 C7! .01 R8! 100 R12! 100 R17 1M R13! 100K C12! .01 C17! .01 C13! 33/16V BRIGHTNESS! R57 1M C15! .01 SPKR! 63Ω CR11 PIN7 C1! 3.9/25V R1! 220 WIDTH L2 PIN9 1 C4! .033 L3 HORIZ! 4! TO! J1! YOKE 3 R15! 100K T1 2 3 C3! 220/16V C8 .01 CR10 7 CR1 +30V 8 4 C14! 22/50V 5 +12V Q1! MPSU01 +5V 1 PIN5 2 R24! 10K Q5 2N5485 C10 .22 S 3 1/4 U1 - 13 4 12 6 R22! 330K CR4 C5! 47/10V D G 1/4 U1! LM324 3 + 2 - + 1 CR3 14 R4! R2! 100 1.5 R6! 2.2K CR2 1! VERT! J1! TO! 2 YOKE Q2! MPSU51 R10! 10K +5V R3! 1.5 C6! 22/50V 5 R11 1.5 R21! 1K HEIGHT! R55! 500K R30! 10K CR7 C11! 33/16V CR15! 1N5234! 6.2V R31! 10K -12V R16! 100K CR5 +12V VERT! DRIVE 7 BLU R19! 470K R7! 39 5W J3 6 RED R18! 100K C9! 10/160V CR4 +12V PIN4 1 GRN CR28 Q4! 2N4401 CR6 C19! .01 R28 10K R29! 1M 10 + 9 1/4 U1! LM324 8 C20! .01 -12V CUTOFF! R53 2M R5! 470K R9! 1M FOCUS! R54 2M SW1 14 49 CPU 68000 23 IPL2 R2 3.3K 24 IPL1 R30 3.3K 13 BR R20 3.3K 22 BERR 25 IPL0 19 VMA 18 RESET 17 HALT 6 AS 7 UDS 8 LDS 9 R/W 10 DTACK 15 CLK 20 E 1 C5 D0-D15 D0-D15 A1-A23 CONTROL 4 SPKR CONTROL 5 +5V 4 3 OSC 1 -12V 15.6672 MHZ R8 3.3K 7 20 4 11 19 1 18 BMU1 R/W A1 A21 9 30 A2 A22 8 31 A3 A23 7 13 SCC:RD 32 A4 VA7! 3 12 IWM:CS 33 A5 VA8! 2 34 A6 VA9! 1 35 A7 VA14 5 36 A8 A10 39 9 L1 10 BAT 11 29 38 CLK 2 OVERLAY 6 A9 R31 47 L2 8 +12V VPA 37 L3 6 7 U4D LS04 2 AS 12 X 2.2K 33MFD 16V 3 A1-A23 21 17 RAM.E 16L8 9 RAM.E 2 15 VPA 342-0250 3 15 BMU0 3 16 VIDEO-OUT 1 CLK 19 DTACK 16R4 20 19 DTACK TSM 2 12 CAS.LO 16R4 A19 1 CLK 20 3 TSG 13 CAS.HI VPA 2 14 RAS IRQ 9 INT 8 7.8336MHZ 18 3 19 IPL0 17 16R6 20 2 CB1 CLK 1 14 RTxC VA1! 9 VA2! 8 VA3! 7 17 CPU-VID VA4 4 19 RESYNB AS 7 18 VIDEO-IN UDS 8 VA10! 13 RAM.WR LDS 9 VA11! 14 AX13 RAM.E 5 18 VA12! 17 AX14 ROM.E 6 17 5 5 18 RESLN S1 4 15 .9792MHZ 4 6 15 S1 342-0255 VA13! VA14 OE RP 10 342-0252 KBRD CLK 7 S0 E 12 6 16 OE 11 10 342-0254 11 R5 47 D0 10 10 10 8 2 311 3 7 D8 11 8 40 SCC TRxCA 39 A11 D11 2 40 A12 D12 38 41 A13 D13 3 42 A14 D14 37 43 A15 D15 4 44 A16 A1 34 SYNCA 45 A17 A2 32 RTSA 46 A18 R/W 35 DTRA 47 A19 SCC.RD 36 TxDA 48 A20 SCC.WR 33 50 A21 SCC.INT 5 SYNCB 51 A22 SCC.CLK 20 RTSB 52 A23 R6 47 A1 A2 9 A3 8 ROM.LO A4 7 23256 A5 6 4 D1 A6 5 3 D2 A7 2 D3 A8 D4 28 10 D0 D2 W/REQB 3 15 D3 17 D5 D7 A12 19 D7 61 D8 A13 60 D9 A14 59 D10 A15 58 D11 A16 57 D12 A20 56 …

ti® Macintosh® Macintosh Programmer's Workshop 3.0 Assembler Reference ti APPLE COMPUTER, INC. This manual and the software described in it are copyrighted, with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual or the software may not be copied, in whole or part, without written consenr of Apple, except in the normal use of the software or to make a backup copy of the software. The same proprietary and copyright notices must be affixed to any permitted copies as were affixed to the original. This exception does not allow copies to be made for others, whether or not sold, but all of the material purchased (with all backup copies) may be sold, given, or loaned to another person. Under the law, copying includes translating into another language or format. You may use the software on any computer owned by you, but extra copies cannot be made for this purpose. © 1985-88 Apple Computer, Inc. 20525 Mariani Ave. Cupertino,Caluornia 95014 (408) 996-1010 Pascal Compiler © 1982-88 Apple Computer, Inc. © 1981 SYS, Inc. Apple, the Apple logo, AppleShare, AppleTalk, A/UX, ImageWriter, I.aserWriter, Lisa, MacApp, Macintosh, and SANE, are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. MPW, QuickDraw, ResEdi!, APDA, and SADE are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. MacDraw, MacPaint, and MacWrite are registered trademarks of Claris Corporation. Microsoft Word is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. ITC Garamond and ITC Zapf Dingbats are registered trademarks of International Typeface Corporation. POSTSCRIPT is a registered trademark of the Adobe Systems Incorporated. Adobe Illustrator 88 is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. ImageStudio is a trademark of Esselte Pendaflex Corporation in the United States, of LetraSet Canada Limited in Canada, and of Esselte LetraSet Limited elsewhere. Motorola is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. MathType is a trademark of Design Science, Inc. QMS is a registered trademark of QMS, Inc. UNIX is a trademark of AT&T Bell laboratories. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. MPW sample programs Apple Computer, Inc. grants users of the Macintosh Programmer's Workshop a royalty-free license to incorporate Macintosh ~rammer's Workshop sample programs into their own programs, or to modify the sample programs for use in their own programs, provided such use is exclusively on Apple computers. For any modified Macintosh Programmer's Workshop sample program, you may add your own copyright notice alongside the Apple copyright notice. Contents Figures and tables xiii Preface About This Manual xv What this manual contains xvii Other reference materials xviii Notation conventions xix Aids to understanding xix Courier typeface xx Italic xx Fields xxi Delimiter symbols xxi Braces xxii Brackets xxii Ellipses xxiii Underlining xxiii For more information xxiv Part I Using the Assembler 1 1 About the Assembler 3 General characteristics 5 Overview of the assembly process 6 Assembly files 7 Programming for the …