 Mac OS 8 (D11E4) Release Notes These release notes describe some of the changes that have occurred since the previous developer release of Mac OS 8. There may be functionality and changes not described here. This document is provided to you as an aid in determining the functionality of this release and which bugs are already known by Apple. The seven-digit numbers (e.g. 1246744) are used internally for bug tracking. • Appearance Manager (Themes) Bugs Fixed: SetTheme now restores port on exit (1246744) Pen PixPat no longer uses same pat as back PixPat (1331809) Control directionality now masked for scrollbars (1339213) Popup controls now draw correctly when in Right-to-left orientation (1335344) Control Invisibility no longer asserts, just exits draw function (1338987, 1337889) Window variant codes now work for dialogs and floating windows (1263898, 1341133, 1331822) Known Bugs/Problems In This Release: A state may occur with some applications where the port pen or background pixpat ends up nil. This may cause a later crash is some cases. Window titles of some windows get clipped off when redrawn on update or uncollapse. Control focus is being redone and should finally work correctly. • Apple Technology (International) Kotoeri Bugs fixed since d11e1: 1340125 Kotoeri does not do kana-kanji conversion 1346425 Kotoeri Keyboard icon is wrong 1349013 Annoying DebugStr in KotoeriIMInitRoutine 1346218 Kotoeri palette disappears when zoomed, frame remains 1346221 Bad redraw when scrolling through character palette. Known bugs / unimplemented features: • Daruma returns kanji characters grouped into morphemes; Kotoeri should combine these morphemes into courser-grained groups based on part-of-speech, but currently does not do so. • Kotoeri should call Daruma multiple times to get a more comprehensive list of canidates, but currently only calls Daruma once (so you may not see the Kanji you're looking for). • Not all of the two-byte Roman punctuation and other special characters are correctly transliterated (the table is incomplete). • The following menu items have not been implemented: Kotoeri help \ Open Dictionary > the corresponding buttons on the command palette are also non-functional Kotoeri preferences / Retrieve fixed Yomi Transliterate ... Japanese Locale Bugs fixed In This Build: 1355895 D11E4c5: "Japanese" locale file requires 'lobj' resources for 'itlc' and 1355900 D11E4c5: an assert when boot in Japanese primary 1335203 Added Mac OS 8 collate table to the end of 'itl2' table 1344067 Correct wrong region ID What’s New In This Build: Add 'spfn' locale objects. Japanese Fonts No change since d11e2 Language Analysis No change since d11e2 Daruma Engine What’s New In This Build: Once changed grammar file structure (1338777), but backed to old structure since 1338777 isn't approved yet. Fixed a bug that the analysis cannot be done when the same string is specified as the last anaysis call (1344522) Update some part of speech code of grammar…

ð Copland Technical Overview ð Draft Developer Press  Apple Computer, Inc. 1995 This document was created with FrameMaker 4.0.4 ð Apple Computer, Inc.  1995 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Apple Computer, Inc. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws. No licenses, express or implied, are granted with respect to any of the technology described in this book. Apple retains all intellectual property rights associated with the technology described in this book. This book is intended to assist application developers to develop applications only for Apple Macintosh computers. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not responsible for typographical errors. Apple Computer, Inc. 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014 408-996-1010 Adobe Photoshop is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated, which may be registered in certain jurisdictions. Palatino is a registered trademark of Linotype Company. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. MacPaint and MacWrite are registered trademarks, and Clarisworks is a trademark, of Claris Corporation. NuBus is a trademark of Texas Instruments. PowerPC is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation, used under license therefrom. UNIX is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively through X/Open Company, Ltd. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. Even though Apple has reviewed this manual, APPLE MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THIS MANUAL, ITS QUALITY, ACCURACY, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AS A RESULT, THIS MANUAL IS SOLD “AS IS,” AND YOU, THE PURCHASER, ARE ASSUMING THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO ITS QUALITY AND ACCURACY. IN NO EVENT WILL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT OR INACCURACY IN THIS MANUAL, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. THE WARRANTY AND REMEDIES SET FORTH ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHERS, ORAL OR WRITTEN, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. No Apple dealer, agent, or employee is authorized to make any modification, extension, or addition to this warranty. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other…

NUX Command Reference Section l(G-P) Release 3.0 LIMITED WARRAN1Y ON MEDIA AND REPIACEMENT If you discover physical defects in the manuals distributed with an Apple product or in the media on which a software product is distributed, Apple will replace the media or manuals at no charge to you, provided you return the item to be replaced with proof of purchase to Apple or an authorized Apple dealer during the 90-day period after you purchased the software. In addition, Apple will replace damaged software media and manuals for as long as the software product is included in Apple's Media Exchange Program. While not an upgrade or update method, this program offers additional protection for up to two years or more from the date of your original purchase. See your authorized Apple dealer for program coverage and details. In some countries the replacement period may be different; check with your authorized Apple dealer. All IMPLIED WARRANTIES ON TIIE MEDIA AND MANUMS, INCLUDING IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABIIJ1Y AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE UMITED IN DURATION TO NINE1Y (90) DAYS FROM TIIE DATE OF TIIE ORIGINAL RETAIL PURCHASE OF THIS PRODUCT. Even though Apple has tested the software and reviewed the documentation, APPLE MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EITIIER EXPRESS, OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO SOFIWARE, ITS QUAIITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABII11Y, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AS A RESULT, THIS SOFIWARE IS SOLD "AS IS," AND YOU, TIIE PURCHASER, ARE ASSUMING TIIE ENTIRE RISK AS TO ITS QUAIITY AND PERFORMANCE. IN NO EVENT WILL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT IN TIIE SOFIWARE OR ITS DOCUMENTATION, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. In particular, Apple shall have no liability for any programs or data stored in or used with Apple products, including the costs of recovering such programs or data. TIIE WARRANTY AND REMEDIES SET FORTH ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF All OTHERS, ORAL OR WRITTEN, EXPRESS, OR IMPLIED. No Apple dealer, agent, or employee is authorized to make any modification, extension, or addition to this warranty. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state. S Apple Computer, Inc. © 1992, Apple Computer, Inc., and UniSoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Portions of this document have been previously copyrighted by AT&T Information Systems and the Regents of the University of California, and are reproduced with permission. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or part, without the written consent of Apple or UniSoft. The same proprietary and copyright notices must be affixed to any permitted copies as were affixed to the original. U…

W1lcom1 to the Macintosh Development Environm1nt These first few pages are important to the first time developer as well as s1asoned Hae d1v1lopers. This is your guide to what material you have received, what is current, and how to make use of it. For existing developers: Use this guide as a checklist to make sure that you have all of the current documentation and software. Changes to the old documentation are noted by 1 ines on the right side of the page. This guide assumes that the user is operating under Monitor 12.2 or equivalent, and has th• follCMing named volumes dedicated to system use: LISA:, TLASM:, INTRFC:, OBJ:, MISC:, and MAC:. Workshop users must translate and r1compile interfaces and examples on their own. If you do not have all of the following documentation, or receivtd damaged media, please call Carol Ballard at 408 I 973 - 4067 to obtain a r1placemtnt. The new or recently modified documentation and software are marked with as hr i sks. The date listed for the software indicates the actual date of last change and does not necessarily coincid1 with the file date seen in a directory listing. Packing List You should have received the following items from Mac Technical Support: A Mac box containing: 1 Hae: 1 keyboard and cablt 1 Hous1 1 powtr cord 1 progranner's switch <a piect of tan plastic labeled RESET I INTERRUPT> 2 Mac printer cables 2 Mac 3 112• disk masters (put one asidt to initialize blank disks and to create additional work disks.> 5 blank 3-112• disks disk 1abe1 s 3 Lisa 5 114• disks To install the programmer's switch, snap it onto the left sid1 of the Mac (screen facing you) at the bottom corner, toward the rear. This will position th• plastic fingers over the internal RESET and INTERRUPT microswitches. *** The programmer's switch may already be in place. *** About the Macintosh Binders The Macintosh documentation is contained in three volumes. 12112183 Read He First 1 Volum• 1 contains: R•ad H• First <this not1> Insid9 Macintosh: A Road Hap Indtx to Ttchnical OocU111ntation Macintosh Us•r Inttrface Guidelines The Resourc1 Hanag1r: A Progranner's Guidt QuickDr..,.: A Programmer's Guide Th• Font Hanag1r1 A Progrann1r's Guidi Th• Event Manager: A Progrann1r's Guidt Th• WindCM Hanag1r1 A Programmtr's Guid• Macintosh Control Manager Prograrm11r's Guide 12/12/83 • 8/8/83 10/5/83 10/11/82 10/3/83 3/2/83 4/22/83 6/21/83 8/25/83 3/16/83 Volumt 2 contains: Tht H1nu Manag1r: A Progrann1r's Guidi The Dialog Managers A Progranmer's Guide TtxtEdit: A Programmtr's Guide Cor1Edit1 A .Programmer's Guide Thi 01sk Hanag1r: A Programm1r's Guidi The Toolbox Utiliti1s: A Programm1r'.s Guidi Macintosh Op•rating System R1f1renc1 Manual The Segment Loader: A Programmtr's Guide Th• Scrap Manag1r: A Progranntr's Guidi Th• Htmory Hanag1r: A Programmer's Guide Putting Tog1th1r A Macintosh Appl icat,on Asynchronous Serial Driver The OS Evint Hanag1r Macintosh owner's Guidi 11/1/83 11/16/83 9/28/83 8/15/83 9/26/83 5/16/83 2/28/83 6/24/83 10/2…

Guide to Vintage Macintosh Software Reference and Checklist 1984 - 1987 Guide to Vintage Macintosh Software Quick Reference Guide and Checklist 1984-1987 Iv Part Number Macintosh Softwa re Version Macintosh 400k 690- 5001 - A Finder Notes used for master disk backup Blank Disk n/a Dec 7 1983 400k 0.85 1.0 released in Ja n 1984 n/a May 2 1984 400k 1.1 l. lh updated the f inder wit h a bug fix in May 1984 n/a May 2 1984 400k 1.1 l.lh released in Sept 1984 System Disk 1.0 Jan 24 1984 400k 1.0 1.0 initial release of system file 1.0 and fi nder 1.0 System Disk 1. 1 May 2 19~~ ! 400k 1.1 l. lg Guided Tour of Macintosh Guided To ur of Macintosh 690-5 003- A System Fil e 400k Macintosh 690- 5002- C Format Blank Disks Guided Tour of 690- 5002- B Date* n/a Box of Ten Disks 690- 5002- A Creation and data fi les .... ! 690- 5003- B 690- 5003-C 690-5003- D 690- 5003- E 690- 5006- A 690- 5006- B System Disk System Disk System Disk 1. 1 1.1 May 2 1984 May 2 1984 400k 1.1 400k 1.1 l.lg April 8 1985 400k 2.0 4.1 MacWrite MacPaint 1.0 0.95 Dec 7 1983 1 Dec 7 1983 400k 1.0 1.0 Guided Tour of i MacWrite MacPaint 2.2 1. 3 1.1 l.lg May 2 1984 I May 2 1984 400k '; ; 1.1 and fi nder l. lg second release of system file l.lg 2.0 Guided Tour of initial release of system fi le 1.1 and fi nder l. lg ithi rd release of system f ile 1.1 and fi nder l. lg ini t ial release of system file 2. O and fi nder 4.1 re leased in Ja n 1984 iI updated in May 1984 Guide to Vintage Macintosh Software Qu ick Reference Guide and Checklist 1984-1987 Creation Iv' Part Number ! Macintosh Software Version Date* Format Notes 690-5006-C Guided Tour of MacWrite MacPaint 2.2 1.4 May 2 1984 Aug 22 1984 400k 1.1 n/a f inder appl ication with script file 690-5009- A MacWrite MacPaint 1.0 1.0 Jan 24 1984 Jan 24 1984 400k 1.0 1.0 in itia l release of Macwtite 1.0 and MacPaint 1.0 690-5009-B MacWrite MacPai nt 2.2 1.3 May 2 1984 400k 1.1 l.lg updated MacWrite to 2.2 and MacPaint to 1. 3 690-5010- A Macintosh Pas ca I 1.0 July 26 1984 1.1 I.lg initial release of Pasca l 1.0 690-5010-B Macintosh Pas ca I Program Disk 2.0 f April 15 1986 400k 3.1 5 .2 2. 1 !i1 25 1986 400k 3.1 5 .2 May 2 1984 400k 1.1 l.lg 690-5010-C 690-5011-B 690-5011 - C Macintosh Pas ca I Program Disk MacPaint MacPaint 1.3 1.4 May 2 1984 Aug 22 1984 400k 1.1 l.lg updated Pascal to v. 2.0 updated Pascal to v. 2.1 first re lease not to include MacWrite updated MacPa int to v. 1.4 updated MacPaint 690-5011 - D MacPaint 1.5 Apri l 5 1985 400k 690-5011-E MacPaint 1.5 Apri l 5 1985 400k 3.0. l 5.1 re leased with system fi le 3.0.1 and finder 5.1 690- 5012-A 68000 System Development 1 Rev. A Feb 18 1985 400k 1.1 l.lg developer's tools for programing 4.1 to v. 1.5 Guide to Vintage Macintosh Software Quick Reference Guide and Checklist 1984-1987 Iv' Part…

.® I Macintosh~ Macintosh Programmer's Workshop 2.0 Reference " APPLE COMPUTER, INC. This manual and the software described in it are copyrighted, with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual or the software may not be copied, in whole or part, without written consent of Apple, except in the normal use of the software or to make a backup copy of the software. The same proprietary and copyright notices must be afflxed to any permitted copies as were affIxed to the original. This exception does not allow copies to be made for others, whether or not sold, but all of the material purchased (with all backup copies) may be sold, given, or loaned to another person. Under the law, copying indudes translating into another language or format. You may use the software on any computer owned by you, but extra copies cannot be made for this purpose. © 1985, 1986, 1987 Apple Computer, Inc. 20525 Mariani Ave. Cupertino, California 95014 (408) 996-1010 Pascal Compiler © 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987 Apple Computer, Inc. © 1981 SVS, Inc. C Compiler © 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987 Green Hills Software, Inc. Apple, the Apple logo, AppleTalk, ImageWriter, LaserWriter, Lisa, MacDraw, Macintosh, MacPaint, and MacWrite are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. AppleShare, MacApp, SANE, and Switcher are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Motorola is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. UNIX is a trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. MPW sample programs Apple Computer, Inc. grants users of the Macintosh Programmer's Workshop a royalty-free license to incorporate Macintosh Programmer's Workshop sample programs into their own programs, or to modify the sample programs for use in their own programs, provided such use is exdusively on Apple computers. For any modified Macintosh Programmer's Workshop sample program, you may add your own copyright notice alongside the Apple copyright notice. Contents Figures and tables xvii Preface xxi Power tools for Macintosh programmers xxi What's new in MPW 2.0 xxii New menus xxiii New Shell commands xxiii New tools xxiv Other new features xxvi What you'll need xvii Hardware and system requirements xvii System Folder requirements xxvii Documentation xxviii About this manual xxviii Syntax notation xxix Port I Chapter 1 Shell Reference 1-1 System Overview 1-1 The MPW Shell 1-2 Window commands 1-2 File management commands 1-3 Editing commands 1-3 Structured commands 1-4 Other built-in commands 1-4 MP\'V" command scripts 1-5 MP\'V" tools 1-5 Assembler 1-6 Pascal too Is 1-6 C Compiler 1-7 Linker 1-7 Make 1-7 Resource Compiler and Decompiler 1-8 Commando 1-8 Conversion tools 1-8 Performance measurement tools 1-8 Applications 1-9 RcsEdit 1-9 iii Debugger 1-9 Special command scripts 1-9 Examples 1-10 Sample program files 1-10 Command-language examples 1-10 Overview of MPW files and directories 1-11 Chapter 2 Getting started 2·1 Installing the system 2-2…

030-3621-A MPW3.2 Release Notes Erratum Due to an oversight, an erroneous comment symbol was used in lines 20 through 24 of the source file: {MPW}PExamples:TESampleGlue.a The character"#" was incorrectly written where the character";" should have been written. MPW3.2 Release Notes i Copyright Apple Computer, Inc. 1990-1991. All rights reserved. MPW3.2 Release Notes This release note summarizes the differences between MPW 3.2 and MPW 3.0, the last version for which a reference manual exists. Details beyond those given in this note are to be found in separate release notes entitled MPW 3.2 Shell, MPW 3.2 Object Pascal, MPW 3.2 C, MPW 3.2 Assembler, MPW 3.2 Libraries & Interfaces, MPW 3.2 "411" Help, MPW 3.2 Run-Time Architecture, MPW 3.2 SIOW, and MPW 3.2 Tools & Scripts. Three of the above: "411" Help, Run-Time Architecture, and SIOW describe completely new features. Principal Changes Shell • Projector has a number of enhancements. • The Editor provides split windows. • A marker browser has been provided. • There are additional commands for the faccess function. • The save command, when scripted, saves the resource fork of a file if any resource has changed. • MPW can now be run under A/UX. • New System 7 .0 error codes have been added to the file SysErrs.err. c • A variety of new object code optimizations have been implemented. • There are new compiler options to control optimization level. MPW3.2 Release Notes 1 Copyright Apple Computer, Inc. 1990-1991. All rights reserved. • Support is provided for the MacApp debugger and code profilers (generating a preamble and postamble for functions). • A new pragma is provided for passing parameters to functions via registers. • A new pragma is provided to force the generation of MC68020 code. • A new pragma is provided to prevent the multiple inclusion of header files. • There is a new option for invoking the "32-bit everything'' run-time architecture. • A new pragma is provided to prevent dead code stripping by the linker. • An option is provided for machines having the MC68020 and up that allows stand-alone code segments greater than 32K. Object Pascal • Further object code optimizations, including an optional two-pass code generation phase which allocates unused scratch registers for local data. • An option to control optimization level. • An option for invoking the "32-bit everything'' run-time architecture. • A new syntax for declaring forward and external objects • Enhancements to the Object Pascal declaration handling to support MacApp. • Support for USES clauses in the implementation section of a unit. • Support for external C functions with arbitrary numbers of arguments,. • The ability to omit static links for nested procedures that don't need them. • Increase in the number of nested include files, the maximum number of nested compiletime conditionals, and in the number of long identifiers. ASM • New optimizations. • Longer identifiers to support C++ name mangling. • MC68040 s…

Part II Command Reference Part II Command Reference Part II is a conunand dictionary that describes each of the tools, scripts, and built-in conunands of the Macintosh Programmer's Workshop 3.0. When you have become sufficiently familiar with the material in Part I, you can move Part II to a smaller separate binder for convenient desktop reference. (You may also want to include frequently used appendixes or tables in the separate binder.) Please be sure to read the next section, "Conunand Prototype," which explains the format for all conunand deSCriptions and defines the basic behavior of all conunands .• Contents Conunand Prototype 6 AddMenu-add menu item 9 Adjust-adjust lines 13 Alert---display an alert box 14 Alias---define or write conunand aliases 15 Align-align text to left margin 17 Asm-MC68xxx Macro Assembler 18 Backup-folder file backup 25 Beep-generate tones 34 Begin ... End-group conunands 36 Break-break from For or Loop 38 BuildConunands-show Build commands 40 BuildMenu-create the Build menu 42 BuildProgram-build the specified program 43 C-C Compiler 45 Canon-canonical spelling tool 49 Catenate-concatenate files 52 CheckIn-check in files to a project 54 CheckOut-check out files from a project 57 CheckOutDir-set checkout directory 61 Choose-choose or list network volumes and printers 64 Clear-clear the selection 68 Close-close specified windows 69 1 Conunando-display dialog for a command 71 Compare-compare text files 73 CompareFiles-show file differences 79 CompareRevisions-compare revisions 81 Confirm-display confirmation dialog box 83 Continue-continue with next iteration of For or Loop 85 Copy-copy selection to Clipboard 87 Count-count lines and characters 89 CPlus-C++ compiling system 91 CreateMake-create a simple makefile 96 Cut-copy selection to Clipboard and delete it 99 Date-write the date and time 100 Delete-delete files and directories 102 DeleteMenu-delete user-defined menus and items 104 DeleteNames--delete symbolic names 105 DeleteRevisions--delete revisions and branches 107 DeRez-Resource decompiler 109 Directory-set or write the default directory 113 DirectoryMenu-create the Directory menu 115 Dolt-highlight and execute a series of conunands 117 DumpCode-write formatted resources 119 DumpFile-display contents of an arbitrary file 122 DumpObj-write formatted object file 125 Duplicate-duplicate files and directories 128 Echo-echo parameters 130 Eject-eject volumes 132 Entab-<:onvert runs of spaces to tabs 133 Equa1-compare files and directories 136 Erase-initialize volumes 139 Evaluate-evaluate an expression 140 Execute-execute a script in the current scope 145 Exists-<onfirm the existence of a file or directory 146 Exit-exit from a script 147 Export-make variables available to programs 148 FileDiv-divide a file into several smaller files 150 Files-list files and directories 152 Find-find and select a text pattern 155 Flush-<:lear the conunand cache 157 For...-repeat conunands once per parameter 158 2 MPW 3.0 Refer…

A/UX Programming Languages and Tools Volume 2 Release 3.0 LIMITED WARRAN1Y ON MEDIA AND REl'IACEMENT If you discover physical defects in the manuals distributed with an Apple product or in the media on which a software product is distributed, Apple will replace the media or manuals at no charge to you, provided you return the item to be replaced with proof of purchase to Apple or an authorized Apple dealer during the 90day period after you purchased the software. In addition, Apple will replace damaged software media and manuals for as long as the software product is included in Apple's Media Exchange Program. While not an upgrade or update method, this program offers additional protection for up to two years or more from the date of your original purchase. See your authorized Apple dealer for program coverage and details. In some countries the replacement period may be different; check with your authorized Apple dealer. All IMPLIED WARRANTIES ON THE MEDIA AND MANUAIS, INCLUDING IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABIUTY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE LIMITED IN DURATION TO NINETY (90) DAYS FROM THE DATE OF THE ORIGINAL RETAIL PURCHASE OF THIS PRODUCT. Even though Apple has tested the software and reviewed the documentation, APPLE MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EI111ER EXPRESS, OR IMPLIED, WI11I RESPECT TO SOFTWARE, ITS QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABIUTY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AS A RESULT, THIS SOFTWARE IS SOLD "AS IS," AND YOU, THE PURCHASER, ARE ASSUMING THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO ITS QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE. IN NO EVENT WILL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT IN IBE SOFTWARE OR ITS DOCUMENTATION, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. In particular, Apple shall have no liability for any programs or data stored in or used with Apple products, including the costs of recovering such programs or data. THEWARRANTY AND REMEDIES SET FORIB ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF All OIBERS, ORAL OR WRITTEN, EXPRESS, OR IMPLIED. No Apple dealer, agent, or employee is authorized to make any modification, extension, or addition to this warranty. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state. 9 Apple Computer, Inc. © 1992, Apple Computer, Inc. and UniSoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Portions of this document have been previously copyrighted by AT&T Information Systems and the Regents of the University of California, and are reproduced with pennission. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or part, without the written consent of Apple or UniSoft. The same proprietary and copyright notices must be affixed to any permitted copies as were affixed to the original. …

(' ti. Macintosh' -----------Macintosh Programmer's Worksht>l' 3.0 Assembler Reference • ·~y_,.r· APPLE COMPUTER, INC. nm manual and the software described in it are copyrighted, with all rigbls reserved. Un:ier the copyright laws, this manual or the software may not be copied, in whole or part, wir.hout wrillen coosem of Apple, except in the nonnal use of the softw2.re ex to ma.lee a backup copy of the software. 1be same proprietary and copyright notices must be affixed to any permiaed copies as were aft"ixed to the original. This exception does not allow copies to be made for ochers, whether or nOl sold, but all of the material purchased (with all backup copies) may be sold, given. or loaned to another person. Under the law, copying includes tramlating into another language or format. You may use the software on any computer owned by you, but extra copies cannot be made for this purpose. C 1985-88 Apple Computer, Inc. 20525 Mariani Ave. Cupertino, California 95014 (408) 996-1010 Pa.sal Compiler C 1982-88 Apple Computer, Inc. c 1981 svs, Inc. Apple, the Apple logo, AppleShare, AppleTalk, AIUX, lmageWriter, I.ascrWriter, Lisa, MacApp, Macintosh, and SANE, are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. MPW, Qui:kDraw, ResEdi, APDA, and SADE ate trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. MacDraw, MacPaint, and MacWrile are iePtered trademarks of Caris Corporation. Microsoft Word is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. rrc Garairond and rrc Zapf Dingbats are reg~tered trademarks of International Typeface Corporation. POSTSCRIPT is a registered trademark of the Adobe Syst~ Incorporated. Adobe mustrator 88 is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated ImageStudio is a trademark of Esselte Pendaflex Corporation in the United States, of LetraSet Canada Limited in Canada, and of Esselte LetraSet Lim.i!ed elsewhere. Motorola is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. MathType is a trademark of Design Science, Inc. QMS is a registered trademark of QMS, Inc. UNIX is a trademark of AT&T Bell laboratories. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. MPW sample programs Apple Computer, Inc. granLS users of the Macintosh Programmer's Workshop a royalty-free license to incorporate Macintosh Programmer's Worltslwp sample programs into their own programs, or to modify the sample programs for use in their own progl'2rm, provided such use is exclusively on Apple computers. For any modified MadnttJSh Programmer's Workshop sample program, you may add your own copyright nOlice alongside the Apple copyright nOlicc. ( Contents Figures and tables xiii (. Preface About ThJs Manual xv What this manual contains xvii Other reference materials xviii Notation conventions xix Aids to understanding xix Courier typeface xx Italic xx Fields xxi Delimiter symbols xxi Braces xxii Brackets xxil Ellipses xxiii Underlining xxili For more information xxiv -.' .. Part I Using the Assembler 1 1 About the Assembler 3 General characteristics 5 Overview of the assembly proce…