W1lcom1 to the Macintosh Development Environm1nt These first few pages are important to the first time developer as well as s1asoned Hae d1v1lopers. This is your guide to what material you have received, what is current, and how to make use of it. For existing developers: Use this guide as a checklist to make sure that you have all of the current documentation and software. Changes to the old documentation are noted by 1 ines on the right side of the page. This guide assumes that the user is operating under Monitor 12.2 or equivalent, and has th• follCMing named volumes dedicated to system use: LISA:, TLASM:, INTRFC:, OBJ:, MISC:, and MAC:. Workshop users must translate and r1compile interfaces and examples on their own. If you do not have all of the following documentation, or receivtd damaged media, please call Carol Ballard at 408 I 973 - 4067 to obtain a r1placemtnt. The new or recently modified documentation and software are marked with as hr i sks. The date listed for the software indicates the actual date of last change and does not necessarily coincid1 with the file date seen in a directory listing. Packing List You should have received the following items from Mac Technical Support: A Mac box containing: 1 Hae: 1 keyboard and cablt 1 Hous1 1 powtr cord 1 progranner's switch <a piect of tan plastic labeled RESET I INTERRUPT> 2 Mac printer cables 2 Mac 3 112• disk masters (put one asidt to initialize blank disks and to create additional work disks.> 5 blank 3-112• disks disk 1abe1 s 3 Lisa 5 114• disks To install the programmer's switch, snap it onto the left sid1 of the Mac (screen facing you) at the bottom corner, toward the rear. This will position th• plastic fingers over the internal RESET and INTERRUPT microswitches. *** The programmer's switch may already be in place. *** About the Macintosh Binders The Macintosh documentation is contained in three volumes. 12112183 Read He First 1 Volum• 1 contains: R•ad H• First <this not1> Insid9 Macintosh: A Road Hap Indtx to Ttchnical OocU111ntation Macintosh Us•r Inttrface Guidelines The Resourc1 Hanag1r: A Progranner's Guidt QuickDr..,.: A Programmer's Guide Th• Font Hanag1r1 A Progrann1r's Guidi Th• Event Manager: A Progrann1r's Guidt Th• WindCM Hanag1r1 A Programmtr's Guid• Macintosh Control Manager Prograrm11r's Guide 12/12/83 • 8/8/83 10/5/83 10/11/82 10/3/83 3/2/83 4/22/83 6/21/83 8/25/83 3/16/83 Volumt 2 contains: Tht H1nu Manag1r: A Progrann1r's Guidi The Dialog Managers A Progranmer's Guide TtxtEdit: A Programmtr's Guide Cor1Edit1 A .Programmer's Guide Thi 01sk Hanag1r: A Programm1r's Guidi The Toolbox Utiliti1s: A Programm1r'.s Guidi Macintosh Op•rating System R1f1renc1 Manual The Segment Loader: A Programmtr's Guide Th• Scrap Manag1r: A Progranntr's Guidi Th• Htmory Hanag1r: A Programmer's Guide Putting Tog1th1r A Macintosh Appl icat,on Asynchronous Serial Driver The OS Evint Hanag1r Macintosh owner's Guidi 11/1/83 11/16/83 9/28/83 8/15/83 9/26/83 5/16/83 2/28/83 6/24/83 10/2…

An Introduction to Copland The Mac™OS Foundation for the Next Generation of Personal Computers TM Copland is the development name for the next major release of the Mac™ OS from Apple® Computer, Inc. This document introduces Copland’s new architecture, its capabilities, and the benefits it will deliver to individuals and organizations. Product Primer Tech Terms Explained Active assistance Features of the Mac OS that allow the computer to guide the user and assist them in accomplishing tasks. Copland will include capabilities that allow the computer to perform activities automatically; for example, backing up files on a scheduled basis or assisting a user with installing software. Component software Self-contained, reusable software modules. Copland will support component software written for the industry-standard OpenDoc architecture. Microkernel The set of lowest-level operating system services that arbitrate system resources such as the CPU and memory. Copland will deliver a microkernel-based OS, which will improve system performance and stability, and make its users more efficient in accomplishing their work. OpenDoc The most widely compatible software architecture for component software. Copland will integrate support for OpenDoc as part of the Mac OS. Open Transport A communications architecture, based on open computer industry standards, that can be used to implement any number of networking and other communications systems. QuickDraw™ 3D Apple’s cross-platform application programming interface (API) for creating and rendering real-time, workstation-class 3D graphics. Scalable user interface The ability in Copland to control the extent of a user’s access to system and application features. TM i Contents Welcome ..............................................................................................................................................................................................1 Introducing Copland: Foundation for the Future ......................................................................................2 Copland: The Next Step Toward Apple’s Vision for the Mac OS ..........................................................2 Creating Copland: Apple’s Four-Point Plan for the Mac OS ..................................................................2 The Copland Advantage ............................................................................................................................3 Summary ....................................................................................................................................................3 Setting New Standards for Ease of Use: The Copland User Interface ....................................4 Automating Routine Tasks: From “Show Me” to “Do It for Me” ............................................................4 Managing Information Overload .........................................................................................................…

About the Copland File System Preliminary Developer Press © Apple Computer, Inc. 1992–1995 Files DR0Book : Copyright.dr0 Page 2 Tuesday, October 17, 1995 3:28 PM ð Apple Computer, Inc.  1992–1995 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Apple Computer, Inc., except to make a backup copy of any documentation provided on CD-ROM. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws. No licenses, express or implied, are granted with respect to any of the technology described in this book. Apple retains all intellectual property rights associated with the technology described in this book. This book is intended to assist application developers to develop applications only for Apple-labeled or Apple-licensed computers. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not responsible for typographical errors. Apple Computer, Inc. 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014 408-996-1010 Apple, the Apple logo, AppleLink, AppleScript, AppleShare, AppleTalk, GeoPort, HyperCard, ImageWriter, LocalTalk, Macintosh, MacTCP, OpenDoc, PowerBook, Power Macintosh, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, and WorldScript are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. Balloon Help, Chicago, Finder, Geneva, Mac, and QuickDraw are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. MacPaint and MacWrite are registered trademarks, and Clarisworks is a trademark, of Claris Corporation. NuBus is a trademark of Texas Instruments. PowerPC is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation, used under license therefrom. UNIX is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively through X/Open Company, Ltd. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state.. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. Even though Apple has reviewed this manual, APPLE MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THIS MANUAL, ITS QUALITY, ACCURACY, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AS A RESULT, THIS MANUAL IS SOLD “AS IS,” AND YOU, THE PURCHASER, ARE ASSUMING THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO ITS QUALITY AND ACCURACY. IN NO EVENT WILL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR DIR…

- • ·sugDesk User's Guide By Bonnie Collier Mike Chiang ti Apple Confidential ti ti APPLE COMVTER, INC. This manual and the software described within and the X-CMD used in it are CONFIDENTIAL with all rights reserved. c Apple Computer, Inc., 1988 20525 Mariani Avenue Cupertino, CA 95014 ( 408) 996-1010 Thanks to Gary Bond for thehardcopy X-CMD. If you wish to use this, please contact him directly. Apple, the Apple logo, LaserWriter, and Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. BugDesk User's Guide t& Apple Confidential t& BugDesk User Guide................................................................................................. 1 A bout This User Guide ............................................................................... 1 Getting Started With BugDesk............................................................................. 1 How Does It Work? ...................................................................................... 1 Installation .................................................................................................................. 3 What do you need? ...................................................................................... 3 Setting Up Your BugDesk........................................................................... 3 Using BugDesk............................................................................................................ 6 Navigating Within BugDesk ...................................................................... 6 About Bug Sheets .........................................................................................? Customizing the Template ........................................................................ 9 Writing Bug Reports .................................................................................... 9 Making a White Copy of Your Bug Sheet. .......................................... .1 0 Sending Bug Reports ................................................................................... 1 1 Receiving Reports ......................................................................................... 1 1 Searching .......................................................................................................... 1 1 Printing ............................................................................................................. l 2 Sorting ............................................................................................................... 1 2 Generating Bug Summaries ...................................................................... 12 Maintenance ............................................................................................................... 1 4 Sta.ck Compaction .......................................................................................... 1 4 Upgrading ........................................................................................................ …

CONFIDENTIAL ti® The Caladan User's Guide CONFIDENTIAL IJMn'ED WAllRANTY ON MEDIA AND REPLACEMENT If you discover physical defects in the manuals distributed with an Apple product or in the media on which a software product is distnbuted, Apple will replace the media or manuals at no charge to you, provided you return the item to be replaced with proof of purchase to Apple or an authorized Apple dealer during the 90-day period after you purchased the software. In addition, Apple will replace damaged software media and manuals for as long as the software product is included in Apple's Media Exchange Program. While not an upgrade or update method, this program offers additional protection for up to two years or more from the date of your original purchase. See your authorized Apple dealer for program coverage and details. In some countries the replacement period may be different; check with your authorized Apple dealer. All. IMPLIED WARRANTIES ON TIIE MEDIA AND MANUMS, INUUDING IMPllED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABllll'Y AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICUIAR PURPOSE, ARE UMITED IN DURATION TO NINETY (90) DAYS FROM TIIE DATE OF THE ORIGINAL RETA.ll. PUROIASE OF nus PRODUCT. Even though Apple has tested the software and reviewed the documentation, APPLE ~KES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESE.VTATION, EITHER EXPRESS OR Ll'tlPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO SOFTWARE, ITS QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AS A RESULT, THIS SOFTWARE IS SOLD "AS IS," AND YOU TIIE PUROIASER ARE ASSUMING THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO ITS QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE. IN NO EVENT Will APPLE BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, IXDIRECT, SPECIAL, IM:JDENTAl, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DUICT L\ THE SOFTWARE OR ITS DOCUMENTATION, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. In particular, Apple shall have no liability for any programs or data stored in or used with Apple products, including the costs of recovering such programs or data. THE WARRA.VTY AND REMEDIES SET FORTH ABOVE ARE IXUUSIVE AND l~ UEV OF All. OTHERS, ORAL OR WRin'IN, EXPRESS OR L\IPLIED. No Apple dealer, agent, or employee is authorized to make any modification, extension, or addition to this warranty. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply 10 you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state. .,,"'/ CONFIDENTIAL S APPLE COMPUTER, INC. This manual and the software described in it are copyrighted, with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual or the software may not be copied, in whole or part, without written consent of Apple, except in the normal use of the software or to make a backup copy of the software. The same proprietary and copyright notices must be affixed to any permitted copies as were affixed to the original. This exception does not allow copies to be made for …

Date: From: To: January 21, 1985 Larry Tesler ~ Larry Rosenstein, Ken Doyle, Scott Wallace, Gaby Hirl, Dan lngalls, Barry Haynes, Yu Ying Chow, Mark Lentczner, Chris Espinosa, Andy AverilL Scott Knaster, Russ Daniels, Pete Cressman, Judy York, Amy Rapport, Eileen Crombie . . Subject: Bud Tribble, Jerome Coonen, Rony Sebok . . Steve Capps, Martin Haeberli, Rick Meyers, Al Hoffman . . Gursharan Sidhu. . Dan Cochran. . Hasmig Seropian, Cary Clark, Bob Belleville Expandable Application: Release Plan This is a release plan for the Expandable Application (aka Generic Appl ication, Standard Appl ication, Macintosh ToolKit, Vantage). All releases will be made through the Software Library. Non-Apple users will contact Technical Support for help. In turn, Technical Support will forward questions they can't answer to my group. Release 0.0 (•Phi") is planned for January 23, 1985. lts authors were Larry Rosenstein, Scott Wallace, and Ken Ooyle. One of two sample programs is by Gaby Hirl. Release 0.0 is intended for use by Rony Sebok (who is writing an electronic mail user interface)„ Russ Daniels (to prepare for eventual technical support of the product), and Kurt Schmucker and Andy Averilt {to write documentation). lt is missing many smal 1 but critical features; memory management is not yet smart; the Pascal syntax is not the tatest Wirth-approved variety; it is virtually undocumented; it has not been used outside my group. Release D.1 c-·chi•) is planned for February L 1985. The audience wi 11 be expanded to include other Apple employees who program Macintosh appl ications in Pascal, and a number of outside testers to be selected by Scott Knaster and myself. The outside testers wi 11 come from the ranks of university customers and certif ied developers with experiPnce in both Macintosh ToolBox use and object-oriented programming (e.g.„ Lisa Clascal). lt will be like Release 0.0 except it will have the Wirth-approved new syntax, scrap management, and various m inor improvements. We plan ta teach an in-hause course in February based an release 0.1. Release D.3 („Psi„) is planned for March 15, 1985. There will a little more documentation. The audience will be enlarged to include some outside testers with no specific prior experience. The capabilities will be expanded to include smarter memory management and to t ie other loose ends. Release 0.5 („Omega•) is planned for April 241 1985. lt will have the final architecture and fairly complete documentation. The audience wi 11 be expanded to include as many developers as we can suppart. Release 0.5 wi 11 never be a „Product 11 because the Lisa Workshop wil 1 be needed to compi lel 1 but it should make Macintosh application development easier for Lisa owners. Release 0. 7 („Alpha") is planned for around June 1, actually, one month after the later of: Release 0.5; Alpha of the New Macintosh Development System. This version will be compatible with Objective C, support applications in assembler . . and suppor…

ð INSIDE MACINTOSH Apple Events in Mac OS 8 ð WWDC Release May 1996 © Apple Computer, Inc. 1994 - 1996 ð Apple Computer, Inc. © 1994–1996 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Apple Computer, Inc., except to make a backup copy of any documentation provided on CD-ROM. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws. No licenses, express or implied, are granted with respect to any of the technology described in this book. Apple retains all intellectual property rights associated with the technology described in this book. This book is intended to assist application developers to develop applications only for Apple-labeled or Apple-licensed computers. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not responsible for typographical errors. Apple Computer, Inc. 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014 408-996-1010 Even though Apple has reviewed this manual, APPLE MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THIS MANUAL, ITS QUALITY, ACCURACY, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AS A RESULT, THIS MANUAL IS SOLD “AS IS,” AND YOU, THE PURCHASER, ARE ASSUMING THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO ITS QUALITY AND ACCURACY. IN NO EVENT WILL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT OR INACCURACY IN THIS MANUAL, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. THE WARRANTY AND REMEDIES SET FORTH ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHERS, ORAL OR WRITTEN, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. No Apple dealer, agent, or employee is authorized to make any modification, extension, or addition to this warranty. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state. Apple, the Apple logo, and Macintosh are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. Finder and Mac are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. Draft. Confidential.  Apple Computer, Inc. 4/22/96 Contents Chapter 1 Introduction to the Mac OS 8 Event Model 1-1 Apple Events in Mac OS 8 1-4 Apple Event Communications Model 1-4 Apple Event Data Model 1-5 The Mac OS 8 Event Model 1-6 Apple Event Dispatchers 1-8 Handler Tables 1-9 Apple Event Handlers 1-10 Tasking Models 1-11 One Ta…

1 I ( '- .~Apple. Sphinx Installation Guide t lOOTED WAIIANTY ON MEDIA AND IEPlACDIE.''T If you diaco¥er physial defec1s in the manuals distributed wlh an Apple product or in the media on which a aoftwan: product i5 distributed, Apple will replace the media or manuals at DO charge to you, provkied you rerum the item to be replaced with proof c:J pwclwe 10 Apple or an authorized Apple dealer during the 9O-day period after you purchased the sc:itware. In addition, Apple will replace darmged aoftwan: media and manuals for as btg as the aoftwan: product is induded in Apple's Media Exchange ProgrIm. While not an upg!2de or update method, this program offen additional protection for up to two years or more from the date of your original purchase. See your authorized Apple dealer for program ~ and deta.iJs. In aome countries the replacement period may be different~ check with your a\lborized Apple dealer. AIJ. JMPlIED WAIUlANTIES ON 11IE MEDIA AND MANUALS,IN<ll1DING IMPUED WA.IW.NTIES OF ME.IICHAN'IABDl ANI> FD'NESS FaaA PAllT1CUI.U PURPOSE, ARE LIMITED IN DViADON TO NIJI4"EIl' (90) nus mOM lHE DATE OF lHE ORIGINAL 1£l'AJI. PllIOWE OF nus Paooocr. Even though Apple has teMed the software and reviewed the documentation, APIU MAKES NO WAJlRANTY 01. REPRESENTATION, UI'HEB. EXPIESS oa IMPUED, WII'H RESPECf TO SOFTWARE,lI'SQVAUl'Y,PEllFOB.MANCE,MEIlClA.NTABllll'Y.OI.FIl'NESSFOI.A PAJI'lOJIAR JIU1IPOSE. AS A RESULT, nus SOFTWARE 15 SOU> -AS IS," AND YOU 11IE PllIOIASEB. ARE ASSUMING 11IE ENTIB.E JUSI( AS TO lI'S QUALm' AND PEllFOB..\lANCE. IN NO EVFNl' WILL APIU BE 1lABlE FOI. DIRECf,INDIB.ECl'. SPEClAL, INCDENTAL, oa CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGE'S RESULTING mOM A,.-;Y DEFECf IN 11IE SOFTWAB.E 01. rrs DOCUMENTAllON, even if advised d the ~ibility d such damages. In parucu12r, Apple shall have no liability for any prognms or data stored in or used with Apple products, induding the C06tS of recovering such programs or data. lHE WAllB.ANTY ANI> IEMEDlES SIT FOKI'H ABOVE ARE EXOl1SlVE AND IN LlEU OF AIJ. O'I'HERS, om oa W1UTl'EN, EXPRESS OR JMPlIED. No Apple dealer, agent, or employee is authorized 10 make any rnodifiation, extension, or addition 10 this warranty. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limiWion or exclusion may nIX apply to you. This wamnty gives you Specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights, which vary from state to state. NOTE: the Canadian warranty statement wtlJ be placed hm by production. ! ( • APPLE CoMP1TI'Ell, INc. This manual is copyriglted by Apple IX' by Apple's suppa, wlh all rights reserved. Under the copyrisht laws, this manual may not be mpied, in whole IX' in part, without the written consett of Apple Computer, Inc. This exczption does not allow copies to be made for OOlers, whether or not sold, but all of the l1IiIleI'Ql purchased may be sold, Biven, or lent to IJXIIher person. Under the law, copyiDg irx:lud…

l( ti® Apple® AppleShare@ PC Developer's Guide Apple Confidential Final Draft 7/15/88 I t ti APPLE COMPUTER, INC. This manual is copyrighted, with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or part, without written consent of Apple. Under the law, copying includes translating into another language or format. ©Apple Computer, Inc., 1988 20525 Mariani Ave. Cupertino, California 95014 USA 1-(408) 996-1010 Apple, the Apple logo, AppleTalk, ImageWriter, LaserWriter, and Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. AppleShare, A/UX, and LocalTalk are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Microsoft and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. IBM is a registered trademark of IBM Corporation. Postscript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Lotus and 1-2-3 are registered trademarks of Lotus Development Corporation. Epson is a registered trademark of Seiko Epson Corporation. AppleShare PC developer's guide - Apple Confidential Final draft • Contents Figures and tables xii Pref ace What you need to know ix Related documents x Organization xi Chapter 1 AppleShare PC Overview Requirements 3 Chapter 2 Access Privileges 5 How access privileges work 6 How privilege violations appear to DOS programs 7 How to work with access privileges 8 Chapter 3 Network Awareness & Multi-User Considerations 9 Atomicity 10 Opening files 11 Sharing modes 11 Compatibility mode 12 Overlays 13 Byte range locking 14 Temporary files 14 Open file categories 15 iii AppleShare PC developer's guide - Apple Ccntldentlal Final draft • lv Contents Chapter 4 Directory Enumeration 17 Alphabetically ordered directories 18 Enumeration guidelines 19 Enumeration lifetime 19 Reappearing directory entries 20 Backing up 22 Chapter 5 DOS Enhancements 23 Large volumes 24 Moving directories 24 Enhanced file and directory information 25 Lowercase names 25 Modified bit 26 Checking access privileges 26 Chapter 6 Integration with Macintosh Applications 29 Common file formats 30 ASCII text 30 File extension mapping 33 Adding mappings 34 Saving files 35 Chapter 7 Print Access 37 BIOS-level support 38 DOS-level support 40 Printer calls 41 Printer critical errors 41 Epson mode 41 PostScript mode 42 AppleShare PC developer's guide - Apple Confidential Final draft Appendix A Programming Examples 43 Standard start-up sequence 43 DOS version check 43 Checking for SHARE 44 Checking for AppleShare PC 45 Installing a critical error handler 47 Character handling 49 End-of-line delimiters 49 International uppercase routine 51 Multi-User I/0 53 Extending a file 53 File extension mapping 55 Appendix B Network and Mulfl·User Errors 57 Contents v AppleShare PC developar's guide - Apple Confldentlal Flnal draft • vi Contents AppleShare PC developer's guide - Apple Confldentlal Final draft "( Figures and tables Chapter 1 AppleShare PC Overview 2 Figure 1-1 Chapter 3 Network Aw…

Copland I/O Architecture Preliminary Developer Press © Apple Computer, Inc. 1992–1995 ð Apple Computer, Inc.  1992–1995 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical, electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Apple Computer, Inc., except to make a backup copy of any documentation provided on CD-ROM. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws. No licenses, express or implied, are granted with respect to any of the technology described in this book. Apple retains all intellectual property rights associated with the technology described in this book. This book is intended to assist application developers to develop applications only for Apple-labeled or Apple-licensed computers. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not responsible for typographical errors. Apple Computer, Inc. 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014 408-996-1010 Apple, the Apple logo, AppleLink, AppleScript, AppleShare, AppleTalk, GeoPort, HyperCard, ImageWriter, LocalTalk, Macintosh, MacTCP, OpenDoc, PowerBook, Power Macintosh, PowerTalk, QuickTime, TrueType, and WorldScript are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. Balloon Help, Chicago, Finder, Geneva, Mac, and QuickDraw are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. MacPaint and MacWrite are registered trademarks, and Clarisworks is a trademark, of Claris Corporation. NuBus is a trademark of Texas Instruments. PowerPC is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation, used under license therefrom. UNIX is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively through X/Open Company, Ltd. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state.. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. Even though Apple has reviewed this manual, APPLE MAKES NO WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THIS MANUAL, ITS QUALITY, ACCURACY, MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. AS A RESULT, THIS MANUAL IS SOLD “AS IS,” AND YOU, THE PURCHASER, ARE ASSUMING THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO ITS QUALITY AND ACCURACY. IN NO EVENT WILL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM A…