’ 7 Vat om da tey vy PN oo aes Ros a Wat tO co wren enen @ orecram ¢ syst ‘é cecugc¢er, you ena uc in te ¢ “cee. scar. une cut eventually you 4 ¢ Q So ot tne cenugger., ycu need tO Kne m regh: of tne tnird line nas a ol says i L2, { demain, and if the comain is nonzero and 1 eS! aa resume you snculd tyra the CRELGG ramen mL YOLCal Found in ine office system, end using tne G cc@mmand forces tne orecess LO the tarminate exceoticn nendlsr, and things can ce cut ayay neatly. If you are in cemain 0, or ovarridden to z3r0, you snculd use tne ASQUIT corrmerd, i incut Tf you are stuck “2y you went ta or mouse Clicks, 5 $ lesp In aither cas in comain Q, YOu : are @ proceoly leests r Po tr you ara eitn: nit NMI. If the disol isn g. To Kill tne orocess, hae can tyo2 GQ, 9 0 folley Tnis sats the orcerem counter vo Q and tries ta access location 0 unin’ 3 illegal and causes a cus error. Typtr rg G a tnis ous error yill terminate the oroecess neatly. If you are and you are sitting o instru otion, tyre If the res td instruotica, wren yeu make sure non S pent tinue and y profile li tan in orcgress, for tna i/ 2 follows. fe ‘ on and ATS instruct yee OSQUIT to cleen up the os and fils tructuras t tren MMI ; instruction. You can cl as section. corain 0, Tyre % cu 2 gt 3 ass Uo Sh Fu vatatal SSbene nas sere <5 fines ay 23 2 Farst cage ug a sects Sus 2 Scutsa. $205ra seted and BoC28$ 2 Go anc maP me eataed ceed ar a= Tate 2 Dus srrer Unc uc on rege 2 8 a peoiets: SS Pag. fe20 TOOTS TOUT aT ‘a wage Ving cy w sy orm u worualsa3 o12e3 ioarions is eceuse MMI, fcara Y3 S90" The tnird secs of Oings cf inforration. Te First is a TIgist « OF@yl, =nen a cisassemoly of tne instructions surr mally a por chic of tha C disolayed ugien ore) ararnais SV Any sia. oa G 7 eer B eR] To find cut shat the orcees cojscting ta, 2 start oy at SUBEMCLS +34, the iscaties at tra too of tne radi Star aise ay, Lockin at the d disasseroly (ark ge 3) CUS-92 and at 796 Sut not an +94, it tu mas alreecy at a wot as aireedy acvenced cast) the iageretic A being acs sy 4, and the instruoticn ceing exscured i3 at ab. This is sarked 6 cn og2 3. Locking 2 cen $632 that 49 lecks Ck but AL is Q. caused tie bus error. Ther2 is also some other ner ormaticn cn nega 3. Register 36 coints t the stack frame (rarks cn 26g2 3). Matcning the acaress conteaired in AG with the steck disalay, 8, can find the garcretars to SUSFMCLS. The address is marked 2. ihe first 2 G3 at wet aceress Link ne calling stack frame anc the return pe for irs calling ov Tae FolLovirg ~ ar 002 caramecers in REVEESE orcar (warxsd 3). See ora “3g9tion cn 3 fOr Tora catails, Cne we Using mp2 FU end Pl canrencis. Thasa a G3 use a. . Par SLT I2ocEen2 OT Sigeetnant rescar ly. Tey ¢ not m2 CONN, id ca used Sacaiy fol oF 2 Cug so the ert ‘solay is oreserved. IF you co a Sta Ql is sretty dean, tha sta Kk Orayl can wice cut the error ats ON ang alienate screen less valueoia. Fir Ta322 Peg ine sama cus evroer. The first comm…

< FnerComm.text, 3-Ja.n..,a3, F.Ludolph l < Copyright 1·983, Apple Compubr lnc. > UN l T F i1 erCornra f INTRINSlC; INTERrAt:E USES {$U obj:$ysCall <-.u obj :.PSysCa:11 ) SysCall, ) PSy$Ca l 1 , (.$0 obj :Uni tStd ) Utt i t:Std, (:S\J obJ tUn it Hz > Un i tttz, ($U obj JStorage l Storage 1_ ($U obhrontMgr J FontMgr, ('$1J obj:Qu i ck Draw } Qui ckl)rw, {$UobJ:WM.Event• > Ev:enb, <SU C)bJ;WM.fo.lders l Folders; ($6£'TC fcDebug = +DbgOk j {$SETC f.cS)'mbOls == +$)'1110k l ( Th.is unit contains the record dtflni ti on used for Fiter-Appli~ation communications. It is uslKI in both receiving ev.ent• fram and s.ndtng ennh to the Filer. · An applicatio11 is t.h.rted by tbe Fiter- via the OS call 'Hak.tt...Procn'.s". The application should ex·ecuh· I ts i'nitl al i:atio11 code and then .. cal 1 GetEvent. The inJtiHalinHon code should Hrst call 'Open~' (to $It up the Filer-Appl icatfort cotlli'llunicatiotl channel> and then dwclare I: Sys~T•rminah uccttption handler. H thtt txeeption handhr cannot.bt declared or H initilltation c:annot be completed, the a9pl icaHon should 'Te HF Iler" that ifdni tF~JhcV and the ruson <se-e th• stet ion on unsoli c i te d message& in the tab le belO'W >. See the Sounc t nQ Balls 'In it i a Hu' procedure for an e-xainple. The f::ilu• sef!ds a FilerEvent to an application. The GHAddParams procedure is used to o.bhfn the additional parameters at;,$.Qciated with this •vent. TwO: parameters are pas.$td.f a fllerOp that dt'.fin&s the operation to be performed, and an optional patl;t11ame, fDocName, 1.1Jhicb Ls usitd to open, create, al\d destroy the .di skfl tes that make up the document. An application 1.1s:ts 'fDocName a-s a preiix for disk-file patbnames. It consist-s of ·a dis.k volume n·ame and the initial characters of a disl(file name. Thel'"e are currently 9 f'.i1er0ps., thou that .open a document, t,hose that 1nose or c:apy an open document, on• that tells an application tn tlo$e a di s.IH ile 1 arid one tha·t tel h tht prous5 to termina. te. Those ttiat Qpen= fc:None1. No doc: to open! The us.er pulled a tool .ra.thtr• than a doc. +cResume: Open the doc, or c:rute a new do.c if n<>.dhkfiles exist, and display conhnh. in window. H the ddt was ~u~:pended, restore its state·. Thou that close; 'fcCl Qse: Page 1 Update doc into new disKiiles and close. The source doc is unchar1ged and remains open. fcPu·t: Update and close doc to new location (fl)ocName). Destl"OY the old version. fcShredi Close the .doc as In fcSus.pend, if possible, or just close the diskfiles, if possible. Filer will delete them later. fcSuspend: Close doc, keep edits stpera.te, uve docu!"ent., state. fcCopy: fcDf.Close: Close the disl<file <not document> using the refnum provided else app will be terminatid. <User is removing a diskette.) Terminate; fcTerminate: Terminate the process and suspend any open docs (act.ua11y there shouldn't be art'Y open when this is received). An fcResume/fcNone is sent when: 1) the user pul 1s a docu…

.® I Macintosh~ Macintosh Programmer's Workshop 2.0 Reference " APPLE COMPUTER, INC. This manual and the software described in it are copyrighted, with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual or the software may not be copied, in whole or part, without written consent of Apple, except in the normal use of the software or to make a backup copy of the software. The same proprietary and copyright notices must be afflxed to any permitted copies as were affIxed to the original. This exception does not allow copies to be made for others, whether or not sold, but all of the material purchased (with all backup copies) may be sold, given, or loaned to another person. Under the law, copying indudes translating into another language or format. You may use the software on any computer owned by you, but extra copies cannot be made for this purpose. © 1985, 1986, 1987 Apple Computer, Inc. 20525 Mariani Ave. Cupertino, California 95014 (408) 996-1010 Pascal Compiler © 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987 Apple Computer, Inc. © 1981 SVS, Inc. C Compiler © 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987 Green Hills Software, Inc. Apple, the Apple logo, AppleTalk, ImageWriter, LaserWriter, Lisa, MacDraw, Macintosh, MacPaint, and MacWrite are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. AppleShare, MacApp, SANE, and Switcher are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Motorola is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. UNIX is a trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. MPW sample programs Apple Computer, Inc. grants users of the Macintosh Programmer's Workshop a royalty-free license to incorporate Macintosh Programmer's Workshop sample programs into their own programs, or to modify the sample programs for use in their own programs, provided such use is exdusively on Apple computers. For any modified Macintosh Programmer's Workshop sample program, you may add your own copyright notice alongside the Apple copyright notice. Contents Figures and tables xvii Preface xxi Power tools for Macintosh programmers xxi What's new in MPW 2.0 xxii New menus xxiii New Shell commands xxiii New tools xxiv Other new features xxvi What you'll need xvii Hardware and system requirements xvii System Folder requirements xxvii Documentation xxviii About this manual xxviii Syntax notation xxix Port I Chapter 1 Shell Reference 1-1 System Overview 1-1 The MPW Shell 1-2 Window commands 1-2 File management commands 1-3 Editing commands 1-3 Structured commands 1-4 Other built-in commands 1-4 MP\'V" command scripts 1-5 MP\'V" tools 1-5 Assembler 1-6 Pascal too Is 1-6 C Compiler 1-7 Linker 1-7 Make 1-7 Resource Compiler and Decompiler 1-8 Commando 1-8 Conversion tools 1-8 Performance measurement tools 1-8 Applications 1-9 RcsEdit 1-9 iii Debugger 1-9 Special command scripts 1-9 Examples 1-10 Sample program files 1-10 Command-language examples 1-10 Overview of MPW files and directories 1-11 Chapter 2 Getting started 2·1 Installing the system 2-2…

030-3621-A MPW3.2 Release Notes Erratum Due to an oversight, an erroneous comment symbol was used in lines 20 through 24 of the source file: {MPW}PExamples:TESampleGlue.a The character"#" was incorrectly written where the character";" should have been written. MPW3.2 Release Notes i Copyright Apple Computer, Inc. 1990-1991. All rights reserved. MPW3.2 Release Notes This release note summarizes the differences between MPW 3.2 and MPW 3.0, the last version for which a reference manual exists. Details beyond those given in this note are to be found in separate release notes entitled MPW 3.2 Shell, MPW 3.2 Object Pascal, MPW 3.2 C, MPW 3.2 Assembler, MPW 3.2 Libraries & Interfaces, MPW 3.2 "411" Help, MPW 3.2 Run-Time Architecture, MPW 3.2 SIOW, and MPW 3.2 Tools & Scripts. Three of the above: "411" Help, Run-Time Architecture, and SIOW describe completely new features. Principal Changes Shell • Projector has a number of enhancements. • The Editor provides split windows. • A marker browser has been provided. • There are additional commands for the faccess function. • The save command, when scripted, saves the resource fork of a file if any resource has changed. • MPW can now be run under A/UX. • New System 7 .0 error codes have been added to the file SysErrs.err. c • A variety of new object code optimizations have been implemented. • There are new compiler options to control optimization level. MPW3.2 Release Notes 1 Copyright Apple Computer, Inc. 1990-1991. All rights reserved. • Support is provided for the MacApp debugger and code profilers (generating a preamble and postamble for functions). • A new pragma is provided for passing parameters to functions via registers. • A new pragma is provided to force the generation of MC68020 code. • A new pragma is provided to prevent the multiple inclusion of header files. • There is a new option for invoking the "32-bit everything'' run-time architecture. • A new pragma is provided to prevent dead code stripping by the linker. • An option is provided for machines having the MC68020 and up that allows stand-alone code segments greater than 32K. Object Pascal • Further object code optimizations, including an optional two-pass code generation phase which allocates unused scratch registers for local data. • An option to control optimization level. • An option for invoking the "32-bit everything'' run-time architecture. • A new syntax for declaring forward and external objects • Enhancements to the Object Pascal declaration handling to support MacApp. • Support for USES clauses in the implementation section of a unit. • Support for external C functions with arbitrary numbers of arguments,. • The ability to omit static links for nested procedures that don't need them. • Increase in the number of nested include files, the maximum number of nested compiletime conditionals, and in the number of long identifiers. ASM • New optimizations. • Longer identifiers to support C++ name mangling. • MC68040 s…

Part II Command Reference Part II Command Reference Part II is a conunand dictionary that describes each of the tools, scripts, and built-in conunands of the Macintosh Programmer's Workshop 3.0. When you have become sufficiently familiar with the material in Part I, you can move Part II to a smaller separate binder for convenient desktop reference. (You may also want to include frequently used appendixes or tables in the separate binder.) Please be sure to read the next section, "Conunand Prototype," which explains the format for all conunand deSCriptions and defines the basic behavior of all conunands .• Contents Conunand Prototype 6 AddMenu-add menu item 9 Adjust-adjust lines 13 Alert---display an alert box 14 Alias---define or write conunand aliases 15 Align-align text to left margin 17 Asm-MC68xxx Macro Assembler 18 Backup-folder file backup 25 Beep-generate tones 34 Begin ... End-group conunands 36 Break-break from For or Loop 38 BuildConunands-show Build commands 40 BuildMenu-create the Build menu 42 BuildProgram-build the specified program 43 C-C Compiler 45 Canon-canonical spelling tool 49 Catenate-concatenate files 52 CheckIn-check in files to a project 54 CheckOut-check out files from a project 57 CheckOutDir-set checkout directory 61 Choose-choose or list network volumes and printers 64 Clear-clear the selection 68 Close-close specified windows 69 1 Conunando-display dialog for a command 71 Compare-compare text files 73 CompareFiles-show file differences 79 CompareRevisions-compare revisions 81 Confirm-display confirmation dialog box 83 Continue-continue with next iteration of For or Loop 85 Copy-copy selection to Clipboard 87 Count-count lines and characters 89 CPlus-C++ compiling system 91 CreateMake-create a simple makefile 96 Cut-copy selection to Clipboard and delete it 99 Date-write the date and time 100 Delete-delete files and directories 102 DeleteMenu-delete user-defined menus and items 104 DeleteNames--delete symbolic names 105 DeleteRevisions--delete revisions and branches 107 DeRez-Resource decompiler 109 Directory-set or write the default directory 113 DirectoryMenu-create the Directory menu 115 Dolt-highlight and execute a series of conunands 117 DumpCode-write formatted resources 119 DumpFile-display contents of an arbitrary file 122 DumpObj-write formatted object file 125 Duplicate-duplicate files and directories 128 Echo-echo parameters 130 Eject-eject volumes 132 Entab-<:onvert runs of spaces to tabs 133 Equa1-compare files and directories 136 Erase-initialize volumes 139 Evaluate-evaluate an expression 140 Execute-execute a script in the current scope 145 Exists-<onfirm the existence of a file or directory 146 Exit-exit from a script 147 Export-make variables available to programs 148 FileDiv-divide a file into several smaller files 150 Files-list files and directories 152 Find-find and select a text pattern 155 Flush-<:lear the conunand cache 157 For...-repeat conunands once per parameter 158 2 MPW 3.0 Refer…

1 fone] cor cer a) . A | — [p08] INITIAL RELEASE = B [40 ]8096] ADDED NOTES S.647 lela THE ASSY REV LEVEL MUST CORRESPOND WITH THE BILL ia OF. pre REV LEVEL . MANUFACTURING Aya STAMP a (ed ee Ee SS ii PCB AFTER ASSEMBLY OR REWORK TSO’ D|—[8t76|_BOM CHANGE ONLY | ~ [igi Re) INDICATED, COLORED. WIRES ARE THE SAME AS THOSE SHOUN €|—|e203| Bom CHANGE ONLY. [hl /p~% lB ON CRT SOCKET ASSEMBLY (ITEM 95) F | —|b230] REPLACED RSS WITH |,2\GU DOT TO MATCH DOT ON “L2”. a CRIZ; R24 WAS 150 N/A] @ UL AND QS BACK SURFACE TO BE COATED WITH HEATSINK H [4c |ea5q DELETED NOTE 7 Pal ca COMPOUND BEFORE FASTENING TO HEAT SINK (ITEM 91). ue ADDED NOTE 8; ITEM 6 |i] a VALUE WAS 0.03yF <@_ LI To BE mouNTED UPRIGHT (PERPENDICULAR To PCB 12. VALUE CHANGE, SURFACE) WITH INDUCTOR PACKAGE EXTENDED OVER OELETED L3 (ITEM 23) LI SILKSCREEN AREA. Jac |evoo] DELETED CRe-8 EcRI2; Ba <Q Ri, R24 4 R39 MUST BE MOUNTED 0.100" MIN ABOVE za] | LOSE Fae Be AND | = PCB SURFACE. TDAIITON WAS TDAIITO. A <4 = 8. NO COMPONENT 10 BE STUFFED, AT LOCATIONS: L3,CR6 THRU CRB, C2\,C22, R38, RU2 ¢ RY: J RED. c <Qjowe <QJencen le 8 eee Se ee \ co SEE DETAIL Soa aco SSS GREEN REFERENCE DOCUMENTATION? SCHEMATIC_050 - 4OI2 BILL OF MATERIAL 620 - O12! IL BROWN. [r= an PART NUMBER, DETAIL AN qeoeaeeiee [Rate 4 qlyappia computar me:| A Fixe Ge CRT_SOCKET_ASSY 7 onax Vb ir SENET PCB, etpacce ahsjee VIDEO_ BOARD on SA fhe Sie "DRAWING NUMBER COTY D| 620-Ol2i-J rex assy [rn N/A eae Fun [sr 1 ory 4

A/UX Programming Languages and Tools Volume 2 Release 3.0 LIMITED WARRAN1Y ON MEDIA AND REl'IACEMENT If you discover physical defects in the manuals distributed with an Apple product or in the media on which a software product is distributed, Apple will replace the media or manuals at no charge to you, provided you return the item to be replaced with proof of purchase to Apple or an authorized Apple dealer during the 90day period after you purchased the software. In addition, Apple will replace damaged software media and manuals for as long as the software product is included in Apple's Media Exchange Program. While not an upgrade or update method, this program offers additional protection for up to two years or more from the date of your original purchase. See your authorized Apple dealer for program coverage and details. In some countries the replacement period may be different; check with your authorized Apple dealer. All IMPLIED WARRANTIES ON THE MEDIA AND MANUAIS, INCLUDING IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABIUTY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE LIMITED IN DURATION TO NINETY (90) DAYS FROM THE DATE OF THE ORIGINAL RETAIL PURCHASE OF THIS PRODUCT. Even though Apple has tested the software and reviewed the documentation, APPLE MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EI111ER EXPRESS, OR IMPLIED, WI11I RESPECT TO SOFTWARE, ITS QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABIUTY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AS A RESULT, THIS SOFTWARE IS SOLD "AS IS," AND YOU, THE PURCHASER, ARE ASSUMING THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO ITS QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE. IN NO EVENT WILL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT IN IBE SOFTWARE OR ITS DOCUMENTATION, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. In particular, Apple shall have no liability for any programs or data stored in or used with Apple products, including the costs of recovering such programs or data. THEWARRANTY AND REMEDIES SET FORIB ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF All OIBERS, ORAL OR WRITTEN, EXPRESS, OR IMPLIED. No Apple dealer, agent, or employee is authorized to make any modification, extension, or addition to this warranty. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state. 9 Apple Computer, Inc. © 1992, Apple Computer, Inc. and UniSoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Portions of this document have been previously copyrighted by AT&T Information Systems and the Regents of the University of California, and are reproduced with pennission. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or part, without the written consent of Apple or UniSoft. The same proprietary and copyright notices must be affixed to any permitted copies as were affixed to the original. …

(' ti. Macintosh' -----------Macintosh Programmer's Worksht>l' 3.0 Assembler Reference • ·~y_,.r· APPLE COMPUTER, INC. nm manual and the software described in it are copyrighted, with all rigbls reserved. Un:ier the copyright laws, this manual or the software may not be copied, in whole or part, wir.hout wrillen coosem of Apple, except in the nonnal use of the softw2.re ex to ma.lee a backup copy of the software. 1be same proprietary and copyright notices must be affixed to any permiaed copies as were aft"ixed to the original. This exception does not allow copies to be made for ochers, whether or nOl sold, but all of the material purchased (with all backup copies) may be sold, given. or loaned to another person. Under the law, copying includes tramlating into another language or format. You may use the software on any computer owned by you, but extra copies cannot be made for this purpose. C 1985-88 Apple Computer, Inc. 20525 Mariani Ave. Cupertino, California 95014 (408) 996-1010 Pa.sal Compiler C 1982-88 Apple Computer, Inc. c 1981 svs, Inc. Apple, the Apple logo, AppleShare, AppleTalk, AIUX, lmageWriter, I.ascrWriter, Lisa, MacApp, Macintosh, and SANE, are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. MPW, Qui:kDraw, ResEdi, APDA, and SADE ate trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. MacDraw, MacPaint, and MacWrile are iePtered trademarks of Caris Corporation. Microsoft Word is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. rrc Garairond and rrc Zapf Dingbats are reg~tered trademarks of International Typeface Corporation. POSTSCRIPT is a registered trademark of the Adobe Syst~ Incorporated. Adobe mustrator 88 is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated ImageStudio is a trademark of Esselte Pendaflex Corporation in the United States, of LetraSet Canada Limited in Canada, and of Esselte LetraSet Lim.i!ed elsewhere. Motorola is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. MathType is a trademark of Design Science, Inc. QMS is a registered trademark of QMS, Inc. UNIX is a trademark of AT&T Bell laboratories. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. MPW sample programs Apple Computer, Inc. granLS users of the Macintosh Programmer's Workshop a royalty-free license to incorporate Macintosh Programmer's Worltslwp sample programs into their own programs, or to modify the sample programs for use in their own progl'2rm, provided such use is exclusively on Apple computers. For any modified MadnttJSh Programmer's Workshop sample program, you may add your own copyright nOlice alongside the Apple copyright nOlicc. ( Contents Figures and tables xiii (. Preface About ThJs Manual xv What this manual contains xvii Other reference materials xviii Notation conventions xix Aids to understanding xix Courier typeface xx Italic xx Fields xxi Delimiter symbols xxi Braces xxii Brackets xxil Ellipses xxiii Underlining xxili For more information xxiv -.' .. Part I Using the Assembler 1 1 About the Assembler 3 General characteristics 5 Overview of the assembly proce…

R&D University • Introduction to PowerPC Instruction Set sity Introduction to PowerPC- Instruction Set: Rev 2, 2/93 ~~ 5 'f-Y"Ct_ c'+C) ,~.:z:::~.-o '"\-<."> P (; «.J'-€Jl Pc ~ 1!:::1I-..~1I'S PowerPC ( PowerPC Architecture Overview ~..J Book I - User Instruction Set Branch Unit Fixed Point Unit Floating Point Unit Book 11- Virtual Environment Book III - Operating Environment The First PowerPC Chips (Book IV) 1P'o~ 1!:::11-.. ~II'S PowerPC PowerPC Architecture Overview Book I - User Instruction Set Branch Unit Fixed Point Unit Floating Point Unit Book II - Virtual Environment Book 111- Operating Environment The First PowerPC Chips (Book IV) ~ 1!:::11-..~ RISC History and Lineages IBM 801 Branch Processor -> RT -> POWER -> PowerPC Berkeley RISC Register Windows -> 29K, SPARC Stanford MIPS -> MIPS, 88K, Alpha, ARM ~~.~u. • We'll look at several of these characteristics with real RiSe examples. Rise Fundamentals PipeLined Programming Model Compiler hae Substantial Effect on Performance Simple, Fixed Instruction Formats 10Cycie Decode, Large Number of Registers Simple Semantics 10Cycie Execution Stage Provide ·Prlmitlves- to Complier Only Loads & Stores Reference Memory LoadlStore Architecture Minimize Use of Critical Resources •. g., Condition Cod.s Caches Ron H......... 2iMI3 ~~.~ Instruction Execution Model ( ~-- F 1. Fetch Next Instruction 0 2. Decode Instruction, ~calculate Addresses, etch Operands, etc.) X 3. Perform Operation W 4. Write Back Results 5. Goto Step 1. Ron H.....-uno 21M3 ~1ClIme·~NI Ideal Instruction Sequence Instructions Require only 1 Clock per Stage 1. Fetch Next Instruction F 2. Decode Instruction, Calculate Addresses, Fetch Operands 0 3. Perform Operation X 4. Writ.Back Results W 11 12 11 11 5. Goto Step 1. Clocks ( "an H.......... IItIt3 • Cycle Time of ,each Stage is the same. PlpeLinlng Increase Throughput by Keeping Resources Busy ( Implement Each Instruction Stage by a Separate Unit - Pipe Stage. Each Pipe Stage Operates on a DIHerent Instruction In a Cycle Don't Wait for An Instruction to Complete before Starting the Next Does Not Reduce Latencyl! ~WMI'IPC~-~11liI PlpeLined Instruction Sequence Instructions Require only 1 Clock per Stage ( 1. Fetch Next Instruction F 2. Decode Instruction, Calculate Addresses, Fetch Operands 0 3. Perform Operation X 4. WriteBack Results W 11 12 13 14 15 11 12 13 14 11 12 13 11 12 5. Goto Step 1. CI_ ~ Ron H...,..... 2ItIU ~~-~ Instruction Formats ( tid b ¥ !-form OP 8-form OP Bol BI D-form OP RxlRA X-form OP RT IRA RB I XOP XO-form OP RTIRA RB fl XOP A-form OP RS IRA RB I RC IXOp~ filaddfl,f2,B,fl M-form OP RS IRA RBI MB I ME ~ Ron H......... 2ItII1 Dise24 Dise14 ~D 1Nl\)tZ addl 1'5,1'4,123 I. 1'5,211(1'4) Imm16 n and r),r4,~ and. rS,r4,~ I .. r),r4,~ fl add rS,r4,~ addeo. r'.r4.rS rl_ rS,r4,~,2II,31 ~ ~1C1JSJM-~ Branches - The Problem Branches Leave "Bu…

This flavor lS on-screen~ ines witn disassembler for 512K. i:Jdded on68000 " .= ont·1Gc Trtie .: onl i S!J. Trt4e = or-:=..lae:e: True ; equcJ tes f cir a./ACC and abo2...=e t l .EQU ~EQU = \Jes .: or5 G f"'1c~c i n tosh ;1or on G L i sc1 (Mcie )::L ) un:jer HcicJ~or+:.s 0 E"·lr:T ;!r-;i ~S Ci ~EQU noTer. m ~EQU c~Port .EQU suJ::ip8creen ~.rJ i thD is .EQU .EQU .EQU .EQU dLines 0 .set .set i f screen si;Jc:;p if :Jjsa.ssemb~er :;;::: t to zero ~ f riO heGp pr- i rr. t i r1:J o T j i nes to d i sp i Gi:J number of ! ines to !L (default) nt~mber· 40 . t:.L!U DDBG 68000 .EQU .EQU ~.!!-~-:!"" ~ 1=J i ...J - !.. ~ ~ - - : .,._ - tJ=::L::_41::i::i j r !i::£ l. !.... - u ii:! -! - !... ... - -- - ·1..JCL!i.,.-i!::i~::i==r" shouJ trGip nc:unes .PF;OC .NOLI ST \NCLUDE iNCLUDE iNCLUDE ~:Jit~:.dtu;i-m=AC ~l t i ctsm-S\·:SEQU ~ TE~:(T !NCLUDE ~:J.1.tkdb·;1-m;:~1a:: :l t i i:;sm-He(JpDe f s ~NCLUDE ~:J.;_ikdb9-mGc: / t_ ~ Gsm-sa:JsmGcs . TE)::T ~:. uJkdb9-rrP~C.:/t ~ c4sm-Gr:::;fEQU ~TEXT ~:J.ukdb!;1-mcie: / t i :::&sm-Too l EQU _TE)::T F TEXT .ENDC ~NCLUDE ~NCLUDE ~NCLUDE ~NCLUDE tiasm-GrafEQU.TEXT t l ::ism-Too ~ EQU . TEXT tlasm-HeapOefs.TEXT tlasm-sysmacs.TEXT r:r.Jr1t-· • ~il !t-:.:_. iF ~MCLUDE ~NCLUDE ~NCLUDE iMCLUDE ~NC:LUDE tiasm-GrafEQU.TEXT t ~ ctsm-T oo ~ EQU _TE)CT t I asm-HeapDefs. TE::<T tlasm-sysmacs.TEXT .ENDC ~LIST ~NCLUDE db9-rom4EQU . TE)::T equ::~tes/;9 I obG ~ jhCLUDE dtu;t- ~ ri 1 t TEXT [n:4S i c: ~NCLUOE dbg-cmds:.TEXT » INCLUDE db9- i o . TE:X:T ~NCLUDE :...Jf-H::! ..-i!-..-:-.-: +~-...-::-.. ;._; ",.i :--ft--* • -rr:··{T i :....., ....·.. ~ INCLUDE db9-heGp.TEXT INCLUDE db:J-dm . te}=~ t dt::~-pr i r! t . TE::(T iNCLUDE debt.f1;t9er ~2 more c:omm1:1nds defs in i t rs232/disp!ay stuff GtrGp stuff heG!p stuff memori:! d i sp i Gi:J c:ode printing utilities symbols code/table ~NCLUDE .ENDC ll:" ll ~NCLUDE .ENDC iMCLUDE .EMDC UJ i thD is db1;-D . TEXT