111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 US005590334A United States Patent [19J [lll Patent Number: 5,590,334 Saulpaugh et al. [45] Date of Patent: Dec. 31, 1996 [54] OBJECT ORIENTED MESSAGE PASSING SYSTEM AND METHOD [75] Inventors: Thomas E. Saulpaugh, San Jose; Bill M. Bruffey, Cupertino; Russen T. Williams, San Jose, all of Calif. [73] Assignee: Apple Computer, Inc, Cupertino, Calif. [21] Appl. No.: 618,404 [22] Filed: Mar. 19, 1996 Related U.S. Application Data [63] Continuation of Ser. No. 220,043, Mar. 30, 1994, abandoned. [51] [52] Int. Cl. 6 ...................................................... G06F 13/14 U.S. Cl. ....................... 395/683; 395/600; 395/200.1; 3951733 Field of Search ..................................... 395/200, 700, 3951775, 600, 200.1; 364/DIG. 1, 228.5, 228.8 [58] References Cited [56] U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 5,142,683 8/1992 Burkhardt et al ....................... 395n25 5,230,051 711993 Quan ....................................... 395noo 5,265,206 11/1993 Shackelford et al. .................. 395/200 5,305,461 4/1994 Feigenbaum et al. .................. 395n75 5,315,709 5/1994 Alston, Jr. et al ...................... 395/600 5,317,746 5/1994 Watanabe ................................ 395noo 5,329,619 7/1994 Page et al ............................... 395/200 5,333,269 7/1994 Calvignac et al. ...................... 395/200 5,371,850 12/1994 Beisan et al. ........................... 395/200 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 0425420 0483036 5/1991 4/1992 European Pat. Off.. European Pat. Off. ..................... 9/44 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Tripathi, A. et al. "Type Management System In Tue Nexus Distributed Programming Environment," 5 Oct. 1988, pp. 170-177. Hong-Tai Chou et al. "Versions and Change Notification in an Object-Oriented Database System," 12 Jun. 1988, pp. 275-281. D. V. Pitts et al. "Object Memory and Storage Management in the Clouds Kernel," 13 Jun. 1988, pp. 10-17. D. C. Robinson et al. "Domain-Based Access Contra! for Distributed Computing Systems" in Software Engineering Journal, Sep. 1988, pp. 161-170, vol. 3, No. 5. U. Ramachandran et al. "A Measurement-Based Study of Hardware Support for Object lnvocation" in Software Practice & Experience, Sep. 1989, pp. 809-828, vol. 19, No. 9. M. Ancona. "Persistent Heaps," 21 Mar. 1990, pp. 324-331. G Pathak et al. "Object eXchange Service for an Object-0riented Database System," 6 Feb. 1989, pp. 27-34. Primary Examiner-Kevin A. Kriess Assistant Examiner-Majid A. Banankhah Attomey, Agent, or Finn-Carr, DeFilippo & Ferrell [57] ABSTRACT An object oriented message passing system for transferring messages between a client task and a server task comprises an object database, an object management unit, a message transaction unit, and a locking unit. Tue object management unit creates a port object and one or more associated message objects. Tue message transaction unit matches a send message request issue…

An Introduction to Copland The Mac™ OS Foundation for the Next Generation of Personal Computers TM Copland is the development name for the next major release of the Mac™ OS from Apple® Computer, Inc. This document introduces Copland’s new architecture, its capabilities, and the benefits it will deliver to individuals and organizations. Product Primer Contents Welcome ..........................................................................................................................3 Introducing Copland: Foundation for the Future ........................................................4 Copland: The Next Step Toward Apple’s Vision for the Mac OS ......................................................4 Creating Copland: Apple’s Four-Point Plan for the Mac OS ..............................................................4 The Copland Advantage ......................................................................................................................5 Summary ................................................................................................................................................5 Setting New Standards for Ease of Use: The Copland User Interface ......................6 Automating Routine Tasks: From “Show Me” to “Do It for Me” ....................................................................6 Managing Information Overload......................................................................................................................7 Personalizing the Work Environment ..............................................................................................................7 Summary ..........................................................................................................................................................8 Improving on Superior Performance: Copland’s System Foundation ......................9 Copland OS Foundation ......................................................................................................................9 Exploiting the Power of RISC for Higher Performance ............................................................10 Memory Protection for Better System Reliability ......................................................................10 A More Efficient—and Cost-Effective—Memory Model ............................................................10 Easier System Extension ............................................................................................................10 More Options Through Hardware Abstraction ........................................................................11 Improvements in Networking ..........................................................................................................11 OpenDoc: Component Software for Innovative Solutions ............................................................11 Summary ...............................................................................................…

An Introduction to Copland The Mac™OS Foundation for the Next Generation of Personal Computers TM Copland is the development name for the next major release of the Mac™ OS from Apple® Computer, Inc. This document introduces Copland’s new architecture, its capabilities, and the benefits it will deliver to individuals and organizations. Product Primer Tech Terms Explained Active assistance Features of the Mac OS that allow the computer to guide the user and assist them in accomplishing tasks. Copland will include capabilities that allow the computer to perform activities automatically; for example, backing up files on a scheduled basis or assisting a user with installing software. Component software Self-contained, reusable software modules. Copland will support component software written for the industry-standard OpenDoc architecture. Microkernel The set of lowest-level operating system services that arbitrate system resources such as the CPU and memory. Copland will deliver a microkernel-based OS, which will improve system performance and stability, and make its users more efficient in accomplishing their work. OpenDoc The most widely compatible software architecture for component software. Copland will integrate support for OpenDoc as part of the Mac OS. Open Transport A communications architecture, based on open computer industry standards, that can be used to implement any number of networking and other communications systems. QuickDraw™ 3D Apple’s cross-platform application programming interface (API) for creating and rendering real-time, workstation-class 3D graphics. Scalable user interface The ability in Copland to control the extent of a user’s access to system and application features. TM i Contents Welcome ..............................................................................................................................................................................................1 Introducing Copland: Foundation for the Future ......................................................................................2 Copland: The Next Step Toward Apple’s Vision for the Mac OS ..........................................................2 Creating Copland: Apple’s Four-Point Plan for the Mac OS ..................................................................2 The Copland Advantage ............................................................................................................................3 Summary ....................................................................................................................................................3 Setting New Standards for Ease of Use: The Copland User Interface ....................................4 Automating Routine Tasks: From “Show Me” to “Do It for Me” ............................................................4 Managing Information Overload .........................................................................................................…

About the Copland File System Preliminary Developer Press © Apple Computer, Inc. 1992–1995 Files DR0Book : Copyright.dr0 Page 2 Tuesday, October 17, 1995 3:28 PM ð Apple Computer, Inc.  1992–1995 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Apple Computer, Inc., except to make a backup copy of any documentation provided on CD-ROM. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws. No licenses, express or implied, are granted with respect to any of the technology described in this book. Apple retains all intellectual property rights associated with the technology described in this book. This book is intended to assist application developers to develop applications only for Apple-labeled or Apple-licensed computers. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not responsible for typographical errors. Apple Computer, Inc. 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014 408-996-1010 Apple, the Apple logo, AppleLink, AppleScript, AppleShare, AppleTalk, GeoPort, HyperCard, ImageWriter, LocalTalk, Macintosh, MacTCP, OpenDoc, PowerBook, Power Macintosh, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, and WorldScript are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. Balloon Help, Chicago, Finder, Geneva, Mac, and QuickDraw are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. MacPaint and MacWrite are registered trademarks, and Clarisworks is a trademark, of Claris Corporation. NuBus is a trademark of Texas Instruments. PowerPC is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation, used under license therefrom. UNIX is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively through X/Open Company, Ltd. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state.. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. Even though Apple has reviewed this manual, APPLE MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THIS MANUAL, ITS QUALITY, ACCURACY, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AS A RESULT, THIS MANUAL IS SOLD “AS IS,” AND YOU, THE PURCHASER, ARE ASSUMING THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO ITS QUALITY AND ACCURACY. IN NO EVENT WILL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR DIR…

ð INSIDE MACINTOSH Apple Events in Mac OS 8 ð WWDC Release May 1996 © Apple Computer, Inc. 1994 - 1996 ð Apple Computer, Inc. © 1994–1996 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Apple Computer, Inc., except to make a backup copy of any documentation provided on CD-ROM. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws. No licenses, express or implied, are granted with respect to any of the technology described in this book. Apple retains all intellectual property rights associated with the technology described in this book. This book is intended to assist application developers to develop applications only for Apple-labeled or Apple-licensed computers. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not responsible for typographical errors. Apple Computer, Inc. 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014 408-996-1010 Even though Apple has reviewed this manual, APPLE MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THIS MANUAL, ITS QUALITY, ACCURACY, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AS A RESULT, THIS MANUAL IS SOLD “AS IS,” AND YOU, THE PURCHASER, ARE ASSUMING THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO ITS QUALITY AND ACCURACY. IN NO EVENT WILL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT OR INACCURACY IN THIS MANUAL, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. THE WARRANTY AND REMEDIES SET FORTH ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHERS, ORAL OR WRITTEN, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. No Apple dealer, agent, or employee is authorized to make any modification, extension, or addition to this warranty. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state. Apple, the Apple logo, and Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. Finder and Mac are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. Draft. Confidential.  Apple Computer, Inc. 4/22/96 Contents Chapter 1 Introduction to the Mac OS 8 Event Model 1-1 Apple Events in Mac OS 8 1-4 Apple Event Communications Model 1-4 Apple Event Data Model 1-5 The Mac OS 8 Event Model 1-6 Apple Event Dispatchers 1-8 Handler Tables 1-9 Apple Event Handlers 1-10 Tasking Models 1-11 One Ta…

Copland I/O Architecture Preliminary Developer Press © Apple Computer, Inc. 1992–1995 ð Apple Computer, Inc.  1992–1995 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Apple Computer, Inc., except to make a backup copy of any documentation provided on CD-ROM. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws. No licenses, express or implied, are granted with respect to any of the technology described in this book. Apple retains all intellectual property rights associated with the technology described in this book. This book is intended to assist application developers to develop applications only for Apple-labeled or Apple-licensed computers. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not responsible for typographical errors. Apple Computer, Inc. 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014 408-996-1010 Apple, the Apple logo, AppleLink, AppleScript, AppleShare, AppleTalk, GeoPort, HyperCard, ImageWriter, LocalTalk, Macintosh, MacTCP, OpenDoc, PowerBook, Power Macintosh, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, and WorldScript are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. Balloon Help, Chicago, Finder, Geneva, Mac, and QuickDraw are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. MacPaint and MacWrite are registered trademarks, and Clarisworks is a trademark, of Claris Corporation. NuBus is a trademark of Texas Instruments. PowerPC is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation, used under license therefrom. UNIX is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively through X/Open Company, Ltd. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state.. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. Even though Apple has reviewed this manual, APPLE MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THIS MANUAL, ITS QUALITY, ACCURACY, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AS A RESULT, THIS MANUAL IS SOLD “AS IS,” AND YOU, THE PURCHASER, ARE ASSUMING THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO ITS QUALITY AND ACCURACY. IN NO EVENT WILL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM A…

 Mac OS 8 (D11E4) Release Notes These release notes describe some of the changes that have occurred since the previous developer release of Mac OS 8. There may be functionality and changes not described here. This document is provided to you as an aid in determining the functionality of this release and which bugs are already known by Apple. The seven-digit numbers (e.g. 1246744) are used internally for bug tracking. • Appearance Manager (Themes) Bugs Fixed: SetTheme now restores port on exit (1246744) Pen PixPat no longer uses same pat as back PixPat (1331809) Control directionality now masked for scrollbars (1339213) Popup controls now draw correctly when in Right-to-left orientation (1335344) Control Invisibility no longer asserts, just exits draw function (1338987, 1337889) Window variant codes now work for dialogs and floating windows (1263898, 1341133, 1331822) Known Bugs/Problems In This Release: A state may occur with some applications where the port pen or background pixpat ends up nil. This may cause a later crash is some cases. Window titles of some windows get clipped off when redrawn on update or uncollapse. Control focus is being redone and should finally work correctly. • Apple Technology (International) Kotoeri Bugs fixed since d11e1: 1340125 Kotoeri does not do kana-kanji conversion 1346425 Kotoeri Keyboard icon is wrong 1349013 Annoying DebugStr in KotoeriIMInitRoutine 1346218 Kotoeri palette disappears when zoomed, frame remains 1346221 Bad redraw when scrolling through character palette. Known bugs / unimplemented features: • Daruma returns kanji characters grouped into morphemes; Kotoeri should combine these morphemes into courser-grained groups based on part-of-speech, but currently does not do so. • Kotoeri should call Daruma multiple times to get a more comprehensive list of canidates, but currently only calls Daruma once (so you may not see the Kanji you're looking for). • Not all of the two-byte Roman punctuation and other special characters are correctly transliterated (the table is incomplete). • The following menu items have not been implemented: Kotoeri help \ Open Dictionary > the corresponding buttons on the command palette are also non-functional Kotoeri preferences / Retrieve fixed Yomi Transliterate ... Japanese Locale Bugs fixed In This Build: 1355895 D11E4c5: "Japanese" locale file requires 'lobj' resources for 'itlc' and 1355900 D11E4c5: an assert when boot in Japanese primary 1335203 Added Mac OS 8 collate table to the end of 'itl2' table 1344067 Correct wrong region ID What’s New In This Build: Add 'spfn' locale objects. Japanese Fonts No change since d11e2 Language Analysis No change since d11e2 Daruma Engine What’s New In This Build: Once changed grammar file structure (1338777), but backed to old structure since 1338777 isn't approved yet. Fixed a bug that the analysis cannot be done when the same string is specified as the last anaysis call (1344522) Update some part of speech code of grammar…

ð Copland Technical Overview ð Draft Developer Press  Apple Computer, Inc. 1995 This document was created with FrameMaker 4.0.4 ð Apple Computer, Inc.  1995 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Apple Computer, Inc. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws. No licenses, express or implied, are granted with respect to any of the technology described in this book. Apple retains all intellectual property rights associated with the technology described in this book. This book is intended to assist application developers to develop applications only for Apple Macintosh computers. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not responsible for typographical errors. Apple Computer, Inc. 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014 408-996-1010 Adobe Photoshop is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated, which may be registered in certain jurisdictions. Palatino is a registered trademark of Linotype Company. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. MacPaint and MacWrite are registered trademarks, and Clarisworks is a trademark, of Claris Corporation. NuBus is a trademark of Texas Instruments. PowerPC is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation, used under license therefrom. UNIX is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively through X/Open Company, Ltd. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. Even though Apple has reviewed this manual, APPLE MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THIS MANUAL, ITS QUALITY, ACCURACY, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AS A RESULT, THIS MANUAL IS SOLD “AS IS,” AND YOU, THE PURCHASER, ARE ASSUMING THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO ITS QUALITY AND ACCURACY. IN NO EVENT WILL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT OR INACCURACY IN THIS MANUAL, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. THE WARRANTY AND REMEDIES SET FORTH ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHERS, ORAL OR WRITTEN, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. No Apple dealer, agent, or employee is authorized to make any modification, extension, or addition to this warranty. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other…

K INSIDE MACINTOSH Modular I/O K WWDC Release May 1996 © Apple Computer, Inc. 1994 - 1996 K Apple Computer, Inc. © 1996 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Apple Computer, Inc., except to make a backup copy of any documentation provided on CD-ROM. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws. No licenses, express or implied, are granted with respect to any of the technology described in this book. Apple retains all intellectual property rights associated with the technology described in this book. This book is intended to assist application developers to develop applications only for Apple-labeled or Apple-licensed computers. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not responsible for typographical errors. Apple Computer, Inc. 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014 408-996-1010 Apple, the Apple logo, Geoport, QuickTime, and Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. AppleTalk and Mac are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Adobe, Acrobat, and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated or its subsidiaries and may be registered in certain jurisdictions. Helvetica and Palatino are registered trademarks of Linotype-Hell AG and/or its subsidiaries. ITC Zapf Dingbats is a registered trademark of International Typeface Corporation. NuBus is a trademark of Texas Instruments. PowerPC is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation, used under license therefrom. QuickView™ is licensed from Altura Software, Inc. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. Even though Apple has reviewed this manual, APPLE MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THIS MANUAL, ITS QUALITY, ACCURACY, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AS A RESULT, THIS MANUAL IS SOLD “AS IS,” AND YOU, THE PURCHASER, ARE ASSUMING THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO ITS QUALITY AND ACCURACY. IN NO EVENT WILL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT OR INACCURACY IN THIS MANUAL, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. THE WARRANTY AND REMEDIES SET FORTH ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHERS, ORAL OR WRITTEN, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. No Apple dealer, agent, or employee is authorized to make any modification, extension, or addition to this warranty. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or Draft.  Apple Computer, Inc. 4/22/96 liability…